183:"I'm fully aware that public interest is a very fickle thing. One day, the word is 'Moon or bust,' and the next day it is 'let's clean up the rivers.' People get so much information today that the priorities in minds swing back and forth. The Apollo flights to the Moon were demonstrations of immense capabilities and potential, but in some respect they may be compared with Lindbergh's flight across the ocean. I think space is now entering a maturing period where it will be less gee-whiz, less sensational, but it will become more a part of everyday life -- just like the airlines. ... There were great men long before the first big rockets were built. And we are just building on their legacy. We want to make sure that this legacy can now be passed on to the next generation, the people who will really pick the fruits of the trees we have planted. I think the silliest part of the dacay of the public interest in space is that ... we planted the orchard, and we nourished it and fertilized it and watered it and gave it all our tender loving care. And now, the time comes when the fruits can be picked – and they don't want to play the fruit pickers! That is where I think the young generation can make the greatest contribution – pick the fruits."
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114:"The main role of the National Space Institute will be that of a catalyst between the space techonologist and the user. It will attempt to bring to the attention of people the new opportunities offered by advances made in space experiments and space techniques. It will study the feasibility of the application, and the potential uses of space technology as it relates to other human activities."
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106:"Long before the launch of Apollo 17, the last Moon mission, Wernher von Braun recognized that something had to be done to keep the importance of ongoing space activity before the public mind. The sort of organization that could do such a job would need to be independent enough to view critically all aspects of NASA policy and implementation."
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When von Braun died in June 1977, Hugh Downs became
Chairman of the Board and, after a time, Ben Bova assumed the presidency. After Hewitt departed in 1980, Courtney Stadd served for a period as General Manager. The Institute was then led until 1984 by executive director Mark R. Chartrand, followed
250:
was announced in advance of the merger, with vague explanations to the members. Since the merger, it has been claimed that the name change took place upon the merger, but the historical record to the contrary is clear. Following the merger, Wilson was succeeded by his assistant,
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In its earliest stages of formation in June 1974, NSI was first known as the "National Space
Association", but was renamed from "Association" to "Institute" in April 1975. Von Braun was the NSI's first president, but shortly became chairman, with journalist and former
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255:. The merged organization has continued to use the NSS name and logo after a joint membership vote was taken in 1987 to determine whether or not to change it to the "Space Frontier Society."
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
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A more complete history of the
National Space Institute is contained in a series of articles published in the November/December 1994 issue of
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Initial members serving on the NSI board of directors and governors were a veritable "Who's Who" list that included comedian and entertainer
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arrangement was discontinued and an agreement was made with Palmer
Publications to make their monthly general space interest magazine
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joined the NSI board, then became vice president and finally succeeded Downs as president. He continued as president after the
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Wernher von Braun (1912-1977), founder of the
National Space Institute, forerunner of the present-day National Space Society
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Toward the end of 1975, von Braun commented on the state of the general public's interest in the space program.
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magazine whereby all members except life members would receive that magazine as part of their membership.
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National Space
Institute logo which remained unchanged when NSI merged with the
3526:
307:
Frederick I. Ordway III. "Wernher von Braun and the
National Space Institute,"
110:
At the first annual meeting of the organization, in July 1975, von Braun said:
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founded by fans of the Space
Colonization and Industrialization work of
4622:
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1421:
1224:
European
Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
856:
775:
346:
3238:
3166:
3130:
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3012:
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1592:
1017:
1207:
European
Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
1133:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
396:
341:
204:, the Institute entered into an arrangement with the publishers of
5352:
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3250:
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2814:
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1007:
99:
as president. Charles C. Hewitt was the first executive director.
37:
22:
196:
After some years of publishing a newsletter that became known as
4816:
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4084:
3721:
3274:
3036:
1211:
387:
3530:
406:
18:
National Space Institute at the Technical University of Denmark
2239:
1309:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
744:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
242:
Under Bova and Wilson, the arrangements for merger with the
2577:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
1123:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
399:
Resources for NSS chapters, members and space activists.
102:
Downs later recalled the beginning of the organization:
2691:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
2582:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
1202:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
1161:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
381:
3454:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
2597:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
1251:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
5523:
Scientific organizations based in the United States
5385:
5261:
5219:
5077:
4655:
4537:
4530:
4343:
4260:
4184:
4016:
3957:
3941:
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3809:
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3688:
3594:
3571:
3564:
3414:
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2934:
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2615:
2505:
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2301:
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2232:
2185:
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2100:
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1601:
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1509:
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1398:
1389:
1297:
1259:
1151:
1055:
987:
945:
869:
669:
572:
517:
3461:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
2572:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
1241:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
1219:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
292:Hugh Downs. ""Growing to a Position of Strength""
2702:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
2562:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
2557:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
2685:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
1212:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
1086:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004β2010)
181:
112:
104:
1969:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
754:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
710:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
58:to help maintain the public's support for the
54:group, the first of its kind, established by
5474:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
3542:
2520:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
2492:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
1327:Creation of the British National Space Centre
715:European Space Research and Technology Centre
625:
615:
418:
8:
766:European Space Security and Education Centre
2607:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
2567:International Mobile Satellite Organization
2447:Politics of the International Space Station
1082:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
5553:1987 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
4534:
3938:
3692:
3568:
3549:
3535:
3527:
2931:
2602:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
2592:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
2259:
2110:
2097:
1939:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
1395:
1356:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
866:
679:European Launcher Development Organisation
425:
411:
403:
65:. It has since merged, in 1987, with the
2679:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
2525:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
2465:International Civil Aviation Organization
2007:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
1904:Launch of the Space Launch System program
1899:Cancellation of the Constellation program
2059:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
5548:1974 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2708:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
1830:2002 National missile defense directive
1183:Council of European Aerospace Societies
1065:Western European Union Satellite Centre
397:National Space Society Chapters Network
285:
246:were concluded, and the name change to
3481:International Astronautical Federation
1790:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
1198:European Committee for Standardization
810:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
5518:Institutes based in the United States
3476:International Academy of Astronautics
2697:International Docking System Standard
2542:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
2535:International Planetary Data Alliance
2442:International Space Station programme
2164:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
2074:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
1366:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
1128:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
805:Space Situational Awareness Programme
322:Interview with Vernon A. Guidry, Jr.
7:
5543:Organizations disestablished in 1987
3471:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
1486:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
693:European Space Research Organisation
2330:United Rocket and Space Corporation
1984:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
1864:Launch of the Constellation program
1588:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
3424:Air & Space Forces Association
2064:Antennas & Propagation Society
1272:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
1193:European Civil Aviation Conference
226:the official NSI member magazine.
14:
5538:Organizations established in 1974
2497:General Assembly Fourth Committee
2485:Space Generation Advisory Council
1919:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
1093:EU Agency for the Space Programme
842:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
815:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
642:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
584:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
347:A Brief History of the L5 Society
5453:
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5393:
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4001:
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3908:
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3758:
3746:
3727:
3715:
3703:
3669:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3614:
3602:
3486:International Astronomical Union
3308:
3296:
3284:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3213:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2951:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2309:Medvedev modernisation programme
2012:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
1680:1985 anti-satellite missile test
1344:Space Innovation and Growth Team
1089:European GNSS Agency (2010β2021)
771:European Space Operations Centre
732:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
2735:Astronomical naming conventions
1660:Strategy of Technology doctrine
1432:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
1350:Creation of the UK Space Agency
800:European Space Policy Institute
760:European Space Astronomy Centre
3466:British Interplanetary Society
3429:Alliance for Space Development
2552:Global Standards Collaboration
2475:Office for Outer Space Affairs
2002:China exclusion policy of NASA
1670:Space Station Freedom proposal
1583:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
653:Planetary Exploration of China
477:Planetary protection principle
1:
2649:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
1979:Launch of the Artemis program
1909:Redesign of the Orion program
1825:Aerospace Industry Commission
1521:Launch of the Mariner program
1246:European Southern Observatory
946:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995β2015)
5513:Space advocacy organizations
3558:Public-sector space agencies
2730:Extraterrestrial real estate
2270:GoreβChernomyrdin Commission
2170:Soviet crewed lunar programs
2079:Vehicular Technology Society
2069:Broadcast Technology Society
1844:Vision for Space Exploration
1761:GoreβChernomyrdin Commission
1719:Space Exploration Initiative
1665:Strategic Defense Initiative
1618:Launch of the Viking program
1531:Launch of the Apollo program
1526:Launch of the Gemini project
1378:Defence in a Competitive Age
1315:Start of the Ariel programme
1229:European Patent Organisation
73:, to become the present-day
16:Not to be confused with the
5508:Space science organizations
2547:Group on Earth Observations
2530:Committee on Space Research
1974:Creation of the Space Force
1894:Kennedy Space Center speech
1537:We choose to go to the Moon
1468:Introduction to Outer Space
1188:European Broadcasting Union
264:, the magazine of the NSS.
5574:
3496:Space Exploration Alliance
2725:Common heritage of mankind
2643:Space Liability Convention
2415:North Korean space program
2341:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
1805:Launch of the X-37 program
1655:Citizens' Advisory Council
749:European Data Relay System
720:Concurrent Design Facility
465:Space Debris Working Group
393:Online edition of magazine
377:NSSA History - The Present
31:to become the present-day
15:
5468:
3439:Space Frontier Foundation
2866:Launch market competition
2437:Ugandan space initiatives
1997:
1491:Launch of Project Mercury
788:Ariane launcher programme
727:European Astronaut Centre
685:Europa launcher programme
626:
616:
505:The Spaceguard Foundation
440:
3392:Reconnaissance satellite
2765:International Designator
2432:Philippine space program
2380:Australian space program
2032:Office of Space Commerce
2022:House Committee on Space
1934:Space Shuttle retirement
1889:2009 Augustine Committee
1724:1990 Augustine Committee
870:Horizon 2000 (1985β1995)
455:Space traffic management
313:(November/December 1994)
298:(November/December 1994)
48:National Space Institute
3506:Space Force Association
3491:Lunar Explorers Society
2661:Registration Convention
2625:Partial Test Ban Treaty
2506:Other intergovernmental
2420:Pakistani space program
2385:Brazilian space program
1755:Faster, better, cheaper
1558:1967 Outer Space Treaty
1361:Space Industry Act 2018
1138:European Defence Agency
794:Vega launcher programme
737:Living Planet Programme
460:Space debris management
434:Politics of outer space
372:NSSA History - The 90's
367:NSSA History - The 80's
362:NSSA History - The 70's
3434:National Space Society
3335:Space domain awareness
2508:or inter-agency bodies
2410:Lebanese space program
2395:Japanese space program
2336:2014 Military doctrine
2314:2010 Military doctrine
1734:National Space Council
1729:Hubble Space Telescope
1501:Launch of X-15 program
1422:Aerobee rocket program
1372:2021 Integrated Review
1234:European Patent Office
1154:initiatives and bodies
544:Billionaire space race
470:Space Debris Committee
382:National Space Society
248:National Space Society
185:
134:astronaut and Senator
116:
108:
75:National Space Society
43:
35:
33:National Space Society
3516:The Planetary Society
3345:Anti-satellite weapon
2740:ITU Radio Regulations
2390:Emirati space program
2121:Operation Osoaviakhim
1989:Executive Order 13959
1869:Operation Burnt Frost
1800:Decadal Planning Team
1282:Indian ASAT programme
1277:Space Activities Bill
699:European Space Agency
671:ESA Science Programme
482:Post-detection policy
128:Jacques-Yves Cousteau
41:
26:
5480:Soviet space program
2938:units and formations
2908:Project Harvest Moon
2655:Satellite Convention
2515:African Space Agency
2425:Space programme 2040
2405:Kenyan space program
2400:Kazakh space program
1333:Outer Space Act 1986
1321:Black Arrow launcher
1104:Copernicus programme
1077:EU/ESA Space Council
705:EU/ESA Space Council
596:Chinese ASAT program
122:, singer/songwriter
4630:Guiana Space Centre
3372:Kinetic bombardment
2898:Space manufacturing
2888:Space-based economy
2861:Private spaceflight
2281:ShuttleβMir program
1849:Aldridge Commission
1771:ShuttleβMir program
1479:Space Act Agreement
1410:Operation Paperclip
1267:Department of Space
1260:Indian space policy
1143:Europe by Satellite
1071:EU Satellite Centre
783:Guiana Space Centre
527:Cold War space race
445:Spacefaring nations
5528:Space colonization
3387:Military satellite
3225:Ranks and insignia
2720:Space jurisdiction
2667:Bogota Declaration
2631:Outer Space Treaty
2127:list of scientists
1415:list of scientists
1057:EU Space Programme
384:Official web site.
352:NSS Chapters Story
188:Relationship with
44:
36:
5558:Wernher von Braun
5495:
5494:
5215:
5214:
4526:
4525:
3930:
3929:
3812:and the Caribbean
3684:
3683:
3524:
3523:
3410:
3409:
3402:Satellite jamming
2878:Space advertising
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2249:
2248:
2089:
2088:
1709:George H. W. Bush
1178:Council of Europe
1099:Galileo programme
1051:
1050:
1038:Comet Interceptor
564:Space competition
136:John H. Glenn Jr.
71:Gerard K. O'Neill
56:Wernher von Braun
5565:
5478:Preceded by the
5458:
5457:
5456:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4535:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3939:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3693:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3569:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3528:
3511:Space Foundation
3501:Space Fellowship
3313:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3242:
3241:
3218:
3217:
3194:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3169:
3158:
3157:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3133:
3122:
3121:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3061:
3040:
3039:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3003:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2955:
2932:
2883:Space technology
2854:
2853:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2817:
2760:COSPAR standards
2637:Rescue Agreement
2260:
2111:
2098:
1457:Project Vanguard
1396:
867:
852:Aurora programme
838:Mars and beyond
629:
628:
619:
618:
590:Shuguang program
559:Space propaganda
486:Asteroid impact
427:
420:
413:
404:
329:
320:
314:
305:
299:
290:
174:Nichelle Nichols
170:Gene Roddenberry
126:, oceanographer
5573:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5533:1974 in science
5498:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5228:
5226:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5170:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5134:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5086:
5084:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5025:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5001:
4999:
4989:
4987:
4950:
4948:
4938:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4914:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4878:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4823:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4744:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4682:
4680:
4670:
4668:
4651:
4577:
4575:
4522:
4507:
4505:
4488:
4486:
4469:
4467:
4450:
4448:
4431:
4429:
4412:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4352:
4350:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4205:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4134:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4079:
4077:
4025:
4023:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3978:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3953:
3926:
3909:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3868:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3811:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3728:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3615:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3590:
3573:
3560:
3555:
3525:
3520:
3406:
3382:Missile defense
3321:
3307:
3295:
3272:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3212:
3188:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3034:
3022:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2937:
2921:
2915:Asteroid mining
2903:Lunar resources
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2794:
2787:ISECG standards
2750:ODCWG standards
2745:CCSDS standards
2714:Artemis Accords
2611:
2507:
2501:
2453:
2360:
2318:
2297:
2245:
2228:
2181:
2176:Voskhod program
2145:Sputnik program
2133:
2105:
2103:
2094:USSR and Russia
2085:
1993:
1960:
1953:
1880:
1873:
1816:
1809:
1745:
1738:
1710:
1703:
1646:
1639:
1629:
1622:
1604:
1597:
1569:
1562:
1549:
1542:
1512:
1505:
1443:
1436:
1401:
1391:US space policy
1385:
1301:space programme
1300:
1293:
1255:
1153:
1147:
1114:EUSST programme
1109:EGNOS programme
1047:
983:
972:LISA Pathfinder
941:
883:CassiniβHuygens
865:
776:ESTRACK network
665:
648:Mars and beyond
575:
568:
513:
436:
431:
342:L5 News Archive
338:
333:
332:
325:Washington Star
321:
317:
306:
302:
291:
287:
282:
270:
240:
194:
160:Michael DeBakey
156:Michael Collins
132:Project Mercury
130:, "Original 7"
83:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5500:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5476:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5438:
5426:
5414:
5402:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5130:
5118:
5106:
5094:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4946:
4934:
4922:
4910:
4898:
4886:
4874:
4862:
4850:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4819:
4807:
4795:
4783:
4771:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4408:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4264:
4262:
4261:Southeast Asia
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4201:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3974:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3724:
3712:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3611:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3416:Space advocacy
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3303:United Kingdom
3293:
3282:
3270:
3258:
3246:
3232:Space commands
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3186:
3184:United Kingdom
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2927:Militarisation
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2846:
2844:United Kingdom
2834:
2822:
2808:Space industry
2804:
2802:
2800:Commercial use
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:IPDA standards
2767:
2757:
2755:CEOS standards
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
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2458:United Nations
2455:
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2370:
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2349:MARS-500 study
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2196:
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2179:
2173:
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2158:Vostok program
2155:
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2150:Sputnik crisis
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2095:
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2071:
2066:
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2041:
2036:
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2024:
2019:
2017:Budget of NASA
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1995:
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1965:
1963:
1955:
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1827:
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1815:George W. Bush
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1462:Sputnik crisis
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847:MARS-500 study
844:
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834:ESA Television
831:
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797:
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675:
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659:MARS-500 study
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336:External links
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284:
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278:
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274:Space advocacy
269:
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193:
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82:
79:
52:space advocacy
13:
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3810:Latin America
3808:
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3327:Space warfare
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3196:United States
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2797:
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2780:
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2286:ISS programme
2284:
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2217:Buran program
2215:
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2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2193:Soyuz program
2191:
2190:
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1944:2014 NASA Act
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1924:2010 NASA Act
1922:
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1914:Flexible path
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1859:2005 NASA Act
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63:space program
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19:
5484:Preceded by
5336:Intersputnik
5181:TΓBΔ°TAK UZAY
4642:EUTELSAT IGO
4538:Pan-European
4499:TΓBΔ°TAK UZAY
3958:Central Asia
3574:and pan-Arab
3449:Moon Society
3444:Mars Society
3377:Kill vehicle
3340:Space weapon
2946:Space forces
2587:Intersputnik
2223:ApolloβSoyuz
1961:space policy
1881:space policy
1836:
1817:space policy
1753:
1746:space policy
1711:space policy
1686:
1647:space policy
1630:space policy
1613:ApolloβSoyuz
1605:space policy
1578:Moon landing
1570:space policy
1550:space policy
1513:space policy
1466:
1444:space policy
1402:space policy
1376:
1338:Project Juno
976:
964:
934:
927:
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681:(1960β1975)
450:Space policy
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323:
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172:and actress
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144:Frank Borman
117:
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109:
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90:
84:
47:
45:
5486:Interkosmos
5460:Interkosmos
4566:Eurocontrol
4216:Antrix Corp
3572:Pan-African
3112:North Korea
3100:New Zealand
3088:Netherlands
2893:Space trade
2673:Moon Treaty
2332:(2013β2015)
2242:(1986β2001)
2219:(1974β1993)
2213:(1973β1977)
2207:(1971β1986)
2201:(1967β1991)
2199:Interkosmos
2178:(1964β1966)
2172:(1961β1976)
2166:(1960β1982)
2160:(1960β1963)
1699:Ride Report
1496:Missile gap
1368:(2018β2020)
1346:(2009β2010)
1323:(1964β1971)
1173:Eurocontrol
1067:(1992β2002)
991:(2015β2025)
978:BepiColombo
825:Space Rider
756:(1983β2010)
695:(1964β1975)
687:(1962β1973)
609:Project 921
592:(1966β1972)
586:(1966β1976)
519:Space races
253:Lori Garver
224:Space World
152:Buzz Aldrin
150:astronauts
124:John Denver
5502:Categories
5472:See also:
4185:South Asia
3789:USSPACECOM
3397:Spaceplane
2138:Khrushchev
1687:Challenger
1442:Eisenhower
903:Cluster II
500:Spaceguard
490:Prediction
244:L5 Society
142:astronaut
97:Hugh Downs
67:L5 Society
29:L5 Society
5140:Roscosmos
5128:KazCosmos
5092:ArmCosmos
4793:DTU Space
4755:BIRA-IASB
4702:EU SatCen
4461:KACST-SRI
4358:ArmCosmos
4344:West Asia
4017:East Asia
3984:Roscosmos
3972:KazCosmos
3942:Pan-Asian
3206:Structure
2958:Australia
2617:Space law
2480:UN-SPIDER
2255:Roscosmos
2233:Gorbachev
1166:Eurospace
602:2007 test
549:Mars race
495:Avoidance
165:Star Trek
148:Apollo 11
5365:UNCOPUOS
4676:DG DEFIS
4637:EUMETSAT
3689:Americas
3595:National
3160:Thailand
3124:Pakistan
3006:Colombia
2302:Medvedev
2291:Politics
2277:(1993β)
2186:Brezhnev
1929:Title 51
1839:disaster
1837:Columbia
1781:Politics
1689:disaster
1095:(2021β)
1013:EnVision
958:Politics
929:Herschel
923:INTEGRAL
701:(1975β)
627:Tiangong
617:Shenzhou
611:(1992β)
598:(1964β)
537:Timeline
389:Ad Astra
310:Ad Astra
295:Ad Astra
268:See also
261:Ad Astra
216:Ben Bova
192:magazine
168:creator
140:Apollo 8
120:Bob Hope
81:Founding
5326:ISS MCB
5220:Oceania
4995:PTSPACE
4961:CBK PAN
4623:ESTRACK
4549:CENELEC
4252:SUPARCO
4199:SPARRSO
4036:SASTIND
3753:FAA/AST
3586:Arabsat
3220:Vietnam
3201:History
3030:Germany
2354:ExoMars
2263:Yeltsin
2195:(1967β)
2123:(1946)
2106:program
2044:FAA/AST
1744:Clinton
1548:Johnson
1511:Kennedy
1452:WS-117L
1299:British
1073:(2002β)
917:Rosetta
898:Cluster
890:Huygens
857:ExoMars
796:(1998β)
790:(1973β)
762:(2005β)
655:(2016β)
644:(2003β)
630:program
620:program
574:Chinese
554:Records
214:editor
5386:Former
5377:UNOOSA
5279:COSPAR
4750:BELSPO
4531:Europe
4323:GISTDA
4299:PhilSA
4164:SaTReC
4066:PLAASF
3734:NESDIS
3664:NASRDA
3581:RASCOM
3565:Africa
3360:Russia
3289:
3244:France
3172:Turkey
3136:Russia
3064:Israel
3018:France
2982:Canada
2970:Brazil
2832:Russia
2716:(2020)
2710:(2012)
2704:(1999)
2693:(1998)
2687:(1988)
2681:(1981)
2675:(1979)
2669:(1976)
2663:(1975)
2657:(1974)
2651:(1972)
2645:(1972)
2639:(1968)
2633:(1967)
2627:(1963)
2225:(1975)
2152:(1957)
2114:Stalin
2102:Soviet
2027:NESDIS
1645:Reagan
1628:Carter
1593:Skylab
1400:Truman
1352:(2010)
1340:(1991)
1329:(1985)
1317:(1962)
1311:(1958)
1028:ATHENA
1018:CHEOPS
1003:Euclid
936:Planck
910:Newton
391:Online
328:(1975)
238:Merger
88:ABC-TV
50:was a
5436:NASDA
5353:ITU-R
5341:ODCWG
5321:ISECG
5311:ICSMD
5269:CCSDS
5262:World
5239:CSIRO
5078:Other
4971:KRRiT
4956:POLSA
4726:BEREC
4688:EUSPA
4608:ECSAT
4603:ESRIN
4593:ESTEC
4517:MBRSC
4513:UAESA
4406:NEHSA
4394:IRIAF
4275:LAPAN
4071:CASIC
4060:CGWIC
3949:APSCO
3850:CONAE
3676:SANSA
3652:GSSTC
3640:ESSTI
3626:NARSS
3355:India
3350:China
3291:NORAD
3268:Italy
3256:India
3148:Spain
3076:Japan
3041:Iran
2994:China
2820:India
2470:ITU-R
2345:Mars
2323:Putin
2211:Almaz
2104:space
1959:Trump
1879:Obama
1568:Nixon
1043:SMILE
1023:JUICE
1008:ARIEL
820:PRIDE
280:Notes
95:host
92:20/20
5412:KCST
5400:BNSC
5331:ITSO
5316:IMSO
5306:IADC
5284:IPDA
5274:CEOS
5253:NZSA
5207:UKSA
5195:SSAU
5150:VVKO
5104:MAKA
5069:SNSA
5019:INTA
5007:ROSA
4944:NOSA
4920:SRON
4817:CNES
4769:SRTI
4714:EASA
4659:and
4618:ESOC
4613:ESAC
4588:ECSS
4571:ECAC
4559:ETSI
4554:CEPT
4480:GORS
4442:NCSR
4423:ISRC
4382:NSSA
4370:MAKA
4335:VNSC
4311:SSTL
4287:MYSA
4226:NRSC
4211:ISRO
4176:TASA
4150:KASI
4145:KARI
4140:KASA
4128:NATA
4116:NICT
4090:ISAS
4085:JAXA
4051:CAST
4046:CALT
4041:CASC
4031:CNSA
4008:TNSA
3935:Asia
3920:IVIC
3915:ABAE
3884:INPE
3879:DCTA
3826:ALCE
3777:USSF
3722:NASA
3621:EgSA
3609:ASAL
3280:NATO
3050:IRGC
2054:IEEE
1854:ESAS
1603:Ford
1427:RAND
1033:LISA
966:Gaia
908:XMM-
877:SOHO
220:Omni
212:Omni
207:Omni
190:Omni
154:and
46:The
5448:SSP
5424:NAL
5301:GSC
5296:GEO
5234:ASA
5176:TUA
5164:SSO
5145:SRI
5116:BSA
5057:AEE
5045:EAE
5031:AEC
4981:ULC
4976:ORO
4966:UKE
4932:NSO
4908:LSO
4896:LSA
4884:ASI
4872:HSO
4860:HSA
4848:DLR
4834:CdE
4829:AAE
4805:ESO
4781:CSO
4738:ALR
4661:EEA
4647:ESO
4598:EAC
4583:ESA
4545:CEN
4494:TUA
4475:SSA
4456:SSA
4437:ISA
4418:ISA
4240:DSA
4221:DoS
4104:JSS
4056:CCF
3989:SRI
3903:CCE
3889:ITA
3874:AEB
3862:ABE
3838:AEM
3801:NRO
3765:FCC
3739:OSC
3710:CSA
3045:AJA
2275:ISS
2240:Mir
2049:NRO
2039:FCC
1766:ISS
230:by
202:ght
200:NSI
5504::
4657:EU
3994:VK
234:.
176:.
162:,
158:,
146:,
138:,
77:.
4547:/
4519:)
4515:(
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1200:/
426:e
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412:v
198:I
20:.
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