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cells that go on to make other body tissues at an early stage in development. Since he could see no obvious means of communication between the two, he asserted that the inheritance of acquired characteristics was therefore impossible; a conclusion now known as the
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and
Weismann's germ plasm theory that evolution occurs solely through natural selection, and not by the inheritance of acquired characteristics resulting from use or disuse, thus using the word to mean "Darwinism without Lamarckism."
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for the synthetic theory is sometimes considered wrong, because the term neo-Darwinism was coined by
Romanes in 1895 as a designation of Weismann's theory.
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Kutschera, Ulrich (December 2003). "A comparative analysis of the Darwin-Wallace papers and the development of the concept of natural selection".
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by natural selection, as published in 1859, provided a selection mechanism for evolution, but not a trait transfer mechanism.
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who is credited with the first use of the word in a scientific context. Romanes used the term to describe the combination of
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to refer to current-consensus evolutionary theory, not the version prevalent during the early 20th century. Similarly,
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in their writings and lectures to denote the forms of evolutionary biology that were contemporary when they were writing.
873:
Gould, Stephen Jay (2011). "Challenges to Neo-Darwinism and Their
Meaning for a Revised View of Human Consciousness". In
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The Origin of
Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
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87:"), but it can mean any new Darwinian- and Mendelian-based theory, such as the current evolutionary theory.
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in 1895 to refer to an early modification of Darwin's theory. Photograph by
Elliott & Fry (1896)
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495:"The synthetic theory of evolution: general problems and the German contribution to the synthesis"
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79:. It mostly refers to evolutionary theory from either 1895 (for the combinations of Darwin's and
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835:. The video of the lecture was originally posted on May 5, 2010, at old.richarddawkins.net:
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Barbieri, Francisco D. (1989). "The origin of
Metazoa and Weismann's germ line theory".
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689:(June 2004). "The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis".
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PSA: Proceedings of the
Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association
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theory. Weismann realised that the cells that produce the germ plasm, or
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The
Evolutionary Synthesis. Perspectives on the Unification of Biology
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Biologists, however, have not limited their application of the term
150:. The basis for the complete rejection of Lamarckism was Weismann's
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Used to describe the combination of natural selection and genetics
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Following the development, from about 1918 to 1947, of the
123:) inheritance. This was at the time called neo-Darwinism.
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The
Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
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that Darwin had accepted and later expanded upon in
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881:. Vol. 6. Salt Lake City, UT; Cambridge, UK:
59:is generally used to describe any integration of
857:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
840:. Archived from the original on December 1, 2014
747:"Do We Need An Extended Evolutionary Synthesis?"
562:"The Modern Synthesis of Genetics and Evolution"
107:of the early 20th century to form the so-called
672:Volume Two: Symposia and Invited Papers (1984).
568:. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc
462:"On the terms "Darwinism" and "Neo-Darwinism""
2233:
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586:Bock, Walter J. (July 1981). "Reviewed Work:
134:was still a very popular candidate for this.
8:
3187:
2453:
2240:
2226:
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945:
931:
923:
828:"Neo-Darwinism Lecture by Richard Dawkins"
214:to the historical synthesis. For example,
764:
513:
3404:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
2179:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
321:(1st ed.). London, UK: John Murray.
272:
144:inheritance of acquired characteristics
850:
644:10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1984.2.192502
477:
475:
2896:Psychological effects of Internet use
1942:Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
7:
630:(1984). "What is Darwinism Today?".
560:Moran, Laurance (January 22, 1993).
416:The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
83:'s theories of evolution) or 1942 ("
2876:Digital media use and mental health
879:The Tanner Lectures on Human Values
2507:Automatic and controlled processes
1347:Evolutionary developmental biology
419:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of
25:
2916:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
35:Friedrich Leopold August Weismann
3567:
3554:
3542:
3541:
2941:Mobile phones and driving safety
2201:
2192:
2191:
915:Clare Hall, Cambridge University
766:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00246.x
549:from the original on 2022-10-09.
142:rejected the Lamarckian idea of
2844:Computer-mediated communication
2004:Extended evolutionary synthesis
1193:Gene-centered view of evolution
262:History of evolutionary thought
3121:Empathising–systemising theory
2424:female intrasexual competition
2361:Evolutionarily stable strategy
2132:Hologenome theory of evolution
1999:History of molecular evolution
1225:Evolutionarily stable strategy
1114:Last universal common ancestor
1:
3481:Standard social science model
2534:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
1926:Renaissance and Enlightenment
807:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
3329:Missing heritability problem
2921:Social aspects of television
2544:Evolution of nervous systems
2512:Computational theory of mind
2137:Missing heritability problem
1764:Gamete differentiation/sexes
128:Darwin's theory of evolution
3575:Evolutionary biology portal
3613:
3536:Evolutionary psychologists
3409:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
3324:Human–animal communication
3036:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
2886:Imprinted brain hypothesis
2854:Human–computer interaction
1769:Life cycles/nuclear phases
1321:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
887:Cambridge University Press
838:"Lecture on Neo-Darwinism"
460:Beccaloni, George (2013).
99:Several major ideas about
3530:
3456:Environmental determinism
3427:Cultural selection theory
3314:Evolutionary epistemology
3228:evolutionary neuroscience
2901:Rank theory of depression
2403:Parent–offspring conflict
2255:
2187:
1267:Parent–offspring conflict
1072:Earliest known life forms
960:
917:April 30 and May 1, 1984"
713:10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y
524:10.1007/s12064-000-0004-6
346:10.1007/s12064-003-0063-6
3349:Cultural group selection
3233:Biocultural anthropology
2926:Societal impacts of cars
2859:Media naturalness theory
2549:Fight-or-flight response
2120:Cultural group selection
1984:The eclipse of Darwinism
1956:On the Origin of Species
1931:Transmutation of species
883:University of Utah Press
421:Harvard University Press
289:(6th ed.). London:
182:It is, however, usually
148:his writings on heredity
3549:Evolutionary psychology
3513:Sociocultural evolution
3354:Dual inheritance theory
2811:Personality development
2272:Theoretical foundations
2249:Evolutionary psychology
2125:Dual inheritance theory
1964:History of paleontology
802:Encyclopædia Britannica
233:Encyclopædia Britannica
3471:Social constructionism
3466:Psychological nativism
3441:Biological determinism
3389:Recent human evolution
3384:Punctuated equilibrium
3207:Behavioral epigenetics
3202:evolutionary economics
3171:Variability hypothesis
3116:Emotional intelligence
2849:Engineering psychology
2539:Evolution of the brain
1813:Punctuated equilibrium
1134:Non-adaptive radiation
1082:Evolutionary arms race
913:"Lecture delivered at
124:
53:
38:
3498:Multilineal evolution
3461:Nature versus nurture
3420:Theoretical positions
3268:Functional psychology
3263:Evolutionary medicine
3238:Biological psychiatry
2946:Texting while driving
2936:Lead–crime hypothesis
2796:Cognitive development
2781:Caregiver deprivation
2292:Gene selection theory
2105:Evolutionary medicine
1979:Mendelian inheritance
1687:Biological complexity
1675:Programmed cell death
1367:Phenotypic plasticity
1087:Evolutionary pressure
1077:Evidence of evolution
975:Timeline of evolution
875:McMurrin, Sterling M.
502:Theory in Biosciences
466:A. R. Wallace Website
334:Theory in Biosciences
230:Publications such as
170:), separate from the
140:Alfred Russel Wallace
103:came together in the
98:
44:
33:
3597:Evolutionary biology
3451:Cultural determinism
3258:Evolutionary biology
3243:Cognitive psychology
3191:Academic disciplines
2839:Cognitive ergonomics
2806:Language acquisition
2786:Childhood attachment
2599:Wason selection task
2493:Behavioral modernity
2282:Cognitive revolution
2265:Evolutionary thought
2079:Teleology in biology
1974:Blending inheritance
1352:Genetic assimilation
1215:Artificial selection
954:Evolutionary biology
218:wrote in 1984 that:
200:evolutionary biology
3518:Unilineal evolution
3283:Population genetics
3068:Sexy son hypothesis
3006:Hormonal motivation
2986:Concealed ovulation
2527:Dual process theory
2398:Parental investment
2142:Molecular evolution
2100:Ecological genetics
1969:Transitional fossil
1759:Sexual reproduction
1599:endomembrane system
1528:pollinator-mediated
1484:dolphins and whales
1262:Parental investment
705:2004NW.....91..255K
692:Naturwissenschaften
566:TalkOrigins Archive
377:Rivista di Biologia
119:, and particulate (
105:population genetics
46:George John Romanes
3476:Social determinism
3359:Fisher's principle
3319:Great ape language
3309:Cultural evolution
3278:Philosophy of mind
3111:Division of labour
3073:Westermarck effect
3021:Mating preferences
2931:Distracted driving
2665:Literary criticism
2522:Domain specificity
2502:modularity of mind
2115:Cultural evolution
1230:Fisher's principle
1159:Handicap principle
1149:Parallel evolution
1013:Adaptive radiation
743:Pigliucci, Massimo
411:Gould, Stephen Jay
125:
54:
39:
3584:
3583:
3562:Psychology portal
3526:
3525:
3369:Hologenome theory
3339:Unit of selection
3334:Primate cognition
3248:Cognitive science
3179:
3178:
3050:Sexual attraction
3026:Mating strategies
2791:Cinderella effect
2721:Moral foundations
2625:Visual perception
2517:Domain generality
2486:Facial expression
2434:Sexual dimorphism
2393:Natural selection
2339:Hamiltonian spite
2215:
2214:
1831:Uniformitarianism
1784:Sex-determination
1289:Sexual dimorphism
1284:Natural selection
1188:Unit of selection
1154:Signalling theory
900:978-0-521-17647-7
759:(12): 2743–2749.
745:(December 2007).
683:Kutschera, Ulrich
430:978-0-674-00613-3
246:Stephen Jay Gould
188:natural selection
117:natural selection
113:genetic variation
69:natural selection
16:(Redirected from
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3188:
3184:Related subjects
2971:Adult attachment
2498:Cognitive module
2454:
2441:Social selection
2415:Costly signaling
2410:Sexual selection
2297:Modern synthesis
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1994:Modern synthesis
1754:Multicellularity
1749:Mosaic evolution
1634:auditory ossicle
1316:Social selection
1299:Flowering plants
1294:Sexual selection
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177:Weismann barrier
109:modern synthesis
85:modern synthesis
48:originally used
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3508:Neoevolutionism
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3399:Species complex
3364:Group selection
3302:Research topics
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3273:Neuropsychology
3175:
3161:Substance abuse
3083:Sex differences
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2991:Coolidge effect
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2864:Neuroergonomics
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2580:Folk psychology
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1801:Tempo and modes
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980:History of life
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805:. Chicago, IL:
797:"neo-Darwinism"
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687:Niklas, Karl J.
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423:. p. 216.
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313:Darwin, Charles
311:
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281:Darwin, Charles
279:
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242:Richard Dawkins
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206:Current meaning
136:August Weismann
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81:August Weismann
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3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Mind-blindness
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2835:
2833:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2584:theory of mind
2577:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2467:
2465:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2417:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Baldwin effect
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1950:Charles Darwin
1947:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Non-ecological
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1639:nervous system
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Origin of life
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Microevolution
1121:
1119:Macroevolution
1116:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Common descent
1054:
1053:
1052:
1042:
1037:
1035:Baldwin effect
1032:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
958:
957:
952:
950:
949:
942:
935:
927:
920:
919:
899:
865:
819:
788:
734:
699:(6): 255–276.
674:
638:(2): 145–156.
619:
600:(3): 644–646.
578:
552:
493:(March 2000).
487:Junker, Thomas
471:
452:
429:
402:
367:
340:(4): 343–359.
324:
304:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
257:
254:
228:
227:
207:
204:
184:George Romanes
92:
89:
61:Charles Darwin
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3609:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Neo-Darwinism
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Functionalism
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Connectionism
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:indeterminism
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Schizophrenia
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Mental health
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Mate guarding
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Age disparity
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:Schizophrenia
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2831:Mental health
2827:
2826:Human factors
2823:
2817:
2816:Socialization
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:paternal bond
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2640:NaĂŻve physics
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:Motor control
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2564:Ophidiophobia
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Arachnophobia
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Display rules
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Kin selection
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Adaptationism
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:Phylogenetics
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:Structuralism
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Catastrophism
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Neo-Darwinism
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:Reinforcement
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1835:Catastrophism
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Macromutation
1823:
1822:Micromutation
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Immune system
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:symbiogenesis
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:Kin selection
1255:
1253:
1252:Genetic drift
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
959:
955:
948:
943:
941:
936:
934:
929:
928:
925:
916:
910:
906:
902:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
866:
860:
854:
839:
834:
830:
823:
820:
808:
804:
803:
798:
792:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
762:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
738:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
678:
675:
669:
665:
661:
657:
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75:'s theory of
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73:Gregor Mendel
70:
66:
63:'s theory of
62:
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57:Neo-Darwinism
51:
50:Neo-Darwinism
47:
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19:
3573:
3560:
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3534:
3502:
3293:Sociobiology
3151:Neuroscience
3131:Intelligence
2677:Anthropology
2630:Color vision
2615:Multitasking
2594:Flynn effect
2589:Intelligence
2571:Folk biology
2314:Evolutionary
2164:Polymorphism
2147:Astrobiology
2095:Biogeography
2050:Saltationism
2040:Orthogenesis
2025:Alternatives
1988:
1954:
1940:
1873:Cospeciation
1868:Cladogenesis
1817:Saltationism
1774:Mating types
1697:Color vision
1682:Avian flight
1604:mitochondria
1342:Canalisation
1220:Biodiversity
965:Introduction
878:
868:
842:. Retrieved
822:
811:. Retrieved
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635:
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570:. Retrieved
565:
555:
508:(1): 41–91.
505:
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491:HoĂźfeld, Uwe
465:
455:
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383:(1): 61–74.
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126:
111:, including
91:Original use
56:
55:
49:
18:Neodarwinism
3432:Determinism
3344:Coevolution
3288:Primatology
3126:Gender role
3031:Orientation
2911:Screen time
2768:Affectional
2750:Development
2429:Mate choice
2356:By-products
2324:Adaptations
2287:Cognitivism
2174:Systematics
2045:Mutationism
1863:Catagenesis
1791:Snake venom
1724:Eusociality
1702:in primates
1692:Cooperation
1620:In animals
1440:butterflies
1413:Cephalopods
1403:Brachiopods
1335:Development
1309:Mate choice
1062:Convergence
1045:Coevolution
1003:Abiogenesis
889:. pp.
628:Mayr, Ernst
291:John Murray
3379:Population
3374:Lamarckism
3220:behavioral
3198:Behavioral
3146:Narcissism
3091:Aggression
2881:Hypophobia
2871:Depression
2758:Attachment
2740:Universals
2704:Psychology
2682:Biological
2670:Musicology
2660:Aesthetics
2559:Basophobia
2366:Exaptation
2344:Reciprocal
2035:Lamarckism
2013:Philosophy
1936:David Hume
1898:Peripatric
1893:Parapatric
1878:Ecological
1858:Anagenesis
1853:Allopatric
1845:Speciation
1809:Gradualism
1734:Metabolism
1594:chromosome
1584:Eukaryotes
1362:Modularity
1279:Population
1205:Population
1166:Speciation
1144:Panspermia
1097:Extinction
1092:Exaptation
1067:Divergence
1040:Cladistics
1028:Reciprocal
1008:Adaptation
844:2013-07-07
813:2015-11-19
572:2007-09-19
439:2001043556
268:References
248:have used
216:Ernst Mayr
152:germ plasm
132:Lamarckism
3224:cognitive
3216:Affective
3101:Cognition
3055:Sexuality
3041:Pair bond
2801:Education
2458:Cognition
2376:Inclusive
2316:processes
2304:Criticism
2169:Protocell
2020:Darwinism
1908:Sympatric
1657:processes
1545:Tetrapods
1494:Kangaroos
1420:Dinosaurs
1357:Inversion
1326:Variation
1247:Gene flow
1240:Inclusive
1050:Mutualism
995:Evolution
909:846869183
752:Evolution
668:147090072
652:0270-8647
606:0004-8038
532:1431-7613
510:CiteSeerX
389:0035-6050
354:1431-7613
222:The term
158:(such as
121:Mendelian
101:evolution
65:evolution
3591:Category
3493:Memetics
3253:Ethology
3211:genetics
3046:Physical
3011:Jealousy
2966:Activity
2772:maternal
2728:Religion
2716:Morality
2694:Language
2575:taxonomy
2388:Mismatch
2334:Cheating
2329:Altruism
2197:Category
2072:Vitalism
2067:Theistic
2060:Spandrel
1744:Morality
1739:Monogamy
1614:plastids
1579:Flagella
1535:Reptiles
1516:sea cows
1499:primates
1408:Molluscs
1386:Bacteria
1274:Mutation
1207:genetics
1183:Taxonomy
1129:Mismatch
1109:Homology
1023:Cheating
1018:Altruism
853:cite web
775:17924956
729:10731711
721:15241603
544:Archived
447:47869352
413:(2002).
362:24297627
315:(1868).
283:(1872).
256:See also
77:genetics
3394:Species
3166:Suicide
3001:Fantasy
2981:Arousal
2763:Bonding
2652:Culture
2476:Display
2463:Emotion
2371:Fitness
2260:History
2088:Related
1918:History
1779:Meiosis
1714:Empathy
1709:Emotion
1609:nucleus
1550:Viruses
1540:Spiders
1452:Mammals
1435:Insects
1235:Fitness
1171:Species
970:Outline
877:(ed.).
833:YouTube
783:2703146
701:Bibcode
614:4086148
593:The Auk
540:4893208
397:2665023
299:1185571
172:somatic
168:animals
156:gametes
3572:
3559:
3546:
3136:Memory
3096:Autism
3063:female
2996:Desire
2733:Origin
2709:Speech
2699:Origin
2471:Affect
2207:Portal
1883:Hybrid
1719:Ethics
1561:organs
1523:Plants
1509:lemurs
1504:humans
1489:horses
1479:hyenas
1467:wolves
1462:canids
1396:origin
907:
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297:
3106:Crime
2689:Crime
2620:Sleep
2610:skill
2450:Areas
1670:Death
1665:Aging
1644:brain
1430:Fungi
1391:Birds
1304:Fungi
1102:Event
985:Index
891:53–73
779:S2CID
725:S2CID
664:S2CID
656:JSTOR
610:JSTOR
547:(PDF)
536:S2CID
498:(PDF)
358:S2CID
160:sperm
71:with
3059:male
2420:Male
2157:Tree
1629:hair
1569:Cell
1472:dogs
1457:cats
1447:Life
1425:Fish
1378:taxa
905:OCLC
895:ISBN
859:link
809:2015
771:PMID
717:PMID
648:ISSN
636:1984
602:ISSN
528:ISSN
443:OCLC
435:LCCN
425:ISBN
393:PMID
385:ISSN
350:ISSN
295:OCLC
244:and
236:use
164:eggs
162:and
138:and
2958:Sex
2635:Eye
1655:Of
1624:eye
1574:DNA
1559:Of
1376:Of
831:on
761:doi
709:doi
640:doi
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342:doi
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