218:
206:
452:
563:. Fossil fuel industry interests spend many times as much on advancing their agenda in the halls of power than do ordinary citizens and environmental activists, with the former spending $ 2 billion in the years 2000–2016 on climate change lobbying in the United States. Big Oil companies often adopt "sustainability principles" that are at odds with the policy agenda their lobbyists advocate, which often entails sowing doubt about the reality and impacts of climate change and forestalling government efforts to address them. API launched a
421:
2965:
2953:
2929:
31:
2917:
2941:
578:. Fossil fuel industry political contributions reward politicians who vote against environmental protections. According to a study published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, as voting by a member of Congress turned more anti-environment, as measured by his/her voting record as scored by the
741:, which are the two largest pipeline companies in Canada, met with cabinet ministers 52 times between 2011 and 2012. Since 2008, the Canadian Energy Pipelines Association (CEPA) "met with public office holders 367 percent more times than the two major Canadian automotive industry associations."
697:
From 2011 to 2018, fossil fuel industry lobbyists recorded 11,452 lobbying contacts with government officials. This is significantly higher than other industries and averages out to six lobbying contacts per day. Fossil fuel lobbyists contacted government officials five times more than non-government
724:
withdrew its membership from the
Canadian association of petroleum producers, which is a lobbying group that represents the oil and natural gas producers in Canada. They withdrew after writing off US$ 7 billion of oil sands assets in Alberta because of the high production costs. Total SA stated they
709:(CAPP) is an advocacy group for energy companies in Canada. CAPP states that their vision is to "enhance Canada's prosperity by enabling responsible growth of Canada's upstream oil and natural gas industry." A large portion of CAPP's membership is made up of oil refineries which harvest oil from the
78:
and other transportation. Because of their wealth and the importance of energy, transport and chemical industries to local, national and international economies, these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence on governmental policy. In particular, the lobbies have
582:(LCV), the fossil fuel industry contributions that this member of Congress received increased. On average, a 10% decrease in the LCV score was correlated with an increase of $ 1,700 in campaign contributions from the industry for the campaign following the Congressional term.
701:
Canada's
Lobbyist Act does not require companies to disclose how much money they spend on lobbying the Canadian government, and does not require companies to register lobbyists that interact with government officials who hold a title less than assistant deputy minister.
768:
pipeline project, spent $ 500,000 in a single legislative session lobbying
Nebraska state senators. While U.S. law forbids foreign companies and individuals from making political contributions, TransCanada officially made the contributions through its U.S. subsidiary.
744:
Included in the list of lobbyists for Big Oil in Canada are former government employees. Over the last 10 years this list has included Brenda Kenny, who served 10 years with the
National Energy Board, Paul Cheliak, a former economist for Natural Resources Canada, and
837:, to move away from the plan which originally had binding, carbon-cutting goals for each individual member state. Shell argued instead for gas expansion in Europe, because they believed it would save 500 billion euros in a transition to a low carbon energy system.
406:
In 2023 the
Australian Energy Council lobbied against adding an environmental component to the National Electricity Objective. Reforms to the Safeguard Mechanism were lobbied against by Australian Energy Producers and the Minerals Council of Australia.
624:
executives for the company's 'active involvement' in helping to determine climate change policy, and also seeking its advice on what climate change policies the company might find acceptable." In
November 2005, documents revealed that Vice President
573:
The fossil fuel industry spends large amounts of money on
American political campaigns, with about 2/3 of its political contributions over the past several decades fueling Republican politicians, and outspending many fold political contributions for
94:
Lobbies are active in most fossil-fuel intensive economies with democratic governance, with reporting on the lobbies most prominent in Canada, Australia, the United States and Europe, however the lobbies are present in many parts of the world.
183:
Those corporations that continue to invest in new fossil fuel exploration, new fossil fuel exploitation, are really in flagrant breach of their fiduciary duty because the science is abundantly clear that this is something we can no longer
806:. There have been 327 high-level meetings between the EU and Big Oil and Gas since 2014, this averages to more than one meeting a week. In the EU, there are 200 lobbyists working on behalf of the top five oil and gas companies. The
2039:
Yale
Climate Connections, 6 January 2020 The figures listed in this article include only known industry spending at the federal level; they do not include political contributions at the state and local levels and "dark money"
393:
keep reporting record profits while increasing emissions or more cancer causing chemicals from their refineries." The energy lobby has been criticized by environmentalists for using its influence to try to block or dilute
466:, over $ 34 million was contributed, with 78% of that money going to Republicans. In 2004, oil and gas companies contributed over $ 25 million to political campaigns, donating 80% of that money to Republicans. In the
266:"which protects life, health, climate and the biosphere from emissions." According to the organization, these same "reactionary energy lobby groups tried to boycott this Charter with the help from oil- and
649:
oilfields, refineries and other energy infrastructure, and two charts detailing Iraqi oil and gas projects, and "Foreign
Suitors for Iraqi Oilfield Contracts." The documents are dated two years before the
1914:
810:
was the #1 most lobbied topic at the
European Union in the first 100 days of the European Green Deal being implemented on 11 December 2019, accounting for one-fifth of all high-level lobby meetings.
143:, formerly known as the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA), has significant influence in Canberra and helps to maintain favorable policy settings for Oil and Gas.
478:. Electric utilities also heavily favor Republicans; their contributions have recently ranged between $ 15–20 million. From 2003 to 2006, the energy lobby also contributed $ 58.3 million to
1990:
1075:
532:
1579:
613:
2053:
725:
left CAPP because of a "misalignment between the organization's public positions and those expressed in Total's climate ambition statement announced in May", according to jwnenergy.com.
1353:
670:
returning to Republican control in 2023, many fossil fuel industry lobbyists have been given key staff jobs, including positions as chiefs of staff to House Natural Resources Chairman
2593:
756:
From 2000 to 2018, oil production in Canada increased by 80%, but the royalties paid by the sector decreased by 63%. In addition, the taxes paid by the oil companies was cut in half.
536:
1632:
1816:
298:
and still ignores the Charter." It is estimated that during the 2010s the five biggest oil and gas companies, and their industry groups, spent at least €251 million lobbying the
193:
602:. Lobbying continued after the Bush administration. In June 2005, documents emerged that revealed that the Bush administration had consulted Exxon regarding its stance on the
2729:
1895:
313:
1952:
1099:
1933:
1379:
1487:
1015:
1056:
1633:"EIP: Worst oil refineries produce significantly more carcinogenic air pollution than other facilities, raising questions about consistency of oil industry reporting"
1859:
641:
were not allowed access to the Energy Task Force's activities, which was responsible for developing a national energy policy. Oil companies also participated with
2005:
2254:
386:
251:
2404:
1911:
1427:
2651:
2187:
2793:
2739:
2586:
1874:"Fossil Fuel Groups Step Up Lobbying of SEC to Dilute Climate Reporting Rules—Oil And Gas Industry Stiffens Resistance to Tougher New Environmental Regime"
706:
2779:
2356:
2089:
2481:
1971:
1170:
1912:"Fossil Fuel Big Five 'Spent €251m Lobbying EU' Since 2010; Report Comes Amid Calls for Set Up of Firewall to Protect Politics from Industry Influence"
2507:
151:
2611:
1768:
1742:
1115:
494:
159:
1987:
1072:
958:
3030:
3025:
2816:
2050:
2990:
2861:
2789:
2579:
764:
Canada's oil lobbyists spend money outside of Canada to further international agreements. In 2015, lobbyists for TransCanada, the owner of the
1691:
1342:
2647:
1876:
898:
309:
217:
2625:
2242:"As Republicans Take Control Of the House, Natural Resources Committee And House Leadership Hire Oil Lobbyists To Fill Top Staff Positions"
467:
353:
1643:
1144:
3005:
2868:
2823:
2769:
2754:
2713:
1811:
1550:
1796:
2846:
2024:
825:
government as early as 2011 to undermine European renewable energy targets, according to The Guardian. They had several meetings with
2873:
2851:
2841:
2734:
2693:
2165:
1329:
733:
In 2012 alone, 27 different energy companies and eight industry associations engaged in lobbying the Canadian parliament in Ottawa.
1892:
713:. CAPP estimates that the oil sands industry will pay about $ 8 billion in taxes over the next six years. The President of CAPP is
2335:
1949:
1606:
1096:
2878:
2828:
2811:
2806:
2764:
2703:
2683:
2673:
2241:
1930:
548:
475:
471:
456:
167:
2529:
2171:
1228:
2801:
1371:
1255:
374:
3010:
3000:
1053:
913:
205:
1520:
717:, who previously served as the Minister of Trade and Minister of Rural and Remote Health for the province of Saskatchewan.
2749:
2602:
2357:"Oil and gas lobby's wish list would increase Canadian greenhouse gas emissions by 116 million tonnes, according to study"
918:
786:
over climate policies since 2010. These lobbyists represent a total of 200 organizations. Some of these companies include
667:
599:
579:
490:
463:
633:
met with executives from large oil companies, although chief executives of those companies denied involvement before the
349:
show that they have made contingency business models plans for warming of more than 3 °C of global warming in 2050.
2145:
1834:
1717:
1391:
878:
517:
128:
2002:
323:
lobby with the words: why not 'light up' the dark zones of the world by 'extinguishing some of the candles' in yours?"
3015:
2985:
2072:
883:
540:
271:
228:
140:
2907:
2630:
2430:
928:
888:
451:
395:
938:
2383:
2001:" spending) by the oil and gas industry on Washington lobbyists for the year 2021 is available at: Open Secrets
520:(API), have spent large amounts of money every year on lobbying and political campaigns, and employ hundreds of
852:
255:
236:
80:
2214:
1968:
470:
cycle, oil and gas companies contributed over $ 19 million to political campaigns. 82% of that money went to
2933:
1580:"BP and Shell planning for catastrophic 5°C global warming despite publicly backing Paris climate agreement"
989:
783:
556:
500:
In 2022, approximately $ 125.05 million was spent by the fossil fuel industry to influence the government.
263:
170:, to try to roll back existing regulations or justify new fossil fuel development. Lobbyists try to retain
2119:
903:
1833:
A 501tax-exempt; Street, charitable organization 1100 13th; NW; Washington, Suite 800; Dc 20005857-0044.
1772:
1746:
1200:
594:
involving prominent politicians have drawn attention to the close links between the energy lobby and the
570:
campaign with the aim of creating doubt in the public mind so that "climate change becomes a non-issue."
2995:
2969:
2657:
1461:"Canadian fossil fuel industry exerts 'consistent and steady' pressure on government: report – 660 NEWS"
966:
893:
675:
651:
373:
in the United States, with Conoco, Exxon, and General Electric ranking in the top six. According to the
171:
531:, and in other political centers, and have scored key political appointments in the administrations of
2894:
2833:
2698:
933:
846:
655:
147:
84:
2560:
855:
was said by opposition MP Ali Öztunç to be still operating without filters due to company lobbying.
834:
830:
826:
807:
795:
710:
189:
116:
1873:
1288:
1460:
923:
483:
267:
55:
2964:
2068:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 10 March 2020
302:
over climate policies. Lobbying was also influential in Canada and Australia during the 2010s.
3020:
1853:
1495:
1435:
1325:
1263:
1023:
818:
791:
630:
513:
346:
247:
224:
163:
132:
71:
67:
369:
As of 2015, many of the most influential members of the energy lobby have been among the top
2945:
2642:
1793:
908:
638:
617:
575:
564:
528:
320:
136:
2545:
2021:
1669:
2957:
2175:
2076:
2057:
2028:
2009:
1994:
1975:
1956:
1937:
1918:
1899:
1880:
1820:
1800:
1584:
1229:"US fossil fuel industry leaps on Russia's invasion of Ukraine to argue for more drilling"
1103:
1079:
1060:
671:
595:
338:
155:
1969:"Why Has the E.P.A. Shifted on Toxic Chemicals? An Industry Insider Helps Call the Shots"
211:
Globally, net income of the oil and gas industry reached a record US$ 4 trillion in 2022.
162:
has been criticised. The lobby is known for exploiting international crises, such as the
1016:"Top oil firms spending millions lobbying to block climate change policies, says report"
434:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2744:
2565:
2220:
2193:
1610:
822:
750:
603:
567:
378:
306:
299:
295:
246:
The energy lobby has a history of conflict with international interests and democratic
120:
88:
2952:
1988:"Fossil Fuel Interests Have Outspent Environmental Advocates 10:1 on Climate Lobbying"
1073:"Fossil Fuel Interests Have Outspent Environmental Advocates 10:1 on Climate Lobbying"
2979:
2921:
2708:
2168:
2097:
1488:"Fossil-fuel industry doubles donations to major parties in four years, report shows"
1321:
803:
678:
552:
357:
112:
2284:
2856:
2336:"Total writes off $ 9.3B in oilsands assets, cancels Canadian oil lobby membership"
2090:"Oil Lobby Paid Washington Post and Atlantic to Host Climate-Change Deniers at RNC"
1692:""We might get sued:" Fossil fuel lobby wants environmental objective watered down"
1313:
746:
714:
682:
608:
544:
275:
30:
2051:"Oil and Gas Industry Rewards U.S. Lawmakers Who Oppose Environmental Protections"
1201:"Oil and gas companies exploit coronavirus to roll back environmental regulations"
1116:"Gaslighting: How APPEA and its members continue to oppose genuine climate action"
352:
1171:"'Pushes us closer to the abyss': Former Azerbaijani oil executive to head COP29"
17:
2928:
2571:
1528:
765:
686:
642:
634:
626:
543:, was a former oil industry senior executive, and President Trump's most senior
508:
The largest oil and gas companies that are sometime collectively referred to as
124:
59:
51:
2070:"Oil and Gas Companies Invest in Legislators that Vote Against The Environment"
2635:
2561:
Three of Every Four Oil & Gas Lobbyists Worked for U.S. Federal Government
1998:
799:
749:, a convicted thief who served as the top policy analyst under prime minister
560:
479:
235:
of projects shut down in Russia, and backing off from earlier plans to reduce
227:, energy company profits increased with higher fuel prices resulting from the
100:
2431:"Big Oil and Gas buying influence in Brussels | Corporate Europe Observatory"
2255:"How influential is Canada's fossil fuel lobby on federal government policy?"
1499:
1439:
1387:
1267:
1027:
486:
interests contributed around half a million dollars in the same time period.
2916:
2759:
2688:
2456:
738:
521:
382:
370:
341:
aiming to limit global warming below 2 °C in 2100. Internal reports of
291:
287:
232:
104:
35:
2508:"Öztunç: "Paris İklim Anlaşması Tamam da, Filtresiz Santraller Ne Olacak?""
2069:
2384:"How TransCanada and 'dark money' groups pumped millions into Keystone XL"
1289:"Fossil fuel and agriculture handouts climb to $ 1.8tn a year, study says"
1388:"Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?"
959:"Why fossil fuel lobbyists are dominating climate policy during Covid-19"
734:
721:
75:
47:
782:
The five biggest oil and gas companies spent at least 251 million euros
1950:"Trump Nominates Coal Industry Lobbyist Andrew Wheeler To Help Run EPA"
1408:
1054:"How a Powerful U.S. Lobby Group Helps Big Oil to Block Climate Action"
591:
509:
96:
524:, to obstruct and delay government action to address climate change.
390:
327:
279:
259:
2482:"Shell lobbied to undermine EU renewables targets, documents reveal"
2169:(NRDC)'s Review of the Bush Administration Energy Task Force Records
2310:"CAPP | A Unified Voice for Canada's Upstream Oil and Gas Industry"
1145:"IPCC: We can tackle climate change if big oil gets out of the way"
2555:
2189:
Cheney Energy Task Force Documents Feature Map of Iraqi Oil Fields
621:
450:
385:
organization established in March 2002 by former attorneys at the
351:
331:
283:
29:
2774:
1893:"How The Fossil Fuel Lobby Is Hijacking The European Green Deal"
646:
598:, particularly the influence wielded by the energy lobby in the
63:
2575:
278:) in 1992, to continue this game in all Climate Conferences in
620:, between 2001 and 2004, the administration is found thanking
414:
356:
Refineries owned by energy companies produce large amounts of
337:
Publicly, fossil-fuel corporations say that they support the
2550:
274:
out of the Rio Conference on Environment & Development (
2530:"South Africa's coal lobby is resisting a green transition"
2405:"Fossil fuel big five 'spent €251m lobbying EU' since 2010"
1428:"Fossil fuel big five 'spent €251m lobbying EU' since 2010"
787:
342:
108:
1256:"Opinion. We're in a Fossil Fuel War. Biden Should Say So"
833:, Shell successfully lobbied Barroso and his predecessor,
1794:
http://www.followthemoney.org/press/Reports/200705231.pdf
614:
Under Secretary of State for Democracy and Global Affairs
612:, "In briefing papers given before meetings to the U.S.
2309:
319:, "One minister is said to have challenged the North's
254:
for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency the second
2905:
2285:"Canada's Petro Lobbyists Grow Faster than Pipelines"
2146:"Document Says Oil Chiefs Met With Cheney Task Force"
1931:"Bush’s Department of Interior: Sex, Drugs, and Oil?"
1384:â—Ź Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in
1352:. International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61.
258:"was sabotaged by the USA and oil lobbies" whereupon
194:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1718:"Fossil Fuels Climate Lobbying Update: October 2022"
2887:
2788:
2722:
2666:
2618:
1551:"636 fossil fuel lobbyists granted access to COP27"
1318:
Atmosphere of Hope. Solutions to the Climate Crisis
1091:
1089:
1087:
314:
International Institute for Sustainable Development
1403:
1401:
1048:
1046:
1044:
988:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche (5 November 2021).
527:The fossil fuel lobby has considerable clout in
146:The presence of major fossil fuel companies and
2455:EU, Transparency International (9 March 2020).
1409:"International Sustainable Energy Organization"
181:
150:at global forums for decision making, like the
2546:Lobbying Spending Database Oil & Gas, 2017
2144:Blum, Dana Milbank Justin (16 November 2005).
1670:"Global Warming & the Energy Corporations"
1199:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche (16 April 2020).
2587:
1813:Fossil Fuel Industry Ads Dominate TV Campaign
1372:"Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022"
365:Environmental impact of represented companies
270:-producing nations and succeeded to keep the
252:International Sustainable Energy Organization
27:Lobbying supporting the fossil fuels industry
8:
559:of one of largest of the Big Oil companies,
539:. President George W. Bush, like his father
474:candidates, while the remaining 18% went to
127:associated with the fossil fuels lobby. The
1858:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
814:Oil industry lobbying in the United Kingdom
778:Industry influence in European Union policy
707:Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers
504:Governmental influence in the United States
396:legislation regarding global climate change
2594:
2580:
2572:
1573:
1571:
990:"Lobbying threat to global climate action"
135:for Big Oil with significant influence in
2120:"Revealed: how oil giant influenced Bush"
1097:"Lobbying: Climate Change—Beware Hot Air"
455:Placard "Separate oil and state", at the
160:United Nations Climate Change conferences
152:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
79:been known to obstruct policy related to
760:Canadian oil industry's influence abroad
497:there was much spending by the lobbies.
2912:
1486:Knaus, Christopher (12 February 2020).
950:
1851:
66:), as well as related industries like
2667:Major industrial and business lobbies
2283:Nikiforuk, Andrew (5 December 2012).
2278:
2276:
2274:
1223:
1221:
1194:
1192:
899:ExxonMobil climate change controversy
330:, 636 fossil fuel lobbyists attended
310:Commission on Sustainable Development
7:
1690:Parkinson, Giles (7 February 2023).
1139:
1137:
720:In July 2020, French energy company
586:Bush administration links to Big Oil
2382:Anderson, Scott (8 November 2017).
2334:The Canadian Press (29 July 2020).
2216:Maps and Charts of Iraqi Oil Fields
1986:Yale Environment 360, 19 July 2019
1426:Laville, Sandra (24 October 2019).
1394:from the original on 22 April 2023.
1382:from the original on 31 March 2023.
1359:from the original on 7 August 2023.
1071:Yale Environment 360, 19 July 2019
25:
2166:Natural Resources Defense Council
2003:"Industry Profile: Oil & Gas"
1095:Reuters Events, 23 November 2015
1014:Laville, Sandra (22 March 2019).
645:'s task force in a discussion of
482:-level campaigns. By comparison,
389:, "companies like ExxonMobil and
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2253:Graham, Nicolas (January 2020).
2049:The Guardian, 24 February 2020
1967:New York Times, 21 October 2017
1835:"Oil & Gas Lobbying Profile"
1254:Manjoo, Farhad (24 March 2022).
759:
637:Energy and Commerce committees.
419:
216:
204:
168:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
50:of corporations involved in the
2457:"Transparency International EU"
1872:Financial Times, 2 August 2021
1640:Environmental Integrity Project
1578:Ben Chapman (27 October 2017).
1370:Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023).
868:There is a strong coal lobby.
821:gas company began lobbying the
491:United States elections in 2012
387:Environmental Protection Agency
375:Environmental Integrity Project
305:During the 14th session of the
3031:Lobbying in the United Kingdom
3026:Lobbying in the European Union
1910:The Guardian, 24 October 2019
1386:King, Ben (12 February 2023).
1343:"World Energy Investment 2023"
965:. 23 July 2020. Archived from
914:Lobbying in the United Kingdom
729:Government influence in Canada
294:, where the USA boycotted the
1:
2991:Lobbying in the United States
2603:Lobbying in the United States
2461:Transparency International EU
2088:Emmons, Alex (21 July 2016).
1997:; Known spending (excluding "
919:Lobbying in the United States
698:environmental organizations.
668:U.S. House of Representatives
580:League of Conservation Voters
533:U.S. President George W. Bush
457:People's Climate March (2017)
192:, executive secretary of the
1948:Legal Reader, 26 July 2017,
1929:Think Progress, 20 May 2010
1891:Open Democracy, 8 July 2020
879:American Petroleum Institute
654:, and six months before the
518:American Petroleum Institute
129:American Petroleum Institute
2118:Vidal, John (8 June 2005).
1052:The Guardian, 19 July 2021
884:Australian Coal Association
784:lobbying the European Union
656:11 September attacks (9/11)
541:President George H. W. Bush
229:Russian invasion of Ukraine
141:Australian Energy Producers
3047:
3006:Politics of climate change
2723:Major single-issue lobbies
2631:Political action committee
929:Politics of climate change
889:Global warming controversy
844:
2609:
939:Tobacco industry playbook
428:This section needs to be
2075:6 September 2021 at the
2056:6 September 2021 at the
2008:6 September 2021 at the
1993:6 September 2021 at the
1917:4 September 2020 at the
1879:6 September 2021 at the
1819:25 February 2017 at the
1102:6 September 2021 at the
1078:6 September 2021 at the
1059:6 September 2021 at the
853:coal-fired power station
662:House of Representatives
256:World Climate Conference
237:greenhouse gas emissions
81:environmental protection
2027:1 November 2020 at the
1974:22 October 2017 at the
1936:21 October 2021 at the
231:, falling debt levels,
156:Paris Climate Agreement
1955:7 January 2023 at the
1898:7 January 2023 at the
904:Fossil fuel divestment
537:President Donald Trump
459:
361:
262:proceeded to set up a
198:
148:national oil companies
123:are among the largest
39:
3011:Lobbying in Australia
3001:Climate change denial
2658:Legislative scorecard
1799:26 March 2009 at the
894:Fossil fuel subsidies
676:House Majority Leader
652:2003 invasion of Iraq
495:presidential election
454:
355:
264:Global Energy Charter
172:fossil fuel subsidies
33:
2895:Congressional caucus
1743:"Electric Utilities"
1324:, 2015, pp. 123–24 (
934:The Petroleum Papers
847:Coal power in Turkey
711:oil sands of Alberta
547:official, his first
250:. According to the
85:environmental health
48:paid representatives
2435:corporateeurope.org
2174:5 July 2007 at the
1465:www.660citynews.com
835:Jean-Claude Juncker
831:Jose Manuel Barroso
827:European Commission
808:European Green Deal
600:Bush administration
493:which includes the
312:, according to the
190:Christiana Figueres
117:Chevron Corporation
3016:Lobbying in Canada
2986:Petroleum politics
2745:Federal leadership
2563:– video report by
2223:, 14 February 2012
1467:. 11 November 2019
1260:The New York Times
1235:. 26 February 2022
924:Petroleum politics
851:In October 2021 a
549:Secretary of State
484:alternative energy
460:
362:
158:negotiations, and
99:companies such as
44:fossil fuels lobby
40:
34:Petrol station in
2903:
2902:
2862:Anti-Israel lobby
2838:
2411:. 24 October 2019
1823:13 September 2012
1613:on 1 October 2011
639:Environmentalists
631:Energy Task Force
514:industry lobbyist
449:
448:
326:According to the
272:energy transition
248:global governance
225:COVID-19 pandemic
164:COVID-19 pandemic
133:industry lobbyist
18:Natural gas lobby
16:(Redirected from
3038:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2934:Renewable energy
2932:
2931:
2920:
2919:
2911:
2836:
2648:Campaign finance
2643:527 organization
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2556:Follow The Money
2534:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:. 7 October 2019
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2331:
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2320:
2306:
2300:
2299:
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2295:
2280:
2269:
2268:
2266:
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2259:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2184:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2094:theintercept.com
2085:
2079:
2066:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2018:
2012:
1984:
1978:
1965:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
1889:
1883:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1775:on 21 April 2008
1771:. Archived from
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:on 21 April 2008
1745:. Archived from
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1642:. Archived from
1637:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1609:. Archived from
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1527:. Archived from
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1451:
1450:
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1405:
1396:
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1301:
1299:
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1242:
1240:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1177:. 7 January 2024
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1093:
1082:
1069:
1063:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
955:
909:Greenhouse Mafia
618:Paula Dobriansky
576:renewable energy
565:public relations
529:Washington, D.C.
444:
441:
435:
423:
422:
415:
321:renewable energy
220:
208:
196:
137:Washington, D.C.
21:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2883:
2784:
2718:
2694:Organized labor
2662:
2626:Direct lobbying
2614:
2605:
2600:
2551:Corporate Watch
2542:
2537:
2532:. 19 June 2023.
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2488:. 27 April 2015
2480:
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2293:
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2262:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2240:Accountable.US
2239:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:Wayback Machine
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2077:Wayback Machine
2067:
2063:
2058:Wayback Machine
2048:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2029:Wayback Machine
2022:"Oil & Gas"
2019:
2015:
2010:Wayback Machine
1995:Wayback Machine
1985:
1981:
1976:Wayback Machine
1966:
1962:
1957:Wayback Machine
1947:
1943:
1938:Wayback Machine
1928:
1924:
1919:Wayback Machine
1909:
1905:
1900:Wayback Machine
1890:
1886:
1881:Wayback Machine
1871:
1867:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1821:Wayback Machine
1810:
1806:
1801:Wayback Machine
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1769:"Oil & Gas"
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:Administrator.
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1585:The Independent
1577:
1576:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1531:on 3 March 2016
1521:"IISD Bulletin"
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1484:
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1470:
1468:
1459:
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1399:
1385:
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1345:
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1336:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
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1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1104:Wayback Machine
1094:
1085:
1080:Wayback Machine
1070:
1066:
1061:Wayback Machine
1051:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
969:on 4 April 2023
957:
956:
952:
948:
943:
874:
866:
861:
849:
843:
816:
780:
775:
762:
731:
695:
672:Bruce Westerman
664:
606:. According to
596:U.S. government
588:
506:
445:
439:
436:
433:
424:
420:
413:
404:
367:
339:Paris Agreement
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
233:tax write-downs
221:
213:
212:
209:
197:
188:
180:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3044:
3042:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:Global warming
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2798:
2796:
2794:ethnic lobbies
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2755:Foreign policy
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Administration
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2714:Transportation
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Pharmaceutical
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2566:Democracy Now!
2558:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2540:External links
2538:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2499:
2473:
2447:
2422:
2396:
2374:
2348:
2326:
2301:
2270:
2245:
2233:
2221:Judicial Watch
2206:
2196:, 17 July 2003
2194:Judicial Watch
2179:
2158:
2136:
2110:
2080:
2061:
2042:
2032:
2013:
1979:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1865:
1825:
1804:
1786:
1760:
1734:
1716:InfluenceMap.
1708:
1682:
1660:
1624:
1598:
1567:
1555:Global Witness
1542:
1512:
1478:
1452:
1418:
1413:www.uniseo.org
1397:
1362:
1334:
1305:
1280:
1246:
1217:
1188:
1162:
1151:. 5 April 2022
1133:
1122:. 14 June 2021
1107:
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865:
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860:
857:
842:
839:
823:United Kingdom
815:
812:
779:
776:
774:
771:
761:
758:
751:Stephen Harper
730:
727:
694:
691:
663:
660:
604:Kyoto Protocol
587:
584:
568:disinformation
505:
502:
464:2000 elections
447:
446:
427:
425:
418:
412:
409:
403:
400:
366:
363:
307:United Nations
300:European Union
296:Kyoto protocol
222:
215:
214:
210:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
186:
179:
176:
139:In Australia,
131:is a powerful
121:ConocoPhillips
89:climate action
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3043:
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3019:
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3007:
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2999:
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2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:(Anti Castro)
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
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2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Environmental
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
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2707:
2705:
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2641:
2637:
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2627:
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2608:
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2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
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2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2509:
2503:
2500:
2487:
2483:
2477:
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2426:
2423:
2410:
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2397:
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2349:
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2256:
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2210:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2183:
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2170:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2099:
2098:The Intercept
2095:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2020:Open Secrets
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
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1942:
1939:
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1932:
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1901:
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1885:
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1649:on 8 May 2007
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1344:
1338:
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1330:9780141981048
1327:
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1322:Penguin Books
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1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1007:
995:
991:
984:
981:
968:
964:
963:Greenhouse PR
960:
954:
951:
945:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
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703:
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679:Steve Scalise
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553:Rex Tillerson
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468:2006 election
465:
458:
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440:February 2018
431:
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411:United States
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358:air pollution
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113:TotalEnergies
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1505:4 September
1471:4 September
1445:4 September
1181:10 February
973:4 September
766:Keystone XL
739:TransCanada
687:Tom Tiffany
643:Dick Cheney
627:Dick Cheney
489:During the
379:nonpartisan
52:fossil fuel
2980:Categories
2636:Hybrid PAC
2514:13 October
1999:dark money
1298:20 January
1293:www.ft.com
1033:25 October
946:References
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829:president
800:ExxonMobil
561:ExxonMobil
555:, was the
472:Republican
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516:arm, the
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383:nonprofit
371:polluters
292:Marrakech
288:The Hague
178:Influence
166:, or the
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3021:Lobbying
2958:Politics
2888:See also
2869:Pakistan
2790:Diaspora
2775:Retirees
2750:Feminism
2735:Abortion
2704:Software
2289:The Tyee
2172:Archived
2073:Archived
2054:Archived
2025:Archived
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1392:Archived
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2824:Armenia
2709:Tobacco
2612:History
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2922:Energy
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280:Berlin
260:UNISEO
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2879:Japan
2829:China
2812:Libya
2807:Egypt
2780:Taxes
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