416:. Most of the Utes refused to plow the valley and plant crops. The valley was used by them to graze their horses and engage in their favorite sport of horse racing. Meeker demanded the Utes accede to his wishes, withheld rations and annuities to force their compliance, and wrote newspaper articles condemning their resistance. He told the Utes that the land did not belong to them, but to the U.S. government. He also requested the U.S. cavalry patrol the borders of the Ute Reservation to prevent the Utes from leaving to hunt on their traditional hunting grounds.
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227:. Arvilla taught kindergarten and Nathan was a teacher, historian, auditor, librarian, secretary, and poet laureate. In 1845, their son Ralph Lovejoy was born. Two years later George Columbus was born at the colony. The Trumbull Phalanx colony failed due to financial and health issues in the fall of 1847.
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The dispute between Meeker and the Utes resulted in a confrontation between Meeker and a Ute leader named "Johnson." Meeker wired for military assistance, after he had been assaulted by an Indian, driven from his home, and severely injured. Meeker requested only a few soldiers come to the agency, but
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in
Wyoming, advanced toward the agency to settle the affair. The Utes warned Thornburgh and Meeker that the presence of soldiers on the reservation would be an act of war. Meeker requested that Thornburgh halt his advance outside the reservation and proceed to the White River Agency with only five
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in 1852. He was asked to help found the
Western Reserve Eclectic Institute by the Disciples of Christ, but he was furious when his claim was held up because he sold whiskey. He only sold whiskey by prescription, but was so angry over the misunderstanding that he left the church. In 1854, Mary was
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basin, in what was intended as a cooperative venture for people of "high moral standards" and temperance. Meeker received approximately 3,000 replies that winter, and accepted about 700 of them to purchase shares. With the capital from the shares, in 1870 Meeker purchased 2,000 acres (8 km),
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On
September 29, 1879, the Utes attacked both Thornburgh and Meeker's agency. They set the agency buildings on fire and killed Meeker and the 10 members of his staff. They took five women and children as hostages to secure their own safety as they fled and held them for 23 days. Two of the women
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In 1868, six bands of the Utes signed a treaty with the United States ceding the lands in the eastern part of their range and being granted a reservation of 16,500,000 acres (67,000 km) (25,781 square miles) comprising most of the western one-third of
Colorado. According to Article 2 of the
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Meeker married
Arvilla Delight Smith, a Congregationalist, on April 8, 1844. He was baptized a Disciple of Christ to address her concern about his lack of faith. Smith was concerned that Meeker was younger than her. So, he stated that his year of birth was 1814 on their marriage certificate. The
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projects in the area. However, shortages of water and competition with other users caused problems. The Union Colony failed on several counts. It was not financially successful, Meeker was deeply in debt, and the community members did not meet Meeker's standards for
Christian values.
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hunters. Their prized possessions were their large herds of horses. Arriving at the agency in early 1879, Meeker's first act was to relocate the agency to a valley suitable for agriculture about 3 mi (4.8 km) west of the present day town of
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on July 12, 1817, to Enoch and Lurana Meeker. He had three brothers. Meeker was a writer and submitted articles to area publications when he was a boy. He left home at 17 years-of-age for New
Orleans, where he worked as a copy boy for the
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Treaty, the lands on the reservation were "set apart for the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the
Indians." In return for their land, the U.S. was to give the Utes annuities of food and supplies. The
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After college, Meeker worked as a school teacher in
Cleveland and Philadelphia. He saved up his money to move to New York, hoping to fulfill a desire to become a poet. In New York, he became a contributor to the
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and 450 additional cavalry, the soldiers advanced to the White River Agency. They found the bodies of Meeker and his men. Meeker is buried at the Linn Grove
Cemetery, Greeley, Weld County, Colorado.
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Meeker, who was interested in communal and cooperative farms, created his vision of a utopian community based upon Christianity and communal economic enterprise, which was a modification of
403:, forcing them to become sedentary farmers, educate their children in boarding schools, and adopt other "civilized" customs. By contrast, the Utes were nomadic
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was born there. Meeker lost his store and property during the Great Panic of 1857. He moved to Dongola, Illinois, where he opened a small store and grew fruit.
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was established to distribute annuities, guaranteed by the treaty, to the Utes. However, the annuities frequently arrived late or not at all.
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Thornburgh's soldiers (he was killed) were pinned down in the Battle of Milk Creek until October 5. Reinforced by African-American
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The Meeker Home Museum is located at 1324 9th Avenue Greeley, Colorado. It was originally Nathan Meeker's home.
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soldiers. However, on orders from his superior, Thornburgh continued his advance onto the Ute Reservation.
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depicts the aftermath of the "Meeker Massacre." Meeker grave at lower left; W.H. Post grave at lower right.
399:(Indians). The U.S. government at the time had the objective of assimilating Indians by converting them to
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655:"Guide to the Meeker Manuscript Collection AI-4154 - Biographical Note of Arvilla Delight Smith Meeker"
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The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History
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580:"Guide to the Meeker Manuscript Collection AI-4154 - Biographical Note of Nathan Cook Meeker"
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190:. In the late 1830s, Meeker returned to Ohio, where he attended and graduated from
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1109:"The Last Major Indian Uprising: The Meeker Massacre and the Battle of Milk Creek"
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Troubled Trails: The Meeker Affair and the Expulsion of the Utes from Colorado.
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in present-day Utah, and take away most of the land guaranteed them by treaty.
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In 1878, Meeker was appointed to the salaried position of United States (US)
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Bury my heart at Wounded Knee : an Indian history of the American West
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Meeker Elementary School in Greeley, Colorado is named after Nathan Meeker.
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Tucker, Spencer; Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta (September 30, 2011).
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Meeker's former home, now The Meeker Memorial Museum in Greeley, Colorado
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Meeker wrote articles, often about sociology, that were published by the
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395:, the Governor of Colorado. Meeker had no experience dealing with
331:’s definition of a utopian society. With the backing of his editor
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Indian Agency in western Colorado. The next year, he was killed by
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107:(July 12, 1817 – September 30, 1879) was a 19th-century American
689:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 213, 215.
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passed punitive legislation to remove the Ute from Colorado to
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Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland
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An etching that appeared in the December 6, 1879 edition of
238:. The store failed in 1850. Meeker opened another store in
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taken captive were Meeker's his wife Arvilla and daughter
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The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890
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was published in 1856, with Horace Greeley's assistance.
335:, Meeker organized the Union Colony (later the town of
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The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
983:. National Park Service, US Department of the Interior
1005:. Meeker Colorado Chamber of Commerce. Archived from
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Life in the West or Stories of the Mississippi Valley
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Meeker became a war correspondent for Greeley in his
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In 1847, Meeker opened a store with his brothers in
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279:. He was present at and reported on the battle at
1111:, White River Museum, Meeker, Colorado Website (
527:His date of birth is stated as July 17, 1817 in
363:The Union Colony settlers initiated large-scale
955:Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars: 1492-1890
343:. He advertised for applicants to move to the
743:Cache de Poudre National Heritage Area History
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219:colony in Ohio. The colony was based upon the
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768:Cache la Poudre River National Heritage Area
716:Survey of Historic Sites and Homes: Colorado
138:In 1878, he was appointed U.S. Agent at the
1045:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
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311:in 1869, and was inspired to live there.
295:and editor at the end of the war for the
1003:"Milk Creek battle (or Meeker Massacre)"
951:Jerry Keenan (1997). "Meeker Massacre".
348:primarily from Native Americans, at the
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303:was published in 1866. He went to the
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243:born in Hiram, and three years later
146:warriors in what became known as the
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789:"Treaty with the Ute: March 2, 1868"
430:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
683:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin (2003).
266:The Adventures of Captain Armstrong
156:Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation
1186:19th-century American male writers
502:In 1970, he was inducted into the
391:at the White River Reservation by
283:, among other journalists such as
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1176:19th-century American journalists
100:The site of the Meeker massacre.
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1113:http://www.rioblancocounty.org/
181:Nathan Cook Meeker was born in
1196:People from Colorado Territory
633:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 482–483.
1:
1171:Deaths by firearm in Colorado
1166:Murdered American journalists
719:. National Park Service. 2005
234:. Rozene was born in 1849 in
1088:Silbernagel, Robert (2011).
491:Rocky Mountain National Park
352:of the South Platte and the
171:Rocky Mountain National Park
1156:United States Indian agents
1127:, Greeley, Colorado Website
1121:, Greeley, Colorado Website
959:. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.
713:"Meeker (Nathan C.) Home".
443:191 soldiers, led by Major
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1061:"Hall of Great Westerners"
489:, the tallest mountain in
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1181:American male journalists
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1151:People from Euclid, Ohio
981:"Milk Creek battlefield"
504:Hall of Great Westerners
485:, a shorter neighbor to
291:. Meeker became made an
1125:"Meeker Family History"
1039:Gannett, Henry (1905).
339:) to be settled in the
293:agricultural journalist
289:Charles Carleton Coffin
198:Early career and family
927:"Battle of Milk Creek"
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215:couple settled in the
152:United States Congress
131:colony in present-day
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1191:Journalists from Ohio
931:Colorado Encyclopedia
888:Brown, DeeAlexander.
868:Colorado Encyclopedia
843:Colorado Encyclopedia
818:Colorado Encyclopedia
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354:Cache La Poudre River
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252:Cleveland Plaindealer
207:, which was owned by
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1161:People from Colorado
1119:"Meeker Home Museum"
1009:on November 17, 2007
814:"Ute Treaty of !868"
664:. 2015. pp. 3–4
627:"Nathan Cook Meeker"
589:. 2015. pp. 1–2
493:, was named for him.
479:was named after him.
445:Thomas T. Thornburgh
188:New Orleans Picayune
115:, entrepreneur, and
764:"Water War and Law"
285:Junius Henri Browne
264:. His first novel,
173:are named for him.
16:American journalist
739:"The Union Colony"
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382:Indian Reservation
345:South Platte River
341:Colorado Territory
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275:office during the
121:federal government
105:Nathan Cook Meeker
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65:September 29, 1879
1097:978-1-60781-129-9
901:978-4-87187-661-2
864:"Meeker Incident"
640:978-1-85109-697-8
471:Legacy and honors
299:. Meeker's novel
254:and reprinted by
133:Greeley, Colorado
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217:Trumbull Phalanx
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329:Charles Fourier
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273:Cairo, Illinois
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161:The town of
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125:Union Colony
117:Indian agent
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67:(1879-09-29)
54:Euclid, Ohio
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1146:1879 deaths
1141:1817 births
449:Fort Steele
209:N.P. Willis
140:White River
113:homesteader
1135:Categories
936:January 4,
873:January 4,
848:January 4,
798:January 5,
773:January 4,
748:January 4,
539:References
487:Longs Peak
365:irrigation
350:confluence
177:Early life
109:journalist
46:1817-07-12
1013:March 16,
987:March 17,
910:927514110
458:Josephine
360:in 1870.
277:Civil War
245:Josephine
232:Cleveland
81:Signature
307:for the
258:in the
119:for the
506:of the
337:Greeley
309:Tribune
221:utopian
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236:Munson
205:Mirror
658:(PDF)
583:(PDF)
515:Notes
409:bison
240:Hiram
1093:ISBN
1072:2019
1015:2008
989:2008
961:ISBN
938:2022
906:OCLC
896:ISBN
875:2022
850:2022
825:2021
800:2022
775:2022
750:2022
725:2010
691:ISBN
670:2016
635:ISBN
595:2016
287:and
165:and
75:, US
62:Died
56:, US
40:Born
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169:in
144:Ute
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531:.
510:.
48:)
44:(
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