53:
631:
Many other historical names for this condition (and
Vincent's angina) have occurred, including: "acute membranous gingivitis", "fusospirillary gingivitis", " fusospirillosis", "fusospirochetal gingivitis", "phagedenic gingivitis", "Vincent stomatitis", "Vincent gingivitis", and "Vincent infection".
627:
evolved because the disease was observed in front line soldiers during World War I, thought to be a result at least partly because of extreme psychologic stress they were exposed to. The same condition was appearing in civilians during periods of bombing raids, who were away from the front line, and
579:
Predisposing factors include smoking, viral respiratory infections and immune defects, such as in HIV/AIDS. Uncommon, except in lower socioeconomic classes, this typically affects adolescents and young adults, especially in institutions, armed forces, etc., or people with HIV/AIDS. The disease has
620:. Later in 1904, Vincent describes the same pathogenic organisms in "ulceronecrotic gingivitis". Vincent's angina is sometimes confused with NUG, however the former is tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and the latter involves the gums, and usually the two conditions occur in isolation from each other.
571:
In developed countries, this disease occurs mostly in young adults. In developing countries, NUG may occur in children of low socioeconomic status, usually occurring with malnutrition (especially inadequate protein intake) and shortly after the onset of viral infections (e.g.
518:
Necrotizing periodontitis (NP) is where the infection leads to attachment loss, and involves only the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar ligament. Progression of the disease into tissue beyond the mucogingival junction characterizes necrotizing stomatitis.
962:
947:
654:
The 1999 American
Academy of Periodontology Classification termed the condition "necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis". The "ulcerative" descriptor was removed from the name, because ulceration is considered to be secondary to the necrosis.
1774:
356:) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name
628:
who had relatively good diets during wartime due to rationing, so it is assumed that psychologic stress was the significant causative factor. It has also been associated with high tobacco use in the army.
559:
and can spread, as necrotizing stomatitis or noma, into neighbouring tissues in the cheeks, lips or the bones of the jaw. As stated, the condition can occur and be especially dangerous in people with
643:, and it was even called HIV-associated periodontitis. It is now understood that its association with HIV/AIDS was due to the immunocompromised status of such patients; it also occurs with higher
1767:
592:
observes sore mouth and foul smelling breath in Greek soldiers in the 4th century BC. Hunter describes the clinical features of necrotizing gingivitis in 1778, differentiating it from
3370:
1176:
1760:
515:. It is the most minor form of this spectrum, with more advanced stages being termed necrotizing periodontitis, necrotizing stomatitis, and the most extreme, cancrum oris.
3552:
1376:
1341:
487:
The following zones of infection have been described (superficial to deep): the bacterial zone, the neutrophil rich zone, the necrotic zone and the spirochetal zone.
372:
In the early stages some affected people may complain of a feeling of tightness around the teeth. Three signs/symptoms must be present to diagnose this condition:
2599:
3557:
480:
that occurs on a background of impaired local or systemic host defenses. The predisposing factors for necrotizing gingivitis are smoking, psychological stress,
1795:
427:(noma) is a very rare complication, usually in debilitated children. Similar features but with more intense pain may be seen in necrotizing periodontitis in
635:
In the late 1980s-early 1990s, it was originally thought that some necrotizing periodontal diseases seen in severely affected AIDS patients were strictly a
4214:
306:(the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing periodontitis (NP) and necrotizing stomatitis, is classified as a
2211:
1051:
704:"Acute periodontal lesions (periodontal abscesses and necrotizing periodontal diseases) and endo-periodontal lesions: Dd56II Joint EFP-AAP Workshop"
4184:
3382:
3333:
1196:
325:
which is rarely painful. If NG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly
1585:
1215:
888:
3867:
3710:
1545:
1540:
302:) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of
2984:
2468:
4111:
2744:
1489:
831:
781:
547:. As these diseases are often associated with systemic medical issues, proper management of the systemic disorders is appropriate.
4086:
4023:
4018:
3900:
3328:
3308:
2220:
1186:
512:
307:
3932:
3569:
3023:
1356:
1326:
181:
4209:
3917:
3752:
3757:
1191:
3281:
2890:
2594:
2579:
2517:
2463:
2386:
2204:
2168:
1843:
1044:
3809:
3772:
3502:
2783:
2695:
1029:
913:
NYS Department of Health AIDS Institute. "Clinical
Manifestations and Management of HIV-Related Periodontal Disease".
60:
A fairly mild presentation of necrotizing gingivitis at the typical site on the gums of the anterior mandibular teeth.
563:. This progression to noma is possible in malnourished susceptible individuals, with severe disfigurement possible.
3819:
3767:
3574:
3507:
3276:
2776:
2771:
2722:
1752:
255:
251:
364:
as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
3824:
3542:
3446:
2917:
2381:
2159:
2140:
2106:
1741:
1515:
4131:
3910:
3895:
3591:
3547:
3492:
3365:
3323:
3091:
2937:
2113:
2062:
1570:
1550:
1505:
1479:
1346:
1301:
1236:
1171:
1166:
977:
423:). Pain is fairly well localized to the affected areas. Systemic reactions may be more pronounced in children.
416:
3964:
3296:
4224:
4028:
3829:
3794:
3620:
3487:
3291:
3071:
2912:
2858:
2788:
2710:
2690:
2677:
2654:
2197:
2152:
1736:
1640:
1484:
1447:
1412:
1392:
1229:
1037:
477:
104:
4174:
4141:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3741:
3668:
3624:
3520:
3515:
3301:
3131:
3126:
3101:
2947:
2878:
2705:
2614:
2532:
2259:
2145:
1986:
1787:
1731:
601:
246:
2798:
2522:
344:. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NP is used. Treatment of NG is by
3983:
3885:
3497:
3375:
3355:
3237:
3196:
3059:
3047:
2996:
2659:
2120:
2051:
1565:
1560:
1243:
1161:
1136:
1121:
1116:
597:
449:
322:
121:
2732:
52:
4081:
3720:
3705:
3271:
3204:
2810:
2542:
2099:
2092:
2042:
1922:
1890:
1695:
1670:
1580:
1474:
1321:
1271:
1250:
1206:
1126:
1096:
283:
165:
4136:
3872:
3852:
3842:
3715:
3648:
3530:
3525:
3451:
3350:
3003:
2927:
2766:
2715:
2664:
2644:
2557:
2547:
2473:
2448:
2306:
1868:
1783:
1710:
1593:
1575:
1525:
1407:
1361:
1257:
1131:
966:
617:
440:
420:
340:
Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and
303:
226:
222:
117:
2413:
4179:
4033:
3837:
3653:
3601:
3562:
3259:
3175:
3106:
2815:
2639:
2619:
2572:
2458:
2403:
2366:
2356:
2341:
2271:
2030:
1856:
1833:
1608:
1331:
1222:
326:
259:
77:
4126:
4101:
3762:
773:
4219:
3877:
3466:
3431:
3264:
3160:
3018:
2942:
2649:
2589:
2552:
2527:
2376:
2254:
2249:
2020:
1680:
1665:
1630:
1603:
1530:
1520:
1422:
1296:
1279:
1153:
1086:
1017:
988:
892:
870:
827:
777:
725:
605:
341:
208:
169:
65:
3847:
3482:
3472:
3436:
3345:
3096:
3035:
2969:
2959:
2907:
2805:
2700:
2537:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1912:
1907:
1896:
1700:
1645:
1598:
1316:
860:
765:
715:
560:
4003:
3789:
3584:
3477:
3313:
3232:
3212:
3136:
3121:
2991:
2895:
2863:
2834:
2756:
2682:
2478:
2361:
2351:
2296:
2281:
2177:
1951:
1927:
1861:
1813:
1650:
1351:
1111:
1106:
613:
263:
141:
1690:
4169:
4121:
4091:
3959:
3890:
3857:
3579:
3318:
3052:
2932:
2727:
2512:
2325:
2173:
2131:
1966:
1791:
1555:
1061:
865:
848:
616:, causing "ulcero-membranous pharyngitis and tonsillitis", which later became known as
330:
234:
189:
70:
317:
The often severe gum pain that characterizes NG distinguishes it from the more common
4203:
4071:
3949:
3777:
3596:
3360:
3340:
3249:
3116:
3076:
2873:
2634:
2609:
2584:
2562:
2346:
2336:
2301:
1991:
1804:
1715:
1675:
1397:
1371:
1366:
1181:
1081:
766:
648:
544:
473:
455:
353:
311:
287:
133:
971:
3922:
3698:
3693:
3678:
3658:
3628:
3461:
3170:
3111:
3042:
2964:
2954:
2922:
2885:
2846:
2838:
2453:
2408:
2393:
2291:
2286:
2189:
2083:
1902:
1705:
1660:
1535:
1437:
1432:
1417:
1076:
624:
556:
532:
481:
424:
273:
201:
197:
173:
161:
19:
This article is about the physiologic disorder. For the similarly named band, see
982:
4116:
4106:
4096:
4013:
4008:
3939:
3013:
2974:
2793:
2669:
2629:
2497:
2418:
2398:
2035:
2010:
1685:
1635:
1264:
1012:
669:
664:
543:. If there is systemic involvement, then oral antibiotics may be given, such as
528:
460:
383:
361:
345:
148:
137:
129:
20:
993:
4076:
3862:
3688:
3456:
3286:
3227:
3165:
3155:
3148:
3143:
3081:
3064:
3008:
2979:
2900:
2761:
2739:
2624:
2604:
1976:
1655:
1510:
1402:
1336:
1306:
956:
644:
540:
496:
349:
334:
318:
177:
86:
729:
3944:
3927:
3663:
3441:
3244:
2868:
2751:
2371:
2266:
2244:
2057:
1823:
1442:
1427:
536:
465:
398:
238:
125:
874:
824:
Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment
499:; blood picture occasionally. The important differentiation is with acute
3954:
3905:
3673:
3426:
3407:
3387:
3208:
3086:
3030:
2276:
2067:
1880:
1839:
1311:
1091:
720:
703:
589:
500:
472:
Necrotizing gingivitis may also be associated with diseases in which the
444:
428:
390:
tissue. The papillary necrosis of NG has been described as "punched out".
387:
214:
94:
939:
4040:
3998:
3683:
3643:
3537:
3411:
3200:
2567:
1101:
915:
Oral Health Care for People with HIV Infection: HIV Clinical
Guidelines
636:
609:
573:
495:
Diagnosis is usually clinical. Smear for fusospirochaetal bacteria and
408:
185:
3782:
3254:
2842:
2437:
951:
826:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 101, 347.
593:
702:
Herrera, D., Retamal-Valdes, B., Alonso, B., Feres, M. (June 2018).
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
412:
218:
193:
90:
476:
is compromised, including HIV/AIDS. Necrotizing gingivitis is an
1848:
230:
157:
97:
82:
4158:
4057:
3981:
3739:
3618:
3404:
3194:
2832:
2495:
2435:
2323:
2231:
2193:
1756:
1033:
764:
Lindhe, Jan; Lang, Niklaus P.; Karring, Thorkild, eds. (2008).
511:
Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed
2233:
640:
580:
occurred in epidemic-like patterns, but it is not contagious.
555:
Untreated, the infection may lead to rapid destruction of the
153:
849:"The Relation of Peri-dental Gingivitis to Vincent's Angina"
379:
Profuse gum bleeding that requires little or no provocation.
531:
of necrotic areas (areas of dead and/or dying gum tissue),
394:
Other signs and symptoms may be present, but not always.
817:
815:
813:
759:
588:
Necrotizing gingivitis has been observed for centuries.
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
772:(5th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard. pp.
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
439:
Necrotizing periodontal diseases are caused by a mixed
16:
Non-contagious, painful bacterial infection of the gums
1177:
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
1060:
Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
929:
2130:
2082:
2018:
2009:
1974:
1965:
1878:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1724:
1623:
1498:
1467:
1460:
1385:
1289:
1205:
1152:
1145:
1069:
1003:
933:
279:
269:
245:
207:
147:
113:
103:
76:
64:
36:
31:
3633:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
647:in association with other diseases in which the
3988:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
2600:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
312:gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums
3558:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
2205:
1768:
1045:
768:Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry
608:describes a fusospirochetal infection of the
8:
853:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
4155:
4054:
3978:
3736:
3615:
3401:
3191:
2829:
2492:
2432:
2320:
2228:
2212:
2198:
2190:
2015:
1971:
1818:
1809:
1775:
1761:
1753:
1464:
1149:
1052:
1038:
1030:
930:
891:. Medterms.com. 2001-09-13. Archived from
604:, a French physician working at the Paris
51:
28:
864:
719:
419:are rare (unlike the typical features of
4185:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
3334:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
1197:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
681:
3371:As a manifestation of systemic disease
1586:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
7:
3217:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
1172:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
310:, one of the three general types of
3868:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
3711:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
4215:Conditions of the mucous membranes
2985:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
2469:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
1167:Localized aggressive periodontitis
847:Taylor, FE; McKinstry, WH (1917).
527:Treatment includes irrigation and
14:
1490:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
4087:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
4024:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
4019:Central hypoventilation syndrome
3901:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
3329:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
3309:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
2221:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
1187:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
513:necrotizing periodontal diseases
3933:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
3570:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
3024:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
417:cervical lymph node enlargement
308:necrotizing periodontal disease
182:necrotizing periodontal disease
3918:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
3753:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
889:"Definition of Vincent angina"
1:
4112:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
4061:Soft tissues around the mouth
3758:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
1192:Abscesses of the periodontium
3282:Gingival cyst of the newborn
2891:Failure of eruption of teeth
2595:Hand, foot and mouth disease
2580:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
2518:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
2464:Palatal cysts of the newborn
2387:Transient lingual papillitis
2169:Streptobacillus moniliformis
535:instruction and the uses of
213:Based on clinical findings (
3810:Salivary gland diverticulum
3773:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
2784:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
2696:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
1928:Louse borne relapsing fever
404:Bad taste (metallic taste).
4241:
3820:Salivary gland hyperplasia
3768:HIV salivary gland disease
3277:Gingival cyst of the adult
2723:Oral florid papillomatosis
1952:Tick borne relapsing fever
1546:Guided tissue regeneration
346:removal of dead gum tissue
256:mucous membrane pemphigoid
252:herpetic gingivostomatitis
18:
4165:
4154:
4067:
4059:Orofacial soft tissues –
4053:
3994:
3977:
3825:Salivary gland hypoplasia
3748:
3735:
3639:
3614:
3553:Bisphosphonate-associated
3447:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
3422:
3400:
3223:
3190:
2918:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
2854:
2828:
2508:
2491:
2444:
2431:
2382:Median rhomboid glossitis
2332:
2319:
2240:
2227:
2160:Fusobacterium polymorphum
2141:Fusobacterium necrophorum
2107:Capnocytophaga canimorsus
1516:Coronally positioned flap
822:Scully, Crispian (2008).
708:Journal of Periodontology
484:, and immunosuppression.
382:Interdental papillae are
59:
50:
4132:Orofacial granulomatosis
3911:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
3896:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
3830:Salivary gland neoplasms
3621:Temporomandibular joints
3592:Periapical periodontitis
3324:Linear gingival erythema
3092:Regional odontodysplasia
2938:Enamel hypocalcification
2114:Porphyromonas gingivalis
2063:Lymphogranuloma venereum
1571:Pocket reduction surgery
1551:Enamel matrix derivative
1541:Guided bone regeneration
1506:Apically positioned flap
1480:Scaling and root planing
1386:Treatment and prevention
1347:Linear gingival erythema
1302:Clinical attachment loss
1216:A. actinomycetemcomitans
503:or herpetic stomatitis.
342:a weakened immune system
4029:Obstructive sleep apnea
3795:Salivary duct stricture
3575:Paget's disease of bone
3072:Pulp canal obliteration
2913:Dentin hypersensitivity
2859:Amelogenesis imperfecta
2711:Squamous cell carcinoma
2691:Adenosquamous carcinoma
2678:Squamous cell papilloma
2655:Melanocytic oral lesion
2153:Fusobacterium nucleatum
1624:Important personalities
1485:Full mouth disinfection
1448:Host modulatory therapy
1413:Chlorhexidine gluconate
1393:Periodontal examination
859:(Laryngol Sect): 43–8.
561:weakened immune systems
478:opportunistic infection
4175:Hemifacial hypertrophy
4142:Pyostomatitis vegetans
3815:Salivary gland fistula
3805:Salivary gland atresia
3800:Salivary gland aplasia
3654:Mandibular dislocation
3625:muscles of mastication
3503:Calcifying odontogenic
3132:Vertical root fracture
3127:Cracked tooth syndrome
3102:Shovel-shaped incisors
2997:Wisdom tooth impaction
2879:Early childhood caries
2745:Benign mucous membrane
2706:Spindle cell carcinoma
2615:Intraoral dental sinus
2533:Burning mouth syndrome
1987:Leptospira interrogans
1342:Horizontal bony defect
602:Jean Hyacinthe Vincent
296:Necrotizing gingivitis
247:Differential diagnosis
32:Necrotizing gingivitis
4210:Periodontal disorders
3984:Stomatognathic system
3886:Acinic cell carcinoma
3508:Glandular odontogenic
2660:Molluscum contagiosum
2121:Prevotella intermedia
2052:Chlamydia trachomatis
1566:Open flap debridement
1561:Lateral pedicle graft
1162:Chronic periodontitis
1122:Mucogingival junction
1117:Junctional epithelium
598:chronic periodontitis
596:(avitaminosis C) and
323:chronic periodontitis
140:and compromised host
122:Prevotella intermedia
4127:Oral Crohn's disease
4082:Basal cell carcinoma
3721:Condylar hyperplasia
3706:Maxillary hypoplasia
3272:Gingival enlargement
3205:periodontal ligament
2811:Verruciform xanthoma
2543:Condyloma acuminatum
2100:Tannerella forsythia
2093:Bacteroides fragilis
2043:Chlamydia pneumoniae
1923:Borrelia recurrentis
1891:Borrelia burgdorferi
1696:Paul Roscoe Stillman
1671:Willoughby D. Miller
1641:Per-Ingvar BrĂĄnemark
1468:Conventional therapy
1377:Vertical bony defect
1322:Gingival enlargement
1272:Entamoeba gingivalis
1127:Periodontal ligament
1097:Free gingival margin
721:10.1002/JPER.16-0642
304:interdental papillae
284:debridement (dental)
166:psychological stress
4137:Perioral dermatitis
3873:Pleomorphic adenoma
3853:Monomorphic adenoma
3843:Canalicular adenoma
3716:Condylar hypoplasia
3649:Condylar resorption
3493:Lateral periodontal
3452:Mandibular fracture
3351:Periodontal abscess
2948:Turner's hypoplasia
2716:Verrucous carcinoma
2665:Morsicatio buccarum
2645:Lupus erythematosus
2558:Erythema multiforme
2474:Stomatitis nicotina
2146:Lemierre's syndrome
1869:Treponema denticola
1711:James Leon Williams
1576:Socket preservation
1526:Free gingival graft
1408:Bleeding on probing
1362:Periodontal disease
1132:Sulcular epithelium
441:bacterial infection
421:herpetic stomatitis
264:toothbrush abrasion
223:interdental papilla
118:bacterial infection
4180:Facial hemiatrophy
4034:Periodic breathing
3965:Sjögren's syndrome
3838:Basal cell adenoma
3602:Torus mandibularis
3580:Periapical abscess
3563:Osteoradionecrosis
3488:Buccal bifurcation
3467:Intraosseous cysts
3356:Periodontal trauma
3260:Pyogenic granuloma
3107:Supernumerary root
3060:Pulp calcification
3048:Premature eruption
3019:Odontogenic tumors
2816:White sponge nevus
2789:Submucous fibrosis
2733:Smoker's melanosis
2620:Irritation fibroma
2459:High-arched palate
2367:Foliate papillitis
2357:Cunnilingus tongue
2342:Black hairy tongue
2272:Congenital lip pit
2031:Chlamydia psittaci
1857:Treponema carateum
1834:Treponema pallidum
1784:Bacterial diseases
1357:Periodontal pocket
1332:Gingival recession
1223:Capnocytophaga sp.
1004:External resources
368:Signs and symptoms
327:anaerobic bacteria
260:pemphigus vulgaris
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4150:
4149:
4049:
4048:
3973:
3972:
3878:Sebaceous adenoma
3731:
3730:
3610:
3609:
3521:Median mandibular
3516:Nasopalatine duct
3432:Alveolar osteitis
3396:
3395:
3383:Perio-endo lesion
3265:Congenital epulis
3186:
3185:
2943:Enamel hypoplasia
2824:
2823:
2799:Riga–Fede disease
2650:Melanocytic nevus
2590:Hairy leukoplakia
2553:Epulis fissuratum
2487:
2486:
2427:
2426:
2377:Geographic tongue
2315:
2314:
2187:
2186:
2078:
2077:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1961:
1960:
1750:
1749:
1725:Other specialties
1681:John Mankey Riggs
1666:Preston D. Miller
1631:Tomas Albrektsson
1619:
1618:
1556:Implant placement
1531:Gingival grafting
1521:Crown lengthening
1456:
1455:
1423:Hydrogen peroxide
1280:Trichomonas tenax
1027:
1026:
606:Pasteur Institute
314:(periodontitis).
293:
292:
227:gingival bleeding
209:Diagnostic method
170:sleep deprivation
26:Medical condition
4232:
4156:
4055:
3979:
3848:Ductal papilloma
3737:
3616:
3513:Non-odontogenic:
3498:Globulomaxillary
3437:Buccal exostosis
3402:
3346:Peri-implantitis
3192:
2908:Dentin dysplasia
2830:
2806:Verruca vulgaris
2701:Mucosal melanoma
2548:Darier's disease
2523:Behçet's disease
2493:
2449:Bednar's aphthae
2433:
2321:
2307:Trumpeter's wart
2229:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2016:
1972:
1947:Borrelia parkeri
1941:Borrelia duttoni
1935:Borrelia hermsii
1913:Neuroborreliosis
1908:Erythema migrans
1897:Borrelia afzelii
1819:
1810:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1742:Prosthodontology
1701:Dennis P. Tarnow
1646:Robert Gottsegen
1465:
1317:Furcation defect
1150:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
931:
919:
918:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
885:
879:
878:
868:
844:
838:
837:
819:
788:
787:
771:
761:
734:
733:
723:
699:
651:is compromised.
618:Vincent's angina
614:palatine tonsils
376:Severe gum pain.
55:
29:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4189:
4161:
4146:
4102:Ludwig's angina
4063:
4045:
4004:Mouth breathing
3990:
3969:
3790:Pneumoparotitis
3763:Frey's syndrome
3744:
3742:Salivary glands
3727:
3635:
3606:
3585:Phoenix abscess
3418:
3414:hard tissues –
3392:
3314:Hypercementosis
3233:Cementoblastoma
3219:
3182:
2896:Dens evaginatus
2850:
2820:
2772:Denture-related
2757:Plasmoacanthoma
2683:Keratoacanthoma
2504:
2502:Lining of mouth
2483:
2479:Torus palatinus
2440:
2423:
2404:Lingual thyroid
2362:Fissured tongue
2352:Crenated tongue
2328:
2311:
2297:Nasolabial cyst
2282:Herpes labialis
2236:
2223:
2218:
2188:
2183:
2178:Haverhill fever
2126:
2074:
1997:
1957:
1874:
1814:Spirochaetaceae
1799:
1781:
1751:
1746:
1720:
1651:Gary Greenstein
1615:
1494:
1452:
1381:
1352:Occlusal trauma
1327:Gingival pocket
1285:
1201:
1141:
1112:Gingival sulcus
1107:Gingival fibers
1065:
1058:
1028:
1023:
1022:
999:
998:
942:
928:
923:
922:
912:
911:
907:
898:
896:
887:
886:
882:
846:
845:
841:
834:
821:
820:
791:
784:
763:
762:
737:
701:
700:
683:
678:
661:
586:
569:
553:
541:pain medication
525:
509:
493:
437:
370:
329:, particularly
176:, pre-existing
142:immune response
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4225:Trench warfare
4222:
4217:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Eagle syndrome
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:Cystic hygroma
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3982:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:Sialolithiasis
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:Adenocarcinoma
3888:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3858:Myoepithelioma
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3531:Traumatic bone
3528:
3526:Median palatal
3523:
3518:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3405:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3319:Hypocementosis
3316:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3053:Neonatal teeth
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2933:Ectopic enamel
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2833:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2728:Oral melanosis
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Bohn's nodules
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Amalgam tattoo
2509:
2506:
2505:
2496:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2174:Rat-bite fever
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2136:
2134:
2132:Fusobacteriota
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1982:
1980:
1969:
1967:Leptospiraceae
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1792:proteobacteria
1782:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1737:Orthodontology
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:Biologic width
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:Periodontology
1059:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
985:
974:
959:
943:
938:
937:
935:
934:Classification
927:
926:External links
924:
921:
920:
905:
880:
839:
832:
789:
782:
735:
680:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
667:
660:
657:
585:
582:
568:
565:
552:
549:
524:
521:
508:
507:Classification
505:
492:
489:
443:that includes
436:
433:
406:
405:
402:
392:
391:
380:
377:
369:
366:
331:Fusobacteriota
291:
290:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
249:
243:
242:
235:pseudomembrane
211:
205:
204:
151:
145:
144:
115:
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
80:
74:
73:
71:Periodontology
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
38:
34:
33:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4237:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Actinomycosis
4070:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Sialodochitis
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:malocclusions
3626:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Stafne defect
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:Osteonecrosis
3546:
3544:
3543:Osteomyelitis
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:Bones of jaws
3413:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3361:Periodontitis
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Pericoronitis
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Granulomatous
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Eruption cyst
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:Pulp necrosis
3075:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3036:Dens in dente
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Discoloration
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Lichen planus
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Herpes zoster
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Fordyce spots
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Erythroplakia
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Caviar tongue
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Ankyloglossia
2335:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Sun poisoning
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1993:
1992:Leptospirosis
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Spirochaetota
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:gram negative
1785:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Endodontology
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1716:W. J. Younger
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Carl E. Misch
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Periodontitis
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1244:P. intermedia
1241:
1239:
1238:
1237:P. gingivalis
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Periodontosis
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Alveolar bone
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1002:
995:
991:
990:
986:
984:
980:
979:
975:
973:
969:
968:
964:
960:
958:
954:
953:
949:
945:
944:
941:
936:
932:
925:
917:. p. 31.
916:
909:
906:
895:on 2011-06-05
894:
890:
884:
881:
876:
872:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
840:
835:
833:9780443068188
829:
825:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
790:
785:
783:9781405160995
779:
775:
770:
769:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
736:
731:
727:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
682:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
658:
656:
652:
650:
649:immune system
646:
642:
638:
633:
629:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
583:
581:
577:
575:
566:
564:
562:
558:
550:
548:
546:
545:metronidazole
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
520:
516:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
490:
488:
485:
483:
479:
475:
474:immune system
470:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
456:Fusobacterium
452:
451:
450:P. intermedia
446:
442:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
403:
400:
397:
396:
395:
389:
385:
381:
378:
375:
374:
373:
367:
365:
363:
360:arose during
359:
355:
354:metronidazole
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
288:metronidazole
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
210:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:, history of
179:
175:
172:, inadequate
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
134:Fusobacterium
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
106:
105:Complications
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
30:
22:
4060:
3987:
3923:Sialadenitis
3882:
3834:
3699:Scissor bite
3694:Retrognathia
3679:Overeruption
3659:Malocclusion
3632:
3512:
3471:
3462:Micrognathia
3415:
3406:Periapical,
3292:Desquamative
3216:
3197:Periodontium
3171:Acid erosion
3112:Taurodontism
3043:Open contact
2955:Enamel pearl
2923:Dilaceration
2886:Concrescence
2687:
2674:
2501:
2454:Cleft palate
2414:Microglossia
2409:Macroglossia
2394:Glossoptosis
2292:Microcheilia
2287:Macrocheilia
2167:
2158:
2151:
2139:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:Bacteroidota
2050:
2041:
2029:
2019:
1985:
1975:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1921:
1903:Lyme disease
1895:
1889:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1832:
1822:
1706:Hom-Lay Wang
1691:Jørgen Slots
1661:Brian Mealey
1536:Gingivectomy
1438:Tetracycline
1433:Oral hygiene
1278:
1270:
1263:
1258:T. denticola
1256:
1251:T. forsythia
1249:
1242:
1235:
1230:F. nucleatum
1228:
1221:
1214:
1077:Periodontium
1011:
987:
976:
961:
946:
914:
908:
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
883:
856:
852:
842:
823:
767:
714:: S85–S102.
711:
707:
653:
634:
630:
625:trench mouth
622:
587:
578:
570:
567:Epidemiology
557:periodontium
554:
537:mouth rinses
533:oral hygiene
526:
517:
510:
494:
486:
482:malnutrition
471:
464:
454:
448:
438:
425:Cancrum oris
407:
393:
371:
358:trench mouth
357:
339:
316:
299:
295:
294:
274:oral hygiene
202:orthodontics
174:oral hygiene
162:malnutrition
149:Risk factors
45:Trench mouth
44:
40:
4117:Microstomia
4107:Macrostomia
4097:Gnathophyma
4014:Catathrenia
4009:Sleep apnea
3940:Sialectasis
3483:Dentigerous
3473:Odontogenic
3302:Plasma cell
3238:Gigantiform
3014:Microdontia
3004:Macrodontia
2975:Hyperdontia
2670:Oral cancer
2630:Leukoplakia
2538:Candidiasis
2498:Oral mucosa
2419:Rhabdomyoma
2399:Hypoglossia
2260:Plasma cell
2036:Psittacosis
2011:Chlamydiota
1686:Jay Seibert
1636:Frank Beube
1475:Debridement
1265:Red complex
1013:MedlinePlus
670:Mouth ulcer
665:Canker sore
529:debridement
461:spirochetes
459:as well as
399:Foul breath
362:World War I
350:antibiotics
237:formation,
200:ethnicity,
138:Spirochetes
130:Selenomonas
109:Progression
37:Other names
21:Trenchmouth
4204:Categories
4077:Angioedema
3883:Malignant:
3863:Oncocytoma
3689:Prognathia
3478:periapical
3457:Microgenia
3408:mandibular
3366:Aggressive
3287:Gingivitis
3228:Cementicle
3166:Abfraction
3156:Tooth wear
3149:Edentulism
3144:Tooth loss
3097:Resorption
3082:Pulp polyp
3065:Pulp stone
3009:Meth mouth
2980:Hypodontia
2970:Gemination
2901:Talon cusp
2794:Ulceration
2762:Stomatitis
2740:Pemphigoid
2688:Malignant:
2640:Linea alba
2625:Leukoedema
2605:Herpangina
2573:Giant-cell
1977:Leptospira
1656:Jan Lindhe
1581:Sinus lift
1511:Bone graft
1398:Ante's law
1337:Gingivitis
1307:Edentulism
989:DiseasesDB
899:2010-02-13
676:References
645:prevalence
497:leukocytes
463:, such as
335:spirochete
319:gingivitis
270:Prevention
178:gingivitis
87:bad breath
3945:Sialocele
3928:Parotitis
3669:Open bite
3664:Crossbite
3442:Cherubism
3412:maxillary
3245:Cementoma
3176:Attrition
2992:Impaction
2960:Fluorosis
2869:Anodontia
2864:Ankylosis
2752:Pemphigus
2372:Glossitis
2267:Cleft lip
2245:Cheilitis
2058:Chlamydia
2021:Chlamydia
1824:Treponema
1461:Treatment
1443:Triclosan
1428:Mouthwash
1275:(amoebic)
1207:Infection
1154:Diagnoses
1137:Stippling
730:0022-3492
623:The term
551:Prognosis
523:Treatment
491:Diagnosis
466:Treponema
445:anaerobes
384:ulcerated
352:(usually
337:species.
280:Treatment
239:halitosis
126:Treponema
66:Specialty
4220:Necrosis
3955:Sialosis
3906:Lymphoma
3778:Mucocele
3674:Overbite
3427:Agnathia
3388:Teething
3213:alveolus
3209:cementum
3161:Abrasion
3137:Occlusal
3122:Avulsion
3087:Pulpitis
3031:Odontoma
2777:Herpetic
2767:Aphthous
2277:Eclabium
2068:Trachoma
1881:Borrelia
1840:Syphilis
1599:Membrane
1418:Flossing
1403:Brushing
1312:Fremitus
1297:Calculus
1092:Cementum
875:19979715
659:See also
590:Xenophon
501:leukemia
447:such as
429:HIV/AIDS
215:necrosis
95:bleeding
78:Symptoms
4041:Snoring
3999:Bruxism
3835:Benign:
3684:Overjet
3644:Bruxism
3538:Osteoma
3376:Chronic
3201:gingiva
2675:Benign:
2568:Fibroma
2255:Angular
2250:Actinic
1786:due to
1594:Curette
1499:Surgery
1146:Disease
1102:Gingiva
1070:Anatomy
983:D005892
866:2017821
776:, 459.
637:sequela
610:pharynx
584:History
574:measles
415:and/or
409:Malaise
190:alcohol
186:tobacco
3783:Ranula
3255:Epulis
3117:Trauma
2965:Fusion
2874:Caries
2847:enamel
2843:dentin
2438:Palate
2326:Tongue
1609:Scaler
1590:Tools
1372:Plaque
1018:001044
873:
863:
830:
780:
728:
594:scurvy
435:Causes
114:Causes
4160:Other
2835:Teeth
1862:Pinta
1844:bejel
1604:Probe
1290:Other
994:13866
957:A69.1
413:fever
386:with
219:ulcer
198:white
194:youth
192:use,
136:spp,
91:fever
4122:Noma
3627:and
3410:and
3215:) –
2839:pulp
2234:Lips
1849:Yaws
1790:non-
978:MeSH
967:9-CM
871:PMID
828:ISBN
778:ISBN
726:ISSN
612:and
539:and
453:and
388:dead
348:and
333:and
231:pain
188:and
158:AIDS
98:gums
83:pain
1796:BV4
972:101
963:ICD
948:ICD
861:PMC
774:413
716:doi
641:HIV
639:of
576:).
321:or
221:of
154:HIV
120:by
4206::
3986:–
3631:–
3623:,
3211:,
3207:,
3203:,
2845:,
2841:,
2500:–
1016::
992::
981::
970::
955::
952:10
869:.
857:10
855:.
851:.
792:^
738:^
724:.
712:89
710:.
706:.
684:^
600:.
469:.
431:.
411:,
300:NG
286:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
233:,
229:,
225:;
217:,
196:,
184:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
43:,
41:NG
3475::
3199:(
2849:)
2837:(
2213:e
2206:t
2199:v
2180:)
2176:/
2172:(
2148:)
2144:(
2038:)
2034:(
1994:)
1990:(
1954:)
1950:(
1944:/
1938:/
1930:)
1926:(
1894:/
1864:)
1860:(
1842:/
1798:)
1794:(
1776:e
1769:t
1762:v
1064:)
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
965:-
950:-
940:D
902:.
877:.
836:.
786:.
732:.
718::
401:.
298:(
241:)
156:/
23:.
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