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1232:(Navajo beliefs about creation), the First, or Dark World is where the four Diyin Diné lived and where First Woman and First Man came into existence. Because the world was so dark, life could not thrive there and they had to move on. The Second, or Blue World, was inhabited by a few of the mammals' Earth People know today as well as the Swallow Chief, or Tåshchózhii. The First World beings had offended him and were asked to leave. From there, they headed south and arrived in the Third World or Yellow World. The four sacred mountains were found here, but due to a great flood, First Woman, First Man, and the Holy People were forced to find another world to live in. This time, when they arrived, they stayed in the Fourth World. In the Glittering World, true death came into existence, as well as the creation of the seasons, the moon, stars, and the sun.
1308:). The Blessing Way ceremonies are based on establishing "peace, harmony, and good things exclusively" within the Dine. The Enemy Way, or Evil Way ceremonies are concerned with counteracting influences that come from outside the Dine. Spiritual healing ceremonies are rooted in Navajo traditional stories. One of them, the Night Chant ceremony, is conducted over several days and involves up to 24 dancers. The ceremony requires the dancers to wear buckskin masks, as do many of the other Navajo ceremonies, and they all represent specific gods. The purpose of the Night Chant is to purify the patients and heal them through prayers to the spirit beings. Each day of the ceremony entails the performance of certain rites and the creation of detailed sand paintings. One of the songs describes the home of the thunderbirds:
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668:. Eventually, the arrangement led to a gradual end in Navajo raids, as the tribe was able to increase their livestock and crops. Also, the tribe gained an increase in the size of the Navajo reservation from 3.5 million acres (14,000 km; 5,500 sq mi) to 16 million acres (65,000 km; 25,000 sq mi) as it stands today. But economic conflicts with non-Navajos continued for many years as civilians and companies exploited resources assigned to the Navajo. The US government made leases for livestock grazing, took land for railroad development, and permitted mining on Navajo land without consulting the tribe.
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several hundred
Navajos at Houcks Tank. Rancher Bennett, whose horse was allegedly stolen, told Kerr that his horses were stolen by the three whites to catch a horse thief. In the same year, Lt. Scott went to the San Juan River with two scouts and 21 enlisted men. The Navajos believed Scott was there to drive off the whites who had settled on the reservation and had fenced off the river from the Navajo. Scott found evidence of many non-Navajo ranches. Only three were active, and the owners wanted payment for their improvements before leaving. Scott ejected them.
1183:) describes the first hogan as being built by Coyote with help from Beavers to be a house for First Man, First Woman, and Talking God. The Beaver People gave Coyote logs and instructions on how to build the first hogan. Navajos traditionally made their hogans until the 1900s, when they started to make them in hexagonal and octagonal shapes. Hogans continue to be used as dwellings, especially by older Navajos, although they tend to be made with modern construction materials and techniques. Some are maintained specifically for ceremonial purposes.
547:. He signed a treaty with two Navajo leaders: Mariano Martinez as Head Chief and Chapitone as Second Chief. The treaty acknowledged the transfer of jurisdiction from the United Mexican States to the United States. The treaty allowed forts and trading posts to be built on Navajo land. In exchange, the United States, promised "such donations such other liberal and humane measures, as may deem meet and proper." While en route to sign this treaty, the prominent Navajo peace leader Narbona, was killed, causing hostility between the treaty parties.
608:, New Mexico, for internment at Bosque Redondo. The internment was disastrous for the Navajo, as the government failed to provide enough water, wood, provisions, and livestock for the 4,000 to 5,000 people. Large-scale crop failure and disease were also endemic during this time, as were raids by other tribes and white civilians. Some Navajos froze in the winter because they could make only poor shelters from the few materials they were given. This period is known among the Navajos as "The Fearing Time". In addition, a small group of
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753:, under which two new schools were built on the Navajo reservation. But Rough Rock Day School was run in the same militaristic style as Fort Defiance and did not implement educational reforms. Navajo accounts of the Evangelical Missionary School portray it as having a family-like atmosphere with home-cooked meals, new or gently used clothing, humane treatment, and a Navajo-based curriculum. Educators found the Evangelical Missionary School curriculum to be much more beneficial for Navajo children.
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793:. It is a repository for sound recordings, manuscripts, paintings, and sandpainting tapestries of the Navajos. It also featured exhibits to express the beauty, dignity, and logic of the Navajo religion. When Klah met Cabot in 1921, he witnessed decades of efforts by the US government and missionaries to assimilate the Navajos into mainstream society. The museum was founded to preserve the religion and traditions of the Navajo, which Klah was sure would otherwise soon be lost forever.
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1228:. The Diné believed in two classes of people: Earth People and Holy People. The Navajo people believe they passed through three worlds before arriving in this world, the Fourth World or the Glittering World. As Earth People, the Diné must do everything within their power to maintain the balance between Mother Earth and man. The Diné also had the expectation of keeping a positive relationship between them and the Diyin Diné. In the
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1160:, the traditional Navajo home, is built as a shelter for either a man or a woman. Male hogans are square or conical with a distinct rectangular entrance, while a female hogan is an eight-sided house. Hogans are made of logs and covered in mud, with the door always facing east to welcome the sun each morning. Navajos also have several types of hogans for lodging and ceremonial use. Ceremonies, such as healing ceremonies or the
819:. Under various forms, it continued into the 1950s. Worried about large herds in the arid climate, at a time when the Dust Bowl was endangering the Great Plains, the government decided that the land of the Navajo Nation could support only a fixed number of sheep, goats, cattle, and horses. The Federal government believed that land erosion was worsening in the area and the only solution was to reduce the number of livestock.
1293:â Big Mountain Sheep) in Colorado. Times of day, as well as colors, are used to represent the four sacred mountains. Throughout religions, the importance of a specific number is emphasized and in the Navajo religion, the number four appears to be sacred to their practices. For example, there were four original clans of DinĂ©, four colors and times of day, four Diyin DinĂ©, and for the most part, four songs sung for a ritual.
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901:. Once the code talkers completed training in the States, they were sent to the Pacific for assignment to the Marine combat divisions. With that said, there was never a crack in the Navajo language, it was never deciphered. It is known that many more Navajos volunteered to become code talkers than could be accepted; however, an undetermined number of other Navajos served as Marines in the war, but not as code talkers.
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1030:: people can only marry (or date) partners outside their own clans, which for this purpose include the clans of their four grandparents. Some Navajos favor their children to marry into their father's clan. While clans are associated with a geographical area, the area is not for the exclusive use of any one clan. Members of a clan may live hundreds of miles apart but still have a clan bond.
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1524:. These Chief's Blankets, so called because only chiefs or very wealthy individuals could afford them, were characterized by horizontal stripes and minimal patterning in red. First Phase Chief's Blankets have only horizontal stripes, Second Phase feature red rectangular designs, and Third Phase features red diamonds and partial diamond patterns.
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3557:", 8 March 2016. Accessed 9 April 2016: "What happens when Rowling pulls this in, is we as Native people are now opened up to a barrage of questions about these beliefs and traditions ... but these are not things that need or should be discussed by outsiders. At all. I'm sorry if that seems "unfair," but that's how our cultures survive."
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1587:- for a total of at least 30,663). But the Navajos were a nomadic tribe, roaming over a very large area, so that an absolutely accurate enumeration even in year 1910 would have been an extremely difficult if not impossible task. The U.S. census of 2020 counted 392,962 Navajos in all states and territories.
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residence and live with his bride in her dwelling and near her mother's family. Daughters (or, if necessary, other female relatives) were traditionally the ones who received the generational property inheritance. In cases of marital separation, women would maintain the property and children. Children
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In the 1940s, large quantities of uranium were discovered in Navajo land. From then into the early 21st century, the U.S. allowed mining without sufficient environmental protection for workers, waterways, and land. The
Navajos have claimed high rates of death and illness from lung disease and cancer
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denounced
Collier as a 'dictator' and accused him of a "near reign of terror" on the Navajo reservation. Dippie adds that "He became an object of 'burning hatred' among the very people whose problems so preoccupied him." The long-term result was strong Navajo opposition to Collier's Indian New Deal.
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The result of these boarding schools led to much language loss within the Navajo Nation. After the Second World War, the Meriam Report funded more children to attend these schools with six times as many children attending boarding school than before the War. English as the primary language spoken at
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Southern
Athabaskan peoples, including the Navajo, are thought to have descended from a southward migration of Athabaskan peoples from Subarctic North America around 1,000 years ago. It has been suggested that the Navajo and Apaches may have migrated due to the effects of a volcanic explosion in the
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was appointed commissioner of the BIA. In many ways, he worked to reform government relations with the Native
American tribes, but the reduction program was devastating for the Navajo, for whom their livestock was so important. The government set land capacity in terms of "sheep units". In 1930 the
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In 1997, Welsh author Eirug Wyn published the Welsh-language novel "I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore?" ("Where did the
Morning Sun go?" in English) which tells the story of Carson's misdoings against the Navajo people from the point of view of a fictional young Navajo woman called "Haul y Bore" ("Morning
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In 1887, citizens Palmer, Lockhart, and King fabricated a charge of horse stealing and randomly attacked a dwelling on the reservation. Two Navajo men and all three whites died as a result, but a woman and a child survived. Capt. Kerr (with two Navajo scouts) examined the ground and then met with
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During the next 10 years, the U.S. established forts on traditional Navajo territory. Military records cite this development as a precautionary measure to protect citizens and the
Navajos from each other. However, the Spanish/Mexican-Navajo pattern of raids and expeditions continued. Over 400 New
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from the 16th through the 20th centuries. Their extended kinship groups had seasonal dwelling areas to accommodate livestock, agriculture, and gathering practices. As part of their traditional economy, Navajo groups may have formed trading or raiding parties, traveling relatively long distances.
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history. Using their own language they utilized a military code; for example, the Navajo word "turtle" represented a tank. In 1942, Marine staff officers composed several combat simulations and the Navajo translated it and transmitted it in their dialect to another Navajo on the other line. This
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Many Navajo young people moved to cities to work in urban factories during World War II. Many Navajo men volunteered for military service in keeping with their warrior culture, and they served in integrated units. The War
Department in 1940 rejected a proposal by the BIA that segregated units be
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led 500 men to the
Tunicha Mountains against the Navajo. Twenty Navajo chiefs asked for peace. In 1804 and 1805, the Navajo and Spaniards mounted major expeditions against each others' settlements. In May 1805, another peace was established. Similar patterns of peace-making, raiding, and trading
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Navajos came to the southwest with their own weaving traditions; however, they learned to weave cotton on vertical looms from the Pueblo peoples. The first
Spaniards to visit the region wrote about seeing Navajo blankets. By the 18th century, the Navajos had begun to import Bayeta red yarn to
2042:, veteran, attorney, engineer, and a community leader. One of few Native Americans to be accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis. Upon graduation, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. in the U.S. Marine Corps. He made an unsuccessful attempt to run for Navajo Nation President.
1358:. Some Navajo Indian legends are staples in literature, including The First Man and First Woman as well as The Sun, Moon, and Stars. The First Man and Woman is the story about the creation of the world, and The Sun, Moon, and Stars is the story about the origin of heavenly bodies.
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In 1890, a local rancher refused to pay the Navajos a fine for livestock. The Navajos tried to collect it, and whites in southern Colorado and Utah claimed that 9,000 of the Navajos were on a warpath. A small military detachment out of Fort Wingate restored white citizens to order.
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regions of New Mexico. The Spanish, Navajo and Hopi continued to trade with each other and formed a loose alliance to fight Apache and Comanche bands for the next 20 years. During this time there were relatively minor raids by Navajo bands and Spanish citizens against each other.
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The Navajos' hallmark jewelry piece called the "squash blossom" necklace first appeared in the 1880s. The term "squash blossom" was apparently attached to the name of the Navajo necklace at an early date, although its bud-shaped beads are thought to derive from Spanish-Mexican
1166:, take place inside a hogan. According to Kehoe, this style of housing is distinctive to the Navajos. She writes, "Even today, a solidly constructed, log-walled Hogan is preferred by many Navajo families." Most Navajo members today live in apartments and houses in urban areas.
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Collier's solution was to first launch a voluntary reduction program, which was made mandatory two years later in 1935. The government paid for part of the value of each animal, but it did nothing to compensate for the loss of future yearly income for so many Navajo. In the
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The ceremonial leader proceeds by asking the Holy People to be present at the beginning of the ceremony, then identifying the patient with the power of the spirit-being, and describing the patient's transformation to renewed health with lines such as, "Happily I recover."
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Oral history indicates a long relationship with Pueblo people and a willingness to incorporate Puebloan ideas and linguistic variance. There were long-established trading practices between the groups. Mid-16th century Spanish records recount that the Pueblo exchanged
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Once the children arrived at the boarding school, their lives changed dramatically. European Americans taught the classes under an English-only curriculum and punished any student caught speaking Navajo. The children were under militaristic discipline, run by the
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In 1863, Carleton ordered Carson to use the same tactics on the Navajo. Carson and his force swept through Navajo land, killing Navajos and destroying crops and dwellings, fouling wells, and capturing livestock. Facing starvation and death, Navajo groups came to
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spends thirty days living with a Navajo family on their reservation in New Mexico. The July 2008 show called "Life on an Indian Reservation", depicts the dire conditions that many Native Americans experience living on reservations in the United States.
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Parker, accompanied by 10 enlisted men and two scouts, went up the San Juan River to separate the Navajos and citizens who had encroached on Navajo land. In the same year, Lt. Lockett, with the aid of 42 enlisted soldiers, was joined by Lt. Holomon at
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Mexican militia conducted a campaign against the Navajo, against the wishes of the Territorial Governor, in 1860â61. They killed Navajo warriors, captured women and children for slaves, and destroyed crops and dwellings. The Navajos call this period
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The completion of the railroads dramatically changed Navajo weaving. Cheap blankets were imported, so Navajo weavers shifted their focus to weaving rugs for an increasingly non-Native audience. Rail service also brought in Germantown wool from
1559:); "Wide Ruins", "Chinlee", banded geometric patterns; "Klagetoh", diamond-type patterns; "Red Mesa" and bold diamond patterns. Many of these patterns exhibit a fourfold symmetry, which is thought to embody traditional ideas about harmony or
2108:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served three terms as Navajo Council delegate representing the chapters of Shonto, Oljato, Tsah Bi Kin and Navajo Mountain. Served two terms as Navajo County Board of Supervisors for District 1.
746:. This report discussed Indian boarding schools as being inadequate in terms of diet, medical services, dormitory overcrowding, undereducated teachers, restrictive discipline, and manual labor by the students to keep the school running.
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Men and women are seen as contemporary equals as both males and females are needed to reproduce. Although women may carry a bigger burden, fertility is so highly valued that males are expected to provide economic resources (known as
1129:). Corn is a symbol of fertility in Navajo culture as they eat white corn in the wedding ceremonies. It is considered to be immoral and/or stealing if one does not provide for the other in that premarital or marital relationship.
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wrote a series of detective novels whose detective characters were members of the Navajo Tribal Police. The novels are noted for incorporating details about Navajo culture, and in some cases expanding the focus to include nearby
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The Navajo are also known for their concha belts. The concha belt was derived from the Southern Plains Indians. Atsidi Chon was the first to create the Concha Belt and he taught his craft to other Navajos and to the Zuni people.
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are "born to" and belong to the mother's clan, and are "born for" the father's clan. The mother's eldest brother has a strong role in her children's lives. As adults, men represent their mother's clan in tribal politics.
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Navajo then translated it back into English faster than any other cryptographic facility, which demonstrated their efficacy. As a result, General Vogel recommended their recruitment into the USMC code talker program.
1417:("Thin Mexican") around 1878 and began teaching other Navajos how to work with silver. Navajos initially obtained silver from coins and ingots and hammered them into shape. By 1880, Navajo silversmiths were creating
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Apache men and destroy any Mescalero property he could find. Carleton believed these harsh tactics would bring any Indian Tribe under control. The Mescalero surrendered and were sent to the new reservation called
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meat, hides, and stone from Athabaskans traveling to the pueblos or living nearby. In the 18th century, the Spanish reported that the Navajo maintained large herds of livestock and cultivated large crop areas.
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with 30 or 40 sympathizers. They refused to surrender to the agent, and local law enforcement and military refused the agent's request for an armed engagement. General Scott arrived, and with the help of
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The Navajos did not understand why their centuries-old practices of raising livestock should change. They were united in opposition but they were unable to stop it. Historian Brian Dippie notes that the
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During the time on the reservation, the Navajo tribe was forced to assimilate into white society. Navajo children were sent to boarding schools within the reservation and off the reservation. The first
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Navajos have many different ceremonies. For the most part, their ceremonies are to prevent or cure diseases. Corn pollen is used as a blessing and as an offering during prayer. One half of the major
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in year 1626 they were so numerous that "in two days over 30,000 Navajos assembled". Apparently they were not less numerous in the early 20th century - Indian Affairs 1910 counted 29,624 Navajos in
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In 1913, an Indian agent ordered a Navajo and his three wives to come in and then arrested them for having a plural marriage. A small group of Navajos used force to free the women and retreated to
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created for the Indians. The Navajos gained firsthand experience with how they could assimilate into the modern world, and many did not return to the overcrowded reservation, which had few jobs.
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536:). This agreement was not honored by some Navajo, nor by some New Mexicans. The Navajos raided New Mexican livestock, and New Mexicans took women, children, and livestock from the Navajo.
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if they tried to run away. Other conditions included inadequate food, overcrowding, required manual labor in kitchens, fields, and boiler rooms; and military-style uniforms and haircuts.
520:. On November 21, 1846, following an invitation from a small party of American soldiers under the command of Captain John Reid, who journeyed deep into Navajo country and contacted him,
4231:"The Navajoes.âThe Party Returning from Washington and Who They Are.âAbout Gov. Arny and His Views of the Indian Question.âWhat Kind of People the Navajoes area and What Their Country"
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these schools as well as the local towns surrounding the Navajo reservations contributed to residents becoming bilingual; however Navajo was still the primary language spoken at home.
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The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). More than three quarters of the enrolled Navajo population resides in these two states.
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These achievements of the Navajo Code Talkers have resulted in an honorable chapter in USMC history. Their patriotism and honor inevitably earned them the respect of all Americans.
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Removing Classrooms from the Battlefield: Liberty, Paternalism, and the Redemptive Promise of Educational Choice, 2008 BYU Law Review 377 The Navajo and Richard Henry Pratt
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in 1870 and led the way for eight others to be established. Many older Navajos were against this education and would hide their children to keep them from being taken.
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The United States military continued to maintain forts on the Navajo reservation in the years after the Long Walk. From 1873 to 1895, the military employed Navajos as
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Saint Elias Mountain range of Alaska around 803 AD. Part of the migration was along the Rocky Mountains before arriving in the present-day southwest United States.
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Treglia, Gabriella. "Cultural Pluralism or Cultural Imposition? Examining the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Education Reforms during the Indian New Deal (1933â1945)."
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as a main source of trade and food. Meat became essential in the Navajo diet. Sheep became a form of currency and familial status. Women began to spin and weave
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Kerr, "February 18, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona.
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Ford, "September 30, 1887 Letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona
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has been part of jewelry for centuries, but Navajo artists did not use inlay techniques to insert turquoise into silver designs until the late 19th century.
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who do harm to the minds, bodies, and families of innocent people, though these matters are rarely discussed in detail with those outside of the community.
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system, in which the family of the women owned livestock, dwellings, planting areas, and livestock grazing areas. Once married, a Navajo man would follow a
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However, not all the Navajos came in or were found. Some lived near the San Juan River, some beyond the Hopi villages, and others lived with Apache bands.
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Scott," June 22, 1887 letter to Acting Assistant General," District of New Mexico, National Archive Materials, Navajo Tribal Museum, Window Rock, Arizona
2066:, former president of the Navajo Nation. He served in the Arizona Senate from 2004 to 2011 and in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.
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for relief. On July 20, 1863, the first of many groups departed to join the Mescalero at Bosque Redondo. Other groups continued to come in through 1864.
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1846:(also known as Kin-Ya-Onny-Beyeh; 1907â1998), painter, printmaker, illustrator, and Navajo code talker with the U.S. Marine Corp during World War II.
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played a famous role during World War II by relaying radio messages using their own language. The Japanese were unable to understand or decode it.
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680:. Evidently, citizens of the surnames Houck and/or Owens had murdered a Navajo chief's son, and 100 armed Navajo warriors were looking for them.
483:, about 60 miles (97 km) west of the Rio Chama Valley region. In the 1770s, the Spanish sent military expeditions against the Navajo in the
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comes from Spanish missionaries and historians who referred to the Pueblo Indians through this term, although they referred to themselves as the
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and matrilocal world of the Navajo, women were especially hurt, as many lost their only source of income with the reduction of livestock herds.
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1413:(c. 1830âc. 1918) is considered to be the first Southwest Indians to learn silversmithing. He learned silversmithing from a Mexican man called
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meaning '(the) people'. The language comprises two geographic, mutually intelligible dialects. It is closely related to the languages of the
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Beginning in the spring of 1864, the Army forced around 9,000 Navajo men, women, and children to walk over 300 miles (480 km) to
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The Holy People, or Diyin Diné, had instructed the Earth People to view the four sacred mountains as the boundaries of the homeland (
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Navajo spiritual practice is about restoring balance and harmony to a person's life to produce health and is based on the ideas of
562:, Commander of the Federal District of New Mexico, initiated a series of military actions against the Navajos and Apaches. Colonel
1441:, hair ornaments, pins, and squash blossom necklaces for tribal use, and to sell to tourists as a way to supplement their income.
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resulting from environmental contamination. Since the 1970s, legislation has helped to regulate the industry and reduce the toll.
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1763:, geneticist and bioethicist known for promoting Indigenous data sovereignty and studying genetics within Indigenous communities
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661:. It operated from 1872 to 1875 as an anti-raid task force working to maintain the peaceful terms of the 1868 Navajo treaty.
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The Navajo Tribe relies on oral tradition to maintain beliefs and stories. Examples include the traditional creation story
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Navaho Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Navajo Country, Made in 1849
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By treaty, the Navajos were allowed to leave the reservation for trade, with permission from the military or local
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into distinct styles. These included "Two Gray Hills" (predominantly black and white, with traditional patterns);
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Navajos grazed 1,100,000 mature sheep units. These sheep provided half the cash income for the individual Navajo.
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is the largest federally recognized tribe in the United States; additionally, the Navajo Nation has the largest
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was negotiated between Navajo leaders and the federal government allowing the surviving Navajos to return to a
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The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos
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by the pound and selling them back east by the bale. The traders encouraged the locals to weave blankets and
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or Changing Woman. Today there are more than 100 clans, some of which include other Native nations, such as
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among the Navajo, Spaniards, Apache, Comanche, and Hopi continued until the arrival of Americans in 1846.
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characters and cultures, as well. Some of the novels have been adapted for film/TV, including the series
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and clothing; they created items of highly valued artistic expression, which were also traded and sold.
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Ceremonies are used to correct curses that cause some illnesses or misfortunes. People may complain of
543:âaccompanied by John S. Calhoun, an Indian agentâled 400 soldiers into the Navajo country, penetrating
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3939:. Jennifer Denetdale (additional text), Ada E. Deer (foreword). New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
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Navajo Yebichai (Yei Bi Chei) dancers. Edward S. Curtis. USA, 1900. The Wellcome Collection, London
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3174:
2506:
2498:
1888:
1843:
1825:
1551:), red-dominated patterns with black and white; "Crystal" (founded by J. B. Moore); oriental and
1138:
692:
540:
509:
249:
134:
4558:
3597:
3016:
A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
2983:
A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
2950:
A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
2917:
A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling
1354:
1339:
1229:
1192:
496:
4305:
of Northern Colorado University with images of U.S. documents of treaties and reports 1846â1931
3157:
Weisiger, Marsha (2007). "Gendered Injustice: Navajo Livestock Reduction in the New Deal Era".
2814:
George Bornstein, "The Fearing Time: Telling the tales of Indian slavery in American history",
2048:, last head chief of the Navajo and first chairman of the Navajo Tribe, (1922â1928, 1942â1946).
612:, longtime enemies of the Navajos had been relocated to the area, which resulted in conflicts.
4316:
4198:
4175:
4154:
4124:
4107:
4044:
4025:
4004:
3987:
3971:
3959:
3940:
3916:
3694:
3332:
3207:
3201:
3137:
3131:
3110:
3025:
3021:
2992:
2988:
2959:
2955:
2926:
2922:
2823:
2795:
2763:
2742:
2687:
2593:
2490:
2412:
2093:
2069:
1692:
1395:
1282:
513:
4106:. recorded by Walter Dyk. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press.
1453:
in Navajo) symbol to shape the silver pendant that hangs from the "squash blossom" necklace.
5116:
4569:
3166:
3056:
3013:
2980:
2947:
2914:
2734:
2585:
2482:
2244:
2208:
2123:
2045:
1819:
1744:
1718:
1418:
1217:
1148:
816:
697:
488:
142:
138:
2572:
Doering, Briana N.; Esdale, Julie A.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Catenacci, Senna D. (July 2020).
2096:/Mexican Water), former Navajo Nation Council Delegate, working in Utah Navajo Investments.
1045:
Traditionally, there are four clans said to be the original ones, given to the Navajo from
464:, meaning a large area of cultivated lands. By the 1640s, the Spanish began using the term
5164:
5007:
4992:
4481:
4328:
4267:
4260:
3857:
3743:
3720:
3549:
3324:
2542:
2438:
2357:
2308:
2174:
2156:
2020:
2008:
1984:
1959:
1917:
1876:
1837:
1714:
1702:
1672:
1625:
1505:
1170:
815:
was imposed upon the Navajo Nation by the federal government starting in 1933, during the
369:
273:
206:
126:
4863:
4348:
3766:. Publications of the Polish Sociological Institute. London: Macmillan. p. 492-493.
2841:
Guide to Records in the Military Archives Division Pertaining to Indian-White Relations,
1478:
1382:
5126:
5071:
4496:
4455:
4245:
2788:
2611:
Lewandowska, Magdalena (2020). "Athapaskan Migration to the North American Southwest".
2223:
2168:
2162:
2039:
1971:
1965:
1947:
1870:
1809:
1766:
1760:
1676:
1632:
1607:
1521:
1473:
1169:
Those who practice the Navajo religion regard the hogan as sacred. The religious song "
898:
856:
General Douglas MacArthur meeting Navajo, Pima, Pawnee and other Native American troops
637:
576:
425:
389:
3713:
1535:
Some early European-American settlers moved in and set up trading posts, often buying
930:
256:
region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in
5158:
5002:
4997:
4593:
4476:
4399:
3930:
3186:
3049:
3014:
2981:
2948:
2915:
2630:
Seymour, Deni (2012). "Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest".
2510:
2213:
2143:
2129:
2002:
1941:
1898:
1734:
1728:
979:
739:
650:
461:
283:
269:
245:
83:
1390:
5051:
4535:
4501:
4491:
3424:
2139:
2105:
2085:
2057:
1996:
1935:
1855:
1849:
1831:
1797:
1775:
1708:
1529:
1367:
1211:
1161:
782:
779:
665:
570:
with Army troops and volunteer New Mexico militia. Carleton ordered Carson to kill
567:
533:
353:, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside. Additionally, some Navajo know
253:
159:
3878:
731:. In multiple interviews, subjects recalled being captured and disciplined by the
432:
Western historians believe that the Spanish before 1600 referred to the Navajo as
4019:
3934:
3910:
2678:
2535:
5076:
5044:
5012:
4972:
4605:
4575:
4460:
2089:
2063:
1911:
1864:
1750:
1641:
1556:
1552:
1446:
1410:
1406:
1246:
1126:
1054:
1034:
1026:
that defines relationships between individuals and families. The clan system is
832:
764:
743:
605:
4216:
4021:
Navaho symbols of healing: a Jungian exploration of ritual, image, and medicine
3092:
2002, University of New Mexico Press, Chapter 5, "our People Cried": 1923â1941.
5056:
5034:
4962:
4957:
4564:
2185:
2117:
2111:
1803:
1696:
1688:
1646:
1580:
1540:
1536:
1513:
1327:
1239:
1038:
672:
563:
476:
265:
221:
103:
95:
3456:
2597:
2494:
1532:, commercially dyed wool which greatly expanded the weavers' color palettes.
749:
This report was the precursor to education reforms initiated under President
471:
During the 1670s, the Spanish wrote that the Diné lived in a region known as
5027:
4977:
2760:
The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863â1868
2026:
1517:
1456:
1399:
654:
609:
571:
448:
in the 1620s to refer to the people in the Chama Valley region, east of the
401:
373:
56:
2430:
4339:
3133:"For Our Navajo People": Diné Letters, Speeches & Petitions, 1900-1960
2741:, University of Oklahoma Press (1964), trade paperback (2003), 296 pages,
966:
26:"Diné" redirects here. For the Dene people native to northern Canada, see
4987:
4308:
1953:
1680:
1615:
allowed the Navajos to be more involved in the depictions of themselves.
1438:
1422:
91:
4394:
3736:
3294:
Yellow Dirt- An American Story of a Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed,
3178:
2880:
2589:
1512:
supplement local black, gray, and white wool, as well as wool dyed with
897:, San Diego before being assigned to Field Signal Battalion training at
5131:
5121:
5111:
5017:
4967:
4943:
4934:
2820:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
1583:(in addition to that the census of 1910 returned also 1,039 Navajos in
1576:
1430:
1027:
653:
at Fort Wingate to help their regular units. During this period, Chief
521:
409:
257:
87:
3268:
American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs,
2723:
2536:"Discovery of the Athabascan Origin of the Apache and Navajo Language"
2502:
2470:
1668:
51:
4362:
4347:
3799:
3170:
1770:
1434:
1426:
999:
421:
350:
346:
342:
276:
is spoken throughout the region, and most Navajo also speak English.
171:
108:
3060:
113:
700 Residents of Canada identified as having Navajo ancestry in the
2486:
2442:
University of Arizona, Tucson Economic Development Research Program
1618:
In the final episode of the third season of the FX reality TV show
974:
The name "Navajo" comes from the late 18th century via the Spanish
349:
are believed to have migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern
5066:
2737:, edited and annotated by Frank McNitt, foreword by Durwood Ball,
1667:
1496:
1477:
1389:
1381:
1204:
1196:
1157:
1147:
1019:
1003:
965:
851:
755:
636:
417:
393:
381:
313:
305:
3821:"I Ble'r Aeth Haul y Bore? (9780862434359) | Eirug Wyn | Y Lolfa"
3778:"Distribution of American Indian tribes: Navajo People in the US"
3431:. Recorded by Wheelwright, Mary C. Internet Sacred Text Archive.
3253:
Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Navajo Opposition to the Indian New Deal."
1956:(mid-19th century â early 20th century), pioneering easel painter
1806:(fl. 1902), first Navajo artist to use European drawing materials
5022:
4982:
4541:
4128:
4111:
3991:
1637:
1584:
886:
405:
397:
385:
261:
179:
99:
27:
4905:
4366:
1705:(Navajo-Isleta-San Felipe Pueblo), American professional golfer
1650:. His daughter has continued the novel series after his death.
1547:(colorful, with very extensive patterns); "Ganado" (founded by
1033:
Historically, the structure of the Navajo society is largely a
738:
Change did not occur in these boarding schools until after the
244:
With more than 399,495 enrolled tribal members as of 2021, the
4336:
Information on authentic Navajo Art, Rugs, Jewelry, and Crafts
4081:
Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico 1694â1875
3353:
Between the Sacred Mountains: A Cultural History of the Dineh,
3242:
The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy
2908:
2906:
2060:, former chairman of the Navajo Tribe and first Diné attorney.
985:"farm fields adjoining a valley". The Navajos call themselves
925:
268:. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of
4292:
4286:
4001:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
3200:
Richard White, ch 13: "The Navajos become Dependent" (1988).
2277:
2082:, Navajo Code Talker and former chairman of the Navajo Tribe.
1502:
Probably Bayeta-style Blanket with Terrace and Stepped Design
3915:(paperback ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
4223:
Wastelanding: Legacies of Uranium Mining in Navajo Country.
4083:. Window Rock, Arizona: Research Section, The Navajo Tribe.
2283:
2265:
2259:
1611:
which was somewhat exploitative of those Navajos involved.
1449:
designs. The Navajo silversmiths also borrowed the "naja" (
4333:
2680:
Through White Men's Eyes: A contribution to Navajo History
2407:(2003) , Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.),
970:
Dibé (sheep) remain an important aspect of Navajo culture.
3569:"Creation of First Man and First Woman - A Navajo Legend"
2574:"A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration"
2253:
1753:, the last original Navajo code talker who served in the
4075:. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
3958:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
3270:(University of Oklahoma Press, 1999) pp 40, 67, 132, 152
2686:. Window Rock, AZ: The Navajo Times Publishing Company.
4321:
942:
4135:
Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940).
4066:
The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846â1868
3331:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1679:
uniform, is a Navajo (from his mother's side) retired
1269:â Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) in New Mexico; the
539:
In 1849, the military governor of New Mexico, Colonel
2292:
2274:
2250:
885:
The Navajo Code Talkers played a significant role in
3020:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp.
2954:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp.
2818:, 20 October 2017 p. 29 (review of Andrés Reséndez,
2762:. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.
2280:
2256:
742:
was published in 1929 by the Secretary of Interior,
700:, a leader among the Navajo, defused the situation.
5085:
4950:
4883:
4856:
4840:
4760:
4622:
4615:
4550:
4520:
4469:
4406:
4342:
Navajo expert, Doctor Sarah Davis, about the Navajo
4197:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
3109:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
2987:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.
2921:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p.
2794:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
2271:
2262:
2247:
2102:, the first woman elected to Navajo Tribal Council.
217:
202:
194:
165:
148:
120:
74:
64:
4189:. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
3984:Hosteen Klah: Navajo Medicine Man and Sand Painter
2787:
1968:(born 1966), contemporary print maker and educator
978:"(Apaches of) NavajĂł", which was derived from the
376:, growing mainly the traditional Native American "
4174:. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997.
4091:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
2431:"Arizona's Native American Tribes: Navajo Nation"
2054:, former Navajo Tribal Councilwoman and advocate.
1932:(born 1973), painter, illustrator, screen printer
1605:. It was written in response to an earlier film,
59:(Navajo, 1818â1893), a chief during the Long Walk
4137:Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540â1542.
1879:(born 1945), TĂĄchiiÊŒnii, contemporary ceramicist
532:at Bear Springs, Ojo del Oso (later the site of
4225:Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
4195:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace
4041:Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West
3956:North American Indians: A Comprehensive account
3107:Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace
440:. Fray Geronimo de Zarate-Salmeron, who was in
4298:Navajo people: history, culture, language, art
4167:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
1914:(c. 1828â1918), first known Navajo silversmith
893:Each Navajo went through a basic boot camp at
252:in the country. The reservation straddles the
4917:
4378:
3714:"Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site"
3689:Turnbaugh, William; Turnbaugh, Sarah (2007).
2351:Diné enrolled population increases to 399,494
1394:19th-century Navajo jewelry with the popular
1257:â Dawn or White Shell Mountain) in Colorado;
8:
4153:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
4139:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
4123:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3319:
3317:
3315:
3100:
3098:
2375:"Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census"
2319:
1920:(born 1954), textile artist and math teacher
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1237:
1176:
988:
474:
318:Navajo spinning and weaving on vertical loom
40:
36:
4512:Navajo Nation Zoological and Botanical Park
3226:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2781:
2779:
1152:Hogan at Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park
516:invaded Santa Fe with 1,600 men during the
357:, which is either a dialect or daughter of
16:Native American people of the United States
4924:
4910:
4902:
4619:
4385:
4371:
4363:
4256:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
3763:Primitive society and its vital statistics
1858:(1867â1937), weaver and co-founder of the
1281:â Abalone Shell Mountain) in Arizona; and
361:. Some also know Plains Sign Talk itself.
50:
35:
4172:Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest
4151:Navajo Places: History, Legend, Landscape
4089:Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West
3492:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
2411:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2114:, current president of the Navajo Nation.
1860:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
1741:after the fall of the Philippines in 1942
787:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
286:, some Navajo people are citizens of the
4098:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
3986:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
3691:Indian Jewelry of the American Southwest
3050:"Language Documentation and Description"
2345:
2343:
2177:, author, educator, and environmentalist
2126:, former president of the Navajo Nation.
2120:, former president of the Navajo Nation.
1769:, first full-blooded Native American in
1485:
1409:is an important art form among Navajos.
1063:
4254:Language and Art in the Navajo Universe
3529:
3517:
3364:
3206:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 300ff.
2648:
2339:
2235:
1747:, former women's UFC flyweight champion
1348:Coyote (notable traditional characters)
1317:In the house made of the evening light
623:on a portion of their former homeland.
5146:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
4951:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
4187:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period
4024:. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.
3219:
3136:. U of New Mexico Press. p. 250.
3105:Compiled (1974). Roessel, Ruth (ed.).
2790:Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period
2786:Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (ed.).
2146:and last chairman of the Navajo Tribe.
1822:, weaver, educator, and museum curator
1193:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ (Navajo creation beliefs)
1061:, referring to the Mescalero Apache.
191:
70:399,690 enrolled tribal members (2021)
5175:Native American history of New Mexico
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3451:
3449:
3395:"Navajo Cultural History and Legends"
3389:
3387:
3385:
3376:
3070:from the original on 12 November 2020
3043:
3041:
2706:
2613:Contributions in New World Archeology
2562:, p. 22 (retrieved: 28 November 2010)
1873:(born 1946), contemporary silversmith
1421:including bracelets, tobacco flasks,
1304:and the other half is the Enemy Way (
333:(lit. 'People's language'). The term
7:
5190:Native American tribes in New Mexico
4358:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3307:NAVAJO CODE TALKERS IN WORLD WAR II,
2385:from the original on 30 January 2022
1950:, 21st-century weaver and printmaker
1938:(1940â2014), silversmith and jeweler
1711:, musician and documentary filmmaker
75:Regions with significant populations
4322:Navajo Institute for Social Justice
4003:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3543:Magic in North America Part 1: Ugh.
2381:. Statistics Canada. 21 June 2018.
2134:Washington House of Representatives
1852:(1932â2005), painter and printmaker
1490:Navajo Germantown Eye Dazzler Rug,
918:Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy
848:Navajo Code Talkers in World War II
372:. Later, they adopted farming from
368:Initially, the Navajo were largely
5170:Native American history of Arizona
3912:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths
3748:Traditional Fine Arts Organization
3676:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths
3355:Essai, Volume 5: Article 15, 2007.
1065:Original Navajo Clans (tradition)
14:
5185:Native American tribes in Arizona
4346:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
3281:American Indians and World War II
3012:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2979:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2946:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2913:McCarty, T.L.; Bia, Fred (2002).
2660:Hosteen Klah, page 102 and others
1962:(born 1957), contemporary painter
504:Territory of New Mexico 1846â1863
4933:
4393:
2891:from the original on 23 May 2017
2243:
2188:
1778:, mechanical engineer at NASA's
1334:Oral stories/Works of literature
929:
710:American Indian boarding schools
5180:Native American history of Utah
5086:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
4185:Roessel, Ruth (editor) (1973).
3982:Newcomb, Franc Johnson (1964).
3887:from the original on 2016-03-03
3831:from the original on 2019-08-01
3608:from the original on 2021-09-03
3579:from the original on 2021-10-28
3435:from the original on 2016-05-25
3401:. November 2002. Archived from
3090:Dine: A History of the Navajos,
2517:from the original on 2021-04-21
2074:Kansas House of Representatives
1187:Spiritual and religious beliefs
801:Livestock Reduction 1930sâ1950s
5195:Native American tribes in Utah
3244:(1991) pp 333â336, quote p 335
3048:Spolsky, Bernard (July 2014).
2409:English Pronouncing Dictionary
1834:(born 1977), conceptual artist
1731:, American professional golfer
1315:In the house made of the dawn,
1298:Navajo song ceremonial complex
704:Boarding schools and education
282:Besides being enrolled in the
1:
4221:Voyles, Traci Brynne (2015).
4149:Linford, Laurence D. (2000).
3894:– via www.bookrags.com.
3678:. Pickle Partners Publishing.
3327:; Leighton, Dorothea (1974).
2822:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2549:(retrieved: 28 November 2010)
1340:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ (Creation Story)
881:U.S. Marine Corps Involvement
524:and other Navajos negotiated
452:and northwest of present-day
322:The Navajo are speakers of a
4797:(AZ, former Chinle Boarding)
3693:. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.
3425:"The Story of the Emergence"
3309:USMC History Division, 2006.
3159:Western Historical Quarterly
2839:Marei Bouknight and others,
2444:(retrieved: 19 January 2011)
1993:, punk/alternative rock band
1883:Christine Nofchissey McHorse
1828:(c. 1934â2022), basket maker
1723:Colorado River Indian Tribes
508:The Navajos encountered the
327:Southern Athabaskan language
291:Colorado River Indian Tribes
4672:Gallup-McKinley County (NM)
4229:Warren (January 27, 1875).
4193:Roessel, Ruth, ed. (1974).
4121:Apache, Navajo and Spaniard
4043:(2nd ed.). Doubleday.
3999:Pritzker, Barry M. (2000).
3296:Free Press, New York, 2010.
2843:GSA National Archives, 1972
2709:, p. 133â140, 152â154.
2458:United States Census Bureau
1944:(1920â1956), studio painter
1891:(1917â1952), studio painter
1555:styles (almost always with
1429:. Later, they added silver
1245:) they should never leave:
558:In 1861, Brigadier-General
131:Plains Indian Sign Language
5211:
4274:Le systÚme de santé navajo
4272:Zaballos, Nausica (2009).
4252:Witherspoon, Gary (1977).
4146:Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.
4087:Clarke, Dwight L. (1961).
3954:Kehoe, Alice Beck (1992).
3760:Krzywicki, Ludwik (1934).
3487:"Navajo Ceremonial System"
3305:Marine Corps. University,
2558:Samuel J. Supalla (1992).
1789:
1755:United States Marine Corps
1661:
1471:
1365:
1337:
1190:
1136:
911:
895:Marine Corps Recruit Depot
813:Navajo Livestock Reduction
807:Navajo Livestock Reduction
804:
707:
630:
597:
239:Southwestern United States
25:
18:
5140:
4848:St. Michael Indian School
4643:Central Consolidated (NM)
4407:Politics and institutions
4293:Navajo Tourism Department
4236:Daily Journal of Commerce
4079:Brugge, David M. (1968).
3598:"The Sun, Moon and Stars"
2816:Times Literary Supplement
2758:Thompson, Gerald (1976).
2547:San Jose State University
2142:, first president of the
1780:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1492:Science History Institute
914:Indian termination policy
841:Indian Rights Association
170:
153:
125:
79:
69:
49:
4713:Magdalena Municipal (NM)
4588:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
4244:. p. 1 – via
4213:Journal of the Southwest
4142:Kelly, Lawrence (1970).
4119:Forbes, Jack D. (1960).
4094:Downs, James F. (1972).
4071:Bighorse, Tiana (1990).
4018:Sandner, Donald (1991).
3257:(1981) 19#3â6 pp: 79â87.
2677:Correll, J. Lee (1976).
1613:The Return of Navajo Boy
1598:The Return of Navajo Boy
1595:In 2000 the documentary
1482:Navajo weaver with sheep
1215:photographed in 1904 by
922:American Indian Movement
774:In 1937, Boston heiress
717:Bureau of Indian Affairs
641:Navajo woman and child,
617:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
4582:Long Walk of the Navajo
4039:Sides, Hampton (2006).
3750:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010)
3726:(retrieved 28 Nov 2010)
3724:White Mountains Online.
2881:"Fort Defiance Chapter"
2219:Long Walk of the Navajo
1885:(1948-2021), ceramicist
1792:Category:Navajo artists
1504:, 1870â1880, 50.67.54,
1386:Squash blossom necklace
1082:The Towering House clan
719:(BIA) school opened at
600:Long Walk of the Navajo
392:. They adopted herding
21:Navajo (disambiguation)
4777:Hunters Point Boarding
4349:"Navajo Indians"
4163:McNitt, Frank (1972).
4064:Bailey, L. R. (1964).
3541:Keene, Dr. Adrienne, "
3485:Wyman, Leland (1983).
3423:Klah, Hasteen (1942).
3130:Peter Iverson (2002).
2560:The Book of Name Signs
2469:Haile, Berard (1949).
2320:
2312:
1895:Barbara Teller Ornelas
1739:Imperial Japanese Army
1684:
1664:Category:Navajo people
1624:, the show's producer
1603:Sundance Film Festival
1508:
1494:
1483:
1403:
1387:
1320:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1238:
1221:
1202:
1177:
1153:
989:
971:
857:
778:and Navajo singer and
771:
646:
555:, "the fearing time."
541:John MacRae Washington
475:
468:to refer to the Diné.
319:
311:
235:Native American people
156:Native American Church
41:
4833:(off-reservation, NM)
4807:Rough Point Community
4355:Catholic Encyclopedia
4303:Middle Ground Project
4276:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
4240:Kansas City, Missouri
4215:61.4 (2019): 821-862.
4102:Left Handed (1967) .
3909:Adair, John (1989) .
3854:Nativenetworks.si.edu
3555:Native Appropriations
3266:Alison R. Bernstein,
2885:FORT DEFIANCE CHAPTER
2632:Plains Anthropologist
1907:U.S. State Department
1721:outfielder (enrolled
1671:
1500:
1489:
1481:
1393:
1385:
1310:
1300:is the Blessing Way (
1208:
1200:
1151:
1144:Traditional dwellings
1092:One-walks-around clan
1018:There is a system of
969:
855:
776:Mary Cabot Wheelright
759:
751:Franklin D. Roosevelt
640:
512:in 1846 when General
370:hunters and gatherers
317:
309:
166:Related ethnic groups
154:Indigenous Religion,
115:2016 Canadian Census.
4813:Rough Rock Community
4795:Many Farms Community
4073:Bighorse the Warrior
3970:(3rd edition, 2006,
3880:Peterson Zah Summary
3737:"Blanket Statements"
3674:Adair, John (2015).
3429:Navajo Creation Myth
3255:Integrated Education
2379:www12.statcan.gc.ca/
2196:United States portal
2005:, traditional singer
1924:Clara Nezbah Sherman
1897:(born 1954), master
1867:(born 1948), painter
1800:(1928â2022), painter
1757:during World War II.
659:Navajo Tribal Police
633:Navajo trading posts
518:MexicanâAmerican War
454:Santa Fe, New Mexico
355:Navajo Sign Language
310:A 19th-century hogan
288:federally recognized
135:Navajo Sign Language
19:For other uses, see
4891:List of communities
4600:Livestock Reduction
4572:(1600s–1700s)
4507:Navajo-Churro sheep
4313:Washington Matthews
4309:Navajo Silversmiths
3802:on February 8, 2009
3735:Denver Art Museum.
2590:10.1017/aaq.2020.34
2471:"Navaho or Navajo?"
2454:American Factfinder
2204:Navajo-Churro sheep
2171:, poet and lecturer
2100:Lilakai Julian Neil
2052:Annie Dodge Wauneka
1926:(1914â2010), weaver
1903:cultural ambassador
1840:(born 1940), artist
1573:Alonso de Benavides
1549:Don Lorenzo Hubbell
1271:San Francisco Peaks
1066:
1002:, the Navajos were
976:(Apaches de) NavajĂł
866:Navajo code talkers
767:. 1941. Taken near
184:Northern Athabascan
176:Southern Athabascan
46:
4940:Indigenous peoples
4825:Tuba City Boarding
4740:Tuba City USD (AZ)
4733:Red Valley/Cove HS
4706:Monument Valley HS
4327:2021-04-18 at the
4266:2012-09-16 at the
4104:Son of Old Man Hat
3742:2010-12-07 at the
3719:2010-08-24 at the
3602:www.hanksville.org
3573:www.firstpeople.us
3548:2016-04-06 at the
3399:Coastal Web Weaver
3351:Lauren Del Carlo,
2578:American Antiquity
2541:2014-11-12 at the
2437:2012-01-01 at the
2356:2021-05-12 at the
2349:Becenti, Arlyssa.
1889:Gerald Nailor, Sr.
1844:Carl Nelson Gorman
1826:Mary Holiday Black
1737:, captured by the
1685:
1654:Sun" in English).
1567:Population history
1509:
1495:
1484:
1404:
1388:
1222:
1203:
1154:
1139:Navajo ethnobotany
1064:
1051:NaashtÊŒĂ©zhĂ dinĂ©âe
972:
941:. You can help by
858:
772:
693:Beautiful Mountain
647:
530:Alexander Doniphan
510:United States Army
495:In 1800, Governor
320:
312:
5152:
5151:
4899:
4898:
4879:
4878:
4771:Greyhills Acad HS
4723:Red Mesa USD (AZ)
4596:(1873–1895)
4317:Project Gutenberg
4159:978-0-87480-624-3
4050:978-0-385-50777-6
4031:978-0-89281-434-3
4010:978-0-19-513877-1
3922:978-0-8061-2215-1
3240:Brian W. Dippie,
2651:, p. 19, 62.
2534:Watkins, Thayer.
2165:, author and poet
2159:, author and chef
2070:Christina Haswood
1693:nuclear physicist
1601:was shown at the
1283:Hesperus Mountain
1117:
1116:
1102:Bitter Water clan
1070:Diné Bizaad name
1053:referring to the
1047:AsdzÄ
ÌÄ
Ì NĂĄdleehĂ©
959:
958:
560:James H. Carleton
526:a treaty of peace
514:Stephen W. Kearny
345:; the Navajo and
227:
226:
190:
189:
5202:
5101:
5093:Ancestral Pueblo
4938:
4937:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4903:
4783:Kaibeto Boarding
4701:Kayenta USD (AZ)
4620:
4576:Navajo Wars
4570:Navajo pueblitos
4397:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4359:
4351:
4249:
4208:
4132:
4115:
4084:
4054:
4035:
4014:
3995:
3969:
3950:
3926:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3856:. Archived from
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3798:. Archived from
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3751:
3733:
3727:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3565:
3559:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3457:"Navajo Culture"
3453:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3391:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3325:Kluckhohn, Clyde
3321:
3310:
3303:
3297:
3292:Judy Pasternak,
3290:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3171:10.2307/25443605
3154:
3148:
3147:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3102:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3019:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2986:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2953:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2920:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2755:
2749:
2735:Simpson, James H
2732:
2726:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2674:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2466:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2371:
2365:
2347:
2327:
2325:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2240:
2209:Navajo pueblitos
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2132:, member of the
2124:Joe Shirley, Jr.
2072:, member of the
2046:Henry Chee Dodge
1820:Joyce Begay-Foss
1719:New York Yankees
1675:, pictured in a
1419:handmade jewelry
1292:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1220:
1218:Edward S. Curtis
1181:
1180:
1067:
1059:NaashgalĂ dinĂ©âĂ©
1011:Navajo Clans or
993:
992:
954:
951:
933:
926:
817:Great Depression
769:Canyon de Chelly
698:Henry Chee Dodge
610:Mescalero Apache
545:Canyon de Chelly
481:
480:
446:Apachu de Nabajo
359:Plains Sign Talk
329:which they call
192:
65:Total population
54:
47:
44:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5136:
5097:
5081:
5008:Southern Paiute
4946:
4932:
4930:
4900:
4895:
4875:
4852:
4836:
4756:
4689:Ganado USD (AZ)
4660:Chinle USD (AZ)
4623:District public
4611:
4546:
4516:
4465:
4419:Council Chamber
4402:
4391:
4345:
4329:Wayback Machine
4289:, official site
4283:
4268:Wayback Machine
4259:Witte, Daniel.
4228:
4205:
4192:
4118:
4101:
4078:
4061:
4059:Further reading
4051:
4038:
4032:
4017:
4011:
3998:
3981:
3966:
3953:
3947:
3929:
3923:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3863:
3861:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3803:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3744:Wayback Machine
3734:
3730:
3721:Wayback Machine
3712:
3708:
3701:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3611:
3609:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3582:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3550:Wayback Machine
3540:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3499:on 5 March 2016
3496:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3463:
3461:Discover Navajo
3455:
3454:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3408:
3406:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3323:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3300:
3291:
3287:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3218:
3214:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3088:Peter Iverson,
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:10.25894/ldd241
3055:. p. 117.
3052:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2834:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2733:
2729:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2683:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2543:Wayback Machine
2533:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2452:
2448:
2439:Wayback Machine
2429:
2425:
2419:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2364:, 26 April 2021
2358:Wayback Machine
2348:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2303:; also spelled
2297:
2293:
2270:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2175:Elizabeth Woody
2157:Freddie Bitsoie
2153:
2080:Peter MacDonald
2036:
2029:, ballet dancer
2021:R. Carlos Nakai
2009:James and Ernie
1985:Jeremiah Bitsui
1981:
1960:Emmi Whitehorse
1918:Marilou Schultz
1877:Betty Manygoats
1838:Lorenzo Clayton
1794:
1788:
1715:Jacoby Ellsbury
1703:Notah Begay III
1673:Jacoby Ellsbury
1666:
1660:
1626:Morgan Spurlock
1593:
1569:
1506:Brooklyn Museum
1476:
1470:
1462:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1350:
1336:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1236:
1216:
1195:
1189:
1175:
1171:The Blessingway
1146:
1141:
1135:
1122:
1016:
987:
964:
955:
949:
946:
939:needs expansion
924:
910:
883:
874:
850:
809:
803:
712:
706:
651:"Indian Scouts"
635:
629:
627:Reservation era
602:
596:
566:was at the new
506:
489:Chuska Mountain
473:
460:comes from the
304:
299:
274:Navajo language
210:
81:
60:
38:
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5208:
5206:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5062:Western Apache
5059:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5045:Akimel O'odham
5042:
5040:Tohono OÊŒodham
5032:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4767:
4765:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4677:Navajo Pine HS
4669:
4668:
4667:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4630:Cedar USD (AZ)
4626:
4624:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4562:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:Chapter houses
4443:
4438:
4433:
4431:Vice President
4428:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4319:
4306:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4281:External links
4279:
4278:
4277:
4270:
4257:
4250:
4246:newspapers.com
4226:
4219:
4209:
4203:
4190:
4183:
4170:Plog, Stephen
4168:
4161:
4147:
4144:Navajo Roundup
4140:
4133:
4116:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4076:
4069:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4036:
4030:
4015:
4009:
3996:
3979:
3976:978-0131928763
3965:978-0136243625
3964:
3951:
3945:
3931:Iverson, Peter
3927:
3921:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3870:
3850:"Klee Benally"
3841:
3825:www.ylolfa.com
3812:
3783:
3769:
3752:
3728:
3706:
3699:
3681:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3640:, p. 135.
3630:
3618:
3589:
3560:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3472:
3445:
3415:
3381:
3379:, p. 133.
3369:
3357:
3344:
3338:0-674-6060-3-5
3337:
3311:
3298:
3285:
3272:
3259:
3246:
3233:
3212:
3192:
3165:(4): 437â455.
3149:
3142:
3122:
3115:
3094:
3081:
3037:
3030:
3004:
2997:
2971:
2964:
2938:
2931:
2902:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2832:
2807:
2800:
2775:
2768:
2750:
2727:
2711:
2699:
2692:
2662:
2653:
2641:
2622:
2603:
2584:(3): 470â491.
2564:
2551:
2527:
2487:10.2307/977783
2461:
2446:
2423:
2417:
2396:
2366:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:Navajoceratops
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2169:Luci Tapahonso
2166:
2163:Sherwin Bitsui
2160:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2040:Chris Deschene
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:Teresa Montoya
1969:
1966:Melanie Yazzie
1963:
1957:
1951:
1948:Tyrrell Tapaha
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1871:Yazzie Johnson
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1810:Harrison Begay
1807:
1801:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1767:Cory Witherill
1764:
1761:Krystal Tsosie
1758:
1748:
1742:
1732:
1726:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1677:Boston Red Sox
1659:
1656:
1633:Tony Hillerman
1608:The Navajo Boy
1592:
1589:
1568:
1565:
1522:Plains Indians
1474:Navajo weaving
1472:Main article:
1469:
1466:
1407:Silversmithing
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1366:Main article:
1363:
1360:
1335:
1332:
1311:
1277:DookÊŒoÊŒoosĆĂĂd
1188:
1185:
1145:
1142:
1137:Main article:
1134:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:HashtĆâishnii
1105:
1104:
1099:
1098:TĂłdichâii'nii
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1015:
1009:
963:
960:
957:
956:
936:
934:
909:
906:
899:Camp Pendleton
882:
879:
873:
872:Uranium mining
870:
849:
846:
802:
799:
708:Main article:
705:
702:
678:Navajo Springs
628:
625:
598:Main article:
595:
592:
577:Bosque Redondo
505:
502:
450:San Juan River
444:in 1622, used
303:
300:
298:
295:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
204:
200:
199:
196:
188:
187:
168:
167:
163:
162:
151:
150:
146:
145:
123:
122:
118:
117:
77:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
55:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5207:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5147:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
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4966:
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4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4801:Many Farms HS
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4789:Leupp Schools
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Page USD (AZ)
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4636:
4635:White Cone HS
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4594:Navajo Scouts
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4578: (1800s)
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4559:The Emergence
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4529:ĂdahoonĂĆĂgĂĂ
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4441:Supreme Court
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4400:Navajo Nation
4396:
4388:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4287:Navajo Nation
4285:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4204:0-912586-18-4
4200:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:0-500-27939-X
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3946:0-7910-8595-3
3942:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3860:on 2011-12-11
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3801:
3797:
3796:navajoboy.com
3793:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3700:9780764325779
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3652:, p. 44.
3651:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3532:, p. 90.
3531:
3526:
3523:
3520:, p. 88.
3519:
3514:
3511:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3416:
3405:on 2016-04-18
3404:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3367:, p. 23.
3366:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3145:
3143:9780826327185
3139:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3116:0-912586-18-4
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3031:0-8058-3760-4
3027:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2998:0-8058-3760-4
2994:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2965:0-8058-3760-4
2961:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2932:0-8058-3760-4
2928:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:9780547640983
2825:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2801:0-912586-16-8
2797:
2792:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2769:9780816504954
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2747:0-8061-3570-0
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2693:9780894172922
2689:
2682:
2681:
2673:
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2669:
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2663:
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2650:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2595:
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2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2418:3-12-539683-2
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:Jones, Daniel
2400:
2397:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2288:
2239:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Navajo Nation
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2144:Navajo Nation
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:Chris Stearns
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:Radmilla Cody
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:Quincy Tahoma
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:Navajo weaver
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:(1914â2012),
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:Nicco Montaño
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:Joe Kieyoomia
1733:
1730:
1729:Rickie Fowler
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1658:Navajo people
1657:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1571:According to
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1209:HastobĂga, a
1207:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:HonĂĄghĂĄahnii
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:KinyaaâĂĄanii
1077:
1076:
1073:English name
1072:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
991:
984:
981:
977:
968:
961:
953:
944:
940:
937:This section
935:
932:
928:
927:
923:
919:
915:
907:
905:
902:
900:
896:
891:
888:
880:
878:
871:
869:
867:
864:Four hundred
862:
854:
847:
845:
842:
836:
834:
828:
825:
820:
818:
814:
808:
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
784:
781:
777:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
752:
747:
745:
741:
740:Meriam Report
736:
734:
730:
724:
722:
721:Fort Defiance
718:
711:
703:
701:
699:
694:
689:
685:
681:
679:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
644:
639:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
615:In 1868, the
613:
611:
607:
601:
593:
591:
588:
586:
585:Fort Defiance
580:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
528:with Colonel
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
503:
501:
498:
493:
490:
486:
482:
479:
478:
469:
467:
463:
462:Tewa language
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
419:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:Three Sisters
375:
374:Pueblo people
371:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
316:
308:
302:Early history
301:
296:
294:
292:
289:
285:
284:Navajo Nation
280:
277:
275:
271:
270:West Virginia
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Navajo Nation
242:
240:
236:
232:
223:
220:
216:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
161:
157:
152:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
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112:
110:
105:
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97:
93:
89:
85:
84:Navajo Nation
80:United States
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
45:
43:
29:
22:
5142:
5057:Southern Ute
5052:Tonto Apache
4864:Diné College
4745:Tuba City HS
4637:, now closed
4606:Code talkers
4557:
4536:Navajo Times
4534:
4527:
4502:Navajo dolls
4353:
4315:, 1883 from
4273:
4253:
4234:
4222:
4212:
4194:
4186:
4171:
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4020:
4000:
3983:
3955:
3935:
3911:
3903:Bibliography
3889:. Retrieved
3879:
3873:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:the original
3853:
3844:
3833:. Retrieved
3824:
3815:
3804:. Retrieved
3800:the original
3795:
3786:
3772:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3731:
3723:
3709:
3690:
3684:
3675:
3669:
3664:, p. 9.
3657:
3645:
3633:
3628:, p. 4.
3621:
3610:. Retrieved
3601:
3592:
3581:. Retrieved
3572:
3563:
3553:
3537:
3530:Sandner 1991
3525:
3518:Sandner 1991
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3464:. Retrieved
3460:
3437:. Retrieved
3428:
3418:
3407:. Retrieved
3403:the original
3398:
3372:
3365:Iverson 2006
3360:
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3347:
3328:
3306:
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3262:
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3202:
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3158:
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3132:
3125:
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3089:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3015:
3007:
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2949:
2941:
2916:
2893:. Retrieved
2884:
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2649:Iverson 2006
2644:
2635:
2631:
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2616:
2612:
2606:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2530:
2519:. Retrieved
2481:(1): 85â90.
2478:
2475:The Americas
2474:
2464:
2449:
2441:
2426:
2408:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
2362:Navajo Times
2361:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2304:
2238:
2140:Peterson Zah
2106:Jonathan Nez
2086:Mark Maryboy
2058:Thomas Dodge
2015:Carmen Moore
2011:, comedy duo
1997:Raven Chacon
1974:, film maker
1936:Tommy Singer
1856:Hastiin Klah
1850:R. C. Gorman
1832:Raven Chacon
1798:Beatien Yazz
1776:Aaron Yazzie
1709:Klee Benally
1652:
1645:
1631:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1591:In the media
1570:
1560:
1557:natural dyes
1545:Teec Nos Pos
1544:
1534:
1530:Philadelphia
1526:
1510:
1501:
1461:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1414:
1405:
1368:Navajo music
1355:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ
1353:
1351:
1325:
1321:
1313:In Tsegihi ,
1312:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1259:Mount Taylor
1234:
1230:DinĂ© BahaneÊŒ
1225:
1223:
1210:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1123:
1120:Gender roles
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1004:semi-nomadic
997:
986:
982:
975:
973:
947:
943:adding to it
938:
903:
892:
884:
875:
863:
859:
837:
829:
824:John Collier
821:
810:
795:
785:founded the
783:Hastiin Klah
780:medicine man
773:
760:
748:
737:
732:
728:
725:
713:
690:
686:
682:
670:
666:Indian agent
663:
657:founded the
648:
642:
614:
603:
589:
581:
568:Fort Wingate
557:
552:
549:
538:
534:Fort Wingate
507:
494:
485:Mount Taylor
472:
470:
465:
457:
445:
437:
433:
431:
414:
367:
363:
338:
334:
330:
321:
281:
278:
254:Four Corners
243:
230:
228:
160:Christianity
107:
39:
33:Ethnic group
5107:Basketmaker
4973:Halchidhoma
4884:Communities
4831:Navajo Prep
4819:Shonto Prep
4752:Winslow USD
4728:Red Mesa HS
4682:Tohatchi HS
4653:Shiprock HS
4487:Ethnobotany
4461:Miss Navajo
4334:Navajo Arts
4165:Navajo Wars
3279:Bernstein,
3074:14 December
2389:31 December
2136:since 2022.
2076:since 2021.
2064:Albert Hale
2034:Politicians
1930:Ryan Singer
1912:Atsidi Sani
1865:David Johns
1751:Chester Nez
1537:Navajo rugs
1447:pomegranate
1415:Nakai Tsosi
1411:Atsidi Sani
1373:Visual arts
1306:AnaÊŒĂ NdĂĄĂĄÊŒ
1302:HĂłzhÇ«ÌÇ«ÌjĂ)
1289:Dibé Nitsaa
1247:Blanca Peak
1133:Ethnobotany
1127:bridewealth
1035:matrilineal
998:Like other
950:August 2016
833:matrilineal
765:Ansel Adams
744:Hubert Work
621:reservation
606:Fort Sumner
553:Naahondzood
331:Diné bizaad
250:reservation
207:Diné Bizaad
178:) peoples,
5159:Categories
4963:Chiricahua
4958:Chemehuevi
4648:Newcomb HS
4542:KTNN Radio
4340:The Navajo
4096:The Navajo
3936:The Navajo
3891:2016-04-02
3864:2012-01-31
3835:2019-08-01
3806:2009-02-26
3792:"Synopsis"
3662:Adair 1989
3650:Adair 1989
3638:Adair 1989
3626:Adair 1989
3612:2021-10-13
3583:2021-10-13
3466:2023-12-04
3439:2016-05-31
3409:2016-05-31
3377:Kehoe 1992
3329:The Navaho
3213:0803297246
2707:Sides 2006
2638:: 149â161.
2619:: 139â164.
2521:2020-12-14
2334:References
2118:Ben Shelly
2112:Buu Nygren
2023:, musician
1999:, composer
1979:Performers
1804:Apie Begay
1790:See also:
1697:Korean War
1689:Fred Begay
1662:See also:
1647:Dark Winds
1581:New Mexico
1378:Silverwork
1338:See also:
1253:SisnaajinĂ
1191:See also:
1178:hĂłzhÇ«ÌÇ«ÌjĂ
1039:matrilocal
912:See also:
908:After 1945
805:See also:
631:See also:
564:Kit Carson
424:goods for
420:and woven
266:New Mexico
186:) peoples
104:California
96:New Mexico
5143:See also:
5099:dwellings
5028:Hopi-Tewa
4978:Havasupai
4694:Ganado HS
4665:Chinle HS
4616:Education
4426:President
3222:cite book
3187:147597303
2598:0002-7316
2511:144292342
2495:0003-1615
2027:Jock Soto
2017:, actress
1991:Blackfire
1457:Turquoise
1423:necklaces
1400:dragonfly
1344:Black God
1057:, of the
1028:exogamous
1000:Apacheans
822:In 1933,
671:In 1883,
655:Manuelito
645:1880â1910
594:Long Walk
572:Mescalero
402:Spaniards
400:from the
212:Hand Talk
121:Languages
57:Manuelito
5117:Mogollon
4993:Maricopa
4988:Hualapai
4857:Tertiary
4482:Language
4325:Archived
4264:Archived
4129:60013480
4112:67004921
3992:64020759
3933:(2006).
3885:Archived
3829:Archived
3740:Archived
3717:Archived
3606:Archived
3577:Archived
3546:Archived
3433:Archived
3283:pp 46â49
3179:25443605
3065:Archived
2889:Archived
2539:Archived
2515:Archived
2435:Archived
2383:Archived
2354:Archived
2322:NaabeehĂł
2296:-É-hoh,
2182:See also
2094:Red Mesa
1954:Klah Tso
1681:baseball
1431:earrings
1265:TsoodziĆ
1226:HĂłzhóójĂ
1212:HataaĆii
1163:kinaaldĂĄ
1112:Mud clan
791:Santa Fe
761:Untitled
410:blankets
203:Language
172:Apachean
149:Religion
92:Colorado
5132:Sinagua
5122:Patayan
5112:Hohokam
5072:Yavapai
5035:OÊŒodham
5018:Quechan
4968:Cocopah
4944:Arizona
4841:Private
4764:/Tribal
4608:(1940s)
4602:(1930s)
4565:Dinétah
4551:History
4497:Weaving
4470:Culture
4456:Rangers
4414:Council
4217:summary
2718:9
2151:Writers
1987:, actor
1905:of the
1816:painter
1786:Artists
1699:veteran
1621:30 Days
1577:Arizona
1553:Persian
1468:Weaving
1435:buckles
1427:bracers
1402:designs
1328:witches
1240:Dinétah
962:Culture
522:Narbona
477:Dinétah
438:Quechos
434:Apaches
324:Na-Dené
297:History
258:Arizona
237:of the
222:Dinétah
218:Country
143:Spanish
139:English
88:Arizona
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5003:Navajo
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1451:najahe
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920:, and
497:Chacon
466:Navajo
458:Navahu
422:cotton
390:squash
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351:Alaska
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343:Apache
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272:. The
264:, and
233:are a
231:Navajo
195:People
127:Navajo
109:Canada
37:Navajo
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4869:Press
4521:Media
4492:Music
4311:, by
3552:" at
3497:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3183:S2CID
3175:JSTOR
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3053:(PDF)
2720:Stat.
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2499:JSTOR
2230:Notes
2090:Aneth
1439:bolos
1362:Music
1158:hogan
1020:clans
733:SilĂĄo
729:SilĂĄo
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4809:(AZ)
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4773:(AZ)
4436:Flag
4199:ISBN
4176:ISBN
4155:ISBN
4125:LCCN
4108:LCCN
4045:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3988:LCCN
3972:ISBN
3960:ISBN
3941:ISBN
3917:ISBN
3695:ISBN
3505:2016
3333:ISBN
3228:link
3208:ISBN
3138:ISBN
3111:ISBN
3076:2020
3026:ISBN
3024:â1.
2993:ISBN
2960:ISBN
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2927:ISBN
2897:2017
2824:ISBN
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2314:Diné
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1579:and
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990:Diné
980:Tewa
887:USMC
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487:and
406:wool
396:and
382:corn
262:Utah
229:The
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