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67:
20:
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in the U.S. Senate in 1980 ("... L-5 took on the biggest political fight of its short life, and won"). Specifically, L5 Society activists campaigned for awareness of the provisions against any form of sovereignty or private property in outer space that would make space colonization impossible and the
258:
Although economic analysis indicated the SPS/space colony concept had merit, it foundered on short political and economic horizons and the fact that the transport cost to space was about 300 times too high for individuals to fund when compared to the
221:
The
Hensons incorporated the L5 Society in August 1975, and sent its first 4-page newsletter in September to a sign up list from the conference and O'Neill's mailing list. The first newsletter included a letter of support from
203:. The Hensons corresponded with O'Neill and were invited to present a paper on "Closed Ecosystems of High Agricultural Yield" at the 1975 Princeton Conference on Space Manufacturing Facilities, which was organized by O'Neill.
451:
394:
was published from
September 1975 until April 1987, when the merger with the National Space Institute was completed and the newly formed National Space Society began publication of its own magazine,
967:
195:
in
September 1974. A number of people who later became leaders of the L5 Society got their first exposure to the idea from this article. Among these were a couple from Tucson, Arizona,
670:(December 5, 1975). "Space Colonies and Energy Supply to the Earth: Manufacturing facilities in high orbit could be used to build satellite solar power stations from lunar materials".
972:
992:
461:
578:
987:
962:
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426:
310:
411:
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226:(then a contender for US president) and said "our clearly stated long range goal will be to disband the Society in a mass meeting at L
772:
825:
789:
723:
546:
416:
247:. Leigh Ratiner "played the key role in the lobbying effort, although he had energetic help from L-5 activists, notably
947:
318:
957:
431:
817:
704:
538:
329:
135:) will remain there indefinitely without having to expend fuel to keep its position, whereas an object placed at
810:
The
Visioneers: How a Group of Elite Scientists Pursued Space Colonies, Nanotechnologies, and a Limitless Future
873:
291:
51:
852:
353:
74:
in a two-body system, with one body far more massive than the other (e.g. Earth and Moon). In this system L
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O'Neill's first published paper on the subject, "The
Colonization of Space", appeared in the magazine
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44:
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552:
494:
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715:
303:
252:
182:
40:
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In 1986, the L5 Society, which had grown to about 10,000 members, merged with the 25,000 member
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768:
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357:
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While the L5 Society failed to achieve the goal of human settlements in space, it served as a
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703:
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71:
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will appear to share the secondary's orbit, although they are situated slightly outside it.
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156:(all points of unstable equilibrium) may have to expend fuel if it drifts off the point.
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provisions against any alteration of the environment of any celestial body prohibiting
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36:
685:
774:
Great Mambo
Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly over the Edge
239:
19:
889:
120:
are points of stable gravitational equilibrium located along the path of the
452:"Death Of A Sci-Fi Dream: Free-Floating Space Colonies Hit Economic Reality"
341:
739:
345:
337:
586:
531:
Reaching for the High
Frontier: The American Pro-Space Movement, 1972–84
931:
275:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
456:
878:
168:
101:
65:
18:
573:. Second Princeton/AIAA/NASA Conference on Space Manufacturing.
332:
for many of the people who later became known in fields such as
314:
307:
279:
105:
569:(May 7–9, 1975). "The Space Manufacturing Facility Concept".
298:. The National Space Institute had been founded in 1972 by
879:
Chapters.nss.org: National Space
Society Chapters Network
881:
Resources for NSS chapters, members and space activists.
843:
702:(January 1, 1979). "Pilgrims, Saints and Spacemen".
108:system proposed as locations for the huge rotating
579:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
386:was the newsletter of the L5 Society reporting on
238:The peak of L5's influence was the defeat of the
968:Scientific societies based in the United States
571:Space Manufacturing Facilities: Space Colonies
890:1979 UN Declaration on the Moon (Moon Treaty)
520:
518:
516:
8:
973:Scientific organizations established in 1975
993:1987 disestablishments in the United States
861:
395:
390:development and related space issues. The
610:. No. I. L-5 Society. September 1975
988:1975 establishments in the United States
488:Brandt-Erichsen, David (November 1994).
274:
50:In 1987, the L5 Society merged with the
442:
282:concept art from 2001 of an envisioned
206:At this conference, O'Neill merged the
963:International scientific organizations
7:
983:Organizations disestablished in 1987
483:
481:
479:
412:List of objects at Lagrangian points
311:V-2 rocket/ballistic missile program
271:Merger with National Space Institute
16:Society promoting space colonization
601:"A Newsletter from the L-5 Society"
127:An object placed in orbit around L
14:
978:Organizations established in 1975
490:"Brief History of the L5 Society"
450:Dorminey, Bruce (July 31, 2012).
124:, 60 degrees ahead or behind it.
525:Michaud, Michael A. G. (1986).
527:"Chapter 5: O'Neills Children"
417:Home on Lagrange (The L5 Song)
1:
23:The original L5 Society logo.
953:Space advocacy organizations
716:Harper & Row, Publishers
686:10.1126/science.190.4218.943
498:. No. Nov.-Dec., 1994.
427:Space advocacy organizations
319:Marshall Space Flight Center
740:"NSS Mission & History"
70:A diagram showing the five
1009:
846:NSS−National Space Society
818:Princeton University Press
294:, to form the present-day
112:that O'Neill envisioned. L
432:Space colonization topics
173:Artist's conception of a
100:Lagrangian points in the
292:National Space Institute
86:The name comes from the
52:National Space Institute
706:Disturbing the Universe
354:artificial intelligence
31:was founded in 1975 by
862:
748:National Space Society
654:National Space Society
620:National Space Society
500:National Space Society
396:
296:National Space Society
287:
186:
165:Founding of L5 Society
83:
56:National Space Society
24:
874:NSS Worldwide website
555:on December 10, 2016.
284:lunar mining facility
278:
208:Solar Power Satellite
172:
69:
22:
808:(December 9, 2012).
718:. pp. 118–126.
638:"Moon Treaty Update"
422:Planetary chauvinism
302:, the former German
948:Space organizations
587:10.2514/6.1975-2002
958:Space colonization
885:NSS Chapters Story
860:online edition of
844:NSS.org: Official
806:McCray, W. Patrick
668:O'Neill, Gerard K.
567:O'Neill, Gerard K.
539:Praeger Publishers
288:
253:Christine Peterson
187:
84:
25:
680:(4218): 943–947.
464:on August 7, 2012
358:tether propulsion
325:program manager.
300:Wernher von Braun
72:Lagrangian points
45:Gerard K. O'Neill
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710:(1st ed.).
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551:. Archived from
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469:
460:. Archived from
447:
401:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
997:
938:
937:
930:NSS.org: 1980s
855:Ad Astra Online
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634:Henson, Carolyn
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448:
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362:K. Eric Drexler
304:rocket engineer
273:
265:Mormon colonies
236:
229:
210:(SPS) ideas of
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134:
130:
119:
115:
98:
91:
81:
77:
64:
39:to promote the
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925:NSS.org: 1979
923:
920:NSS.org: 1978
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915:NSS.org: 1977
913:
910:NSS.org: 1976
908:
905:NSS.org: 1975
900:
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893:
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882:
876:
871:
850:
839:
838:External links
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833:
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797:
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782:Addison-Wesley
760:
731:
724:
700:Dyson, Freeman
691:
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636:(March 1980).
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379:
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366:Robert Forward
334:nanotechnology
323:Project Apollo
306:of the WW II
272:
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197:Carolyn Meinel
179:Stanford torus
166:
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110:space habitats
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33:Carolyn Meinel
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896:L5 News index
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814:Princeton, NJ
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791:0-201-09258-1
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744:space.nss.org
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725:9780060111083
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753:December 21,
751:. Retrieved
743:
734:
705:
694:
677:
671:
662:
652:– via
648:December 21,
646:. Retrieved
644:. L5 Society
641:
628:
618:– via
614:December 21,
612:. Retrieved
607:
595:
570:
561:
553:the original
535:Westport, CT
530:
505:December 17,
503:. Retrieved
493:
468:December 17,
466:. Retrieved
462:the original
455:
445:
391:
383:
381:
376:
370:Hans Moravec
342:extropianism
327:
289:
257:
249:Eric Drexler
245:terraforming
237:
224:Morris Udall
220:
212:Peter Glaser
205:
201:Keith Henson
190:
188:
126:
122:Moon's orbit
85:
54:to form the
49:
41:space colony
37:Keith Henson
28:
26:
330:focal point
240:Moon Treaty
234:Moon Treaty
177:called the
942:Categories
548:0275921514
438:References
360:, such as
218:concepts.
29:L5 Society
853:NSS.org:
769:Regis, Ed
313:, and of
214:with his
183:Don Davis
43:ideas of
868:magazine
864:Ad Astra
771:(1990).
712:New York
608:L-5 News
495:Ad Astra
406:See also
398:Ad Astra
346:cryonics
338:memetics
848:website
673:Science
642:L5 News
392:L5 News
384:L5 News
377:L5 News
160:History
824:
788:
722:
545:
457:Forbes
368:, and
356:, and
778:(PDF)
604:(PDF)
181:, by
131:(or L
116:and L
102:Earth
822:ISBN
786:ISBN
755:2022
720:ISBN
650:2022
616:2022
543:ISBN
507:2018
470:2018
382:The
321:and
315:NASA
308:Nazi
280:NASA
263:and
251:and
199:and
106:Moon
93:and
62:Name
35:and
27:The
682:doi
678:190
583:doi
317:'s
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230:."
149:or
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780:.
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742:.
714::
676:.
640:.
606:.
581:.
577::
541:.
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529:.
515:^
492:.
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454:.
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