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this discipline through the use of specific geographic ICT tools. This new definition, complementing previous ones, restores to academic geography the leading role proponents claim it should play when considering a renewal of the discipline with the rigor and right granted by its centuries-existence, but also includes the interesting social phenomenon of citizen participation in the geographical knowledge from its dual role: as undoubted possibility of enrichment for geography and as social phenomenon with geographic interest.
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could be also defined as the use of new specific information society tools, especially the
Internet, to the aims and purposes of geography as an academic discipline; in all branches of geographical thought and incorporating contributions from outside of geography performed by non-specialist users in
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historically have developed tools and techniques targeted towards formal applications that require precision and accuracy. By contrast, neogeography tends to apply to the areas of approachable, colloquial applications. The two realms can have overlap as the same problems are presented to different
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There is currently much debate about the scope and application of neogeography in the web mapping, geography, and GIS fields. Some of this discussion considers neogeography to be the ease of use of geographic tools and interfaces while other points focus on the domains of application.
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or passive collection of user-data such as Flickr tags for folksonomic toponyms. While involving non-trained volunteers in the data creation process, research proves users perceive volunteered geographic information as highly valuable and trustworthy.
58:. Immediate precursor terms in the industry press were: "the geospatial Web" and "the geoaware Web" (both 2005); "Where 2.0" (2005); "a dissident cartographic aesthetic" and "mapping and counter-mapping" (2006). These terms arose with the concept of
22:(literally "new geography") is the use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or by a non-expert group of users. Application domains of neogeography are typically not formal or analytical.
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There are also a great many artists and inter-disciplinary practitioners involved in an engagement with new forms of mapping and locative art. It is thus far wider than simply
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388:"Neogeography and the Palimpsests of Place: Web 2.0 and the Construction of a Virtual Earth ", M. Graham (2010). Journal of Economic And Social Geography (TESG)
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A number of geographers and geoinformatics scientists (such as Mike
Goodchild) have expressed strong reservations about the term "neogeography". They say that
85:, and more. The technically oriented aspects of the field, far more tightly defined than in Scott's definition, were outlined by Andrew Turner in his
54:. The word was first used in relation to the study of online communities in the 1990s by Kenneth Dowling, the Librarian of the City and County of
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The term neogeography was first defined in its contemporary sense by
Randall Szott in 2006. He argued for a broad scope, to include artists,
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is an established scientific discipline; uses such as mashups and tags in Google Earth are not scientific works, but are better described as
346:"Haklay, M., Singleton, A. and Parker, C., 2008. Web mapping 2.0: The neogeography of the GeoWeb. Geography Compass, 2(6), pp.2011-2039".
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units. Subsequently, the use of geospatial technologies began to see increased integration with non-geographically focused applications.
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401:"User-centred design of neogeography: the impact of volunteered geographic information on users' perceptions of online map 'mashups'"
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456:"Evaluating a concept design of a crowd-sourced 'mashup' providing ease-of-access information for people with limited mobility"
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movement that sought to expand the use of location-based technologies to encompass personal expression and society.
89:(O'Reilly, 2006). The contemporary use of the term, and the field in general, owes much of its inspiration to the
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Neogeography has also been connected with the increase in user-generated geographic content, closely related to
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Neogeography is not limited to a specific technology and is not strictly web-based, so is not synonymous with
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Flanagin, A. J.; Metzger, M. J. (2008). "The credibility of volunteered geographic information".
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has been used since at least 1922. In the early 1950s in the U.S. it was a term used in the
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technologies that occurred with the release of such tools as "slippy maps" such as
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May, Andrew; Parker, Christopher J.; Taylor, Neil; Ross, Tracy (December 2014).
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Goodchild (2009). "NeoGeography and the nature of geographic expertise".
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332:"A short enquiry into the origins and uses of the term “neogeography”",
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Parker, Christopher J.; May, Andrew; Mitchell, Val (August 2012).
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Parker, Christopher J.; May, Andrew; Mitchell, Val (2014-07-03).
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Transportation
Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
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558:"Search results - neogeography"
122:Discussion about the definition
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300:Introduction to Neogeography
87:Introduction to Neogeography
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173:Geography Markup Language
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298:Turner, Andrew (2006).
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466:: 103–113.
243:Web mapping
163:Cartography
150:web mapping
132:web mapping
68:Google Maps
570:Categories
405:Ergonomics
265:GeoJournal
250:References
64:geospatial
425:0014-0139
348:CiteSeerX
139:geography
44:sociology
38:The term
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223:Soundmap
156:See also
60:Web 2.0
34:History
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