395:. The anomalous lack of convergence in the central section is caused by the subduction of the d'Entrecasteaux Ridge. The progressive subduction/collision of the NW–SE trending Loyalty Ridge located on the Australian plate under the southern Vanuatu microplates produces much earthquake activity but the most southernmost part of the trench south of latitude 22.5° S and east of longitude 170° E is not as highly tectonically active It has been suggested that the current northern subduction to the south of the bend to the east in the trench should be considered as a separate subduction zone, called the Matthew and Hunter subduction system or subduction zone given its immature current volcanic arc and other characteristics. It translates into the non subducting
1165:
222:
23:
194:
24:
419:
The area of the southern part of the subduction zone between the latitudes 21.5 and 22.5° S and the longitudes 169 and 170° E is very active. There have been multiple earthquakes including swarms of magnitude Mw 7.0+ during recent decades impacting on New
Caledonia and Vanuatu. The strain
386:
continental margin. The convergence rate in the subduction zone ranges from 120 mm (4.7 in)/yr in the south, to 40 mm (1.6 in)/yr in the central section, to the high rate of 170 mm (6.7 in)/yr in the north at about latitude 11°S in the
420:
accumulation is regularly partially released through moderate to strong earthquakes during sequences which have included both interplate thrust faulting earthquakes and outer rise normal faulting earthquakes west and south-west of the trench.
1282:
204:
Geographical and geological relationships of the New
Hebrides Trench in the central and southern Vanuatu subduction zone. Subduction is towards the north east and this map does not show the North New Hebrides (Torres) Trench.
844:
The region could trigger tsunamis with a main propagation axis striking from WSW–ENE (putting New
Caledonia and south Vanuatu most at risk) to S–N (putting northern New Zealand and Vanuatu most at risk). The 5 December 2018
1283:"Worldwide distribution and depth limits of decapod crustaceans (Penaeoidea, Oplophoroidea) across the abyssal-hadal transition zone of eleven subduction trenches and five additional deep-sea features"
288:
The trench was first described in 1962 by the U.S. research vessel "Spencer F. Baird", in the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Proa Expedition and was explored in more detail in 2013 by the
857:
The trench seawater has a temperature of about 2 °C (36 °F) from 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) depth. Fish species known include those from the genus
1195:
Ioualalen, Mansour (May 2017). "Investigating the March 28th 1875 and the
September 20th 1920 earthquakes/tsunamis of the Southern Vanuatu arc, offshore Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia".
1321:"Potential tsunami hazard of the southern Vanuatu subduction zone: tectonics, case study of the Matthew Island tsunami of 10 February 2021 and implication in regional hazard assessment"
461:
1397:"Bait attending fishes of the abyssal zone and hadal boundary: Community structure, functional groups and species distribution in the Kermadec, New Hebrides and Mariana trenches"
923:
are absent from the northern New
Hebrides Trench. This is believed to be because the ecosystem characteristics allow the low-energy ophidiid to dominate. Amongst crustaceans,
366:. The North New Hebrides Trench (Torres Trench) that extends to the west of the Solomon Islands is a separate marine feature to the southern New Hebrides Trench due to the
1530:
1594:
201:
1356:"Magmagenesis within the Hunter Ridge Rift Zone resolved from olivine-hosted melt inclusions and geochemical modelling with insights from geodynamic models"
382:(previously called the New Hebrides subduction zone) towards the east where the trench has a north-south orientation. The trench is to the northeast of the
1396:
431:(Matthew Island earthquake) was much stronger than the usual seismicity on the southernmost aspects of the trench. The epicenter was close to
1584:
849: 7.5 normal faulting earthquake generated a tsunami of more than 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in southern New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
407:
propagated southward and has now intersected with the New
Hebrides Trench and the Hunter Fracture Zone to form a triple junction with the
1438:
McCarthy, A; Falloon, TJ; Danyushevsky, LV; Sauermilch, I; Patriat, M; Jean, MM; Maas, R; Woodhead, JD; Yogodzinski, GM (15 July 2022).
1574:
1579:
1569:
432:
296:, prawns, and other eels, and crustaceans. This is significantly different from other deep sea trenches that have been studied.
737:
715:
428:
457:
1483:
Patriat, M; Falloon, T; Danyushevsky, L; Collot, J; Jean, MM; Hoernle, K; Hauff, F; Maas, R; Woodhead, JD; Feig, ST (2019).
338:
877:
825:
307:
378:
At the New
Hebrides Trench, the Australian plate is being subducted underneath the New Hebrides microplate in the
1599:
1589:
969:
821:
795:
772:
750:
693:
480:
448:
181:
367:
76:
943:
937:
379:
1395:
Linley, T; Stewart, AL; McMillan, PJ; Clark, MR; Gerringer, ME; Drazen, JC; Fujii, T; Jamieson, AJ (2017).
1320:
963:
953:
1440:"Implications of high-Mg# adakitic magmatism at Hunter Ridge for arc magmatism of the Fiji-Vanuatu region"
289:
242:
193:
157:
1499:
1451:
1408:
1367:
1332:
1204:
396:
98:
1485:"Subduction initiation terranes exposed at the front of a 2 Ma volcanically-active subduction zone"
1515:
1383:
278:
111:
1005:
435:, and was both preceded and followed by a seismic crisis of multiple events with greater than M
1426:
901:
867:
408:
1507:
1503:
1469:
1459:
1455:
1416:
1375:
1340:
1294:
1212:
404:
274:
262:
144:
122:
63:
221:
1029:
916:
388:
270:
266:
250:
1484:
1412:
1371:
1336:
1208:
1033:
907:
799:
392:
238:
1563:
1519:
1355:
1319:
Roger, J; Pelletier, B; Gusman, A; Power, W; Wang, X; Burbidge, D; Duphil, M (2023).
932:
928:
872:
400:
246:
170:
45:
1387:
958:
216:
Approximate surface projection on
Pacific Ocean of New Hebrides Trench (dark blue).
135:
1379:
1216:
920:
1511:
1474:
1464:
1439:
1421:
1345:
948:
895:
883:
1545:
1532:
1430:
1299:
353:
340:
322:
309:
924:
912:
889:
858:
383:
293:
282:
258:
206:
54:
1166:"Map of Magnitude 7.5+ along the New Hebrides Trench and Surrounding Areas"
1113:, The Matthew and Hunter area: a recently discovered infant subduction zone
403:. From 3 million years ago the southernmost Central Spreading Ridge of the
989:
254:
38:
370:, even though they are tectonically part of the same subduction zone.
1122:
919:. For some reason, although well known in surrounding nearby waters,
1281:
Swan, Ja; Jamieson, AJ; Linley, TD; Yancey, PH (4 February 2021).
220:
1110:
31:
304:
The southern New
Hebrides Trench is defined as extending from
225:
Map of the New Hebrides Trench and surrounding tectonic plates
1137:
1354:
Durance, PM; Jadamec, MA; Falloon, TJ; Nicholls, IA (2012).
1268:
1253:
1241:
1016:
1229:
1152:
1098:
1086:
1034:"New Hebrides trench: First look at unexplored deep sea"
1401:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
462:
list of earthquakes in the Solomon Islands archipelago
443:
Major earthquakes associated with the subduction zone
1244:, Section:3.1. Environmental characteristics, Fig. 2
447:
The table below shows only earthquakes greater than
241:
which is over 7.1 km (4.4 mi) deep in the
1125:, 2.1. The Vanuatu – Hunter Ridge subduction system
456:7.5 or significant earthquakes that are not in the
1271:, 4.1. Macrourid or ophidiid dominated communities
1133:
1131:
1190:
1188:
1186:
775:fore-shock by 8 hours to the March 31 earthquake
1264:
1262:
1148:
1146:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
8:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
16:Oceanic trench in the southern Pacific Ocean
1006:Marine Gazetteer:South New Hebrides Trench
192:
1473:
1463:
1420:
1344:
1325:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
1298:
481:
449:
269:. The trench was formed as a result of a
466:
285:which produced the Vanuatu archipelago.
982:
798:279 km (173 mi) southeast of
865:at 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) depth),
1595:Oceanic trenches of the Pacific Ocean
7:
1360:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
1001:
999:
997:
1492:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1444:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1089:, Section:2 Seismotectonic context
824:339 km (211 mi) east of
14:
1256:, 3.2. Species diversity, Table 1
915:family and members of the family
927:including members of the family
582:Southern Vanuata Subduction Zone
22:
738:2021 Loyalty Islands earthquake
716:2013 Solomon Islands earthquake
642:Central Vanuata Subduction Zone
429:2021 Loyalty Islands earthquake
458:list of earthquakes in Vanuatu
399:which is a transform faulting
245:. It lies to the northeast of
1:
1287:Journal of Crustacean Biology
878:Synaphobranchus brevidorsalis
292:'s Oceanlab team. They found
277:is being subducted under the
80: Ridge
1585:Geology of the Pacific Ocean
1380:10.1080/08120099.2012.682096
740:(Matthew Island earthquake)
104: Zone
1217:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.006
233:(perhaps better termed the
113: Lau
1616:
1512:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.011
1465:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117592
1232:, Section:1.1 Generalities
1019:, Section:2.1. Study sites
464:for geographical reasons.
1575:Seismic faults of Oceania
1422:10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.009
1346:10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023
970:Heterogenys microphthalma
235:South New Hebrides Trench
1580:Geology of New Caledonia
1570:Seismic zones of Oceania
1546:21.418047°S 170.064013°E
694:2009 Vanuatu earthquakes
1504:2019E&PSL.508...30P
1456:2022E&PSL.59017592M
380:Vanuatu subduction zone
1551:-21.418047; 170.064013
1300:10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa102
944:Benthesicymus howensis
938:Benthesicymus crenatus
931:, prawns of the genus
290:University of Aberdeen
253:, to the southwest of
243:Southern Pacific Ocean
226:
159: Cook
964:Acanthephyra tenuipes
954:Cerataspis monstrosus
726:Lata, Solomon Islands
682:Lata, Solomon Islands
662:Lata, Solomon Islands
522:Tadine, New Caledonia
415:Associated seismicity
368:d'Entrecasteaux Ridge
224:
209:is outlined in black.
1155:, 3.1 The earthquake
1123:McCarthy et al. 2022
905:multiple species of
397:Hunter Fracture Zone
391:region north of the
354:23.1333°S 174.1667°E
1542: /
1475:20.500.11850/553552
1413:2017DSRI..121...38L
1372:2012AuJES..59..913D
1337:2023NHESS..23..393R
1209:2017Tectp.709...20I
1138:Durance et al. 2012
1111:Patriat et al. 2019
350: /
319: /
231:New Hebrides Trench
1269:Linley et al. 2017
1254:Linley et al. 2017
1242:Linley et al. 2017
1101:, Section:Abstract
1017:Linley et al. 2017
863:Pachycara moelleri
602:Port-Vila, Vanuatu
557:September 20, 1920
359:-23.1333; 174.1667
323:17.75°S 167.3333°E
279:New Hebrides Plate
227:
100: Hunter
91: Trench
1230:Roger et al. 2023
1153:Roger et al. 2023
1099:Roger et al. 2023
1087:Roger et al. 2023
911:, members of the
902:Antimora rostrata
868:Ilyophis robinsae
837:
836:
749:Southeast of the
744:February 10, 2021
657:December 31, 1966
617:December 17, 1957
409:Conway Reef Plate
150: Plain
115: Ridge
1607:
1600:Subduction zones
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1434:
1424:
1391:
1350:
1348:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1032:(3 March 2014).
1030:Morelle, Rebecca
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1003:
992:
987:
721:February 6, 2013
597:December 2, 1950
562:Isangel, Vanuatu
542:Isangel, Vanuatu
486:
467:
454:
405:North Fiji Basin
365:
364:
362:
361:
360:
355:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
334:
333:
331:
330:
329:
328:-17.75; 167.3333
324:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
275:Australian Plate
263:Papua New Guinea
196:
188:
186:
177:
175:
166:
164:
163: zone
153:
151:
140:
138:
131:
129:
126: Fiji
118:
116:
107:
105:
94:
92:
83:
81:
72:
70:
59:
57:
50:
41:
34:
26:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1590:Loyalty Islands
1560:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1487:
1482:
1437:
1394:
1353:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1004:
995:
988:
984:
979:
917:Alepocephalidae
873:Synaphobranchid
855:
848:
842:
833:
828:
822:Loyalty Islands
817:
807:
802:
796:Loyalty Islands
791:
781:
776:
773:Loyalty Islands
768:
758:
753:
751:Loyalty Islands
745:
732:
727:
722:
710:
705:
700:
699:October 7, 2009
688:
683:
678:
668:
663:
658:
648:
643:
638:
637:August 11, 1965
628:
623:
618:
608:
603:
598:
588:
583:
578:
577:August 25, 1926
568:
563:
558:
548:
543:
538:
528:
523:
518:
508:
503:
502:Loyalty Islands
498:
485:
453:
445:
438:
426:
417:
376:
358:
356:
352:
349:
344:
341:
339:
337:
336:
327:
325:
321:
318:
313:
310:
308:
306:
305:
302:
271:subduction zone
267:Solomon Islands
261:, and south of
251:Loyalty Islands
219:
218:
217:
212:
211:
210:
203:
198:
197:
190:
189:
184:
182:
180:
178:
173:
171:
169:
167:
162:
160:
158:
156:
154:
149:
147:
145:
143:
141:
136:
134:
132:
127:
125:
123:
121:
119:
114:
112:
110:
108:
103:
101:
99:
97:
95:
90:
88:
86:
84:
79:
78:d'Entrecasteaux
77:
75:
73:
68:
66:
64:
62:
60:
55:
53:
51:
47:
44:
42:
37:
35:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1525:
1524:
1480:
1435:
1392:
1351:
1331:(2): 393–414.
1315:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1273:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1197:Tectonophysics
1182:
1157:
1142:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1050:
1021:
1009:
993:
990:GEBCO:Hebrides
981:
980:
978:
975:
973:) were found.
908:Coryphaenoides
854:
851:
846:
841:
838:
835:
834:
831:
829:
820:
818:
815:
813:
809:
808:
805:
803:
794:
792:
790:March 31, 2022
789:
787:
783:
782:
779:
777:
771:
769:
767:March 30, 2022
766:
764:
760:
759:
756:
754:
748:
746:
743:
741:
734:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
712:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
690:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
670:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
650:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
610:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
570:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
550:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
517:August 9, 1901
516:
514:
510:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
497:March 28, 1875
496:
494:
490:
489:
483:
477:
474:
471:
451:
444:
441:
436:
433:Matthew Island
424:
416:
413:
389:Solomon Island
375:
372:
301:
298:
239:oceanic trench
215:
214:
213:
200:
199:
191:
179:
168:
155:
142:
133:
120:
109:
96:
85:
74:
61:
52:
43:
36:
29:
28:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:(6): 913–31.
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
991:
986:
983:
976:
974:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
956:
955:
950:
946:
945:
940:
939:
934:
933:Benthesicymus
930:
929:Lysianassidae
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
852:
850:
839:
830:
827:
826:Isle of Pines
823:
819:
814:
811:
810:
804:
801:
797:
793:
788:
785:
784:
778:
774:
770:
765:
762:
761:
755:
752:
747:
742:
739:
736:
735:
729:
724:
719:
717:
714:
713:
707:
704:Sola, Vanuatu
702:
697:
695:
692:
691:
685:
680:
677:July 17, 1980
675:
672:
671:
665:
660:
655:
652:
651:
645:
640:
635:
632:
631:
625:
622:Sola, Vanuatu
620:
615:
612:
611:
605:
600:
595:
592:
591:
585:
580:
575:
572:
571:
565:
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537:June 16, 1910
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816:May 19, 2023
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137:Hunter Ridge
89:New Hebrides
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1537:170°03′50″E
800:Maré Island
479:Magnitude (
439: 5.0
427: 7.7
357: /
345:174°10′00″E
326: /
314:167°20′00″E
174: Ridge
1564:Categories
1534:21°25′05″S
1450:(117592).
1175:25 January
1043:25 January
977:References
949:Aristeidae
921:Macrourids
896:Bassozetus
884:Hydrolagus
342:23°08′00″S
311:17°45′00″S
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1431:0967-0637
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925:amphipods
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890:Bathyraja
871:or large
859:Pachycara
476:Location
384:Zealandia
374:Tectonics
300:Geography
294:cusk-eels
283:volcanism
259:Australia
207:Zealandia
56:Zealandia
48:Caledonia
1388:67848457
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470:Article
281:causing
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1500:Bibcode
1452:Bibcode
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1333:Bibcode
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961:shimp (
853:Ecology
507:8.1-8.2
255:Vanuatu
183:Loyalty
172:Norfolk
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146:Minerva
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69:Basin
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