1136:
3010:, also known as modern neo-Confucianism, started developing and absorbed the Western learning to seek a way to modernize Chinese culture based on the traditional Confucianism. It centers on four topics: The modern transformation of Chinese culture; Humanistic spirit of Chinese culture; Religious connotation in Chinese culture; and Intuitive way of thinking, to go beyond the logic and to wipe out the concept of exclusion analysis. Adhering to the traditional Confucianism and the neo-confucianism, the modern neo-Confucianism contributes the nation's emerging from the predicament faced by the ancient Chinese traditional culture in the process of modernization; furthermore, it also promotes the world culture of industrial civilization rather than the traditional personal senses.
120:
1173:, where he provided detailed advice on how to conduct weddings, funerals, family ceremonies, and the veneration of ancestors. Buddhist thought soon attracted him, and he began to argue in Confucian style for the Buddhist observance of high moral standards. He also believed that it was important to practical affairs that one should engage in both academic and philosophical pursuits, although his writings are concentrated more on issues of theoretical (as opposed to practical) significance. It is reputed that he wrote many essays attempting to explain how his ideas were not Buddhist or Taoist and included some heated denunciations of Buddhism and Taoism. After the
1162:(1017–1073) is seen as the first true "pioneer" of neo-Confucianism, using Taoist metaphysics as a framework for his ethical philosophy. Neo-Confucianism was both a revival of classical Confucianism, updated to align with the social values of the Song dynasty, and a reaction to the challenges of Buddhism and Taoism philosophy and religion which emerged during the Zhou and Han dynasties. Although the neo-Confucianists denounced Buddhist metaphysics, Neo-Confucianism did borrow Taoist and Buddhist terminology and concepts.
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1169:(1130–1200), his teachings were so influential that they were integrated into civil-service examination from approximately 1314 until 1905. He was a rather prolific writer, maintaining and defending his Confucian beliefs of social harmony and proper personal conduct. One of his most remembered was the book
1262:
Neo-Confucianism is a social and ethical philosophy using metaphysical ideas, some borrowed from Taoism, as its framework. The philosophy can be characterized as humanistic and rationalistic, with the belief that the universe could be understood through human reason, and that it was up to humanity to
1274:
But the spirit of Neo-Confucian rationalism is diametrically opposed to that of
Buddhist mysticism. Whereas Buddhism insisted on the unreality of things, Neo-Confucianism stressed their reality. Buddhism and Taoism asserted that existence came out of, and returned to, non-existence; Neo-Confucianism
2752:
In the early 16th century, Jo attempted to transform Joseon into an ideal neo-Confucian society with a series of radical reforms until he was executed in 1520. Despite this, neo-Confucianism soon assumed an even greater role in the Joseon dynasty. Soon neo-Confucian scholars, no longer content to
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and was so moved by it that he transcribed the book in its entirety and came back to Korea with it. It greatly inspired Korean intellectuals at the time and many, predominantly from the middle class and disillusioned with the excesses of organized religion (namely
Buddhism) and the old nobility,
1311:
took sides with Lu and critiqued some of the foundations of the Tao school, albeit not rejecting the school entirely. Objections arose to
Yangming's philosophy within his lifetime, and shortly after his death, Chen Jian (1497–1567) grouped Wang together with Lu as unorthodox writers, dividing
1107:
that had influenced
Confucianism during and after the Han dynasty. Although the neo-Confucianists were critical of Taoism and Buddhism, the two did have an influence on the philosophy, and the neo-Confucianists borrowed terms and concepts. However, unlike the Buddhists and Taoists, who saw
2726:
in 1392, neo-Confucianism was installed as the state ideology. Buddhism, and organized religion in general, was considered poisonous to the neo-Confucian order. Buddhism was accordingly restricted and occasionally persecuted by Joseon. As neo-Confucianism encouraged education, a number of
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in
Japanese) also provided, in part, an ideological basis for some samurai who sought to pursue action based on intuition rather than scholasticism. As such, it also provided an intellectual foundation for the radical political actions of low ranking samurai in the decades prior to the
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and argued that neo-Confucianism had caused the teachings of
Confucianism to be hopelessly contaminated with Buddhist thinking. This school also criticized neo-Confucianism for being overly concerned with empty philosophical speculation that was unconnected with reality.
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But neo-Confucianism became so dogmatic in a relatively rapid time that it prevented much needed socioeconomic development and change, and led to internal divisions and criticism of many new theories regardless of their popular appeal. For instance,
1534:. However, in contrast to Buddhists and Taoists, neo-Confucians did not believe in an external world unconnected with the world of matter. In addition, neo-Confucians in general rejected the idea of reincarnation and the associated idea of
1312:
neo-Confucianism into two schools. As a result, neo-Confucianism today is generally categorized into two different schools of thought. The school that remained dominant throughout the medieval and early modern periods is called the
1354:(Liu Jishan, 1578–1645). The significance of this third branch, according to Mou, was that they represented the direct lineage of the pioneers of neo-Confucianism, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai and Cheng Hao. Moreover, this third
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regarded reality as a gradual realization of the Great
Ultimate... Buddhists, and to some degree, Taoists as well, relied on meditation and insight to achieve supreme reason; the Neo-Confucianists chose to follow Reason.
1270:. Unlike the Buddhists, the neo-Confucians believed that reality existed, and could be understood by humankind, even if the interpretations of reality were slightly different depending on the school of neo-Confucianism.
2808:, were considered heresy and severely condemned by Korean neo-Confucianists. Furthermore, any annotations on Confucian canon different from Zhu Xi were excluded. Under Joseon, the newly emerging ruling class called
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as a catalyst for spiritual development, religious enlightenment, and immortality, the neo-Confucianists used metaphysics as a guide for developing a rationalist ethical philosophy. Traditional
Confucian beliefs
2898:. The Lý, Trần court expanded the Confucianism influences in Vietnamese Mandarin through year examinations, continued the model of Tang dynasty until being annexed by the Ming invaders in 1407. In 1460, emperor
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While neo-Confucianism incorporated
Buddhist and Taoist ideas, many neo-Confucianists strongly opposed Buddhism and Taoism. Indeed, they rejected the Buddhist and Taoist religions. One of
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embraced neo-Confucianism. The newly rising neo-Confucian intellectuals were leading groups aimed at the overthrow of the old (and increasingly foreign-influenced) Goryeo dynasty.
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1188:(1472–1529) is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker. Wang's interpretation of Confucianism denied the rationalist dualism of Zhu's orthodox philosophy.
580:
2542:
1242:, neo-Confucianism was an officially recognized creed from its development during the Song dynasty until the early twentieth century, and lands in the sphere of Song China (
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2814:(사림, 士林) also split into political factions according to their diversity of neo-Confucian views on politics. There were two large factions and many subfactions.
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deities, Japanese people alone had the intuitive ability to distinguish good and evil without complex rationalization. Wang
Yangming's school of thought (
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in the thirteenth century, Chinese scholars and officials restored and preserved neo-Confucianism as a way to safeguard the cultural heritage of China.
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2258:
1362:, combined, form the true mainstream of neo-Confucianism instead of the Cheng–Zhu school. The mainstream represented a return to the teachings of
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Neo-Confucianism could have been an attempt to create a more rationalist and secular form of Confucianism by rejecting mystical elements of
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This article is about a movement developed during the Song and Ming dynasties. For a movement that emerged in the 20th century, see
2998:) which in the subsequent Ming and Qing dynasties were made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examination.
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There were many competing views within the neo-Confucian community, but overall, a system emerged that resembled both Buddhist and
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2772:(한강 정구, 寒岡 鄭逑, 1543–1620), known as the "three heroes". They were followed by a second generation of scholars who included
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In medieval China, the mainstream of neo-Confucian thought, dubbed the "Tao school", had long categorized a thinker named
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Neo-Confucianism was a heterogeneous philosophical tradition, and is generally categorized into two different schools.
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is in one's heart-mind, there is no better place to seek than within oneself. His preferred method of doing so was
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1584:(Wang Shouren), probably the second most influential neo-Confucian, came to another conclusion: namely, that if
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all drinking out of the same vinegar jar, paintings associated with the slogan "The three teachings are one!"
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Many Korean scholars visited China during the Yuan era and An was among them. In 1286, he read a book of
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The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns
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1687:. These revolutionizing ideas of Wang Yangming would later inspire prominent Japanese thinkers like
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among the unorthodox, non-Confucian writers. However, in the 15th century, the esteemed philosopher
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actually believed those interpretations, and point out that there were very active schools such as
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Neo-Confucianism became the interpretation of Confucianism whose mastery was necessary to pass the
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only read and remember the Chinese original precepts, began to develop new neo-Confucian theories.
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Genealogy of the Way: The Construction and Uses of the Confucian Tradition in Late Imperial China
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are seen as forebears of the neo-Confucianists of the Song dynasty. The Song dynasty philosopher
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Portrait of Chu Văn An (1292–1370), prominently Vietnamese Confucianist teacher in 14th century.
3831:"The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century"
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The rationalism of neo-Confucianism is in contrast to the mysticism of the previously dominant
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1530:), but not pure unless action is taken to purify it. The imperative is then to purify one's
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Zhu Xi's formulation of the neo-Confucian world view is as follows. He believed that the
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Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods
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Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming
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2695:'s school of neo-Confucianism to Korea. Neo-Confucianism was introduced to Korea by
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Different neo-Confucians had differing ideas for how to do so. Zhu Xi believed in
1254:) were all deeply influenced by neo-Confucianism for more than half a millennium.
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in Neo-Confucianism gave the movement its Chinese name, literally "The study of
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Neo-Confucianism has its origins in the Tang dynasty; the Confucianist scholars
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and mistakenly emphasized intellectual studies over the study of sagehood.
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create a harmonious relationship between the universe and the individual.
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1378:. The Cheng–Zhu school was therefore only a minority branch based on the
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Yi Hwang's most prominent disciples were Kim Seong-il (金誠一, 1538–1593),
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The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China
1671:, arguing that every person knows from birth the difference between
1195:(Daoist) thought of the time and some of the ideas expressed in the
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Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming’s Youth (1472–1509)
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The Confucian canon as it exists today was essentially compiled by
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Korea, neo-Confucianism was established as the state ideology. The
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1667:'seated meditation'). Wang Yangming developed the idea of
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Philosophical school of Confucianism mainly influenced by Zhu Xi
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in itself is pure and almost-perfect, but with the addition of
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1622:'quiet sitting'), a practice that strongly resembles
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One of the most important exponents of neo-Confucianism was
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and affected the development of Japanese neo-Confucianism.
1478:
3841:
de Bary, William Theodore; Chaffee, John W., eds. (1989).
2780:(敬堂 張興孝, 1564–1633), and by a third generation (including
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argues that there existed a third branch of learning, the
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which offered competing interpretations of Confucianism.
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801:
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3655:. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 168–169.
1332:, based on its esteem for Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming.
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Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation
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have questioned the degree to which their role as the
1234:'s most famous essays decries the worship of Buddhist
1006:
992:
6691:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
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de Bary, William Theodore; et al., eds. (2008).
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adopted Neo-Confucianism as Đại Việt's basic values.
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The competing school of Confucianism was called the
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Religion in the Song dynasty § Neo-Confucianism
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3920:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
3847:. University of California Press. pp. 455–.
3696:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.
2892:opened first Confucius university in Hanoi named
2796:) who brought the school into the 18th century
2761:were the most prominent of these new theorists.
2745:(이황, 李滉; pen name Toegye 퇴계, 退溪; 1501–1570) and
876:
862:
2804:'s theories, which were popular in the Chinese
1452:'heaven') is expressed in principle or
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3813:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 7
3724:"The Reception of Chinese Literature in Korea"
2691:occupation of the Korean Peninsula introduced
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1328:. The less dominant, opposing school was the
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3844:Neo-confucian Education: The Formative Stage
1724:Political factions during the Joseon dynasty
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3890:The Message of the Mind in Neo-Confucianism
2538:Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations
2032:Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
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1335:In contrast to this two-branch model, the
1049:理學, literally "School of Principle") is a
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3771:, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
3568:
3566:
3564:
2603:Controversy over National Foundation Day
1476:), but that it is sheathed in matter or
50:This article includes a list of general
3970:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3892:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3675:
3622:
3620:
3542:. Harvard University Press. p. 13.
3530:
2819:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
1747:
1299:Two-school model vs. three-school model
1211:). A well known neo-Confucian motif is
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3866:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2934:reflects the degree to which both the
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1518:). In the neo-Confucian formulation,
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1088:dynasties under the formulations of
4025:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1199:(Book of Changes) as well as other
1117:were also included, leading to the
4006:State University of New York Press
3908:Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook
3888:de Bary, William Theodore (1989).
3769:A Sourcebook of Chinese Philosophy
3396:(also known as Ekiken) (1630–1714)
1080:, and became prominent during the
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1691:, who argued that because of the
6761:The Closing of the American Mind
6681:Civilization and Its Discontents
6661:A Vindication of Natural Society
3014:Prominent neo-Confucian scholars
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2626:
2385:New National Participation Party
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538:Confucian royal ancestral shrine
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4033:Writings of the Orthodox School
3864:Sources of East Asian Tradition
3692:An Introduction to Confucianism
3612:Levinson & Christensen 2002
3600:Levinson & Christensen 2002
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3995:University of California Press
3910:. New York: Free, 1993. Print.
3804:University of California Press
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6930:Classical Chinese philosophy
6721:The Society of the Spectacle
3993:. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
3802:. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
2970:. Zhu codified the canon of
2565:North-West Youth Association
1708:(1600–1868) was overthrown.
1374:and the Commentaries of the
1346:, based on the teachings of
1316:for the esteem it places in
3950:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
3914:Henderson, John B. (1998).
3751:List of Korean philosophers
2395:Our Republican Party (2020)
2390:Our Republican Party (2017)
2259:Democratic Republican Party
1350:(Hu Wufeng, 1106–1161) and
1119:devaluing of women in Korea
567:Indonesian Confucian Church
6966:
4197:Hundred Schools of Thought
4020:"Neo-Confucian Philosophy"
3651:Wilson, Thomas A. (1995).
3338:
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3070:also known as Wang Shouren
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2727:neo-Confucian schools (서원
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2523:Center for Free Enterprise
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6741:The Culture of Narcissism
3906:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley.
3790:Columbia University Press
3557:. SUNY Press. p. 64.
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1987:Four Major Rivers Project
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6731:The History of Sexuality
5830:Catholic social teaching
4040:(in English and Chinese)
3815:. Taylor & Francis.
3796:Chan, Wing-tsit (1946).
3784:Chan, Wing-tsit, trans.
3767:Chan, Wing-tsit (1963),
2485:Maeil Business Newspaper
2475:The Korea Economic Daily
2421:United Liberal Democrats
2370:Korea Independence Party
2274:Democratic Liberal Party
2264:Democratic Justice Party
1898:Economic interventionism
1739:This article is part of
1094:Mongol conquest of China
1068:, which originated with
651:Traditional Chinese
429:Spring and Autumn Annals
309:Progressive Confucianism
135:Spring and Autumn period
6861:Philosophy of education
4192:Nine Schools of Thought
3954:Charles Scribner's Sons
3935:Huang, Siu-chi (1999).
2741:(조광조, 趙光祖; 1482–1520),
2633:Conservatism portal
2613:Politics of South Korea
2284:Korea Nationalist Party
1732:Portrait of Jo Gwang-jo
1567:lies within the world.
1092:(1130–1200). After the
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505:Classic of Filial Piety
341:Confucianism by country
71:more precise citations.
5800:
5754:
5740:
5495:State consequentialism
3811:Craig, Edward (1998).
3688:Yao, Xinzhong (2000).
2992:of Confucius, and the
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2776:(張顯光, 1554–1637) and
2645:South Korea portal
2588:Anti-Chinese sentiment
2360:Korea Democratic Party
2304:New Conservative Party
1733:
1588:is in all things, and
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6866:Philosophy of history
6856:Philosophy of culture
6751:A Conflict of Visions
4512:Northern and Southern
2883:
2862:Further information:
2839:Further information:
2749:(이이, 李珥; 1536–1584).
2608:National Security Act
2375:Korean National Party
2349:Dawn of Liberty Party
2314:People's Future Party
1997:Mutual Defense Treaty
1731:
1722:Further information:
1716:Further information:
1704:(1868), in which the
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1129:Further information:
1045:, often shortened to
803:Sung3 Ming4 lei5 hok6
560:Holy Confucian Church
149:Warring States period
6871:Political philosophy
6671:Democracy in America
3538:Taylor, Jay (2011).
3341:Edo Neo-Confucianism
2983:Doctrine of the Mean
2835:Edo Neo-Confucianism
2768:(柳成龍 1542–1607) and
2570:White Shirts Society
2299:National Association
2279:Grand National Party
2248:Parties (mainstream)
1876:Anti-North sentiment
1679:. Such knowledge is
1372:Doctrine of the Mean
1115:such as gender roles
928:Revised Romanization
789:Sung-Mìhng léih-hohk
461:Doctrine of the Mean
295:Lingnan Confucianism
192:Fundamental concepts
6945:Korean Confucianism
6940:Japanese philosophy
6711:One-Dimensional Man
4142:School of Diplomacy
3956:. pp. 302–307.
3614:, pp. 305–307.
3602:, pp. 302–307.
3555:Japanese Philosophy
3124:Korean Confucianism
2514:Other organizations
2331:United Future Party
2294:Liberty Korea Party
2027:October Restoration
1718:Korean Confucianism
545:Temple of Confucius
317:Hermeneutic schools
6831:Cultural pessimism
6826:Cultural criticism
5725:National character
4076:Chinese philosophy
3749:2008.1). See also
2932:state examinations
2930:interpretation in
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2548:Unification Church
2401:People First Party
2319:People Power Party
2269:Future Korea Party
1734:
1706:Tokugawa shogunate
1424:'way') of
1279:The importance of
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1062:Chinese philosophy
751:Sung-Ming li-hsüeh
737:Sonq-Ming liishyue
723:ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
552:Confucian churches
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3882:978-0-231-14323-3
3874:978-0-231-14305-9
3854:978-0-520-06393-8
3822:978-0-415-07310-3
3778:978-0-691-07137-4
3747:Confucius Studies
3722:Emanuel Pastreich
3707:978-0-521-64430-3
3678:, pp. 94–95.
3487:Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm
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5990:
5985:
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5965:
5964:
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5954:
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5929:
5924:
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5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5886:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
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5859:
5849:
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5827:
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5806:
5797:
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5795:
5785:
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5775:
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5760:
5751:
5746:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5693:Invisible hand
5690:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5636:
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5629:
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5614:
5609:
5604:
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5571:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5524:Metaphilosophy
5521:
5516:
5511:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5455:
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5430:
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5280:
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5218:
5213:
5208:
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5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5136:Lee Shui-chuen
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5005:Zhang Xuecheng
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
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4783:
4777:
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4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Wang Chongyang
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4682:Five Dynasties
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
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4555:
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4545:
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4519:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4505:
4503:Three Kingdoms
4499:
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4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
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4412:
4406:
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4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
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4263:
4258:
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4228:
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4220:
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4194:
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4166:
4154:
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4107:
4097:
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4080:
4079:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4014:
4013:External links
4011:
4010:
4009:
3998:
3987:
3976:
3964:, ed. (2001).
3958:
3945:
3932:
3926:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3885:
3859:
3853:
3838:
3837:(Winter 2003).
3829:Daehwan, Noh.
3827:
3821:
3808:
3793:
3782:
3777:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3738:
3726:
3713:
3706:
3680:
3668:
3662:978-0804724258
3661:
3643:
3631:
3629:, p. 552.
3616:
3604:
3592:
3590:, p. 460.
3577:
3560:
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3508:
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3454:
3448:
3445:Trần Thái Tông
3442:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3412:Nakai Chikuzan
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3370:Yamazaki Ansai
3367:
3361:
3355:
3352:Fujiwara Seika
3348:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3327:Jeong Yak-yong
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:Ryu Seongryong
3233:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3210:Seo Gyeongdeok
3207:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3180:
3174:
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3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
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3077:
3071:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3038:also known as
3033:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3006:In the 1920s,
3003:
3000:
2977:Great Learning
2963:
2960:
2940:Chinese gentry
2924:Benjamin Elman
2911:
2908:
2859:
2856:
2845:Fujiwara Seika
2833:Main article:
2830:
2827:
2823:Fujiwara Seika
2778:Jang Heung-Hyo
2774:Jang Hyungwang
2766:Yu Seong-ryong
2701:Goryeo dynasty
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2650:
2649:
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2647:
2635:
2620:
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2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
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2582:Related topics
2581:
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2562:
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2545:
2540:
2535:
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2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:National Youth
2377:
2372:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2328:
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2316:
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2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
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2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Park Chung Hee
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
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2089:
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2078:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
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2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1871:Anti-communism
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1752:in South Korea
1745:
1744:
1713:
1710:
1669:innate knowing
1577:Lu–Wang school
1575:Main article:
1572:
1571:Lu–Wang school
1569:
1390:Main article:
1387:
1384:
1380:Great Learning
1360:Lu–Wang school
1330:Lu–Wang school
1300:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1259:
1256:
1171:Family Rituals
1126:
1123:
1072:(768–824) and
1064:influenced by
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1004:
998:
997:
990:
984:
983:
982:Transcriptions
975:
974:
967:
961:
960:
953:
947:
946:
942:
941:
938:
937:
930:
924:
923:
922:Transcriptions
915:
914:
907:
901:
900:
893:
887:
886:
882:
881:
874:
868:
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860:
854:
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837:
831:
830:
824:
823:
813:
807:
806:
799:
793:
792:
785:
779:
778:
776:Yue: Cantonese
772:
771:
761:
755:
754:
747:
741:
740:
733:
727:
726:
719:
713:
712:
705:
699:
698:
692:
691:
690:Transcriptions
683:
682:
679:
675:
674:
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661:
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641:
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637:
629:
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569:
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541:
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523:
520:
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516:
515:
508:
500:
499:
492:
484:
483:
477:
476:
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468:Great Learning
464:
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448:
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95:
94:
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47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6926:
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6922:
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6898:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Social theory
6884:
6882:
6879:
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6859:
6857:
6854:
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6824:
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6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6773:
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6768:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6753:
6752:
6748:
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6723:
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6713:
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6708:
6703:
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6678:
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6642:
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6608:
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6543:
6541:
6540:Radhakrishnan
6538:
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6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:20th and 21st
6299:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
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6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
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6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
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6200:
6198:
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6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6093:18th and 19th
6091:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
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6050:
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6019:
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6011:
6009:
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6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5738:
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5733:
5731:
5728:
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5721:
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5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
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5236:Zhang Dongsun
5234:
5232:
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5219:
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5156:Liang Shuming
5154:
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5139:
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4892:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
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4868:
4865:
4863:
4862:Wang Yangming
4860:
4858:
4855:
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4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Dongfang Shuo
4418:
4416:
4415:Dong Zhongshu
4413:
4411:
4408:
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4405:
4400:
4397:
4395:
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4026:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:Amazon Kindle
3979:
3977:0-231-10984-9
3973:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
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3933:
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3927:9780791437599
3923:
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3909:
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3879:
3875:
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3865:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3835:Korea Journal
3832:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3736:, chapter 53.
3735:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3684:
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3677:
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3654:
3647:
3644:
3641:, p. 268
3640:
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3541:
3534:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3499:Nguyễn Khuyến
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:Lê Thánh Tông
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3439:Bùi Quốc Khái
3437:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:Arai Hakuseki
3398:
3395:
3394:Kaibara Ekken
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:Hayashi Razan
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:Kim Jangsaeng
3277:
3275:) (1536–1584)
3274:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3226:) (1501–1570)
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3188:Kim Chong-jik
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3149:Chŏng Mong-ju
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:Wang Yangming
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:Lê Thánh Tông
2897:
2896:
2891:
2890:Lý Thánh Tông
2882:
2877:
2873:
2872:Lê Thánh Tông
2869:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:Hayashi Razan
2846:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2802:Wang Yangming
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
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2713:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
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2674:
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2660:
2655:
2654:
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2646:
2636:
2634:
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2614:
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2609:
2606:
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2601:
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2585:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:JoongAng Ilbo
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Saenuri Party
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Free Korea 21
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:Saenuri Party
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Liberal Party
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2236:Park Sang-hak
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:Yoon Suk Yeol
2211:
2209:
2208:Suh Chung-won
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Park Geun-hye
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Kim Young-sam
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Lee Myung-bak
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Lee Hoi-chang
2121:
2119:
2118:Lee Beom-seok
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Hwang Kyo-ahn
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Chun Doo-hwan
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:Yoo Seong-min
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:Intellectuals
2046:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Protectionism
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1851:neo-Confucian
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:Paternalistic
1810:
1806:
1805:State-aligned
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:Authoritarian
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Wang Yangming
1578:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Hu-Liu school
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:Hu-Liu school
1341:
1338:
1337:New Confucian
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1309:Wang Yangming
1306:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1268:Chan Buddhism
1264:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1186:Wang Yangming
1184:(1068–1077),
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1008:Sô Min rigaku
1005:
1003:
999:
994:Sō Min rigaku
991:
989:
985:
980:
976:
968:
966:
962:
954:
952:
948:
945:Japanese name
943:
931:
929:
925:
920:
916:
908:
906:
902:
894:
892:
888:
883:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
859:
855:
850:
838:
836:
832:
829:
825:
819:
814:
812:
808:
800:
798:
794:
786:
784:
780:
777:
773:
767:
762:
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584:
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489:Rites of Zhou
486:
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413:Book of Rites
410:
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389:Five Classics
387:
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362:United States
360:
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196:
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189:
188:
181:
178:
176:
175:Dong Zhongshu
173:
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169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:Early history
126:
125:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6789:
6779:
6769:
6759:
6749:
6739:
6729:
6719:
6709:
6699:
6689:
6679:
6669:
6659:
6649:
6639:
6059:Guicciardini
6042:Early modern
5878:Philosophers
5852:Conservatism
5847:Confucianism
5835:Distributism
5768:Social norms
5756:Sittlichkeit
5742:Ressentiment
5688:Institutions
5666:Human nature
5519:Epistemology
5506:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5428:Yin and yang
5420:
5411:Human nature
5403:
5399:Filial piety
5391:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5346:
5339:
5327:
5316:Confucianism
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5246:Zhou Guoping
5241:Zhang Shenfu
5226:Yin Haiguang
5221:Yang Changji
5166:Liu Xiaofeng
5151:Liang Qichao
5036:Carsun Chang
5024:20th century
5010:Zhuang Cunyu
4940:Hong Liangji
4900:Chen Menglei
4895:Chen Hongmou
4877:Zhan Ruoshui
4837:Liu Zongzhou
4807:Hong Zicheng
4802:Huang Zongxi
4708:Fan Zhongyan
4686:Ten Kingdoms
4672:Linji Yixuan
4667:Liu Zongyuan
4256:Gongsun Long
4218:Eastern Zhou
4209:Philosophers
4187:
4183:Mixed School
4168:
4161:
4109:
4105:Han learning
4100:Confucianism
4037:Song dynasty
4023:
4004:. New York:
4001:
4000:Tu Weiming.
3990:
3989:Tu Weiming.
3965:
3949:
3939:. Westport:
3936:
3916:
3907:
3889:
3863:
3843:
3834:
3812:
3798:
3788:. New York:
3785:
3768:
3746:
3741:
3729:
3716:
3691:
3683:
3676:de Bary 1989
3671:
3652:
3646:
3634:
3607:
3595:
3575:, p. 5.
3554:
3548:
3539:
3533:
3433:Lê Văn Thịnh
3345:Kansei Edict
3309:Hong Daeyong
3285:Song Si-yeol
3199:Kim Goil-pil
3155:Chŏng To-jŏn
3110:Cheng Duanli
3036:Lu Xiangshan
3005:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2965:
2955:Han Learning
2948:
2944:Han learning
2913:
2893:
2887:
2868:Quốc Tử Giám
2841:Kansei Edict
2816:
2809:
2806:Ming dynasty
2798:
2794:Song Si-yeol
2763:
2751:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2709:
2705:Yuan dynasty
2682:
2598:Chojoongdong
2553:
2552:
2517:
2406:People Party
2363:
2254:Bareun Party
2231:Ha Tae-keung
2203:Syngman Rhee
2178:Na Kyung-won
2168:Kim Moo-sung
2158:Kim Jong-pil
2138:Kim Chong-in
2128:Lee Jun-seok
2055:Kim Seong-su
1944:Japanophobia
1930:Japanophilia
1888:Confucianism
1883:Asian values
1845:Hongik Ingan
1843:
1780:
1750:Conservatism
1696:
1668:
1656:
1630:
1611:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1564:
1558:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1453:
1441:
1413:
1395:
1352:Liu Zongzhou
1334:
1302:
1294:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1229:
1190:
1170:
1164:
1149:
1098:
1078:Tang dynasty
1066:Confucianism
1059:metaphysical
1046:
1040:
1024:
1023:
1002:Kunrei-shiki
828:Southern Min
703:Hanyu Pinyin
645:Chinese name
525:Organization
510:
503:
494:
487:
466:
459:
450:
443:
427:
418:
411:
402:
395:
316:
290:Taigu school
283:Han Learning
277:
258:
251:
244:
237:
228:
219:
212:
205:
197:
180:Gongsun Hong
112:Confucianism
83:
74:
55:
6846:Historicism
6675:(1835–1840)
6641:De Officiis
6365:de Beauvoir
6335:Baudrillard
6287:Vivekananda
6277:Tocqueville
6192:Kierkegaard
6008:Ibn Khaldun
5978:Alpharabius
5869:Personalism
5778:Stewardship
5735:Reification
5730:Natural law
5651:Familialism
5617:Culturalism
5490:Role ethics
5475:Metaphysics
5251:Zhou Zuoren
5211:Xiong Shili
5196:Tang Chun-i
5191:Sun Yat-sen
5186:Qiu Renzong
5181:Mou Zongsan
5131:Kang Youwei
5076:Feng Youlan
5041:P. C. Chang
5031:Cai Yuanpei
5015:Zeng Guofan
5000:Yu Zhengxie
4930:Gong Zizhen
4925:Feng Guifen
4915:Fang Lanfen
4847:Qian Dehong
4647:Zhang Zhihe
4583:Xiahou Xuan
4523:Bao Jingyan
4366:Zhuang Zhou
3519:(1829–1883)
3513:(1791–1841)
3507:(1847–1896)
3501:(1835–1909)
3495:(1726–1784)
3489:(1491–1585)
3483:(1442–1497)
3477:(1400–1498)
3475:Ngô Sĩ Liên
3471:(1380–1442)
3469:Nguyễn Trãi
3465:(1319–1386)
3459:(1292–1370)
3453:(1274–1354)
3447:(1218–1277)
3441:(1141–1234)
3435:(1050–1096)
3420:(1793–1837)
3414:(1730–1804)
3408:(1666–1728)
3402:(1657–1725)
3390:(1627–1705)
3384:(1622–1685)
3382:Yamaga Sokō
3378:(1619–1691)
3372:(1619–1682)
3366:(1608–1648)
3360:(1583–1657)
3354:(1561–1619)
3329:(1762–1836)
3323:(1750–1815)
3317:(1737–1805)
3311:(1731–1783)
3305:(1682–1751)
3299:(1681–1763)
3293:(1677–1727)
3287:(1607–1689)
3281:(1548–1631)
3265:(1535–1598)
3259:(1534–1599)
3257:Song Ik-pil
3253:(1527–1572)
3251:Ki Daeseung
3232:(1501–1572)
3215:Yi Eon-jeok
3206:(1482–1519)
3204:Jo Gwang-jo
3190:(1431–1492)
3179:(1396–1478)
3163:(1353–1419)
3157:(1342–1398)
3151:(1337–1392)
3145:(1328–1396)
3139:(1263–1342)
3133:(1243–1306)
3112:(1271–1345)
3106:(1130–1200)
3100:(1017–1073)
3094:(1020-1077)
3088:(1133–1180)
3082:(1150–1223)
3076:(1249–1333)
3064:(1037–1101)
3054:(1011–1077)
3048:(1007–1072)
3042:(1139–1193)
3032:(1032–1085)
2936:bureaucrats
2817:During the
2790:Yun Seon-do
2739:Jo Gwang-jo
2724:Yi Song-gye
2699:during the
2497:Munhwa Ilbo
2480:Kukmin Ilbo
2451:Dong-a Ilbo
2439:Chosun Ilbo
2327:(2012–2017)
2198:Roh Tae-woo
2163:Kim Kyu-sik
2153:Kim Jin-pyo
2148:Kim Kyu-sik
2087:Politicians
2060:B. R. Myers
1948:"Old Right"
1915:Familialism
1908:Meritocracy
1839:Traditional
1697:Ōyōmei-gaku
1340:Mou Zongsan
1178: [
1110:metaphysics
885:Korean name
586:Xuanyuanism
475:Other texts
168:Western Han
77:August 2012
69:introducing
6919:Categories
6851:Humanities
6811:Agnotology
6470:Kołakowski
6033:Ibn Tufayl
6013:Maimonides
5957:Thucydides
5952:Tertullian
5907:Lactantius
5802:Volksgeist
5783:Traditions
5597:Convention
5529:Legitimacy
5231:Yu Dunkang
5201:Tang Yijie
5176:Mao Zedong
5161:Lin Yutang
5126:Jin Yuelin
5121:Jiang Qing
5096:He Guanghu
5066:Chu Anping
5051:Chen Duxiu
4980:Wang Fuzhi
4970:Tan Sitong
4965:Pan Pingge
4960:Liu Yiming
4842:Luo Rufang
4763:Zhou Dunyi
4748:Wang Chuyi
4738:Wang Anshi
4718:Lu Jiuyuan
4598:Yan Zhitui
4588:Xie Daoyun
4490:Yang Xiong
4475:Wang Chong
4450:Kong Anguo
4311:Shen Buhai
4306:Shang Yang
4261:Guan Zhong
4231:Chunyu Kun
4152:Naturalism
3899:0231068085
3876:) (Vol. 2
3627:Craig 1998
3573:Huang 1999
3493:Lê Quý Đôn
3457:Chu Văn An
3406:Ogyū Sorai
3388:Itō Jinsai
3364:Nakae Tōju
3339:See also:
3315:Park Jiwon
3303:Han Wonjin
3271:(Pen name
3222:(Pen name
3194:Nam Hyo-on
3183:Kim Suk-ja
3177:Jeong Inji
3122:See also:
3098:Zhou Dunyi
3046:Ouyang Xiu
3040:Lu Jiuyuan
2972:Four Books
2904:Lê dynasty
2858:In Vietnam
2853:Toju Nakae
2502:Segye Ilbo
2183:Oh Se-hoon
2113:Kim Du-han
2070:Yi Munyeol
1992:Korean War
1920:Free trade
1865:Principles
1627:meditation
1624:Chan (Zen)
1305:Lu Jiuyuan
1258:Philosophy
1175:Xining era
1160:Zhou Dunyi
1141:Zhou Dunyi
934:Seongnihak
858:Vietnamese
745:Wade–Giles
437:Four Books
52:references
6891:Sociology
6841:Historism
6550:Santayana
6520:Oakeshott
6490:MacIntyre
6475:Kropotkin
6450:Heidegger
6303:centuries
6217:Nietzsche
6182:Jefferson
6167:Helvétius
6132:Condorcet
6095:centuries
6079:Montaigne
5902:Confucius
5892:Augustine
5809:Worldview
5703:Modernity
5676:Formation
5508:Shan shui
5441:Zhengming
5216:Xu Fuguan
5141:Li Shicen
5116:Ray Huang
5101:Hu Qiaomu
5071:Fang Keli
5061:Ch'ien Mu
5046:Chen Daqi
4975:Tang Zhen
4920:Fang Quan
4832:Liu Bowen
4822:Lai Zhide
4812:Jiao Hong
4797:Chen Jiru
4758:Zhang Zai
4723:Shao Yong
4698:Cheng Hao
4642:Wang Tong
4543:Guo Xiang
4465:Liu Xiang
4445:Jing Fang
4356:Yuan Xian
4336:Ximen Bao
4291:Lie Yukou
4246:Duanmu Ci
4236:Confucius
4122:Huang–Lao
4035:from the
3986:edition).
3734:Mair 2001
3639:Chan 1946
3588:Chan 1963
3525:Citations
3511:Minh Mạng
3321:Park Jega
3263:Seong Hon
3092:Zhang Zai
3086:Zhang Shi
3062:Su Dongpo
3052:Shao Yong
3030:Cheng Hao
2876:Minh Mạng
2456:Channel A
2444:TV Chosun
2397:(present)
2351:(present)
2321:(present)
2225:Activists
2001:Republic
1969:Tradition
1936:New Right
1925:Hierarchy
1822:Religious
1790:Corporate
1681:intuitive
1364:Confucius
1322:Cheng Hao
1217:Confucius
1213:paintings
554:and sects
357:Indonesia
213:Zhengming
142:Confucius
6904:Category
6816:Axiology
6804:See also
6595:Voegelin
6585:Spengler
6560:Shariati
6515:Nussbaum
6500:Maritain
6460:Irigaray
6440:Habermas
6405:Foucault
6390:Durkheim
6292:Voltaire
6257:de Staël
6232:Rousseau
6157:Franklin
6018:Muhammad
6003:Gelasius
5988:Avempace
5971:Medieval
5947:Polybius
5942:Plutarch
5708:Morality
5683:Ideology
5671:Identity
5580:Concepts
5502:Ink wash
5480:Politics
5470:Theology
5329:Ming yun
5305:Jing zuo
5264:Concepts
5146:Li Zehou
5111:Hua Gang
5081:Gan Yang
4990:Yan Yuan
4985:Wei Yuan
4955:Lin Zexu
4935:Gu Yanwu
4910:Fang Bao
4905:Dai Zhen
4867:Wu Cheng
4857:Wang Gen
4728:Shen Kuo
4703:Cheng Yi
4662:Liu Yuxi
4568:Sengzhao
4528:Fan Zhen
4430:Huan Tan
4410:Ban Zhao
4361:Zhang Yi
4351:Yang Zhu
4316:Shen Dao
4226:Bu Shang
4127:Legalism
4095:Buddhism
3868:(Vol. 1
3246:Kim Inhu
3220:Yi Hwang
3172:Kwŏn Kŭn
3161:Kil Chae
3131:An Hyang
3074:Wu Cheng
3026:Cheng Yi
2989:Analects
2928:orthodox
2895:Văn Miếu
2864:Văn Miếu
2829:In Japan
2770:Jeong Gu
2755:Yi Hwang
2743:Yi Hwang
2735:hyanggyo
2697:An Hyang
2364:de facto
1817:Populist
1800:National
1782:Ilminism
1741:a series
1712:In Korea
1685:rational
1683:and not
1637:Japanese
1318:Cheng Yi
1207:symbol (
1201:yin yang
1105:Buddhism
965:Hiragana
797:Jyutping
717:Bopomofo
593:Shengdao
445:Analects
329:New Text
324:Old Text
104:a series
102:Part of
6645:(44 BC)
6575:Sombart
6570:Skinner
6555:Scruton
6535:Polanyi
6510:Niebuhr
6495:Marcuse
6430:Gramsci
6425:Gentile
6385:Du Bois
6375:Deleuze
6345:Benoist
6315:Agamben
6272:Thoreau
6262:Stirner
6252:Spencer
6202:Le Play
6152:Fourier
6137:Emerson
6122:Carlyle
6107:Bentham
6084:Müntzer
6054:Erasmus
6028:Plethon
6023:Photios
5983:Aquinas
5917:Mencius
5885:Ancient
5818:Schools
5698:Loyalty
5656:History
5644:Counter
5639:Culture
5607:Customs
5514:Society
5291:Jian'ai
5106:Hu Shih
5091:Gu Zhun
4950:Ma Qixi
4852:Wang Ji
4817:Jiao Yu
4733:Su Song
4713:Hu Hong
4603:Zhi Dun
4593:Xun Can
4578:Wang Bi
4573:Wang Su
4563:Ji Kang
4558:Huiyuan
4548:Fu Xuan
4538:Ge Hong
4485:Xun Yue
4480:Wang Fu
4470:Ma Rong
4440:Jia Kui
4381:Zou Yan
4341:Xu Xing
4326:Sun Tzu
4296:Mencius
4271:Hui Shi
4266:Han Fei
4241:Deng Xi
4178:Yangism
4170:Xuanxue
4137:Marxism
4083:Schools
4008:, 1985.
3997:, 1976.
3792:, 1963.
3463:Lê Quát
3426:Vietnam
3241:Yi Hang
3167:Ha Ryun
3143:Yi Saek
2995:Mencius
2918:by the
2786:Yun Hyu
2782:Heo Mok
2733:and 향교
2716:Yanjing
2593:Chaebol
2560:Hanahoe
2554:Defunct
1981:History
1903:Elitism
1770:Schools
1658:zuòchán
1645:Chinese
1632:zuochan
1613:jìngzuò
1600:Chinese
1595:jingzuo
1547:Chinese
1528:Mencius
1502:Chinese
1484:Chinese
1460:Chinese
1430:Chinese
1402:Chinese
1348:Hu Hong
1291:Schools
1244:Vietnam
1225:Lao Tzu
1209:Taijitu
1197:I Ching
1125:Origins
1055:ethical
1029:Chinese
971:そうみんりがく
872:Chữ Hán
452:Mencius
272:Schools
206:Ganying
156:Mencius
65:improve
6836:Ethics
6795:(2010)
6785:(1991)
6775:(1990)
6765:(1987)
6755:(1987)
6745:(1979)
6735:(1976)
6725:(1967)
6715:(1964)
6705:(1949)
6695:(1935)
6685:(1930)
6665:(1756)
6655:(1486)
6600:Walzer
6590:Taylor
6580:Sowell
6565:Simmel
6530:Pareto
6525:Ortega
6435:Guénon
6420:Gehlen
6415:Gandhi
6370:Debord
6355:Butler
6350:Berlin
6340:Bauman
6330:Badiou
6320:Arendt
6310:Adorno
6242:Ruskin
6197:Le Bon
6172:Herder
6147:Fichte
6142:Engels
6112:Bonald
6102:Arnold
6074:Milton
6069:Luther
6049:Calvin
5927:Origen
5897:Cicero
5857:Social
5793:Family
5788:Values
5749:Rights
5713:Public
5661:Honour
5592:Anomie
5587:Agency
5485:Ethics
5458:Topics
5393:Wu wei
5171:Lu Xun
4995:Yu Yue
4945:Ji Yun
4827:Li Zhi
4768:Zhu Xi
4753:Ye Shi
4652:Han Yu
4637:Jizang
4553:He Yan
4533:Fan Ye
4460:Lu Jia
4455:Liu An
4435:Jia Yi
4425:Dou Wu
4371:Zichan
4321:Su Qin
4281:Li Kui
4163:Daoxue
4157:Taoism
4132:Mohism
3974:
3924:
3896:
3880:
3872:
3851:
3819:
3775:
3704:
3659:
3517:Tự Đức
3291:Yi Gan
3273:Yulgok
3230:Jo Sik
3224:Toegye
3137:U T'ak
3104:Zhu Xi
3080:Ye Shi
3058:Su Shi
2986:, the
2980:, the
2968:Zhu Xi
2874:, and
2851:, and
2730:seowon
2712:Zhu Xi
2693:Zhu Xi
2685:Joseon
2518:Active
2143:Kim Gu
2015:Fourth
1834:Social
1795:Fiscal
1693:Shinto
1655::
1653:pinyin
1647::
1610::
1608:pinyin
1602::
1557::
1555:pinyin
1549::
1512::
1510:pinyin
1504::
1494::
1492:pinyin
1486::
1470::
1468:pinyin
1462::
1440::
1438:pinyin
1432::
1412::
1410:pinyin
1404::
1370:, the
1368:Mengzi
1326:Zhu Xi
1324:, and
1250:, and
1236:relics
1232:Han Yu
1223:, and
1221:Buddha
1193:Taoist
1167:Zhu Xi
1152:Han Yu
1101:Taoism
1090:Zhu Xi
1070:Han Yu
1057:, and
1039::
1037:pinyin
1031::
891:Hangul
864:Lý học
835:Tâi-lô
382:Ruzang
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