358:
354:, in a wedding attended by the Empress herself, who decorated the Princess's hair with diamonds and accompanied her to the church. The early years of her marriage were spent setting her husband's estates in order. The Golitsyns had very extensive households and landholdings, but they were in some disarray. Natalya Petrovna, by travelling from estate to estate, was able to put the estates in order, while also significantly increasing their income. As one of their contemporaries recorded: "Golitsyn was a rich landowner, but a simple-minded person. His wife easily got the better of him, putting him in the rank of a lowly brigadier, and reorganised the estates. Natalya Petrovna, a clever woman by nature and a great organiser, arranged things, taking management of the estates in her own hands and solely disposing affairs to increase her wealth. She kept all of her household in strict obedience; as the children grew up, they did not dare to sit in her presence."
31:
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admired her appetite and vigour ... There is no happier mother than old
Golitsyna, you have to see how her children take care of her, and her children already have grandchildren." In her youth the princess was a famous beauty. In old age her facial hair became more prominent, leading to the nickname bestowed upon her by the "sharp tongues of the high-society wits" "Princess Moustache", rendered in either French as "Princesse Moustache", or Russian as "Княгиня Усатая" (
261:
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686:. Sergei Golitsyn then used this knowledge to win the money back. Sergei Golitsyn had then related this story to Pushkin. Princess Golitsyna, who by the time of the publication of her story was in her 90s, began to be identified with the character, being nicknamed the "Queen of Spades", while her house in St Petersburg became known as the
595:. On the death of her husband in 1798, Natalya's sons became heirs to the family fortune, but did not dare to demand their rightful share of the inheritance from their mother. On their marriages Princess Golitsyna's daughters received 2,000 serfs, while her sons received an annuity of 50,000 rubles. When Dmitry was appointed
643:
in Moscow, "yesterday I was at the house of old
Golitsyna. In the morning I went to congratulate her and found the whole city there. The Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna also came. In the evening, the whole city was there again, although no one had been summoned. She turned 79 years old yesterday, and I
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were worked hard however, as in 1797 they rioted and burned down the tannery's office and the distillery. Princess
Golitsyna was known to be haughty with those of equal social standing, and friendly with those whom she considered lower than herself. A contemporary noted that "she ruled in the light,
479:
wrote that "Almost all of the nobility were related to her by blood or by marriage. The emperors expressed an almost filial love for her. In the city, it was somehow recognized that she ruled with unconditional power. After their presentation to the court, each young girl was brought to bow to her;
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had to ask
Princess Golitsyna to increase her son's allowance so that he would not compromise his name and position with debts. The princess added another 50,000 rubles, considering this a generous sum. It was only on his mother's death, seven years before his own, that Prince Dmitry received his
228:
that became an important focal point of the court. She continued to receive the attentions of the
Russian emperors, being awarded orders of nobility, and mixing with the highest echelons of society. Popular in public, though regarded as somewhat autocratic, she took especial care of her children,
613:
Princess
Golitsyna continued her salon hosting duties into her old age, and it was considered a signal honour to attend on her. She received all guests while sitting in her chair, making an exception only for the emperor. Near her chair stood one of her close relatives, who presented the guests,
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in 1766. Taking charge of the management of his estates, she greatly increased the family's fortunes, before the couple moved abroad with their family for their education. They settled in Paris, where
Natalya became a darling of the French court, nicknamed the "Moscow Venus". Returning to Russia
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Princess
Golitsyna died in St Petersburg on 1 January 1838, at age 96. In her long life she had been maid of honour during the reigns of five emperors and empresses, and a lady in waiting at the courts of Alexander I and Nicholas I. She was buried in the Golitsyn family tomb in the
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that it had been a
Golitsyn who had told the cards anecdote to Pushkin. The Golitsyn in question was identified as likely being Sergei by Mstislav Tsiavlovskii, a connection challenged by A. A. Ilin-Tomich who presented evidence that he was not the source of the anecdote. The 1999
670:, written in 1833. On its publication in 1834 Pushkin wrote about its reception, noting that "At the court, they found similarities between the old Countess and Princess Natalya Petrovna and do not seem to be angry." A story spread that Princess Golitsyna's grand-nephew, Prince
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enforcing strict rules and standards of behaviour. Her influence and control over their lives was such that even in adult life they were afraid to sit in front of her, and she continued to manage the family estates and finances. Despite being
335:, and received an excellent education, eventually being able to speak five languages. The Chernyshyovs were recalled to Russia in 1756, spending four years in the country before her father's appointment in 1760 as ambassador to the court of
591:, leaving behind two orphaned illegitimate children he had had with a gypsy woman. In fear of Natalya's reaction to this news, their existence was kept a secret from her, and they were quietly raised with the family of Boris's brother
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had gone to her for help after losing a large sum of money at cards. Princess
Golitsyna replied that she knew the secret of the three magic cards, the three, the seven and the ace, having been told it by her friend in France, the
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in 1820, a social position that required him to give receptions and balls, and to be engaged in charity, he soon fell into debt, as the allowance he received from his mother was not enough to support such a life. Eventually
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intercede on his behalf for a raise in the allowance she gave him. In later life she became known in society as "Princesse Moustache" as her facial hair became more prominent. She was an inspiration for the countess in
527:. Evidence shows that she personally managed her property, and in Radogoshch the estate's office building, a distillery, stud-farm and stone church were built during her time as owner. There is the suggestion that the
734:, who like Golitsyna had been a lady in waiting at court in the eighteenth century, and whose salons Pushkin had attended. When queried about the likeness with Zagryazhskaya, the great aunt of Pushkin's wife
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they were back in Paris. Empress Catherine ordered all Russians abroad to return home, and the Golitsyns returned to Russia in August 1790, except the brothers who visited Rome, where they were portrayed by
994:
Rzewski V.S. & V.A. Chudinov Russian "members" of the French revolution // French Yearbook 2010: Sources of the history of the French revolution of the XVIII century and the era of Napoleon. M.C. 6-45.
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at the time of her birth. She moved with the family to London, following her father's duties as ambassador to the royal courts of Europe, and returned to Russia for periods. Appointed one of Empress
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respectively, with each having five children. All received excellent educations, and while living in Paris before the revolution it was noted that they spoke French better than they did Russian.
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the guard officer, who had only just put on epaulets, came to her as the commander-in-chief." Her position in the capital's social life was such that every Emperor and Empress of Russia from
350:, and was awarded a unique gold medal with Catherine's portrait by the empress for her dance in the "Court Carousel" of 1766. In October 1766 she married the 35-year-old Prince
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Princess Golitsyna acquired a reputation as the autocrat of her family, being both capricious and domineering. Her children were afraid to sit in her presence; when her son
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511:, and possibly others as well. Along with successes at court, Natalya Petrovna engaged in the improvement of her estates, and in 1824 became an honorary member of the
252:, another nickname that became attached to her. She died at the age of 96, having been a part of the Imperial court through the lives of five Emperors and Empresses.
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since her eyesight was poor. Depending on the rank or nobility of the guest, the princess would either incline her head, or say a few more or less private words.
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Prince V.B. Golitsyn with his sons Boris and Dmitry in Paris (photo magnification from a miniature of the late 1780s (from the book of 1916)).
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Natalya Petrovna had five children with her husband. Her first son, Pyotr, was born in 1767, but died in 1778. Her second son
389:, the future King George IV, presented her with his autographed portrait. On 14 July 1789 Dmitry was somehow involved in the
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became known as two of the most learned women in Russia. In 1762 she was appointed maid of honour to Empress
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allowed them. Natalya became a recognised figure at court, and an important centre of court affairs.
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of 1825. A contemporary recorded that she intervened on behalf of one of her Chernyshov nephews and
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705:). In later years the house and the intersection it stood on came to be considered a haunted site.
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in the company of a valet. In June 1783 she left for France with her daughters, settling in Paris (
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did something to offend her, she refused to speak to him for over a year. Boris died during the
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wrote "one of the strongholds of the throne against free-thinking", and even her successor
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Born into the noble Chernyshyov family, Natalya Petrovna was the daughter of the diplomat
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was born in 1771 and rose to be a statesman and military writer. He married
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406:. She left two diaries from this period, which were subsequently published;
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Natalya was born in Berlin on 28 January 1741, the second daughter of Count
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edition notes that the characteristics of the countess likely owed more to
660:
Princess Golitsyna was an inspiration for the character of the countess in
1009:Платье императрицы. Екатерина II и европейский костюм в Российской империи
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1159:"Настоящая Пиковая дама – почему княгиню Голицыну боялись все окружающие"
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A Double Garland: Poetry and Art-song in Early-nineteenth-century Russia
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Upon the Chernyshyovs' return to Russia in 1762, Natalya and her sister
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1070:Словарь петербуржца. Лексикон Северной столицы. История и современность
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Natalya Petrovna Golitsyn with her first son, Pyotr, in a 1768 portrait
974:"Тайны Пиковой дамы. Как Голицына стала прообразом пушкинской героини"
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Princess Golitsyna continued her socialising, establishing a popular
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54:
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Davydov, Sergei (Summer 1999). "The Ace in "The Queen of Spades"".
467:. Empress Catherine approved of the gatherings, seeing in them, as
169:(Чернышёва); 28 January 1741 – 1 January 1838 [
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311:, daughter of a famous chief of the secret office in Biron, Count
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862:(in Russian). Vol. 1. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. pp. 322–323.
860:Императорский дом. Выдающиеся сановники. Энциклопедия биографий
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she, her husband and their daughters visited London, where the
515:. In 1832 she was listed as the owner of three enterprises in
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to Nicholas I paid their respects to her. In September 1801
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to the court. In August 1826 she was made a member of the
373:) for the children's education. She attended the court of
1011:(in Russian). Новое Литературное Обозрение. p. 222.
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The Golitsyns settled at their St Petersburg townhouse,
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Princess Golitsyna in later life, an 1810s portrait by
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The popular story stemmed from a friend of Pushkin's,
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Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape
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393:. He wrote his mother about the activities of the
35:Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, in a 1777 portrait by
1041:Female Entrepreneurs in Nineteenth-Century Russia
1181:"Дом княгини Н. П. Голицыной . Дом Пиковой дамы"
1137:"Наталья Петровна Голицына (1741 (1744) – 1837)"
331:, her father's new posting as ambassador to the
1043:. Perspectives in Economic and Social History.
652:), or by the androgynous "Princesse Woldemar".
323:and the sister of the lady in waiting Princess
208:'s maids of honour in 1762, she married Prince
500:First Class, at the coronation of Nicholas I.
264:The Chernyshyov family in a 1750s portrait by
792:(in Russian). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. p. 222.
605:full inheritance, amounting to 16,000 serfs.
8:
1238:. Studies in Russian Literature and Theory.
492:Second Class, while in 1806 she was made a
1413:Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine
29:
18:
1383:Ladies-in-waiting from the Russian Empire
920:Два Петербурга. Мистический путеводитель
767:"Portrait of Princess Natalia Golitsyna"
418:), covering the years 1781 to 1783, and
788:Pchelov, Evgeniy Vladimirovich (2001).
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1312:
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395:National Constituent Assembly (France)
173:20 December 1837]) was a Russian
48:Countess Natalya Petrovna Chernyshyova
1271:The Queen of Spades and Other Stories
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1161:(in Russian). Media Sol'. 16 May 2018
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951:"Княгиня Наталья Петровна Голицына"
280:and Natalya, and their son Grigory.
217:, the family established itself in
1393:Socialites from the Russian Empire
972:Petrova, Elena (3 December 2015).
953:(in Russian). aleksandr-suvorov.ru
327:. Natalya went with the family to
14:
1335:Queen of Spades and Other Stories
519:, a tannery and glass factory in
408:Notes About the Events of My Life
303:, diplomat and ambassador to the
1388:Countesses of the Russian Empire
1337:. Translated by Paul Debreczny.
98:Ekaterina Vladimirovna Apraksina
656:Pushkin and the Queen of Spades
562:Tatiana Vasilyevna Vasilchikova
513:Scientific and Economic Society
1408:Russian princesses by marriage
688:"House of the Queen of Spades"
365:In 1782 her sons were sent to
1:
1240:Northwestern University Press
858:Fedorchenko, Valeriy (2003).
578:Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov
416:заметки о событиях моей жизнь
1403:Burials at Donskoy Monastery
790:Рюриковичи. История династии
352:Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn
315:. She was a niece of Counts
290:Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn
210:Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn
126:Ekaterina Andreevna Ushakova
94:Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn
91:Pyotr Vladimirovich Golitsyn
82:Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn
1068:Sindalovskiy, Naum (2017).
719:, who related to historian
672:Sergei Grigorevich Golitsyn
574:Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin
428:заметки о моих путешествиях
1429:
1208:Princeton University Press
1202:Buckler, Julie A. (2018).
1007:Borderiu, Kseniya (2017).
597:Governor-General of Moscow
305:Margraviate of Brandenburg
288:Natalya's husband, Prince
276:and their daughters Anna,
231:Governor-General of Moscow
149:Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna
23:Princess Natalya Golitsyna
1289:. pp. xxvii–xxviii.
1234:Hodge, Thomas P. (2000).
1039:Ulianova, Galina (2015).
918:Popov, Aleksandr (2018).
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465:French monarchist émigrés
459:, where Natalya hosted a
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157:Наталья Петровна Голицына
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28:
976:(in Russian). spb.aif.ru
391:Storming of the Bastille
333:Kingdom of Great Britain
325:Darya Petrovna Saltykova
313:Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov
292:, in a 1762 portrait by
1287:Oxford University Press
1275:Oxford World's Classics
727:Oxford World's Classics
648:) or "Княгиня Мусташ" (
523:and a linen factory in
383:Estates General of 1789
922:(in Russian). Litres.
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498:Order of St. Catherine
490:Order of St. Catherine
450:Malaya Morskaya Street
420:Notes About My Travels
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191:Order of St. Catherine
732:Natalia Zagryazhskaya
639:wrote to his brother
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572:(1775–1845), married
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404:Hugh Douglas Hamilton
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256:Family and early life
684:Count of St. Germain
532:recognized by all".
309:Ekaterina Andreyevna
274:Ekaterina Andreyevna
667:The Queen of Spades
637:Konstantin Bulgakov
635:On 18 January 1821
585:Boris Vladimirovich
486:Emperor Alexander I
482:Catherine the Great
371:Rue Saint-Florentin
348:Catherine the Great
249:The Queen of Spades
206:Catherine the Great
140:Catherine the Great
1331:Pushkin, Alexander
1315:has generic name (
1267:Pushkin, Alexander
1139:. usadbamaryino.ru
769:. Hermitage Museum
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554:Battle of Borodino
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646:Knyaginya Usataya
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505:Decembrist revolt
477:Vladimir Sollogub
307:. Her mother was
301:Pyotr Chernyshyov
270:Pyotr Chernyshyov
244:Alexander Pushkin
215:French Revolution
198:Pyotr Chernyshyov
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233:, her son
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