Knowledge

Pre-Illinoian

Source đź“ť

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Hansel, A.K. & E.D. McKay (2010). "Quaternary Period". In Keith C. Hackley; Kolata, Dennis R.; Shilts, William W.; Leighton, Morris W.; McBride, John; Sargent, Michael G.; Thomas G. Hildenbrand; Donald G. Mikulic; Joanne Kluessendor; Rodney D. Norby; Cheryl K. Nimz; Joseph A. Devera; Russell J.
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used in the definition of the stages were found to have been greatly miscorrelated, as they consisted of paleosols of greatly differing ages. Because of these and other major problems, the concepts on which the Nebraskan, Aftonian, Kansan, and Yarmouthian (Yarmouth) stages are defined were
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stages (ages). However, detailed studies of these stages revealed that the assumptions and criteria on which they were defined proved to be wrong to such a point that these stages became meaningless in terms of the actual glacial–interglacial record.
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For example, instead of two glaciations having occurred prior to the Illinoian Stage, researchers found that 11 distinct glaciations had occurred. In addition, what was presumed to have been a single
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bed, which was used to correlate and differentiate between Kansan and Nebraskan glacial deposits, was found to be three volcanic ash beds of greatly differing ages. Similarly,
1544: 1990: 757:
Proceedings of the 2007 Governor's Conference on the Management of the Illinois River System: Our continuing Commitment 11th Biennial Conference, Oct. 2-4, 2007
1984: 987: 2228: 1335: 917:, Work Group on Geospatial Analysis of Glaciated Environments (GAGE), INQUA Commission on Glaciation, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas. 574:
Boellstorff J (October 1978). "North American pleistocene stages reconsidered in light of probable pliocene-pleistocene continental glaciation".
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in North-central Illinois demonstrates that the start of the Illinoian stage and end of the Pre-Illinoian stage correlates with the beginning of
926:, Work Group on Geospatial Analysis of Glaciated Environments (GAGE), INQUA Commission on Glaciation, Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas. 1918: 1894: 1882: 1537: 862: 821: 474: 1924: 921: 626: 2253: 2248: 2243: 1118: 948: 939: 901: 2164: 957: 912: 2154: 876: 848: 371: 292: 392:
Hallberg, G.R. (1986). "Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the Central Plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri".
1857: 1530: 980: 783:"Optical ages spanning two glacial-interglacial cycles from deposits of the ancient Mississippi River, north-central Illinois" 682: 1851: 1470: 2258: 1585: 243:
discredited. North American geologists discarded these stages as unusable and merged them into the Pre-Illinoian Stage.
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McKay, E.D. (2007). "Six Rivers, Five Glaciers, and an Outburst Flood: the Considerable Legacy of the Illinois River".
2238: 1948: 127: 2094: 1821: 1167: 973: 430:
Richmond, G.M. & D.S. Fullerton (1986). "Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America".
542: 2159: 1815: 1590: 1352: 1245: 935:, Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England 2114: 1906: 1845: 1863: 1358: 312: 1207: 2263: 1996: 1900: 1839: 1827: 1625: 1512: 1383: 1267: 1199: 1111: 343: 288: 222:
The Pleistocene prior to the Illinoian stage had previously been subdivided into the Nebraskan, Aftonian,
2139: 2074: 1972: 1750: 1704: 1565: 1475: 1320: 1293: 1223: 1140: 1135: 300: 627:"Glacial stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of late Cenozoic deposits of the north-central United States" 2149: 2104: 1942: 1620: 1575: 1570: 1203: 1195: 1176: 953:, PDF version 19.3 MB. Technical information Series. no. 11. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Ames, IA. 944:, PDF version 15.6 MB. Technical information Series. no. 10. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Ames, IA. 755: 641: 583: 499: 439: 401: 316: 308: 168: 782: 2099: 1888: 1799: 1495: 1429: 1410: 1406: 1377: 1285: 1211: 1172: 1162: 930: 338: 256: 227: 2179: 2174: 2109: 1448: 1029: 607: 523: 252: 1663: 1191: 2233: 2207: 2184: 2079: 1765: 1653: 1259: 1251: 1233: 1219: 1215: 1104: 1070: 1024: 872: 858: 844: 817: 599: 515: 470: 367: 223: 216: 657: 1714: 1421: 1289: 1241: 1237: 1034: 738: 649: 591: 507: 447: 409: 280: 264: 896: 543:"Chronology of some Late Cenozoic deposits from the central United States and the Ice Ages" 2053: 2022: 1954: 1936: 1694: 1673: 1595: 1580: 1281: 1273: 1229: 905: 709: 268: 260: 219:. Researchers have identified 11 distinct glacial stages during the Pre-Illinoian Stage. 733:, 2005, "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records", 645: 587: 503: 443: 405: 2189: 2058: 2017: 1485: 1480: 1465: 1398: 726: 705: 333: 2222: 2169: 1966: 1960: 1930: 1912: 1833: 1775: 1724: 1709: 1668: 1263: 1184: 1050: 451: 413: 284: 276: 272: 196: 192: 158: 72: 611: 17: 2119: 2084: 1605: 1600: 1490: 1065: 1055: 527: 235: 188: 595: 511: 490:
Dort W (November 1966). "Nebraskan and kansan stades: complexit and importance".
2144: 2129: 2124: 1978: 1770: 1658: 1615: 1440: 1180: 1080: 1009: 962:, PDF version 4.6 MB. Guidebook no. 3. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Ames, IA. 950:
Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian stratigraphy of southeast Iowa and adjacent Illinois
181: 47: 683:"Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years" 287:
combined. The end of the Pre-Illinoian stage has been correlated to the end of
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Yarmouth Revisited: Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene 27th Field Conference.
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Early and middle Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods in North America
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Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Quaternary Science Reviews
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Roy, M.; P.U. Clark; R.W. Barendregt; J.R. Glasmann & R.J. Enkin (2004).
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Hallberg, G. R., T. E. Fenton, T. J. Kemmis, and G. A. Miller, 1980,
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Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America
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As the oldest stage in the North American regional subdivision of the
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Jacobson; Ardith K. Hansel; Wang, Hong & Samuel V. Panno (eds.).
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Developments in Quaternary Science no. 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
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Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 1: Part I Europe
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is used by Quaternary geologists for the early and middle
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Sibrava, V., Bowen, D.Q, and Richmond, G.M., eds., 1986,
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at 300,000 BP. More recent geologic mapping, coring, and
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Gillespie, A.R., S.C. Porter, and B.F. Atwater, 2004,
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Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
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(1999). 1985:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area 387: 385: 383: 1805: 1730: 1638: 1545: 1531: 1523: 1145: 1119: 1105: 1097: 1005: 988: 974: 966: 914:Glacial Map of North-Central United States 898:Regional Glaciation of Kansas and Nebraska 467:Glacial Geology And The Pleistocene Epoch 354: 1919:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail 1883:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area 634:Geological Society of America Bulletin 29: 839:Ehlers, J., and P.L. Gibbard, 2004a, 7: 816:. Illinois State Geological Survey. 1925:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve 364:Glacial processes past and present 295:(OSL) dating of Illinoian glacial 25: 1913:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area 293:optically stimulated luminescence 215:, the Pre-Illinoian precedes the 2203: 2202: 1858:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine 1334: 2229:Glaciology of the United States 781:McKay, E.D.; Berg R.C. (2008). 1921:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington 465:Flint, Richard Foster (2008). 1: 2165:Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal 1471:Greenhouse and icehouse Earth 947:Hallberg, G. R., ed., 1980b, 717:Boston University, Boston, MA 681:Cohen KM, Gibbard PL (2011). 1586:Glacial history of Minnesota 938:Hallberg, G.R., ed., 1980a, 596:10.1126/science.202.4365.305 512:10.1126/science.154.3750.771 452:10.1016/0277-3791(86)90184-8 414:10.1016/0277-3791(86)90169-1 1949:Kettle Moraine State Forest 1852:Lion's Head Provincial Park 2280: 2095:Penultimate Glacial Period 1822:Big Rock (glacial erratic) 1168:Penultimate Glacial Period 432:Quaternary Science Reviews 394:Quaternary Science Reviews 2254:Pleistocene United States 2249:Pleistocene North America 2244:Pleistocene geochronology 2198: 2160:Late Glacial Interstadial 1939:, Minnesota and Wisconsin 1816:Arrowhead Provincial Park 1591:List of prehistoric lakes 1509: 1332: 1003: 885:, vol. 5, pp. 1-514. 685:. University of Cambridge 37: 2115:Holocene glacial retreat 1907:Glacial Lakes State Park 1846:Foothills Erratics Train 2155:Bølling–Allerød warming 1895:Devil's Lake State Park 1864:Ovayok Territorial Park 1553:Continental glaciations 1359:Late Paleozoic icehouse 871:, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 843:, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 711:Ages of MIS boundaries. 541:Boellstorff, J (1978). 1997:Yosemite National Park 1901:Glacial Lake Wisconsin 1840:Eskers Provincial Park 1828:Cypress Hills (Canada) 1626:Timeline of glaciation 1513:Timeline of glaciation 1380:(579.88 to 579.63 Mya) 344:Timeline of glaciation 317:Marine Isotope Stage 6 313:Illinoian Glacial Lobe 289:Marine Isotope Stage 9 2140:Quaternary glaciation 2075:Quaternary glaciation 1973:Mill Bluff State Park 1937:Interstate State Park 1751:Giant current ripples 1566:Cordilleran ice sheet 1476:Great Oxidation Event 203:(million years ago). 2150:Wisconsin glaciation 2105:Last Glacial Maximum 1621:Post-glacial rebound 1576:Last Glacial Maximum 1571:Laurentide ice sheet 1361:(360 Mya to 260 Mya) 1355:(460 Mya to 430 Mya) 1177:Last Glacial Maximum 743:10.1029/2004PA001071 18:Nebraskan glaciation 2259:Geology of Illinois 2135:Pre-Illinoian Stage 2100:Last Glacial Period 1889:Coteau des Prairies 1800:Greenland ice sheet 1496:Milankovitch cycles 1173:Last Glacial Period 814:Geology of Illinois 737:, vol. 20, PA1003, 646:2004GSAB..116...30R 588:1978Sci...202..305B 504:1966Sci...154..771D 444:1986QSRv....5..183R 406:1986QSRv....5...11H 339:Last glacial period 199:from ~2.5–0.2  178:Pre-Illinoian Stage 2239:Middle Pleistocene 2180:4.2 kiloyear event 2175:8.2 kiloyear event 2110:Mousterian Pluvial 1842:, British Columbia 1409:(717 to 660 Mya); 1386:(547 to 541.5 Mya) 904:2008-07-04 at the 895:Aber, J.S., 2006, 715:LR04 Benthic Stack 301:Glasford Formation 165:Stratigraphic unit 155:Chronological unit 142:Time scale(s) used 2216: 2215: 2185:Piora Oscillation 2145:Sangamonian Stage 2006: 2005: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1520: 1519: 1451:(2.9 to 2.78 Gya) 1330: 1329: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1010:Pleistocene Epoch 997:Quaternary Period 929:anonymous, 2007, 920:anonymous, 2000, 911:anonymous, 1997, 863:978-0-444-51471-4 823:978-0-615-41739-4 476:978-1-4437-2173-8 279:, and lower most 174: 173: 119:Usage information 16:(Redirected from 2271: 2206: 2205: 1806: 1731: 1715:Terminal moraine 1639: 1547: 1540: 1533: 1524: 1432:(2.4 to 2.1 Gya) 1422:Paleoproterozoic 1413:(650 to 635 Mya) 1338: 1146: 1121: 1114: 1107: 1098: 1006: 990: 983: 976: 967: 828: 827: 808: 802: 801: 799: 798: 778: 772: 771: 769: 768: 762: 751: 745: 735:Paleoceanography 724: 718: 703: 694: 693: 691: 690: 678: 672: 671: 669: 668: 662: 656:. 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Lodge Press. 464: 463: 459: 429: 428: 421: 391: 390: 381: 374: 361: 360: 356: 352: 325: 319:at 191,000 BP. 309:Pearl Formation 249: 217:Illinoian Stage 209: 113: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 39: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2192: 2190:Little Ice Age 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2059:Ross Ice Shelf 2056: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2018:Hardangerfjord 2014: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1943:Kelleys Island 1940: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1891:, South Dakota 1886: 1879: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1830:, Saskatchewan 1825: 1819: 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33:Pre-Illinoian 31: 19: 2134: 2120:Oldest Dryas 2090:Interstadial 2085:Interglacial 2068:Time periods 1999:, California 1993:, Washington 1734:Glacifluvial 1683:Depositional 1606:Lake Chicago 1601:Lake Agassiz 1511: 1491:Interglacial 1277: 1255: 1056:Greenlandian 958: 949: 940: 931: 922: 913: 897: 882: 868: 854: 840: 813: 806: 795:. 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Retrieved 553: 549: 536: 495: 491: 485: 466: 460: 435: 431: 397: 393: 363: 357: 253:Bramertonian 250: 236:volcanic ash 233: 221: 210: 189:interglacial 177: 175: 2130:Pleistocene 2125:Older Dryas 1987:, Wisconsin 1979:Oneida Lake 1975:, Wisconsin 1951:, Wisconsin 1933:, Wisconsin 1927:, Wisconsin 1915:, Wisconsin 1909:, Minnesota 1903:, Wisconsin 1897:, Wisconsin 1885:, Wisconsin 1771:Outwash fan 1766:Kettle hole 1659:Ribbon lake 1616:Teays River 1441:Mesoarchean 1384:Baykonurian 1246:Santa MarĂ­a 1200:Weichselian 1081:Subatlantic 438:: 183–196. 228:Yarmouthian 191:periods of 182:Pleistocene 2223:Categories 2049:Antarctica 2042:Antarctica 2028:Monte Rosa 1981:, New York 1761:Kame delta 1720:Till plain 1611:Lake Tight 1395:Cryogenian 1290:Beestonian 1242:Wolstonian 1224:Llanquihue 1208:Midlandian 1158:Antarctica 1150:Quaternary 1136:Quaternary 1046:Meghalayan 797:2012-04-04 767:2012-04-04 731:M.E. Raymo 689:2012-04-04 667:2012-04-04 560:2012-04-04 350:References 281:Wolstonian 265:Beestonian 213:Quaternary 150:Definition 1969:, Montana 1866:, Nunavut 1860:, Ontario 1854:, Ontario 1848:, Alberta 1836:, Ontario 1824:, Alberta 1818:, Ontario 1642:Erosional 1635:Landforms 1370:Ediacaran 1345:Paleozoic 1321:Antarctic 1313:Oligocene 1272:7th–8th: 1268:Rio Llico 1250:3rd–6th: 1234:Illinoian 1204:Devensian 1196:Wisconsin 1163:Greenland 1076:Subboreal 1061:Preboreal 400:: 11–15. 311:) of the 269:Cromerian 261:Pastonian 240:paleosols 2234:Ice ages 2208:Category 2033:Svalbard 1963:, Nevada 1741:Diluvium 1430:Huronian 1411:Marinoan 1407:Sturtian 1378:Gaskiers 1305:Pliocene 1286:Menapian 1212:Pinedale 1128:Ice ages 1071:Atlantic 902:Archived 708:, 2005, 612:12724466 604:17817644 520:17745986 323:See also 137:Regional 2011:Eurasia 1700:Moraine 1690:Drumlin 1559:General 1501:Stadial 1449:Pongola 1309:Miocene 1294:Caracol 1264:Anglian 642:Bibcode 584:Bibcode 576:Science 556:: 35–49 528:2258822 500:Bibcode 492:Science 440:Bibcode 402:Bibcode 329:Ice age 305:outwash 277:Hoxnian 273:Anglian 185:glacial 109:↓ 1957:, Utah 1945:, Ohio 1876:States 1874:United 1809:Canada 1776:Sandur 1260:Elster 1252:Mindel 1220:Merida 1216:Fraser 1066:Boreal 1030:Middle 875:  861:  847:  820:  729:, and 610:  602:  526:  518:  473:  370:  303:) and 226:, and 224:Kansan 1746:Esker 1649:Fjord 1238:Saale 1228:2nd: 1190:1st: 1181:Older 1025:Early 761:(PDF) 661:(PDF) 630:(PDF) 608:S2CID 546:(pdf) 524:S2CID 297:tills 169:Stage 128:Earth 1756:Kame 1282:Elbe 1274:GĂĽnz 1230:Riss 1192:WĂĽrm 1183:and 1035:Late 873:ISBN 859:ISBN 845:ISBN 818:ISBN 793:: 78 600:PMID 516:PMID 471:ISBN 368:ISBN 187:and 176:The 48:Preęž’ 1284:or 739:doi 650:doi 638:116 592:doi 580:202 508:doi 496:154 448:doi 410:doi 275:, 195:in 159:Age 2225:: 1292:, 1288:, 1280:, 1276:, 1266:, 1262:, 1258:, 1254:, 1244:, 1240:, 1236:, 1232:, 1222:, 1218:, 1210:, 1202:, 1198:, 1194:, 1179:, 1138:/ 791:40 789:. 785:. 698:^ 648:. 636:. 632:. 606:. 598:. 590:. 578:. 552:. 548:. 522:. 514:. 506:. 494:. 446:. 434:. 422:^ 408:. 396:. 382:^ 271:, 267:, 263:, 259:, 255:, 201:Ma 98:Pg 42:Ma 1546:e 1539:t 1532:v 1397:- 1214:/ 1206:/ 1187:) 1175:( 1120:e 1113:t 1106:v 989:e 982:t 975:v 826:. 800:. 770:. 741:: 692:. 670:. 652:: 644:: 614:. 594:: 586:: 563:. 554:6 530:. 510:: 502:: 479:. 454:. 450:: 442:: 436:5 416:. 412:: 404:: 398:5 376:. 307:( 299:( 103:N 93:K 88:J 83:T 78:P 73:C 68:D 63:S 58:O 53:ęž’ 20:)

Index

Nebraskan glaciation
Ma
Preęž’
ęž’
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Earth
Age
Stage
Pleistocene
glacial
interglacial
geologic time
North America
Ma
Quaternary
Illinoian Stage
Kansan
Yarmouthian
volcanic ash
paleosols
Bramertonian

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