917:
971:
1233:
630:
887:
1302:
726:
1413:
1269:
1523:
1588:
810:
1388:
1715:
1684:
789:
1443:
1061:
1196:
866:
1175:
1746:
1767:
131:
992:
946:
1090:
655:
705:
3998:
4022:
4034:
4010:
118:
2031:
Yonezawa, T.; Segawa, T.; Mori, H.; Campos, P. F.; Hongoh, Y.; Endo, H.; Akiyoshi, A.; Kohno, N.; Nishida, S.; Wu, J.; Jin, H.; Adachi, J.; Kishino, H.; Kurokawa, K.; Nogi, Y.; Tanabe, H.; Mukoyama, H.; Yoshida, K.; Rasoamiaramanana, A.; Yamagishi, S.; Hayashi, Y.; Yoshida, A.; Koike, H.;
2073:
Mayr, Gerald; De Pietri, Vanesa L.; Love, Leigh; Mannering, Al; Scofield, Richard Paul (2019). "Oldest, smallest and phylogenetically most basal pelagornithid, from the early
Paleocene of New Zealand, sheds light on the evolutionary history of the largest flying birds".
499:. Although groups such as the former two (uniting a few closely related orders) are robustly supported, this cannot be said for the groups Metaves and Coronaves for which there is no material evidence at present, while the
460:) sequences allowed scientists to refine the classification. With new groups of neognath orders being verified, the taxonomic rank of the group needed to shift. Most researchers have now employed the unranked
398:(more derived) features of the palaeognaths, meaning that the respective jaw structure of these groups is not informative in terms of comparative evolution. However, a neognath-like palate is also present in
523:, combining those elements from each that more modern research agrees with while updating those that are refuted. Most of the changes affect those "higher landbirds" that are sometimes united as
356:, about 90 million years ago. Since then, they have undergone adaptive radiation, producing the diversity of form, function, and behavior that exists today. Neognathae includes the
2910:
4208:
4139:
2266:
For a draft phylogeny of
Neoaves that is based on a review of massive amounts of published sources, and probably rather close to "the real thing", see Mindell
4213:
516:
916:
2905:
363:(perching birds), one of the largest orders of land vertebrates, containing some 60% of living birds. Passeriformes is twice as species-rich as
970:
1923:"The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae"
2203:"Bird neurocranial and body mass evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: The avian brain shape left other dinosaurs behind"
629:
2449:
1980:
Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
503:
record of
Neognathae is at present utterly devoid of birds that should have been present if these proposed clades were real.
4038:
1232:
886:
2895:
1301:
130:
2677:
725:
1412:
4144:
2592:
2582:
2103:"The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates"
465:
1921:
De Pietri, Vanesa L.; Scofield, R. Paul; Zelenkov, Nikita; Boles, Walter E.; Worthy, Trevor H. (February 2016).
1522:
2918:
2900:
1587:
1387:
809:
520:
479:(sometimes called "higher neognaths"). The subdivisions of the latter are still not well resolved, but several
429:
1714:
1268:
2923:
1683:
4056:
2890:
2702:
2652:
788:
268:
4175:
2727:
1442:
187:
1195:
1060:
865:
4154:
4126:
4103:
3355:
2359:
2214:
2157:
1934:
1871:
2034:"Phylogenomics and Morphology of Extinct Paleognaths Reveal the Origin and Evolution of the Ratites"
1174:
394:
means "new jaws", but it seems that the supposedly "more ancient" paleognath jaws are among the few
4203:
2885:
2777:
2717:
2662:
2442:
1745:
699:
548:
216:
4021:
3668:
2732:
2692:
2657:
1903:
1565:
1148:
783:
375:. Neognathae also contains some very small orders, often birds of unclear relationships like the
125:
2403:
Mindell, David P.; Brown, Joseph W. & Harshman, John (2005): The Tree of Life Web
Project -
1858:
Field, Daniel J.; Benito, Juan; Chen, Albert; Jagt, John W. M.; Ksepka, Daniel T. (March 2020).
4180:
4014:
1766:
4162:
3794:
3741:
3691:
2834:
2824:
2767:
2567:
2562:
2385:
2240:
2183:
2055:
2013:
1962:
1895:
1887:
1161:
991:
986:
945:
4167:
3660:
2802:
2474:
2375:
2367:
2230:
2222:
2173:
2165:
2124:
2114:
2083:
2045:
2003:
1993:
1952:
1942:
1879:
1727:
1696:
1369:
1055:
720:
345:
232:
4094:
352:, but molecular clocks suggest that neognaths originated sometime in the first half of the
3892:
3720:
3190:
2712:
2697:
2635:
2534:
2462:
1982:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1494:
1403:
1190:
1089:
1042:
961:
911:
654:
511:
The orders are arranged in a sequence that attempts to follow the modern view on neognath
436:. Until the 1980s, there was little subdivision of the Aves in general, and even less of
357:
353:
203:
107:
30:
2363:
2218:
2161:
1938:
1875:
704:
471:
Neognathae is now universally accepted to subdivide into two lineages, the "fowl" clade
4002:
3932:
3884:
3818:
3757:
3712:
3699:
3573:
3536:
3387:
3161:
2998:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2722:
2707:
2602:
2597:
2577:
2572:
2554:
2502:
2435:
2380:
2347:
2235:
2202:
2178:
2145:
2129:
2102:
2008:
1981:
1957:
1922:
1740:
1548:
1455:
1382:
1284:
1076:
804:
747:
686:
574:
559:
524:
488:
484:
445:
417:
390:. They differ from the Palaeognathae in features like the structure of their jawbones.
1859:
4197:
3940:
3924:
3847:
3839:
3673:
3471:
3321:
3208:
3166:
2966:
2958:
2880:
2844:
2762:
2686:
1907:
1761:
1709:
1678:
1578:
1517:
1227:
760:
563:
433:
360:
320:
69:
4108:
4026:
3770:
3615:
3431:
3269:
3217:
3089:
3050:
2819:
2807:
2797:
2787:
2484:
1535:
1437:
1111:
1011:
940:
881:
645:
607:
480:
472:
437:
317:
2348:"A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds"
2146:"A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds"
4088:
3831:
3678:
3484:
3463:
3452:
3417:
3284:
3274:
3232:
3123:
2990:
2792:
2617:
2612:
2544:
2529:
2497:
2396:
Mindell, David P. & Brown, Joseph W. (2005): The Tree of Life Web
Project -
2292:
Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of
Neoaves.
1860:"Late Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birds"
1665:
1468:
1124:
1015:
936:
860:
620:
404:
305:
44:
3948:
3810:
3749:
3728:
3560:
3544:
3479:
3424:
3396:
3328:
3293:
3171:
2854:
2829:
2587:
2119:
2050:
2033:
1883:
1607:
1603:
1582:
1359:
1255:
1080:
932:
421:
399:
383:
335:
286:
89:
54:
1998:
1891:
543:
mobility increased due to the following modifications (Feduccia 1980, 1996):
308:. Neognathae includes the majority of living birds; the exceptions being the
3908:
3863:
3652:
3445:
3362:
3346:
3335:
3245:
3181:
3140:
2839:
2640:
2627:
2607:
2507:
1481:
1263:
1165:
1007:
587:
512:
496:
340:
142:
94:
4079:
2389:
2371:
2244:
2226:
2187:
2169:
2059:
2017:
1966:
1899:
424:
subdivided into orders. Attempts to organise this group further, as in the
4073:
3876:
3606:
3581:
3527:
3438:
3410:
3300:
3264:
3256:
3238:
3133:
3118:
3102:
2849:
2812:
2645:
1552:
1019:
840:
500:
449:
395:
387:
349:
162:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
34:
4118:
1947:
440:
merit. Since then, the availability of massive amounts of new data from
3786:
3639:
3518:
3403:
3369:
3307:
3128:
2982:
2974:
2667:
2539:
2524:
2514:
2422:
2297:
1288:
676:
624:
552:
492:
476:
457:
376:
324:
309:
208:
117:
99:
74:
2427:
2087:
3916:
3855:
3631:
3623:
3552:
3492:
3376:
3314:
3197:
2864:
2859:
2737:
1169:
1032:
540:
441:
372:
364:
331:
313:
152:
4050:
2397:
2310:
3802:
3589:
3152:
2417:
2201:
Torres, Christopher R.; Norell, Mark A.; Clarke, Julia A. (2021).
1292:
1259:
965:
570:
302:
590:
of modern bird relationships based on Braun & Kimball (2021)
4131:
3778:
3145:
3108:
3078:
2492:
2458:
2404:
1407:
1296:
1128:
1084:
649:
461:
298:
290:
172:
38:
4054:
2942:
2431:
2032:
Akishinonomiya, F.; Willerslev, E.; Hasegawa, M. (2016-12-15).
3900:
2757:
2519:
453:
368:
259:
256:
253:
238:
244:
247:
250:
235:
213:
4063:
3875:
3830:
3769:
3740:
3711:
3690:
3651:
3614:
3605:
3572:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3462:
3386:
3345:
3283:
3255:
3231:
3207:
3180:
3101:
3088:
3049:
3018:
2957:
2873:
2776:
2676:
2626:
2553:
2483:
432:, were never accepted by a significant majority of
241:
2407:. Version of 2005-DEC-14. Retrieved 2008-JAN-08.
2400:. Version of 2005-DEC-14. Retrieved 2008-JAN-08.
106:Possible early Late Cretaceous origin based on
573:, such that it does not reach caudally to the
2443:
8:
386:, an elongate third finger, and 13 or fewer
371:(bats), which are the two largest orders of
4051:
3611:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3252:
3098:
3085:
3046:
3042:
3015:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2935:
2450:
2436:
2428:
116:
20:
2379:
2234:
2177:
2128:
2118:
2049:
2007:
1997:
1956:
1946:
483:lineages have been proposed, such as the
2144:Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (Dec 2015).
367:and about five times as species-rich as
1850:
4209:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
7:
4155:6435bb2e-2124-43bf-a274-7bd6ef9a253e
4009:
2346:Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015).
2298:https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
4214:Taxa named by William Plane Pycraft
4033:
1733:
1702:
1671:
1571:
1541:
1510:
1487:
1461:
1375:
1365:
1248:
1220:
1154:
1144:
1117:
1048:
1038:
853:
846:
776:
753:
692:
682:
613:
603:
593:
338:with the oldest known member being
334:are known from the very end of the
515:. It differs from the widely used
14:
2911:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
323:. There are nearly 10,000 living
4032:
4020:
4008:
3997:
3996:
3887:(New World vultures and condors)
1765:
1744:
1713:
1682:
1586:
1521:
1441:
1411:
1386:
1300:
1267:
1231:
1194:
1173:
1088:
1059:
990:
969:
944:
915:
885:
864:
808:
787:
724:
703:
653:
628:
231:
129:
1986:Molecular Biology and Evolution
278: 'new, young' and
316:, which belong instead to the
1:
3951:(woodpeckers and relatives)
535:Feduccia defined the clade
4230:
3813:(cormorants and relatives)
2906:Extinct species since 1500
2423:Tree of Life: Galloanserae
2257:Mindell & Brown (2005)
1927:Royal Society Open Science
3992:
3943:(kingfishers and rollers)
3797:(albatrosses and petrels)
3681:(swifts and hummingbirds)
3663:(nightjars and relatives)
3513:
3487:(pheasants and relatives)
3045:
3014:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2934:
2470:
2120:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693
2051:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.029
1884:10.1038/s41586-020-2096-0
1759:
1738:
1731:
1707:
1700:
1676:
1669:
1601:
1576:
1569:
1546:
1539:
1515:
1508:
1492:
1485:
1466:
1459:
1435:
1401:
1380:
1373:
1363:
1282:
1253:
1246:
1225:
1218:
1188:
1159:
1152:
1142:
1122:
1115:
1074:
1053:
1046:
1036:
1005:
984:
959:
930:
909:
879:
858:
851:
844:
802:
781:
774:
758:
751:
718:
697:
690:
680:
643:
618:
611:
601:
466:phylogenetic nomenclature
382:The neognaths have fused
200:
195:
126:Scientific classification
124:
115:
23:
3842:(seriemas and relatives)
3821:(pelicans and relatives)
521:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
430:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
412:Taxonomy and systematics
3935:(hornbills and hoopoes)
3850:(falcons and relatives)
2101:Marjanović, D. (2021).
2076:Papers in Palaeontology
3919:(trogons and quetzals)
3731:(cranes and relatives)
3001:(emus and cassowaries)
2891:Glossary of bird terms
2703:Confuciusornithiformes
2372:10.1126/sciadv.1501005
2227:10.1126/sciadv.abg7099
2170:10.1126/sciadv.1501005
1999:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
1520:(trogons and quetzals)
577:, or is lost entirely.
551:articulation with the
452:birds) and molecular (
4176:Paleobiology Database
3760:(kagu and sunbittern)
3723:(gulls and relatives)
2728:Songlingornithiformes
2693:Omnivoropterygiformes
2418:Tree of Life: Neoaves
2313:NEORNITHES: 46 Orders
2107:Frontiers in Genetics
3582:Phoenicopteriformes
1385:(New World vultures)
519:as well as from the
416:Neognathae was long
3553:Mesitornithiformes
3547:(doves and pigeons)
2881:Families and orders
2743:Ichthyornithiformes
2718:Patagopterygiformes
2364:2015SciA....1E1005C
2322:John Boyd's website
2309:Boyd, John (2007).
2219:2021SciA....7.7099T
2162:2015SciA....1E1005C
1948:10.1098/rsos.150635
1939:2016RSOS....350635D
1876:2020Natur.579..397F
700:Phoenicopteriformes
312:and the flightless
297:, within the class
285: 'jaw') is an
217:Odontopterygiformes
16:Infraclass of birds
3895:(eagles and hawks)
3795:Procellariiformes
3700:Opisthocomiformes
3669:Steatornithiformes
2896:List by population
2733:Hongshanornithidae
2658:Evolution of birds
1566:Picodynastornithes
1149:Austrodyptornithes
784:Mesitornithiformes
4191:
4190:
4163:Open Tree of Life
4057:Taxon identifiers
4048:
4047:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3781:(loons or divers)
3750:Phaethontiformes
3742:Phaethontimorphae
3692:Opisthocomiformes
3661:Caprimulgiformes
3601:
3600:
3590:Podicipediformes
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3227:
3226:
3010:
3009:
2967:Struthioniformes
2835:Waterfowl hunting
2768:Gastornithiformes
2763:Aepyornithiformes
2753:Lithornithiformes
2088:10.1002/spp2.1284
1870:(7799): 397–401.
1841:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1424:
1423:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1207:
1206:
1162:Procellariiformes
1101:
1100:
987:Opisthocomiformes
898:
897:
830:
829:
821:
820:
737:
736:
666:
665:
569:Reduction of the
558:Development of a
517:Clements taxonomy
224:
223:
191:
110:
4221:
4184:
4183:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4052:
4036:
4035:
4024:
4012:
4011:
4000:
3999:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3925:Leptosomiformes
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3893:Accipitriformes
3888:
3867:
3866:(perching birds)
3859:
3851:
3843:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3787:Sphenisciformes
3782:
3761:
3753:
3732:
3724:
3721:Charadriiformes
3703:
3682:
3664:
3643:
3635:
3632:Musophagiformes
3627:
3612:
3593:
3585:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3488:
3475:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3155:
3148:
3112:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3047:
3043:
3016:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2936:
2803:Bird collections
2758:Dinornithiformes
2663:Darwin's finches
2653:Origin of flight
2593:Seabird breeding
2583:Sexual selection
2452:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2393:
2383:
2358:(11): e1501005.
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2306:
2300:
2290:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2207:Science Advances
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2156:(11): e1501005.
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1950:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1855:
1769:
1748:
1734:
1728:Psittacopasserae
1717:
1703:
1697:Eufalconimorphae
1686:
1672:
1590:
1572:
1542:
1525:
1511:
1497:(cuckoo roller)
1488:
1462:
1445:
1415:
1390:
1376:
1370:Accipitrimorphae
1366:
1304:
1271:
1249:
1235:
1221:
1198:
1177:
1155:
1145:
1118:
1092:
1063:
1056:Phaethontiformes
1049:
1039:
994:
973:
948:
919:
889:
868:
854:
847:
812:
791:
777:
754:
728:
721:Podicipediformes
707:
693:
683:
657:
632:
614:
604:
594:
346:Nemegt Formation
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
215:
186:
134:
133:
120:
105:
104:
41:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4161:
4153:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4059:
4049:
4044:
3956:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3933:Bucerotiformes
3927:(cuckoo-roller)
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3885:Cathartiformes
3871:
3865:
3857:
3856:Psittaciformes
3849:
3841:
3826:
3820:
3819:Pelecaniformes
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3765:
3759:
3758:Eurypygiformes
3751:
3736:
3730:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3597:
3591:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:Pterocliformes
3554:
3546:
3497:
3486:
3473:
3458:
3382:
3341:
3279:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3203:
3176:
3153:
3146:
3106:
3105:
3093:
3092:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3006:
3000:
2999:Casuariiformes
2992:
2991:Apterygiformes
2984:
2976:
2968:
2945:
2930:
2901:Lists by region
2869:
2779:
2772:
2713:Chaoyangiformes
2698:Jeholornithidae
2672:
2636:Origin of birds
2622:
2603:Brood parasites
2549:
2479:
2466:
2456:
2414:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2038:Current Biology
2030:
2029:
2025:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1610:and relatives)
1555:and relatives)
1495:Leptosomiformes
1425:
1404:Accipitriformes
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1208:
1191:Sphenisciformes
1102:
1043:Eurypygimorphae
962:Charadriiformes
912:Musophagiformes
899:
831:
822:
738:
667:
652:and relatives)
627:and relatives)
584:
539:as birds whose
533:
525:near passerines
509:
414:
354:Late Cretaceous
234:
230:
204:Pangalloanserae
185:
128:
111:
108:molecular clock
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
31:Late Cretaceous
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4227:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4196:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4172:
4159:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4113:
4100:
4085:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4018:
4006:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3946:
3941:Coraciiformes
3938:
3930:
3922:
3917:Trogoniformes
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:Passeriformes
3861:
3853:
3848:Falconiformes
3845:
3840:Cariamiformes
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3803:Ciconiiformes
3800:
3792:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3726:
3717:
3715:
3713:Cursorimorphae
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3578:
3576:
3574:Mirandornithes
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3545:Columbiformes
3541:
3539:
3537:Columbimorphae
3530:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3472:Meleagridinae
3468:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3392:
3390:
3388:Odontophoridae
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:Stictonettinae
3164:
3162:Dendrocygninae
3159:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3115:
3113:
3096:
3083:
3040:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2915:Notable birds
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2865:Egg collecting
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:Hesperornithes
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Ambiortiformes
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Enantiornithes
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2412:External links
2410:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2301:
2296:, 2(1), 1-22;
2285:
2272:
2259:
2250:
2193:
2136:
2093:
2082:(1): 217–233.
2065:
2023:
1972:
1913:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1741:Psittaciformes
1737:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1585:and relatives)
1575:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1549:Bucerotiformes
1545:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:(mouse birds)
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:Coraciimorphae
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1410:and relatives)
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1383:Cathartiformes
1379:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1285:Pelecaniformes
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1077:Eurypygiformes
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
968:and relatives)
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
896:
895:
892:
891:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
837:
836:
833:
832:
828:
827:
824:
823:
819:
818:
815:
814:
805:Pterocliformes
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
780:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
757:
752:
750:
748:Columbimorphae
744:
743:
740:
739:
735:
734:
731:
730:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
696:
691:
689:
687:Mirandornithes
681:
679:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
617:
612:
610:
602:
600:
592:
583:
580:
579:
578:
567:
556:
532:
529:
508:
505:
489:Cypselomorphae
485:Mirandornithes
446:Enantiornithes
434:ornithologists
413:
410:
327:of neognaths.
222:
221:
220:
219:
211:
206:
198:
197:
193:
192:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
122:
121:
113:
112:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4226:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4041:
4040:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:Strigiformes
3899:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3752:(tropicbirds)
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3674:Podargiformes
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:Cuculiformes
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3322:Macrocephalon
3319:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3209:Anseranatidae
3206:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3017:
3013:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:Tinamiformes
2981:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:Palaeognathae
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Pigeon racing
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2687:Archaeopteryx
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1933:(2): 150635.
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:Passeriformes
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:Falconiformes
1705:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1679:Cariamiformes
1674:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1579:Coraciiformes
1574:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1518:Trogoniformes
1513:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:Ciconiiformes
1223:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:(tropicbirds)
1057:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
993:
988:
982:
981:
978:
977:
974:
972:
967:
963:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
947:
942:
938:
934:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
918:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
894:
893:
890:
888:
883:
877:
876:
873:
872:
869:
867:
862:
856:
855:
849:
848:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
826:
825:
817:
816:
813:
811:
806:
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
790:
785:
779:
778:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
762:
761:Columbiformes
756:
755:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:
729:
727:
722:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
706:
701:
695:
694:
688:
685:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
662:
661:
658:
656:
651:
647:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
631:
626:
622:
616:
615:
609:
606:
605:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
582:Relationships
581:
576:
572:
568:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
549:Basipterygoid
546:
545:
544:
542:
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:Passeriformes
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
330:The earliest
328:
326:
322:
321:Palaeognathae
319:
315:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:Ancient Greek
264:
228:
218:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
194:
189:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
127:
123:
119:
114:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
36:
32:
22:
19:
4064:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3911:(mousebirds)
3909:Coliiformes
3779:Gaviiformes
3771:Aequornithes
3679:Apodiformes
3640:Otidiformes
3616:Otidimorphae
3563:(sandgrouse)
3485:Phasianinae
3451:
3444:
3437:
3432:Odontophorus
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3270:Oreophasinae
3216:
3196:
3189:
3094:(waterfowls)
3090:Anseriformes
3019:
2840:Cockfighting
2825:Conservation
2820:Bird feeding
2808:Birdwatching
2798:Ornithomancy
2738:Gansuiformes
2685:
2678:Fossil birds
2568:Intelligence
2355:
2351:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2304:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2253:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2044:(1): 68–77.
2041:
2037:
2026:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1764:(passerines)
1760:
1739:
1708:
1677:
1602:
1577:
1547:
1536:Picocoraciae
1516:
1493:
1467:
1438:Strigiformes
1436:
1402:
1381:
1283:
1254:
1226:
1189:
1160:
1123:
1112:Aequornithes
1075:
1054:
1022:and allies)
1016:hummingbirds
1006:
985:
960:
931:
910:
882:Cuculiformes
880:
859:
807:(sandgrouse)
803:
782:
759:
719:
698:
646:Anseriformes
644:
619:
608:Galloanserae
597:
585:
547:Loss of the
536:
534:
510:
481:monophyletic
473:Galloanseres
470:
444:(especially
438:phylogenetic
425:
415:
403:
391:
381:
339:
329:
318:sister taxon
294:
282:
279:
275:
272:
226:
225:
182:
179:Infraclass:
18:
4089:Wikispecies
4039:WikiProject
3949:Piciformes
3832:Australaves
3811:Suliformes
3729:Gruiformes
3584:(flamingos)
3493:Tetraoninae
3464:Phasianidae
3453:Rhynchortyx
3418:Dactylortyx
3285:Megapodidae
3275:Penelopinae
3233:Galliformes
2975:Rheiformes
2969:(ostriches)
2919:individuals
2793:Ornithology
2780:interaction
2535:Preen gland
2327:30 December
1992:: 108–127.
1666:Australaves
1608:woodpeckers
1583:kingfishers
1469:Coliiformes
1193:(penguins)
1166:albatrosses
1125:Gaviiformes
861:Otidiformes
702:(flamingos)
621:Galliformes
586:Neognathae
507:Systematics
405:Ichthyornis
402:birds like
384:metacarpals
306:Archosauria
267:; from
4204:Neognathae
4198:Categories
4109:Neognathae
4095:Neognathae
4065:Neognathae
3789:(penguins)
3642:(bustards)
3480:Perdicinae
3425:Dendrortyx
3397:Callipepla
3329:Megapodius
3294:Aepypodius
3172:Tadorninae
3154:true geese
2985:(tinamous)
2944:Neornithes
2855:Pheasantry
2830:Aviculture
2598:Incubation
2588:Lek mating
2398:Neornithes
2340:References
2113:. 521693.
1681:(seriemas)
1604:Piciformes
1360:Telluraves
1264:cormorants
1256:Suliformes
1081:sunbittern
933:Gruiformes
863:(bustards)
763:(pigeons)
598:Neognathae
537:Neognathia
531:Neognathia
448:and other
426:Conspectus
422:superorder
400:ornithuran
396:apomorphic
392:Neognathae
369:Chiroptera
336:Cretaceous
287:infraclass
227:Neognathae
196:Subgroups
183:Neognathae
3858:(parrots)
3702:(hoatzin)
3653:Strisores
3634:(turacos)
3626:(cuckoos)
3555:(mesites)
3474:(turkeys)
3446:Philortyx
3363:Agelastes
3356:Acryllium
3347:Numididae
3336:Talegalla
3246:gamebirds
3239:landfowls
3218:Anseranas
3182:Anhimidae
3141:Anserinae
2924:fictional
2646:dinosaurs
2641:Theropoda
2628:Evolution
2573:Migration
2555:Behaviour
1908:212937591
1892:0028-0836
1845:Footnotes
1743:(parrots)
1712:(falcons)
1553:hornbills
1482:Cavitaves
1230:(storks)
1020:nightjars
1008:Strisores
989:(hoatzin)
914:(turacos)
884:(cuckoos)
786:(mesites)
588:cladogram
575:pterygoid
560:pterygoid
513:phylogeny
497:Coronaves
388:vertebrae
344:from the
341:Teviornis
295:neognaths
293:, called
283:(gnáthos)
149:Kingdom:
143:Eukaryota
24:Neognaths
4116:BioLib:
4074:Wikidata
4003:Category
3877:Afroaves
3805:(storks)
3607:Passerea
3592:(grebes)
3528:Columbea
3439:Oreortyx
3411:Cyrtonyx
3301:Alectura
3265:Cracinae
3257:Cracidae
3134:Oxyurini
3124:Aythyini
3119:Anatinae
3103:Anatidae
2850:Falconry
2813:big year
2668:Seabirds
2578:Foraging
2525:Feathers
2390:26824065
2279:Mindell
2245:34330706
2188:26824065
2060:27989673
2018:32781465
1967:26998335
1900:32188952
1289:pelicans
1266:, etc.)
841:Passerea
723:(grebes)
625:chickens
564:palatine
501:Mesozoic
475:and the
450:Mesozoic
365:Rodentia
350:Mongolia
310:tinamous
163:Chordata
159:Phylum:
153:Animalia
139:Domain:
4132:4434461
4015:Commons
3519:Neoaves
3404:Colinus
3370:Guttera
3308:Eulipoa
3129:Mergini
2993:(kiwis)
2977:(rheas)
2788:Ringing
2613:Hybrids
2608:Nesting
2563:Singing
2540:Plumage
2515:Dactyly
2485:Anatomy
2475:Outline
2465:: Aves)
2405:Neoaves
2381:4730849
2360:Bibcode
2352:Sci Adv
2236:8324052
2215:Bibcode
2179:4730849
2158:Bibcode
2150:Sci Adv
2130:8149952
2009:7783168
1958:4785986
1935:Bibcode
1872:Bibcode
1260:boobies
1170:petrels
677:Neoaves
553:cranium
541:palatal
493:Metaves
477:Neoaves
458:protein
442:fossils
377:hoatzin
373:mammals
332:fossils
325:species
314:ratites
301:of the
209:Neoaves
188:Pycraft
169:Class:
37:, 72–0
35:present
4168:241846
4152:NZOR:
4080:Q19168
4027:Portal
3903:(owls)
3377:Numida
3315:Leipoa
3198:Chauna
3191:Anhima
2886:Genera
2860:Imping
2778:Human
2618:Colony
2545:Vision
2530:Flight
2388:
2378:
2283:(2005)
2281:et al.
2270:(2005)
2268:et al.
2243:
2233:
2213:(31).
2186:
2176:
2127:
2058:
2016:
2006:
1965:
1955:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1864:Nature
1440:(owls)
1297:ibises
1295:&
1293:herons
1033:Ardeae
1012:swifts
966:waders
941:cranes
566:joint.
495:, and
418:ranked
281:γνάθος
276:(néos)
190:, 1900
4181:98826
3147:swans
3109:ducks
3079:fowls
2874:Lists
2498:Brain
2463:class
2459:Birds
2318:(PDF)
2294:Birds
1904:S2CID
1408:hawks
1129:loons
937:rails
650:ducks
571:vomer
420:as a
358:order
303:clade
291:birds
271:
4145:8825
4140:NCBI
4119:8327
2520:Eggs
2508:milk
2503:Crop
2493:Beak
2386:PMID
2329:2017
2241:PMID
2184:PMID
2056:PMID
2014:PMID
1963:PMID
1896:PMID
1888:ISSN
1168:and
1085:kagu
1083:and
939:and
462:taxa
456:and
299:Aves
274:νέος
173:Aves
45:PreꞒ
4127:EoL
4104:ADW
2376:PMC
2368:doi
2231:PMC
2223:doi
2174:PMC
2166:doi
2125:PMC
2115:doi
2084:doi
2046:doi
2004:PMC
1994:doi
1953:PMC
1943:doi
1880:doi
1868:579
464:of
454:DNA
428:of
348:of
289:of
4200::
4178::
4165::
4142::
4129::
4106::
4091::
4076::
2384:.
2374:.
2366:.
2354:.
2350:.
2320:.
2239:.
2229:.
2221:.
2209:.
2205:.
2182:.
2172:.
2164:.
2152:.
2148:.
2123:.
2111:12
2109:.
2105:.
2078:.
2054:.
2042:27
2040:.
2036:.
2012:.
2002:.
1990:38
1988:.
1984:.
1961:.
1951:.
1941:.
1929:.
1925:.
1902:.
1894:.
1886:.
1878:.
1866:.
1862:.
1299:)
1291:,
1262:,
1172:)
1131:)
1018:,
1014:,
527:.
491:,
487:,
468:.
408:.
379:.
260:iː
95:Pg
39:Ma
33:–
3248:)
3241:-
3237:(
3111:)
3107:(
3081:)
3077:(
3073:e
3071:a
3069:r
3067:e
3065:s
3063:n
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3059:o
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3055:l
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3051:G
3038:e
3036:a
3034:h
3032:t
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2461:(
2451:e
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2437:v
2392:.
2370::
2362::
2356:1
2331:.
2315:"
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2247:.
2225::
2217::
2211:7
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2117::
2090:.
2086::
2080:7
2062:.
2048::
2020:.
1996::
1969:.
1945::
1937::
1931:3
1910:.
1882::
1874::
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1551:(
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1258:(
1164:(
1127:(
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1010:(
964:(
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263:/
257:θ
254:ə
251:n
248:ɡ
245:ɒ
242:ˈ
239:i
236:n
233:/
229:(
214:†
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:Ꞓ
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