1263:. After the death of Negrín, his son Rómulo Negrín, following the instructions of his father, handed over the so-called "Negrín dossier" – an incomplete series of documents related to the administration of the gold deposited in the Soviet Union – to the government of Francoist Spain in order to prove that it had been spent entirely for the Republican war effort. Negrín had refused to hand over documentation to the exiled Republican government for over 15 years. Willingly handing the documentation over to the Francoist authorities caused profound distress in the exile community. The Francoist authorities accepted the documentation, but publicly hushed up its content so as not to have to negate the propaganda myth of the Spanish gold stolen and squandered by the Republicans in Moscow.
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642:'s Republicans in order to complete the ambitious programme of social democratic political and social reforms that had been launched by the left-wing government between 1931 and 1933 (secularisation of the state, agrarian reform, administrative decentralisation, military reform, progressive labour legislation, etc.). According to Prieto, Negrín and their supporters, this republican-socialist conjunction was essential to successfully promote the reforms and overcome the double opposition offered by the possible reaction of the right-wing defenders of the status quo with the help of the army and by the also possible revolution of the anarcho-syndicalist or communist-inspired workers' left.
1316:, the film aims to give the protagonist a voice, using his writings, speeches and letters to construct the story. The production also benefits from the discovery of home movies filmed by Negrín himself in exile. In 2013, Negrín's granddaughter Carmen Negrín handed over 150,000 original documents that he had transferred to France in several shipments to save them from destruction. The use and custody of the legacy rests with the Juan Negrín Foundation, a non-profit organization founded in Las Palmas, on his home island of Gran Canaria, in 1992.
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circumstances, Dr. Negrín accepted the support of Russia, the only country aiding
Republican Spain or backing her in the League of Nations. His own government was never dominated by the Communists. It was a Popular Front, dominated by Juan Negrín. For many in and out of Spain Dr. Negrín represented much that was finest about Republican Spain and the Spaniards who fought so bravely and forlornly against fascism. He never had anything to fear from history.
926:, POUM) were integrated into the regular army, albeit with resistance. The POUM Trotskyists were outlawed and denounced by the Soviet-aligned Communists as an instrument of the fascists. Republican Spain needed the Soviet Union's support because the Non-Intervention Agreement imposed on the conflict prevented the democratically elected government from acquiring arms and other war materiel in its own right on the open market arms to defend itself.
1243:, which was opposed by the Spanish Republican government in exile. In his opinion, the economic assistance to Spain was indispensable to the economic recovery of Europe, while its exclusion could have no other result than to increase further the sufferings of the Spanish people. According to Negrín, dreaming of the re-establishment of the Republic through hunger and the impoverishment of Spain was a mistake and mere flawed wishful thinking.
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1209:, while in September 1941, the Special Court for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism sentenced him to 30 years in prison (the maximum penalty, even though Negrin was neither a Mason nor a Communist). His father was imprisoned in Las Palmas for the mere fact of being his father, leaving prison in 1941 to die shortly thereafter in poverty after having been illegally expropriated of all his property.
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London of the presence of a replacement alternative to the Franco regime that did not run the risk of resuming the horrors of civil war. However, in view of the impossibility of gaining the support of all the political forces in exile, Negrín resigned from his position as head of the government of the
Republic in exile before the plenary session of the
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ten as a result of a typhus epidemic. These misfortunes would lead to the estrangement of the marriage and the entry into Negrín's life of
Feliciana López de Dom Pablo, one of his laboratory assistants, who would become his companion in 1926 until his death. His wife did not tolerate this relationship and attributed permanent affairs to him.
519:, to the best physiology institute of Germany and even in Europe. He stayed in Germany for almost a decade, studying first medicine, then chemistry and to some extent, economics. He proved to be a brilliant student with extraordinary capacity for scientific research. In 1912 (when he was only twenty years old) under the guidance of
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triumph, or he has been defined as a kind of seer who knew how to predict the inexorability of the Second World War, so that his policy of resistance at all costs ("resistir es vencer", "to resist is to win") would have led to the victory of the
Republic, if the Spanish war had lasted five more months," say Spanish historians
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would have never had to become a politician, let alone take his country’s reins during the most difficult years of its long history." Jackson was a staunch defender of Negrín. "Negrín was one of those rare prepared politicians, with character; very valuable for his time," he said. According to
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Unlike
President Azaña, Negrín remained in Spain until the final collapse of the Republican front and his fall from office in March 1939. Negrín decided to openly support the Franco-British war effort against Germany and Italy, remaining in Paris until the fall of France (June 1940) and then going to
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From the first moment of the war, Negrin combined his activities as a deputy and, later, as a minister, with frequent visits in his private car to different places on the front line of Madrid to encourage the combatants and provide them with food and supplies. Negrín helped many people to escape from
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On 21 July 1914 he married María
Fidelman Brodsky, a piano student and daughter of a wealthy family of Russian exiles living in the Netherlands. The couple had five children, three of whom survived: Juan, Rómulo, and Miguel. Negrín spoke English, French, German, and Russian, in addition to his native
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in
September 1936 in the government of Largo Caballero. He only accepted the post out of party discipline, as he considered that Largo Caballero as Prime Minister gave an excessively radical image of the Republic to the outside world and was a serious political and diplomatic blunder that would make
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Negrín was one of the most controversial characters of the
Spanish Civil War. "Demonized or praised, Negrin has been considered both a faithful servant of the permanent communist conspiracy in the pay of Moscow, and the most loyal politician to the Republican cause because of his faith in the final
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Negrín’s policy of resistance and constant diplomatic effort was the right one – he visited Paris secretly a number of times during the war, to get the French to realize that they themselves were going to be the next victims. I am also convinced that if
England and France had supported the Republic
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Gabriel Jackson's biography depicts Negrín as "a fundamentally honest and decent human being who sacrificed his health, reputation, and academic career in a failed attempt to save his country from disaster," and as "an accomplished scientist and cosmopolitan intellectual who in normal circumstances
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It will be long before the figure of Don Juan Negrín stands before history in clear outline. He aroused great passions in his life and made many bitter enemies, as he did devoted friends. The Franco regime labeled Dr. Negrín falsely as a "Red." He never was remotely that. As Premier under desperate
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they were defeated by Cipriano Mera's troops. The uprising against the Negrín government succeeded, at the cost of nearly 2,000 lives. The Junta tried to negotiate a peace deal with the nationalists, but Franco only accepted an unconditional surrender of the Republic. Finally all the members of the
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According to Ochoa, Negrín was a demanding tutor and a high proportion of students failed his exams. He also set up a private laboratory that was very successful. In 1923, his youngest daughter died in childbirth, which Negrín himself attended. Two years later, his other daughter died at the age of
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According to the historian Stanley G. Payne, after the end of the civil war there was no person more hated. Franco's side considered him a "red traitor", while within the Republican camp, some of his former allies reproached him for the "useless" prolongation of the war and for having "served" the
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Do you think this odious servitude does not weigh as heavily on me as on anyone else? But there is no other way. When I speak to our friends in France, it is all promises and good words. Then inconveniences begin to arise, and of what was promised there is nothing left. Nothing remains of what was
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effectively caused a collapse in Republican morale by ending hope of an anti-fascist alliance with Western powers. Throughout 1938, the unremitting succession of serious military defeats and the failure to secure Franco-British aid, was reflected in a deterioration of material living conditions in
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land and industry, and set up councils parallel to the paralyzed Republican government. Negrin's main objectives were to fortify the central government, to reorganize and fortify the Republican Armed Forces and to impose law and order in the Republican-held area, against largely independent armed
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and placed the Republic – and only the Republic – at an enormous material disadvantage throughout the conflict. Italy and Germany supported the Spanish Nationalists from the outset of the Civil War. The Soviet Union began supporting the Republicans four months later.
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Between April 1931 and July 1936, as political tension and social polarisation increased in Spain, Negrín identified in the socialist movement with Prieto's moderate positions and firmly opposed to the radical tendency led by Largo Caballero. The moderate faction of the PSOE, the majority in the
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against Franco's dictatorship, taking advantage of his international discredit and the strong rejection that his recent behaviour of sympathy and support for the Italian-German war effort had provoked. In Negrin's opinion, only such a united front would serve as a guarantee before Washington and
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with the sole condition of respecting the lives of the vanquished and the holding of a plebiscite so the Spanish people could decide the form of government, but Franco again rejected the new peace deal. On 9 February 1939, Negrín moved to the Central Zone (30% of the Spanish territory) with the
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on 17 July 1936, Spain was rapidly divided in two: a "Republican" or "Loyalist" Spain consisting of the Second Spanish Republic, and a "Nationalist" Spain under the insurgent generals, and, eventually, under the leadership of General Francisco Franco. The Republic faced tremendous odds from the
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in July and August 1936. His personal courage in pursuit of this was attested to by a friend who recounted that he "made every effort, at considerable risk to himself... to save people in Madrid." As a result, Negrin was nearly killed by anarchists but was saved by the intervention of finance
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of 1937, when factions on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War engaged each other in street battles and anarchist and communist Republican soldiers fought for control of strategic points in Barcelona, led to a governmental crisis that forced Largo Caballero to resign. On 17 May 1937,
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None of the leaders of the Second Spanish Republic has been as vilified as Negrín, not only by Francoist historians but also by important sectors of the exiled Spanish Left. The leadership of his own Socialist Party were among his detractors, including his friend and fellow socialist leader
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intention of defending the remaining territory of the republic until the start of the general European conflict, and organize the evacuation of those most at risk. Negrín thought that there was no other course but resistance, because the Nationalists refused to negotiate any peace deal:
495:, Negrín came from a deeply Catholic middle-class family. His father, Juan Negrin Cabrera, was a prosperous and reputable merchant and businessman of the islands, married to María Dolores López Marrero. Juan was the firstborn son and had one brother Heriberto, who adhered to the
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as minister of labour. Negrín's energetic and willful management, exemplified in his campaign slogan ("resistir es vencer", "to resist is to win"), captured for a time the hopes and desires of the depressed and semi-despondent rearguard and revived the meagre forces of the
862:– lifted, and from 1938 to search an international mediation in order to finish the war. He also wished to normalize the position of the Catholic Church inside the Republic. Eventually, the 'normalization' in Spain was intended to connect the Spanish conflict with
910:, then led by Stalin, for weapons and armament, because of the arms embargo. The government and the communists were able to exploit their access to Soviet arms to restore government control over the war effort, through diplomacy and force. The militias of the
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promised. The only reality, however much it pains us, is to accept the help of the Soviet Union, or to surrender unconditionally. (...) What else can I do? Negotiated peace always; unconditional surrender so that half a million Spaniards will be shot, never.
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in return for arms and equipment urgently needed to continue the war (October 1936). Worth $ 500 million at the time (another $ 240 million had been sent to France in July), critics argued that this action put the Republican government under the control of
499:, and a sister Dolores. Since Juan had excelled in science subjects and had shown an interest in medicine, his father decided to send him, at the age of 15, to study in Germany in 1906, attracted by the enormous prestige of German universities at the time.
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and reconnect the two Republican-held zones. The Republican army managed to cross the Ebro, but by November had to retire after it suffered heavy casualties and lost most of its materiel. Finally, in February 1939, he ordered to launch an offensive in
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Negrin opened wide, fascinating vistas to my imagination, not only through his lectures and laboratory teaching, but through his advice, encouragement, and stimulation to read scientific monographs and textbooks in languages other than
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militias of the labour unions (CNT) and parties, thus curtailing the social revolution inside the Republic. He also wanted to break the international isolation of the Republic in order to get the arms embargo – imposed by the
1087:(the leader of the PSOE right-wing faction) in denouncing the government's policy as favourable to the communists and opposed to the idea of international mediation. Negrín explained his position to his friend and confidant
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and Carlos Álvarez Pérez was released. The documentary reconstructs the life of Juan Negrín from a variety of sources, including his grandchildren Carmen and Juan. With the help of historians such as Gabriel Jackson and
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The critical year of 1938 saw a rupture in the PSOE and the political and personal friendship between Negrín and Prieto. Prieto was removed from the Defence ministry for his defeatism and joined with Largo Caballero and
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Medical School at the age of 29. His physiology laboratory in Madrid became an internationally renowned research centre and a truly exceptional school of scientific training. Among the many students he inspired was
669:– sponsored by Largo Caballero, Negrín opted for the option of republican unity advocated by Prieto as opposed to the revolutionary project put forward by Largo Caballero, which caused him to distance himself from
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the rear (especially in terms of food) that deeply affected the political morale of the popular and military resistance of the Republican side. Late 1938, the freezing and half starved civilian population in the
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The military situation of the Spanish Republic deteriorated steadily under Negrín's government, largely because of the superior quality of the opposing generals and officers many of whom were veterans of the
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President Azaña and Negrín (wearing a light-coloured coat in the middle) visit a republican front on the outskirts of Barcelona accompanied by two of the main military authorities of the Republic:
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To fight on because there was no other choice, even if winning was not possible, then to salvage what we could – and at the very end our self respect... Why go on resisting? Quite simply because
539:, the increasing difficulties he encountered in Germany to continue working prompted Negrin to return to Spain. He already had a solid professional prestige guaranteed by his research on the
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trade union and the PSOE. From 1930 onwards, he declined his academic activity in favour of politics, and in 1934 he requested a leave of absence from his professorship. In the
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stripped Negrín of his academic position and confiscated his estate. In July 1941 he was sentenced to the exorbitant fine of 100 million pesetas by the Special Court of the
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he obtained a doctorate in medicine and was immediately incorporated into the Institute of Physiology in Leipzig as a research assistant and then as an assistant professor.
551:, who won the Nobel Prize of Medicine. In 1919 he obtained his medical degree in Spain, and in 1922 he became a professor of physiology at the Physiology Department at the
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was suffering from severe malnutrition due to the restricted daily ration of 100 grams of bread and lentils (nicknamed "Dr Negrín’s pills"). Disheartened by a
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With the approval of President Azaña, Largo Caballero and other influential ministers (including Prieto), he took the controversial decision to
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in exile meeting in Mexico in August 1945. The PSOE expelled Negrín and a number of additional party members through a note published in
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and the monarchy of Alfonso XIII. He aligned himself from the very beginning with the moderate and reformist faction headed by
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alignment. Negrín relied on the Communists to curtail the anarchist wing of the Spanish Left, and was forced to rely on the
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and led to an irreparable split within Spanish socialism. The events of 1934, in particular the uprising in Asturias, were
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409:; 3 February 1892 – 12 November 1956) was a Spanish physician and politician who served as prime minister of the
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and by a remarkable series of articles published in the best scientific journals in Europe. He was a pupil of
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40 preguntas fundamentales sobre la guerra civil, cap. 24: Juan Negrín: ¿patriota español u hombre de Moscú?
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leaders – tired of fighting, which they regarded then as hopeless – planned a
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outset, including the Nationalist military superiority, internal divisions, and European non-intervention.
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it impossible to obtain vital aid from France and Great Britain. As the finance minister, he built up the
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and centrism, identifiable with the political position of his friend Indalecio Prieto. With regard to the
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Graham, Helen (1988). "The Spanish Socialist Party in Power and the Government of Juan Negrín, 1937–9".
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4179:, Memoria digital de Canarias (mdC), Biblioteca Universitaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
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Junta (except Besteiro) fled, and by 31 March 1939 the Nationalists seized all the Spanish territory.
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Documents on Negrín from "Trabajadores: The Spanish Civil War through the eyes of organised labour"
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To no avail, in 1948 Negrín spoke out in favour of Franco's Spain's participation in the post-war
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Le docteur Negrin se prononce pour la participation de l'Espagne franquiste au plan Marshall
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had fled to France, where he resigned as President of the Republic on 3 March 1939. Colonel
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5558:
5366:
4373:
4266:
2417:
2225:
1709:
1637:
1509:
1273:
1001:
979:
825:
796:, to end the indiscipline and disarray in the rearguard. Negrín's government included
492:
448:. He was President of the Council of Ministers of the Second Spanish Republic and the
6099:
5956:
5694:
5588:
5482:
5437:
5274:
4819:
4710:
4242:
4237:
2815:
2553:
2447:
2341:
2296:
2133:
1744:
1619:
1491:
1366:
1240:
1232:
1128:
1124:
943:
813:
809:
772:
711:
646:
540:
358:
1300:
and Javier Cervera Gil. Negrín was post-humously rehabilitated by the PSOE in 2008.
736:
638:
executive committee, was in favour of maintaining the coalition with Prime Minister
5477:
4569:
2336:
1308:
1252:
1022:
1005:
907:
821:
557:
476:
426:
342:
33:
2968:
The membership of Negrín had been suspended already since the Casado coup in 1939.
4751:
4530:
La destrucción de la ciencia en España: depuración universitaria en el franquismo
4092:
Les Brigades Internationales et la guerre d’Espagne au cimetière du Père Lachaise
3002:"Relación cronológica de los presidentes del Consejo de Ministros y del Gobierno"
1198:
between 1939 and 1945 (although ignored by most of the exiled political forces).
5710:
2569:
1218:
767:
751:
582:
4702:
4593:
The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain
4445:"El enigma del doctor Juan Negrín: Perfil político de un gobernante socialista"
1057:
by the Nationalists on 26 January 1939, Negrín proposed, in the meeting of the
4671:
4193:
950:
On the military level, along 1937 he launched a series of offensives in June (
626:
he was elected deputy for Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, and re-elected in
512:
496:
488:
338:
306:
264:
4460:
5917:
5895:
5885:
5285:
4305:
2776:
2754:
2744:
2144:
1054:
1026:
846:
440:
premier of Spain (1937–1939), leading the Republican forces defeated by the
4918:
1777:
1236:
on 23 April 1946, before the celebration of a party congress in Toulouse.
4517:
4287:"Review of: Gabriel Jackson, 'Juan Negrín: Spanish Republican War Leader'"
653:– against the appointment of three ministers of the conservative Catholic
5980:
5890:
4300:(1). Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: 183–185.
4027:
2839:
2749:
1062:
878:
on 30 September 1938 definitively made all hope of outside aid vanish.
615:
516:
37:
4419:
Juan Negrín: physiologist, socialist and Spanish Republican war leader
2977:
17:
4271:
Diccionario Biográfico electrónico de la Real Academia de la Historia
1276:
editorial at the time of his demise characterized Negrín as follows:
1155:
871:
842:
285:
1291:
and stood up to Hitler, history would have taken a different course.
6136:
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
4953:
1812:
1256:
1166:
1036:
933:
849:, in addition to the temporary military success, there was a vast
735:
581:
5826:
4745:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
2685:
987:
to stop the Nationalists advancement in their offensive against
508:
5714:
4922:
2573:
1781:
1194:) to help Republican exiles. He remained prime minister of the
4102:
4100:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3801:
3799:
3543:
3541:
3271:
3269:
1217:
In August 1945, at the end of the war with the defeat of the
6156:
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
3654:
3652:
3220:
50 años de la muerte del energético defensor de la República
590:
During his stay in Germany, Negrin had become very close to
4652:
Todos fuimos culpables: Testimonio de un socialista español
1259:
on 12 November 1956 at the age of 64, and is buried at the
4161:
804:
as minister of interior (both socialists), the communists
452:
between 1937 and 1945. He died in exile in Paris, France.
4574:
The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, revolution & revenge
3232:
3230:
3228:
902:, PCE), whose policies at that point were in favour of a
6181:
Government ministers during the Second Spanish Republic
3134:
3132:
3059:
3057:
507:
Negrin studied for two years at the Medical Faculty of
6186:
Academic staff of the Complutense University of Madrid
4294:
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies
3149:
3147:
3044:
3042:
991:, but was halted after a few days and Catalonia fell.
768:
transfer the Spanish gold reserves to the Soviet Union
645:
In Spanish socialism he represented a clear option of
436:. He also served as finance minister. He was the last
4554:. Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. pp. 275–293.
4150:“Negrín was right.” An interview with Gabriel Jackson
4094:, Amis des Combattants en Espagne Républicaine (ACER)
3516:
3514:
3512:
3188:
3186:
3000:
Gobierno de España - Presidencia del Gobierno (ed.).
4003:
4001:
3999:
6008:
5908:
5871:
5797:
5790:
5749:
5648:
5607:
5523:
5380:
5258:
4971:
4353:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
2867:
2767:
2730:
2656:
2649:
2608:
2507:
2466:
2382:
2239:
2117:
1830:
824:as minister of justice and the Catalan Nationalist
383:
372:
364:
348:
321:
316:
302:
281:
260:
241:
231:
221:
205:
187:
175:
163:
151:
133:
121:
109:
99:
81:
53:
4372:
4241:
4121:, The New York Times (Editorial), 15 November 1956
1529:Second Negrín Cabinet: 5 April 1938 – 6 March 1939
886:Although Negrín had always been a centrist in the
4399:The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931–1939
1045:In May 1938, Negrín issued the "Thirteen Points"
866:, which he believed to be imminent, although the
4375:The Spanish Civil War. A very short introduction
1328:First Negrín cabinet: 17 May 1937 – 5 April 1938
740:A meeting of the Largo Caballero cabinet in 1936
4453:Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
1307:(Citizen Negrín), directed by Sigfrid Monleón,
1288:
1278:
44: and the second or maternal family name is
3966:
1772:
1754:
1736:
1701:
1683:
1665:
1647:
1611:
1593:
1575:
1557:
1483:
1447:
1429:
1411:
1394:
1376:
1358:
1191:Servicio de Evacuación de Refugiados Españoles
5726:
4934:
2585:
1793:
1719:
1519:
1189:
721:
8:
6121:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
4726:Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
4318:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
4244:'The battle for Spain. The Spanish civil war
812:as minister of agriculture, the republicans
663:Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
4667:"Negrín y 35 viejos militantes socialistas"
4106:
4064:
4040:
3990:
3930:
3805:
3706:
3547:
3407:
3275:
3177:
3111:
5794:
5733:
5719:
5711:
4941:
4927:
4919:
4864:President of the Spanish Republic in exile
4764:
2653:
2592:
2578:
2570:
1800:
1786:
1778:
1629:
1501:
1465:
1025:, a war weariness took hold of Madrid and
655:Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rights
66:
50:
6161:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France
4507:
4401:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
535:At the end of 1915, in the middle of the
277:8 December 1933 – 7 January 1936
27:Prime Minister of Spain from 1937 to 1939
4654:. México DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
4189:End to exile for a key political archive
1524:
1323:
1184:London. He resided there throughout the
665:, CEDA) to the right-wing government of
3901:
3889:
3817:
3754:
3643:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3479:
3395:
3347:
3323:
3311:
3260:
3236:
3123:
2992:
2961:
1143:in Madrid on 5 March 1939, created the
1139:. Seeking better surrender terms, they
6166:Economy and finance ministers of Spain
4350:The Spanish Republic at War, 1936–1939
4311:
4162:Bahamonde Magro & Cervera Gil 1999
4134:Hablando de Negrín con Gabriel Jackson
4079:, The New York Times, 15 November 1956
4052:
3954:
3942:
3913:
3877:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3694:
3682:
3670:
3658:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3559:
3532:
3520:
3503:
3491:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3335:
3299:
3287:
3248:
3165:
3153:
3138:
3063:
1546:Prime Minister & National Defense
1347:Prime Minister. Finance & Economy
1272:plans of the Soviet Union. However, a
1196:Spanish Republican government in Exile
924:Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista
450:Spanish Republican government in exile
298:14 July 1931 – 9 October 1933
256:16 March 1936 – 31 March 1939
4752:Newspaper clippings about Juan Negrín
4528:Otero Carvajal, Luis Enrique (2006).
4379:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4007:
3204:
3192:
3088:
3048:
3033:
1303:In 2010, a Spanish documentary film,
916:Workers' Party of Marxist Unification
820:as public works minister, the Basque
800:named minister of War, Navy and Air,
562:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
404:
201:5 April 1938 – 31 March 1939
147:5 April 1938 – 31 March 1939
7:
3978:
1732:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
1076:we knew what capitulation would mean
757:Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
651:revolutionary general strike of 1934
511:. In 1908, to specialize in medical
95:17 May 1937 – 31 March 1939
6141:Politicians from the Canary Islands
4509:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.000245
4422:. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
841:In the anarchist-controlled areas,
4475:. Barcelona: Ediciones Península.
4473:1936: Los mitos de la Guerra Civil
3981:, pp. 77, 298, 306 & 357.
1643:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
1213:Disagreements with exile community
853:in which the workers and peasants
761:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
25:
4742:Juan Negrín: ¡resistir es vencer!
4532:. Madrid: Editorial Complutense.
4077:Dr. Juan Negrin of Loyalists Dies
1207:Law of Political Responsibilities
423:Partido Socialista Obrero Español
4962:Acting prime ministers shown in
4267:"Biografía de Juan Negrín López"
1821:Acting prime ministers shown in
1607:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1589:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1571:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1553:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1470:Public Works and Communications
1443:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1425:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1354:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
974:launched a counter-offensive in
596:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
553:Complutense University of Madrid
415:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
377:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
6151:20th-century Spanish physicians
4220:Así terminó la Guerra de España
4152:, The Volunteer, 31 August 2010
890:, he maintained links with the
831:Spanish Republican Armed Forces
618:and revolutionary) wing of the
4218:; Cervera Gil, Javier (1999).
1171:Commemorative plaque, 78 bis,
1123:, joined by Besteiro, general
1:
6131:Government ministers of Spain
4496:Annual Review of Biochemistry
4471:Moradiellos, Enrique (2004).
4449:Revista de Estudios Políticos
1688:Communications and Transport
1148:(Consejo Nacional de Defensa)
808:as minister of education and
624:1931 Spanish general election
4837:Minister of National Defence
4576:. London: Harper Perennial.
1715:Republican Left of Catalonia
1706:Labor and Social Assistance
1634:Public Education and Health
1515:Republican Left of Catalonia
1506:Labor and Social Assistance
1452:Public Education and Health
693:military uprising in Morocco
462:robbing the Spanish treasury
135:Minister of National Defence
36:, the first or paternal
4756:20th Century Press Archives
4329:"How the Republic was Lost"
3222:, El País, 12 November 2006
900:Partido Comunista de España
874:and British Prime Minister
467:According to the historian
6202:
6176:Exiled Spanish politicians
6171:Defence ministers of Spain
4703:10.1177/026569148801800203
4691:European History Quarterly
4285:Faber, Sebastiaan (2011).
1692:Bernardo Giner de los Ríos
1474:Bernardo Giner de los Ríos
1107:Spanish coup of March 1939
1104:
860:Non-Intervention Committee
818:Bernardo Giner de los Ríos
701:Non-Intervention Agreement
684:
675:a prelude to the civil war
31:
6043:Government during the war
4960:
4907:
4893:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4861:
4853:
4843:
4834:
4826:
4816:
4807:
4803:Francisco Largo Caballero
4799:
4789:
4780:
4772:
4767:
4629:. London: Penguin Books.
4607:. Barcelona: RBA Libros.
4416:Jackson, Gabriel (2010).
4248:. London: Penguin Books.
2902:Government during the war
1819:
1705:
1527:
1380:
1326:
728:ministry security staff.
608:Francisco Largo Caballero
413:. He was a leader of the
391:
312:
291:
270:
249:
212:Francisco Largo Caballero
194:
140:
116:Francisco Largo Caballero
88:
77:
65:
6146:Leaders ousted by a coup
6126:Prime ministers of Spain
4881:Party political offices
4783:Minister of the Treasury
4308:(inactive 16 July 2024).
4222:. Madrid: Marcial Pons.
1768:Basque Nationalist Party
1625:Communist Party of Spain
1497:Communist Party of Spain
1461:Communist Party of Spain
1390:Basque Nationalist Party
1145:National Defence Council
1041:Negrin inspecting troops
892:Communist Party of Spain
816:as foreign minister and
189:Minister of the Treasury
5791:Political organizations
4810:Prime Minister of Spain
4327:Fraser, Ronald (2011).
4306:10.26431/0739-182X.1033
2650:Political organizations
1403:(from 10 December 1937)
881:
794:Prime Minister of Spain
792:named Negrín the 135th
705:international isolation
592:German social democracy
477:outbreak of a world war
411:Second Spanish Republic
83:Prime Minister of Spain
6116:People from Las Palmas
6026:Evacuation of children
5923:International Brigades
4591:Preston, Paul (2012).
4492:"A Pursuit of a Hobby"
4216:Bahamonde Magro, Ángel
2885:Evacuation of children
2782:International Brigades
1728:(from 18 August 1938)
1566:Julio Álvarez del Vayo
1400:Mariano Ansó Zunzarren
1293:
1283:
1261:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1203:Francoist dictatorship
1190:
1180:
1098:
1080:
1042:
947:
923:
899:
741:
722:
662:
600:Miguel Primo de Rivera
587:
571:
549:Santiago Ramón y Cajal
545:central nervous system
432:government during the
422:
402:Spanish pronunciation:
387:María Fidelman Brodsky
4895:Deputy leader of the
4874:Diego Martínez Barrio
4857:Diego Martínez Barrio
4793:Francisco Méndez Aspe
4722:Trades Union Congress
4627:The Spanish Civil War
4605:La justicia de Franco
4603:Ruiz, Julius (2012).
2978:Fundación Juan Negrín
1656:Francisco Méndez Aspe
1456:Jesús Hernández Tomás
1298:Ángel Bahamonde Magro
1170:
1093:
1072:
1040:
937:
806:Jesús Hernández Tomás
739:
585:
566:
560:, winner of the 1959
406:[xwanneˈɣɾin]
237:Francisco Méndez Aspe
5433:Fernández-Villaverde
5260:Democratic Sexennium
4911:Enrique de Francisco
4901:Congress of Deputies
4889:Enrique de Francisco
4648:Vidarte, Juan Simeón
4441:Moradiellos, Enrique
4067:, pp. 245, 263.
3820:, pp. 855, 857.
2292:Fernández-Villaverde
2119:Democratic Sexennium
1763:Manuel de Irujo Ollo
1652:Finance and Economy
1385:Manuel de Irujo Ollo
1100:
425:, PSOE) and of the
244:Congress of Deputies
182:Fidel Dávila Arrondo
6021:Concentration camps
5910:Foreign involvement
4987:Martínez de la Rosa
4776:Enrique Ramos Ramos
4339:(January/February).
4043:, pp. 262–263.
3967:Otero Carvajal 2006
3904:, pp. 298–299.
3868:, pp. 883–884.
3856:, pp. 879–882.
3844:, pp. 876–879.
3832:, pp. 391–392.
3757:, pp. 295–296.
3745:, pp. 380–381.
3733:, pp. 338–339.
3661:, pp. 272–273.
3646:, pp. 190–191.
3634:, pp. 110–111.
3622:, pp. 104–105.
3562:, pp. 102–122.
3482:, pp. 256–258.
3470:, pp. 263–273.
3446:, pp. 434–437.
3422:, pp. 150–153.
3398:, pp. 317–318.
3386:, pp. 647–648.
3263:, pp. 208–209.
3114:, pp. 247–248.
2880:Concentration camps
2769:Foreign involvement
1846:Martínez de la Rosa
1674:Antonio Velao Oñate
1602:Ramón González Peña
1584:Paulino Gómez Sáenz
1438:Julián Zugazagoitia
1251:Negrín died from a
1247:Death and aftermath
1173:avenue Henri-Martin
1089:Juan Simeón Vidarte
1053:and the capture of
946:, in November 1937.
876:Neville Chamberlain
802:Julián Zugazagoitia
746:Minister of Finance
732:Minister of Finance
610:, representing the
586:Negrin in the 1920s
227:Enrique Ramos Ramos
6053:Spanish Revolution
5609:Spain under Franco
5002:Álvarez Mendizábal
4768:Political offices
4490:Ochoa, S. (1980).
4197:, 26 December 2013
2912:Spanish Revolution
2468:Spain under Franco
1861:Álvarez Mendizábal
1759:Without portfolio
1741:Without portfolio
1223:allied governments
1181:
1131:and disillusioned
1043:
1033:Peace negotiations
948:
940:Vicente Rojo Lluch
930:Military situation
785:Barcelona May Days
742:
719:the revolutionary
588:
521:Theodor von Brücke
56:The Most Excellent
6093:
6092:
5904:
5903:
5742:Spanish Civil War
5708:
5707:
5634:Fernández-Miranda
4973:Queen Isabella II
4917:
4916:
4908:Succeeded by
4871:Succeeded by
4847:Segismundo Casado
4844:Succeeded by
4817:Succeeded by
4790:Succeeded by
4748:, 8 October 2006.
4636:978-0-14-101161-5
4614:978-84-9006-243-2
4583:978-0-00-723207-9
4561:978-84-9734-573-6
4548:Payne, Stanley G.
4429:978-1-84519-376-8
4386:978-0-19-280377-1
4164:, pp. 33–34.
3302:, p. xi;125.
2952:
2951:
2763:
2762:
2601:Spanish Civil War
2567:
2566:
2493:Fernández-Miranda
1832:Queen Isabella II
1776:
1775:
1549:Juan Negrín López
1523:
1522:
1416:National Defense
1350:Juan Negrín López
1121:Segismundo Casado
1113:fall of Barcelona
1051:fall of Catalonia
1029:was widespread.
851:social revolution
687:Spanish Civil War
681:Spanish Civil War
667:Alejandro Lerroux
434:Spanish Civil War
398:Juan Negrín López
395:
394:
326:Juan Negrín López
16:(Redirected from
6193:
6001:
5948:
5928:Non-intervention
5795:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5616:
5615:
5532:
5531:
5389:
5388:
5267:
5266:
4980:
4979:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4920:
4886:Preceded by
4854:Preceded by
4830:Indalecio Prieto
4827:Preceded by
4800:Preceded by
4773:Preceded by
4765:
4740:
4714:
4676:
4660:
4655:
4645:
4640:
4618:
4601:
4596:
4587:
4565:
4543:
4526:
4521:
4511:
4486:
4469:
4464:
4438:
4433:
4412:
4395:Jackson, Gabriel
4390:
4378:
4364:
4360:978-0-52-1459327
4340:
4323:
4317:
4309:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4264:
4259:
4247:
4233:
4213:
4198:
4186:
4180:
4177:Ciudadano Negrín
4175:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4107:Moradiellos 2000
4104:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4065:Moradiellos 2000
4062:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4041:Moradiellos 2000
4038:
4032:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3994:
3991:Moradiellos 2004
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3969:, pp. 74ff.
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3931:Moradiellos 2000
3928:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3806:Moradiellos 2000
3803:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3707:Moradiellos 2000
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3548:Moradiellos 2000
3545:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3408:Moradiellos 2000
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3276:Moradiellos 2000
3273:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3181:
3178:Moradiellos 2000
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3142:
3136:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3112:Moradiellos 2000
3109:
3092:
3086:
3067:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2997:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2860:
2807:
2787:Non-intervention
2654:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2475:
2474:
2391:
2390:
2248:
2247:
2126:
2125:
1839:
1838:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1697:Republican Union
1525:
1479:Republican Union
1420:Indalecio Prieto
1324:
1305:Ciudadano Negrín
1193:
1186:Second World War
1014:Munich Agreement
868:Munich Agreement
864:Second World War
798:Indalecio Prieto
725:
712:economic embargo
671:Luis Araquistain
604:Indalecio Prieto
469:Stanley G. Payne
458:Indalecio Prieto
446:Francisco Franco
408:
403:
355:
352:12 November 1956
335:
333:
317:Personal details
296:
275:
254:
234:
224:
208:
199:
178:
170:Indalecio Prieto
166:
154:
145:
128:Francisco Franco
124:
112:
93:
70:
51:
21:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6004:
5995:
5942:
5933:Nyon Conference
5900:
5867:
5786:
5782:List of battles
5745:
5739:
5709:
5704:
5644:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5603:
5584:Martínez Barrio
5554:Martínez Barrio
5529:
5528:
5527:
5525:Second Republic
5519:
5505:Primo de Rivera
5488:Sánchez de Toca
5453:López Domínguez
5406:Martínez Campos
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:The Restoration
5376:
5367:Sierra Bullones
5264:
5263:
5262:
5254:
5046:Pérez de Castro
5029:Heredia-Spínola
4977:
4976:
4975:
4967:
4956:
4950:Prime ministers
4947:
4913:
4904:
4897:Socialist Group
4891:
4876:
4867:
4859:
4849:
4840:
4832:
4822:
4813:
4805:
4795:
4786:
4778:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4688:
4684:
4682:Further reading
4679:
4665:(8 July 2008).
4661:
4658:
4646:
4643:
4637:
4621:
4615:
4602:
4599:
4590:
4584:
4568:
4562:
4546:
4540:
4527:
4524:
4489:
4483:
4470:
4467:
4451:(109). Madrid:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4415:
4409:
4393:
4387:
4367:
4361:
4343:
4333:New Left Review
4326:
4310:
4289:
4284:
4275:
4273:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4236:
4230:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4201:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4148:
4144:
4138:Crónica Popular
4130:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4006:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3095:
3087:
3070:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2863:
2854:
2801:
2792:Nyon Conference
2759:
2726:
2645:
2641:List of battles
2604:
2598:
2568:
2563:
2503:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2443:Martínez Barrio
2413:Martínez Barrio
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:Second Republic
2378:
2364:Primo de Rivera
2347:Sánchez de Toca
2312:López Domínguez
2265:Martínez Campos
2245:
2244:
2243:
2241:The Restoration
2235:
2226:Sierra Bullones
2123:
2122:
2121:
2113:
1905:Pérez de Castro
1888:Heredia-Spínola
1836:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1815:
1809:Prime ministers
1806:
1750:Republican Left
1727:
1725:José Moix Regás
1679:Republican Left
1661:Republican Left
1407:Republican Left
1402:
1372:Republican Left
1322:
1269:
1249:
1215:
1165:
1163:Exile and death
1109:
1103:
1085:Julián Besteiro
1035:
1019:Siege of Madrid
997:
932:
884:
839:
781:
734:
689:
683:
580:
537:First World War
533:
505:
497:Claretian order
485:
473:Gabriel Jackson
401:
373:Political party
357:
353:
337:
336:3 February 1892
331:
329:
328:
327:
297:
292:
276:
271:
255:
250:
232:
222:
214:
206:
200:
195:
176:
164:
152:
146:
141:
122:
110:
94:
89:
73:
61:
58:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6199:
6197:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6098:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6016:Army of Africa
6012:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5949:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5803:
5801:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5630:
5628:Carrero Blanco
5625:
5619:
5617:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5500:Sánchez-Guerra
5497:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:Vega de Armijo
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5327:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5270:
5268:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5245:González Bravo
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5108:González Bravo
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4906:
4892:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4842:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4749:
4734:
4733:External links
4731:
4729:
4728:
4715:
4697:(2): 175–206.
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4656:
4641:
4635:
4619:
4613:
4597:
4595:. W.W. Norton.
4588:
4582:
4566:
4560:
4544:
4538:
4522:
4487:
4481:
4465:
4434:
4428:
4413:
4407:
4391:
4385:
4365:
4359:
4341:
4324:
4282:
4260:
4254:
4238:Beevor, Antony
4234:
4228:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4181:
4166:
4154:
4142:
4123:
4111:
4109:, p. 263.
4096:
4081:
4069:
4057:
4055:, p. 923.
4045:
4033:
4031:, 2 april 1948
4012:
3995:
3993:, p. 174.
3983:
3971:
3959:
3957:, p. 423.
3947:
3945:, p. 413.
3935:
3933:, p. 261.
3918:
3916:, p. 393.
3906:
3894:
3892:, p. 298.
3882:
3880:, p. 394.
3870:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3808:, p. 255.
3795:
3783:
3781:, p. 867.
3771:
3769:, p. 111.
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3721:, p. 798.
3711:
3709:, p. 245.
3699:
3697:, p. 362.
3687:
3675:
3673:, p. 104.
3663:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3610:, p. 100.
3600:
3598:, p. 402.
3588:
3586:, p. 259.
3576:
3574:, p. 405.
3564:
3552:
3550:, p. 254.
3537:
3535:, p. 651.
3525:
3508:
3506:, p. 162.
3496:
3494:, p. 271.
3484:
3472:
3460:
3458:, p. 303.
3448:
3436:
3434:, p. 435.
3424:
3412:
3410:, p. 252.
3400:
3388:
3376:
3374:, p. 263.
3364:
3362:, p. 228.
3352:
3350:, p. 339.
3340:
3338:, p. 147.
3328:
3326:, p. 292.
3316:
3314:, p. 291.
3304:
3292:
3290:, p. 374.
3280:
3278:, p. 250.
3265:
3253:
3241:
3239:, p. 260.
3224:
3209:
3197:
3182:
3180:, p. 248.
3170:
3168:, p. 272.
3158:
3143:
3141:, p. 646.
3128:
3126:, p. 393.
3116:
3093:
3068:
3066:, p. 647.
3053:
3051:, p. 275.
3038:
3019:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:Army of Africa
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2662:
2660:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2487:Carrero Blanco
2484:
2478:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Sánchez-Guerra
2356:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Vega de Armijo
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:González Bravo
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:González Bravo
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1710:Jaume Aiguader
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1638:Segundo Blanco
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1510:Jaume Aiguader
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1274:New York Times
1268:
1265:
1248:
1245:
1214:
1211:
1164:
1161:
1105:Main article:
1102:
1099:
1047:(Trece Puntos)
1034:
1031:
996:
993:
931:
928:
883:
880:
838:
835:
826:Jaume Aiguader
780:
779:Prime minister
777:
733:
730:
685:Main article:
682:
679:
579:
576:
541:adrenal glands
532:
529:
515:, he moved to
504:
501:
493:Canary Islands
484:
481:
444:under General
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
374:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
356:(aged 64)
350:
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318:
314:
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310:
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304:
300:
299:
289:
288:
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279:
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268:
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258:
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242:Member of the
239:
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225:
219:
218:
209:
207:Prime Minister
203:
202:
192:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
155:
153:Prime Minister
149:
148:
138:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
86:
85:
79:
78:
75:
74:
72:Negrín in 1938
71:
63:
62:
59:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6198:
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5986:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5957:Condor Legion
5955:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5924:
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5870:
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5840:
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5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5807:Popular Front
5805:
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5800:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5783:
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5555:
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5542:
5540:
5539:Alcalá-Zamora
5537:
5536:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5515:Aznar-Cabañas
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
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5471:
5469:
5468:García Prieto
5466:
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5439:
5436:
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5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
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5343:
5340:
5338:
5337:Ruiz Zorrilla
5335:
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5332:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Ruiz Zorrilla
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
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5289:
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5284:
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5218:
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5208:
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5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Bravo Murillo
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:García Goyena
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Gómez Becerra
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
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5069:
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5037:
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5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4974:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4852:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4798:
4794:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4570:Preston, Paul
4567:
4563:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4539:84-7491-808-1
4535:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4482:84-8307-624-1
4478:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4408:0-691-00757-8
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4369:Graham, Helen
4366:
4362:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:Graham, Helen
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4283:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4255:0-14-303765-X
4251:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4229:84-95379-00-7
4225:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4140:, 25 May 2012
4139:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:, p. 87.
3792:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3685:, p. 96.
3684:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3251:, p. 28.
3250:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3156:, p. 95.
3155:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2816:Condor Legion
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:Popular Front
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Alcalá-Zamora
2396:
2395:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2374:Aznar-Cabañas
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:García Prieto
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Ruiz Zorrilla
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Ruiz Zorrilla
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:Bravo Murillo
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:García Goyena
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Gómez Becerra
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:Public Works
1669:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Vicente Uribe
1618:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Vicente Uribe
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1241:Marshall Plan
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:El Socialista
1229:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Cipriano Mera
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1101:Casado's coup
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
994:
992:
990:
986:
981:
977:
973:
972:rebel faction
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
941:
936:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:Popular Front
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:PCE's support
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
855:collectivised
852:
848:
844:
836:
834:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:Vicente Uribe
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
778:
776:
774:
773:Joseph Stalin
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:
747:
744:He was named
738:
731:
729:
726:
724:
716:
713:
710:
706:
702:
697:
694:
688:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:republicanism
643:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
584:
577:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
531:Back to Spain
530:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
500:
498:
494:
490:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Popular Front
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
399:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
359:Paris, France
351:
347:
344:
340:
324:
320:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
295:
290:
287:
284:
280:
274:
269:
266:
263:
259:
253:
248:
245:
240:
236:
230:
226:
220:
217:
213:
210:
204:
198:
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:
174:
171:
168:
162:
159:
156:
150:
144:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
120:
117:
114:
108:
105:
102:
98:
92:
87:
84:
80:
76:
69:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
6066:White Terror
6035:
6009:Other topics
5675:Calvo-Sotelo
5662:
5632:
5598:
5492:
5420:
5329:
5317:
5290:
5273:
5137:
5060:
5038:
5011:
4963:
4894:
4862:
4835:
4808:
4781:
4739:(in Spanish)
4724:held in the
4694:
4690:
4670:
4663:Viñas, Ángel
4659:(in Spanish)
4651:
4644:(in Spanish)
4626:
4623:Thomas, Hugh
4604:
4600:(in Spanish)
4592:
4573:
4551:
4529:
4525:(in Spanish)
4499:
4495:
4472:
4468:(in Spanish)
4448:
4437:(in Spanish)
4418:
4398:
4374:
4348:
4336:
4332:
4314:cite journal
4297:
4293:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:
4263:(in Spanish)
4243:
4219:
4212:(in Spanish)
4192:
4184:
4174:(in Spanish)
4169:
4157:
4145:
4137:
4131:(in Spanish)
4126:
4114:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4026:
4015:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3909:
3902:Preston 2006
3897:
3890:Preston 2006
3885:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3818:Vidarte 1973
3813:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3755:Preston 2006
3750:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3644:Preston 2006
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3596:Jackson 1967
3591:
3584:Preston 2006
3579:
3572:Jackson 1967
3567:
3555:
3528:
3499:
3487:
3480:Preston 2006
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3427:
3415:
3403:
3396:Jackson 1967
3391:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3348:Jackson 1967
3343:
3331:
3324:Preston 2012
3319:
3312:Preston 2012
3307:
3295:
3283:
3261:Jackson 1967
3256:
3244:
3237:Preston 2006
3217:(in Spanish)
3212:
3207:, p. 5.
3200:
3195:, p. 2.
3173:
3161:
3124:Jackson 1967
3119:
3010:. Retrieved
3008:(in Spanish)
3005:
2995:
2973:
2964:
2925:White Terror
2894:
2868:Other topics
2534:Calvo-Sotelo
2521:
2491:
2457:
2351:
2279:
2188:
2176:
2149:
2132:
1996:
1919:
1897:
1870:
1822:
1616:Agriculture
1538:Officeholder
1528:
1488:Agriculture
1339:Officeholder
1327:
1309:Imanol Uribe
1304:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1253:heart attack
1250:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1200:
1182:
1151:
1147:
1141:seized power
1117:Manuel Azaña
1115:, President
1110:
1094:
1081:
1073:
1067:capitulation
1046:
1044:
1023:fifth column
998:
962:and August,
949:
908:Soviet Union
885:
840:
822:Manuel Irujo
790:Manuel Azaña
782:
765:
750:
743:
720:
717:
708:
698:
690:
644:
640:Manuel Azaña
636:
589:
572:
567:
558:Severo Ochoa
534:
525:
506:
486:
466:
454:
442:Nationalists
427:left-leaning
397:
396:
354:(1956-11-12)
343:Gran Canaria
303:Constituency
293:
282:Constituency
272:
261:Constituency
251:
233:Succeeded by
215:
196:
177:Succeeded by
157:
142:
123:Succeeded by
104:Manuel Azaña
90:
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
6111:1956 deaths
6106:1892 births
6048:Moscow gold
5996: [
5943: [
5873:Nationalist
5744:(1936–1939)
5680:F. González
5614:(1936–1975)
5564:Chapaprieta
5530:(1931–1939)
5387:(1874–1931)
5331:Mendigorría
5265:(1868–1874)
5180:Mendigorría
5093:J. M. López
5083:A. González
5051:A. González
4978:(1833–1868)
4455:: 245–264.
4119:Juan Negrin
4089:(in French)
4053:Thomas 2003
4020:(in French)
3955:Beevor 2006
3943:Beevor 2006
3914:Beevor 2006
3878:Beevor 2006
3866:Thomas 2003
3854:Thomas 2003
3842:Thomas 2003
3830:Beevor 2006
3791:Graham 2005
3779:Thomas 2003
3767:Graham 2005
3743:Beevor 2006
3731:Beevor 2006
3719:Thomas 2003
3695:Beevor 2006
3683:Graham 2005
3671:Graham 2005
3659:Beevor 2006
3632:Graham 2005
3620:Graham 2005
3608:Graham 2005
3560:Beevor 2006
3533:Thomas 2003
3521:Fraser 2011
3504:Graham 2005
3492:Beevor 2006
3468:Beevor 2006
3456:Beevor 2006
3444:Thomas 2003
3432:Thomas 2003
3420:Graham 2002
3384:Thomas 2003
3372:Beevor 2006
3360:Beevor 2006
3336:Beevor 2006
3300:Graham 2002
3288:Beevor 2006
3249:Beevor 2006
3166:Beevor 2006
3154:Graham 2005
3139:Thomas 2003
3064:Thomas 2003
2907:Moscow gold
2855: [
2802: [
2732:Nationalist
2603:(1936–1939)
2539:F. González
2473:(1936–1975)
2423:Chapaprieta
2389:(1931–1939)
2246:(1874–1931)
2190:Mendigorría
2124:(1868–1874)
2039:Mendigorría
1952:J. M. López
1942:A. González
1910:A. González
1837:(1833–1868)
1314:Ángel Viñas
1219:Axis powers
1137:coup d'état
985:Extremadura
752:Carabineros
578:In politics
483:Early years
379:(1929–1946)
365:Nationality
223:Preceded by
165:Preceded by
111:Preceded by
60:Juan Negrín
6100:Categories
6061:Red Terror
5896:Alfonsists
5886:Falangists
5799:Republican
5757:Background
5750:Chronology
5650:Since 1975
5118:Miraflores
4905:1933–1936
4868:1939–1945
4841:1938–1939
4820:José Miaja
4814:1937–1939
4787:1936–1938
4276:10 October
4008:Viñas 2008
3205:Ochoa 1980
3193:Ochoa 1980
3049:Payne 2007
3034:Faber 2011
3012:18 January
3006:La Moncloa
2987:References
2920:Red Terror
2755:Alfonsists
2745:Falangists
2658:Republican
2616:Background
2609:Chronology
2509:Since 1975
1977:Miraflores
1745:José Giral
1367:José Giral
1125:José Miaja
1111:After the
995:Home front
980:Ebro River
944:José Miaja
912:anarchists
814:José Giral
788:President
691:After the
513:physiology
503:In Germany
489:Las Palmas
339:Las Palmas
332:1892-02-03
307:Las Palmas
265:Las Palmas
5918:Comintern
5777:1938–1939
5510:Berenguer
5473:Romanones
5463:Canalejas
5422:Azcárraga
5235:O'Donnell
5215:O'Donnell
5195:O'Donnell
5190:Espartero
5175:Sartorius
5139:Salamanca
5128:Sotomayor
5073:Espartero
5019:Espartero
5013:Calatrava
4711:145387965
4461:0048-7694
3979:Ruiz 2012
3089:Biografía
2777:Comintern
2636:1938–1939
2369:Berenguer
2332:Romanones
2322:Canalejas
2281:Azcárraga
2094:O'Donnell
2074:O'Donnell
2054:O'Donnell
2049:Espartero
2034:Sartorius
1998:Salamanca
1987:Sotomayor
1932:Espartero
1878:Espartero
1872:Calatrava
1580:Interior
1434:Interior
1177:16th arr.
1133:anarchist
1055:Barcelona
1027:defeatism
989:Catalonia
958:), July,
847:Catalonia
527:Spanish.
294:In office
273:In office
252:In office
197:In office
143:In office
100:President
91:In office
6057:Terrors
6037:Guernica
5981:Viriatos
5976:Portugal
5891:Carlists
5690:Zapatero
5664:Santiago
5494:Bugallal
5401:Jovellar
5357:Castelar
5352:Salmerón
5342:Figueras
5308:Malcampo
5220:Arrazola
5170:Lersundi
5062:Cortázar
4650:(1973).
4625:(2003).
4572:(2006).
4550:(2007).
4502:: 1–30.
4443:(2000).
4397:(1967).
4371:(2005).
4347:(2002).
4240:(2006).
4028:Le Monde
2916:Terrors
2896:Guernica
2840:Viriatos
2835:Portugal
2750:Carlists
2549:Zapatero
2523:Santiago
2353:Bugallal
2260:Jovellar
2216:Castelar
2211:Salmerón
2201:Figueras
2167:Malcampo
2079:Arrazola
2029:Lersundi
1921:Cortázar
1598:Justice
1535:Ministry
1381:Justice
1336:Ministry
1320:Cabinets
1063:Figueres
964:Belchite
914:and the
870:between
709:de facto
569:Spanish.
543:and the
487:Born in
438:Loyalist
32:In this
6083:sidebar
5993:Belarus
5988:Ireland
5952:Germany
5700:Sánchez
5579:Casares
5569:Portela
5549:Lerroux
5443:Montero
5428:Silvela
5411:Sagasta
5396:Cánovas
5372:Sagasta
5362:Serrano
5325:Serrano
5313:Sagasta
5298:Serrano
5281:Serrano
5240:Narváez
5230:Narváez
5210:Istúriz
5200:Narváez
5165:Roncali
5155:Clonard
5150:Narváez
5133:Pacheco
5123:Narváez
5113:Narváez
5103:Olózaga
5024:Bardají
5007:Istúriz
4964:italics
4899:in the
4758:of the
4754:in the
4672:El País
4518:6773467
4205:Sources
4194:El País
2942:sidebar
2852:Belarus
2847:Ireland
2811:Germany
2559:Sánchez
2438:Casares
2428:Portela
2408:Lerroux
2302:Montero
2287:Silvela
2270:Sagasta
2255:Cánovas
2231:Sagasta
2221:Serrano
2184:Serrano
2172:Sagasta
2157:Serrano
2140:Serrano
2099:Narváez
2089:Narváez
2069:Istúriz
2059:Narváez
2024:Roncali
2014:Clonard
2009:Narváez
1992:Pacheco
1982:Narváez
1972:Narváez
1962:Olózaga
1883:Bardají
1866:Istúriz
1823:italics
1562:State'
1179:, Paris
1006:Germany
1002:Rif War
960:Brunete
956:Segovia
920:Spanish
896:Spanish
763:(CNT).
659:Spanish
616:Marxist
517:Leipzig
491:on the
419:Spanish
368:Spanish
216:Himself
158:Himself
38:surname
6078:navbox
5670:Suárez
5623:Franco
5599:Negrín
5574:Barcía
5559:Samper
5416:Posada
5319:Topete
5292:Topete
5250:Havana
5205:Armero
5078:Ferrer
5068:Sancho
5056:Ferraz
4992:Toreno
4709:
4633:
4611:
4580:
4558:
4536:
4516:
4479:
4459:
4426:
4405:
4383:
4357:
4252:
4226:
2937:navbox
2529:Suárez
2482:Franco
2458:Negrín
2433:Barcía
2418:Samper
2275:Posada
2178:Topete
2151:Topete
2109:Havana
2064:Armero
1937:Ferrer
1927:Sancho
1915:Ferraz
1851:Toreno
1734:(PSUC)
1609:(PSOE)
1591:(PSOE)
1573:(PSOE)
1555:(PSOE)
1541:Party
1445:(PSOE)
1427:(PSOE)
1363:State
1356:(PSOE)
1342:Party
1267:Legacy
1228:Cortes
1156:Madrid
1059:Cortes
1012:. The
976:Aragon
968:Teruel
954:&
952:Huesca
872:Hitler
843:Aragon
723:checas
707:and a
384:Spouse
286:Madrid
42:Negrín
18:Negrín
6073:Women
6031:Films
6000:]
5964:Italy
5947:]
5695:Rajoy
5685:Aznar
5658:Arias
5640:Arias
5594:Largo
5589:Giral
5544:Azaña
5483:Maura
5448:Moret
5438:Maura
5275:Madoz
5185:Rivas
5088:Rodil
5040:Alaix
5034:Frías
4997:Álava
4954:Spain
4707:S2CID
4290:(PDF)
2956:Notes
2932:Women
2890:Films
2859:]
2823:Italy
2806:]
2554:Rajoy
2544:Aznar
2517:Arias
2499:Arias
2453:Largo
2448:Giral
2403:Azaña
2342:Maura
2307:Moret
2297:Maura
2134:Madoz
2044:Rivas
1947:Rodil
1899:Alaix
1893:Frías
1856:Álava
1813:Spain
1770:(PNV)
1717:(ERC)
1645:(CNT)
1627:(PCE)
1517:(ERC)
1499:(PCE)
1463:(PCE)
1392:(PNV)
1257:Paris
1010:Italy
837:Goals
46:López
5940:USSR
5881:CEDA
5837:PSUC
5832:PSOE
5827:POUM
5772:1937
5767:1936
5762:Coup
5478:Dato
5286:Prim
4746:RTVE
4631:ISBN
4609:ISBN
4578:ISBN
4556:ISBN
4534:ISBN
4514:PMID
4477:ISBN
4457:ISSN
4424:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4381:ISBN
4355:ISBN
4320:link
4278:2020
4250:ISBN
4224:ISBN
3014:2023
2799:USSR
2740:CEDA
2696:PSUC
2691:PSOE
2686:POUM
2631:1937
2626:1936
2621:Coup
2337:Dato
2145:Prim
1752:(IR)
1699:(UR)
1681:(IR)
1663:(IR)
1481:(UR)
1409:(IR)
1374:(IR)
1201:The
1152:coup
1008:and
942:and
888:PSOE
845:and
783:The
699:The
632:1936
630:and
628:1933
612:left
509:Kiel
349:Died
322:Born
5969:CTV
5863:PNV
5858:UGT
5853:FAI
5849:CNT
5822:PCE
5812:ERC
5225:Mon
4952:of
4760:ZBW
4699:doi
4504:doi
4302:doi
2828:CTV
2722:PNV
2717:UGT
2712:FAI
2708:CNT
2681:PCE
2671:ERC
2084:Mon
1811:of
1255:in
1154:on
1061:in
620:UGT
464:.
40:is
6102::
5998:be
5945:ru
5842:UR
5817:IR
5347:Pi
4744:,
4705:.
4695:18
4693:.
4669:.
4512:.
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4498:.
4494:.
4447:.
4337:67
4335:.
4331:.
4316:}}
4312:{{
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3268:^
3227:^
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3131:^
3096:^
3071:^
3056:^
3041:^
3022:^
3004:.
2857:be
2804:ru
2701:UR
2676:IR
2206:Pi
1175:,
1127:,
1091::
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922::
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