62:, Aristotle describes a natural slave as "anyone who, while being human, is by nature not his own but of someone else" and further states "he is of someone else when, while being human, he is a piece of property; and a piece of property is a tool for action separate from its owner." From this, Aristotle defines natural slavery in two phases. The first is the natural slave's existence and characteristics. The second is the natural slave in society and in interaction with their master. According to Aristotle, natural slaves' main features and include being pieces of property, tools for actions, and belonging to others.
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definition of the "barbarian" and the natural slave did not apply to the
Indians, who were fully capable of reason and should be brought to Christianity without force or coercion. SepĂșlveda reasoned that the enslavement of natives was a result of war: the "superior" was dominating the "inferior", and the Spaniards had every right to do so.
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Aristotle's work has come under controversy and criticism in recent years. According to
Darrell Dobbs, there is a "general consensus that the formulation of Aristotle's account of slavery is riddled with inconsistency and incoherence." Other scholars have argued that the state of natural slavery is
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those who are as different as the soul from the body or man from beastâand they are in this state if their work is the use of the body, and if this is the best that can come from themâare slaves by nature. For them it is better to be ruled in accordance with this sort of rule, if such is the case
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met in Spain for a debate on the rationalization of native
American enslavement and its morality based on Aristotle's idea of natural slavery. SepĂșlveda defended the position of the New World colonists, claiming that the Amerindians were "natural slaves." Las Casas countered that Aristotle's
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During the 16th century, as the
Americas began to be colonized, the debate over the enslavement of the native peoples grew. Many colonizers supported enslavement and went to great lengths to morally justify it.
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Moreiras, Alberto (2000-01). "Ten Notes on
Primitive Imperial Accumulation: GinĂ©s de SepĂșlveda, Las Casas, FernĂĄndez de Oviedo". Interventions. 2 (3): 343â363. doi:10.1080/13698010020019181. ISSN 1369-801X.
69:, Aristotle addresses the questions of whether slavery can be natural or whether all slavery is contrary to nature and whether it is better for some people to be slaves. He concludes that
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It is not advantageous for one to be held in slavery who is not a natural slave, Aristotle contends, claiming that such a condition is sustained solely by force and results in enmity.
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was in favor of peacefully converting native peoples without enslaving them. Las Casas protested the treatment of natives by
Spaniards, and in 1520 was granted an audience with the
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1484-1566., Casas, Bartolomé de las, (1996). The devastation of the Indies : a brief account. Hopkins Univ. Press.
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1484-1566., Casas, Bartolomé de las, (1996). The devastation of the Indies : a brief account. Hopkins Univ. Press.
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Rodriguez, Philippe-André (2016). "L'impérialisme institutionnel et la question de la race chez
Aristote".
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disagreed with the
Aristotelian concept of natural slavery, as it was expressed in Seneca's
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Dobbs, Darrell (1994). "Natural Right and the
Problem of Aristotle's Defense of Slavery".
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Karbowski, Joseph (2013). "Aristotle's
Scientific Inquiry Into Natural Slavery".
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Ex Post Facto: Journal of the History Students at San Francisco State University
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ultimately alterable, since Aristotle's conception of nature is as well.
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Wayne Ambler, "Aristotle on Nature and Politics: The Case of Slavery,"
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109:(Charles I of Spain). He asked instead for their peaceful conversion.
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Aristotle's belief that some people are slaves by nature
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384:The Epic of Latin America
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434:Philosophy of Aristotle
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114:Juan GinĂ©s de SepĂșlveda
103:Bartolomé de las Casas
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216:10.1353/hph.2013.0067
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142:Slavery and religion
24:Aristotelian slavery
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