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was a popular stand, and by the end of the year nearly 40 towns and boroughs had declared themselves nuclear free. In
February 1985, the Lange Government rejected the arrival of the USS Buchanan ship. The Reagan Administration retaliated by taking strong punitive action against New Zealand. They terminated intelligence flows and military ties with New Zealand. Despite this, the Lange government remained committed to their anti-nuclear policy. David Lange stated that if the security alliance was the price New Zealand must pay to remain nuclear-free, ‘it is the price we are prepared to pay’. The Labour Government’s asserted New Zealand’s independence and passed the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987.
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sweeping to power with their strong anti-nuclear policies. Many supporters of the Labour
Government asserted that the party had been elected to make New Zealand nuclear free. They promised to declare New Zealand nuclear free and work actively for a nuclear weapons free zone in the South Pacific. This
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In 2000, the New
Zealand Nuclear Free Zone Extension Bill was introduced into Parliament with the aim of extending the New Zealand nuclear free zone from 12 miles to 200 miles and to prohibit the transit of high level nuclear waste, nuclear weapons and nuclear powered ships through that extended
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observed, the enactment of the New
Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 was “a signal statement of New Zealand’s determination to stand up for a principle in which its people believe”. The significance of the Act lies in its affirmation that New Zealand exists as an
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consisting of all New
Zealand territory (including ocean territory and airspace) and bans nuclear powered ships from entering into New Zealand waters. It also prohibits the acquisition, stationing and testing of nuclear explosive devices. Immunity from the law was granted to ships and aircraft
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In 2006, a survey was carried out of all political parties represented in New
Zealand Parliament asking for their positions on the Act. The findings showed near universal support for the Act. The National Party pledged it will retain the legislation unchanged should it become the government.
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The Act established the Public
Advisory Committee for Disarmament and Arms Control (PACDAC). PACDAC is a committee of nine experts that advise the Government on disarmament and arms control. The Act also created a separate ministerial portfolio of Arms Control and Disarmament.
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An Act to establish in New
Zealand a Nuclear Free Zone, to promote and encourage an active and effective contribution by New Zealand to the essential process of disarmament and international arms control, and to implement in New Zealand the following treaties:
68:(d) The Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-bed and the Ocean floor and in the Subsoil Thereof of 11 February 1971 (the text of which is set out in Schedule 4 to this Act):
71:(e) The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction of 10 April 1972 (the text of which is set out in Schedule 5 to this Act):
212:'s leadership, as the National Government had a majority of only one person in Parliament. Muldoon announced on 14 June 1984 that he would call a snap election. The question of nuclear ship visits became central to the 1984 election.
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on 10 July 1985. Maire
Leadbeater observed that New Zealand’s nuclear free policy and the resulting legislation demonstrated “how ordinary people created a movement that changed New Zealand’s foreign policy and identity as a nation”.
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and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The Act was recognised as being a leader amongst peace and disarmament initiatives and for having fundamentally changed New
Zealand’s culture, role and identity on the world stage.
124:. The purpose of the Act was ambitious and wide-ranging: “to establish in New Zealand a Nuclear Free Zone, to promote and encourage an active and effective contribution by New Zealand to the essential process of
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Anti-nuclear public opinion played a huge role in setting the stage for this Act. In the years leading up to the Act, strong anti-nuclear opinions were mounting. Visits to New Zealand by
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64:(b) The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water of 5 August 1963 (the text of which is set out in Schedule 2 to this Act):
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independent and proud democracy concerned about the future of the planet. The Act has given New Zealand a significant voice in the international community.
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Palmer QC, Sir Geoffrey, The Significance of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 (September 2017). (2017) NZLJ 295.
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navy ships caused publicity and protest. Anti-nuclear opinion was exacerbated with the sinking of the Greenpeace protest ship the
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In addition to legislating for a national nuclear-free zone, the Act implemented four international treaties. These included the
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62:(a) The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty of 6 August 1985 (the text of which is set out in Schedule 1 to this Act):
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exercising the right of innocent passage and/or the right of transit passage, as well as ships and aircraft in distress.
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introduced the Nuclear Free New Zealand Bill, which called for the exclusion of nuclear powered ships from New Zealand.
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Grant Hewison (2014) New Zealand’s Nuclear Free Zone Extension Bill, Maritime Studies, 2001:119, 17-24
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The Act established the legal framework for New Zealand's anti-nuclear policy. The Act sets out the
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The New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 was the result of the
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Kevin Clements, Back from the Brink: The Creation of a Nuclear-Free New Zealand, 1989
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Maire Leadbeater, How New Zealand Became Nuclear Free, Otago University Press, 2013
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zone. However, this was rejected by Parliament in the second reading stage.
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and vote for Prebble's anti-nuclear bill. This challenged Prime Minister
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Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration § New Zealand
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Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand)
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390:"Rainbow Warrior Bombing - NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
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New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act
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New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act
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Nuclear Free New Zealand: Twenty Years On. White Paper No. 15
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Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and.
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192:’s victory in the 1984 election. On 12 June 1984,
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120:. The Act essentially declared New Zealand as a
16:1987 law making New Zealand a nuclear-free zone
268:ANZUS § New Zealand bans nuclear material
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262:See also
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228:As Sir
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