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today's media. The use of
Twitter, Facebook, etc. has made it easier for false or misleading articles to be seen. The amount of misleading news articles that are produced are causing audiences to believe that every piece of information on the internet is true. A major problem is the issue of unbiased articles showing up in a timeline next to fake articles. This makes it hard for others to determine between what is fact and what is opinion. Specifically, the media coverage during the 2016 United States presidential election saw numerous misleading articles for both candidates.
133:
1505:, in spreading information about the attacks, observing that Internet coverage was often ahead of more traditional media sources. In response, traditional media outlets included such coverage in their reports. However, several outlets were criticized as they did not check for the reliability and verifiability of the information. Some public opinion research companies have found that a majority or plurality of people in various countries distrust the news media.
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856:" structure of news was developed. Through the latter half of the 1800s, politics played a role in what newspapers published. By the end of the century, modern aspects of newspapers, such as banner headlines, extensive use of illustrations, "funny pages", and expanded coverage of organized sporting events, began to appear. Also, media consolidation began with many independent newspapers becoming part of "chains".
1307:
36:
1270:. The headline of the story is decided by the news desk, and practically never by the reporter or the writer of the piece. Often, the news desk also heavily re-writes or changes the style and tone of the first draft prepared by the reporter / writer originally. Finally, a collection of stories that have been picked for the newspaper or magazine
848:. Zenger was found not guilty, largely in part to his attorney Andrew Hamilton, who later wrote a paper in which he argued that newspapers should be free to criticize the government as long as it was true. Later, with the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791, freedom of the press would be guaranteed by the First Amendment.
871:
Television news continued to expand during the 1970s, and by 1990, more than half of
American homes had cable systems and nationally oriented newspapers expanded their reach. With technological advancements in the newsroom, notably the Internet, a new emphasis on computer-assisted reporting and a new
1221:
are written by staff members, through information collected and submitted by other reporters who are out on the field gathering information for an event that has just occurred and needs to be broadcast instantly. Radio and television reporters often compose stories and report "live" from the scene.
816:
Some of the first news circulations occurred in
Renaissance Europe. These handwritten newsletters contained news about wars, economic conditions, and social customs and were circulated among merchants. The first printed news appeared by the late 1400s in German pamphlets that contained content that
903:
in the sixteenth century and which, from the eighteenth century, was used to print newspapers, then the only existing journalistic vehicles. From the middle of the 20th century onwards, newspapers also began to be broadcast (radio news and television news). The advent of the World Wide Web brought
867:
With the introduction of the television came The
Communications Act of 1934. It was an agreement between commercial television and the people of the United States that established that: The airways are public property; Commercial broadcasters are licensed to use the airways; The main condition for
859:
The early 1900s saw
Progressive Era journalists using a new style of investigative journalism that revealed the corrupt practices of government officials. These exposing articles became featured in many newspapers and magazines. The people who wrote them became labeled as "muckrakers". They became
1519:
Fake news articles are untruthful-on-purpose stories. They have the purpose of misleading the reader to think one way. With the rise of new media through social media, there has been an increase in fake news. This increase in fake news has progressed over time and continues to show, especially in
1079:
The AVO, or Anchor Voice Over, is the short form of news. The story is written in a gist. According to the script visual is edited. The anchor reads the news while the visual is broadcast simultaneously. Generally, the duration of an AVO is 30 to 40 seconds. The script is three to four lines. At
863:
During the 1920s, radio became a news medium, and was a significant source of breaking news. Although, during World War I, radio broadcasts in
America were only given information about Allied victories because Great Britain had a monopoly on the transatlantic radio lines. For the newspapers, the
1454:
By covering news, politics, weather, sports, entertainment, and vital events, the daily media shape the dominant cultural, social and political picture of society. Beyond the media networks, independent news sources have evolved to report on events which escape attention or underlie the major
851:
In the 1830s, newspapers started seeking commercial success and turned toward reportage. This began with the New York Sun in 1833. Advancements in technology made it cheaper to print newspapers and "penny papers" emerged. These issues sought out local news and coverage of society. Later,
821:
published in London in 1621. Several papers followed in the 1640s and 1650s. In 1690, the first
American newspaper was published by Richard Pierce and Benjamin Harris in Boston. However, it did not have permission from the government to be published and was immediately suppressed.
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use will be whether the broadcaster served "the public interest, convenience, and necessity." During the
Vietnam War, the media reporting directly challenged the government, drawing attention to the "credibility gap" — official lies and half-truths about the war.
884:(plural "media") is a carrier of something. Common things carried by media include information, art, or physical objects. A medium may provide transmission or storage of information or both. The industries which produce news and entertainment content for the
1334:, is a usually weekly magazine featuring articles on current events. News magazines generally go more in-depth into stories than newspapers, trying to give the reader an understanding of the context surrounding important events, rather than just the facts.
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As technology improved, newsreels began to incorporate sound and color, making them even more engaging for audiences. However, with the rise of television news, the popularity of newsreels began to decline, and they were eventually phased out altogether.
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News films ("clips") can vary in length; there are some which may be as long as ten minutes, others that need to fit in all the relevant information and material in two or three minutes. News channels these days have also begun to host special
1462:
A growing phenomenon, the blogosphere can report news overlooked by the press and TV networks. Due to the rise of social media involvement in news, the most common news value has become entertainment in recent years. Apropos of this was
860:
very influential and were a vital force in the
Progressive reform movement. However, after 1912 muckraking declined. The public began to think the exposés were sensationalized, but they did make a great impact on future policies.
895:"Press" is the collective designation of media vehicles that carry out journalism and other functions of informative communication, in contrast to pure propaganda or entertainment communication. The term press comes from the
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for the piece that is published; his or her name appears alongside the article. This process takes place according to the frequency of the publication. News can be published in a variety of formats (
932:(programs) to a number of recipients ("listeners" or "viewers") that belong to a large group. This group may be the public in general, or a relatively large audience within the public. Thus, an
1480:, published June 1, 2006. By June 8, there had been no mainstream coverage of the documented allegations by President John F. Kennedy's nephew. On June 9, this sub-story was covered by a
1041:
In a broadcast system (television), journalists or reporters are also involved with editing the video material that has been shot alongside their research, and in working on the visual
1075:
The desk persons categorise news stories with various formats according to the merit of the story. Such formats include AVO, AVO Byte, Pkg, VO SOT, VOX POP, and Ancho Visual.
904:
with it online newspapers, which then expanded to include online news videos and online streaming news in the 2010s. The use of the term "press", however, was maintained.
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or camera person. In the second phase, they organize the material, determine the focus or emphasis (identify the peg), and finally write their stories. The story is then
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Some journalists also interpret the news or offer opinions and analysis to readers, viewers, or listeners. In this role, they are called commentators or columnists.
1821:
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759:
892:"). In the late 20th century it became commonplace for this usage to be construed as singular ("The media is...") rather than as the traditional plural.
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The Pkg has three parts: Anchor, Voice Over, and Sign Off. At first a Script is written. A voice over anchor reads the anchor or anchor intro part.
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Media
Integrity Matters: Reclaiming Public Service Values in Media and Journalism: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia
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The AVO Byte has two parts: An AVO, and one or more bytes. This is the same as an AVO, except that as soon as the AVO ends, the Byte is aired.
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first the anchor starts to read the news, and, after reading one or one-and-a-half lines, the visual is aired, overlapping the face of anchor.
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blending of media forms emerged, with one reporter preparing the same story in print, online, and on camera for a newspaper's cable station.
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began writing a new form of newspaper that was more satirical and more involved in civic affairs than previously seen. In 1735,
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present this as news, either videotaped or live, through transmissions from on-the-scene reporters (news correspondents).
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of the story. Broadcast journalists often make an appearance in the news story at the beginning or end of the video clip.
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common in the first half of the 20th century, that regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed
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report news occurring in the main, locally, from their own country, or from foreign cities where they are stationed.
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Karen Dawisha, Bruce Parrott - 1997, Politics, Power and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe p 164
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has taken reporting a step further, mining down to the experiences and perceptions of individual citizens.
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that stretch for much longer durations and are able to explore a news subject or issue in greater detail.
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news-gathering became a central function of newspapers. With the invention of the telegraph in 1845, the "
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and periodical publications) as well as periods (daily, weekly, semi-weekly, fortnightly or monthly).
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in August 2004 following the announcement of evidence of a terrorist threat to it and to buildings in
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take notes and also take photographs or shoot videos, either on their own, by citizens or through a
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has allowed the formal and informal publication of news stories through mainstream media outlets,
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1154:. Newspapers increasingly use photographs to illustrate stories; they also often include
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are often called "the media" (in much the same way the newspaper industry is called "the
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information or write their stories electronically from remote locations. In many cases,
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Bill German, editor emeritus and Page One editor Jack Breibart in the newsroom of the
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by news or copy-editors (U.S. style) or sub-editors in Europe, who function from the
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1822:"Hook, Line, and Sinker: Media Disruptors That Will Influence the Industry in 2017"
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until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role.
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1647:"NOW with Bill Moyers. Politics & Economy. Milestones in Media and Politics"
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has approved the content, style and language in the material, it is sent for
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government suppressed any radical or German papers during and after the war.
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was often highly sensationalized. The first newspaper written in English was
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The concept was devised particularly for the media systems in the region of
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Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or
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may broadcast several programs at the same time, through several channels (
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within the media system, economy of influence, conflicting dependence and
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Media integrity refers to the ability of a news media outlet to serve the
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in 1908, this form of film was a staple of the typical North American,
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Frank Newport - 2012, The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 2011 - Page 335
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South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM)
1544:. Media integrity encompasses following qualities of a media outlet:
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Commonwealth countries (especially Canada, Australia and New Zealand)
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1846:. Vol. 428, no. 9108. 8 September 2018. pp. 14, 16.
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Public Interest in News Topics Beyond Control of Mainstream Media
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system in (for example) a workplace may broadcast very limited
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General-interest newspapers are usually journals of current
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was accused of seditious libel by the governor of New York,
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Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called
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channel may distribute text or music worldwide, while a
1786:
Twitter In Controversial Spotlight Amid Mumbai Attacks
961:, often simultaneously. By coding signals and having
1274:, are laid out on dummy (trial) pages, and after the
950:
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a
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When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term
27:
Elements of mass media that focus on delivering news
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1978:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1718:Harcup, Tony; O’Neill, Deirdre (2 December 2017).
139:trucks and photojournalists gathered outside the
1695:"press | Etymology, origin and meaning of press"
1578:, gathering organisations which are part of the
1497:and Internet social networking tools, including
1914:Chart – Real and Fake News (2016)/Vanessa Otero
1840:"Should the tech giants be liable for content?"
1022:Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the
1720:"What is News?: News values revisited (again)"
2561:
1956:
1230:
753:
8:
1111:), usually printed on low-cost paper called
1103:A newspaper is a lightweight and disposable
965:equipment in homes, the latter also enables
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2142:
1963:
1949:
1941:
1122:on a variety of topics. Those can include
760:
746:
161:
1735:
1407:Newspaper "gone to the Web" in California
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1478:2004 United States presidential election
947:to a small population within its range.
1867:"Institutional Corruption – LessigWiki"
1625:
1536:, making it resilient to institutional
662:
614:
543:
352:
256:
164:
1316:, a monthly newsmagazine published in
1229:The editor's office (Newsroom) of the
1150:). Many also include weather news and
1770:As it happened: Mumbai attacks 27 Nov
1671:"Journalism and Journalistic Writing"
1576:South East European Media Observatory
7:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
1551:from private or political interests
1004:programming, with several channels
25:
1928:Chart – Real and Fake News (2014)
1158:and other entertainment, such as
2459:Concentration of media ownership
1890:Petković, Brankica, ed. (2014).
1820:Hill, Taylor (1 February 2017).
1422:produced or distributed via the
722:
172:
34:
3212:Party platforms (or manifestos)
1562:journalism ethics and standards
1455:stories. In recent years, the
832:News media in the United States
45:needs additional citations for
1377:programming schedule from the
1194:, usually concerning a single
1:
1899:. Ljubljana: Peace Institute.
1737:10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
1557:about own financial interests
711:Pundit / commentator
3300:Rally 'round the flag effect
249:Index of journalism articles
1450:News coverage and new media
3586:
1566:responsiveness to citizens
1512:
1489:Media coverage during the
1483:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1392:
1373:, and throughout European
1323:
1096:
911:
829:
2641:Manipulation (psychology)
784:that focus on delivering
734:Category: Journalism
137:Electronic news-gathering
2819:Criticism of advertising
2535:Society of the Spectacle
1282:. The writer is given a
3481:Promotional merchandise
3192:Character assassination
3129:Narcotizing dysfunction
3003:Photograph manipulation
2716:Guerrilla communication
2416:Influence of mass media
2221:Narcotizing dysfunction
1593:Court of public opinion
1493:highlighted the use of
1248:San Francisco Chronicle
1174:Journalists at work in
1138:, and opinions (either
921:is the distribution of
671:Journalists (reporters)
3464:Product demonstrations
2893:Historical negationism
2077:Freedom of information
1434:platforms, as well as
1408:
1321:
1252:
1238:
1231:
1179:
1107:(more specifically, a
239:Editorial independence
159:
3396:Reputation management
3315:Psychological warfare
3164:Political campaigning
2973:Firehose of falsehood
2464:Exploitation of women
1574:, within the project
1542:political clientelism
1465:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
1406:
1309:
1244:
1228:
1186:is a single article,
1173:
729:Journalism portal
592:Pink-slime journalism
577:Horse race journalism
135:
3431:Corporate propaganda
1826:Editor and Publisher
1792:, November 29, 2008.
1776:, November 27, 2008.
1598:Hostile media effect
1054:broadcast journalism
969:-based channels and
826:In the United States
567:Freedom of the press
141:Prudential Financial
54:improve this article
3519:Media concentration
3391:Non-apology apology
3381:Cult of personality
3109:Emotive conjugation
2863:Burying of scholars
2510:Advanced capitalism
2196:Cult of personality
2110:Advanced capitalism
1936:Pew Research Center
1491:2008 Mumbai attacks
629:Newspaper of record
3502:Influence-for-hire
3295:National mythology
3265:Crowd manipulation
3154:Tabloid journalism
3023:Video manipulation
2968:Fictitious entries
2691:Civil disobedience
2577:Media manipulation
2431:Semiotic democracy
2355:Civil disobedience
2267:Media manipulation
2257:Crowd manipulation
2180:Tabloid journalism
2094:Media transparency
2072:Media independence
1986:24-hour news cycle
1865:Lessig, Lawrence.
1756:2006-06-15 at the
1724:Journalism Studies
1534:democratic process
1409:
1322:
1253:
1239:
1180:
1148:political cartoons
1000:may also transmit
998:digital television
901:Johannes Gutenberg
160:
3557:
3556:
3323:Airborne leaflets
3202:Election promises
3056:Product placement
2931:Alternative facts
2671:Alternative media
2543:
2542:
2469:Freedom of speech
2287:Theodor W. Adorno
2275:
2274:
2262:Managing the news
2082:Freedom of speech
2062:Media development
2026:News broadcasting
2006:Independent media
1991:Alternative media
1922:Mark Frauenfelder
1730:(12): 1470–1488.
1572:South East Europe
1412:Online journalism
1389:Online journalism
1233:Helsingin Sanomat
1070:documentary films
842:John Peter Zenger
838:Benjamin Franklin
770:
769:
655:Alternative media
607:Yellow journalism
244:Journalism school
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3577:
3549:Media proprietor
3373:Public relations
3353:Public diplomacy
3338:Information (IT)
3217:Name recognition
2842:Media regulation
2824:Annoyance factor
2681:Call-out culture
2596:Crowd psychology
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2515:Culture industry
2484:Social influence
2437:The Lonely Crowd
2380:Political satire
2345:Call-out culture
2322:Jacques Rancière
2317:Marshall McLuhan
2292:Jean Baudrillard
2236:Viral phenomenon
2170:Public relations
2143:
2016:Mainstream media
2001:Electronic media
1965:
1958:
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1790:Information Week
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1603:Media regulation
1395:Online newspaper
1348:documentary film
1236:
1219:breaking stories
1166:Print journalism
1124:political events
1060:of information.
854:inverted pyramid
819:The Weekly News,
792:. These include
762:
755:
748:
727:
726:
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602:Propaganda model
597:Public relations
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3544:Media influence
3539:Media franchise
3524:Media democracy
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3290:Loaded language
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3075:
3027:
2917:
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2755:
2696:Culture jamming
2645:
2579:
2574:
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2539:
2525:Media franchise
2498:
2442:
2404:
2360:Culture jamming
2326:
2312:Walter Lippmann
2271:
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2134:
2098:
2089:Media pluralism
2050:
1974:
1969:
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1896:
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1871:wiki.lessig.org
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1517:
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1476:apropos of the
1467:'s 11,000-word
1452:
1401:
1399:Online magazine
1393:Main articles:
1391:
1340:
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1213:Most reporters
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1019:is often used.
984:), for example
976:A broadcasting
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3232:Smear campaign
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1560:commitment to
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3275:Fearmongering
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3114:False balance
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3071:Word of mouth
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2858:Broadcast law
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2611:False balance
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2400:Strike action
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2365:Demonstration
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2130:Pensée unique
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1996:Digital media
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1972:Media culture
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586:False balance
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557:Fourth Estate
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
41:
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19:
3534:Media ethics
3454:Door-to-door
3449:Cold calling
3426:Weasel words
3333:Fifth column
3227:Push polling
3177:Astroturfing
3139:Pseudo-event
3119:Infotainment
3094:Broadcasting
3080:
3013:Urban legend
2936:April Fools'
2809:Testimonials
2779:Infomercials
2606:Dumbing down
2530:Post-Fordism
2520:Mass society
2489:Transparency
2435:
2302:Noam Chomsky
2280:Philosophers
2226:Recuperation
2211:Media circus
2201:Dumbing down
2067:Media policy
2041:Social media
2030:
1892:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
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1698:
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1650:
1613:Yellow press
1569:
1555:transparency
1549:independence
1527:
1518:
1488:
1481:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1432:social media
1411:
1410:
1383:
1359:Pathé Frères
1356:
1341:
1332:newsmagazine
1331:
1329:
1326:Newsmagazine
1311:
1283:
1276:chief editor
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:photographer
1254:
1246:
1218:
1214:
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1207:
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1181:
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1156:comic strips
1117:
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1021:
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978:organization
975:
971:pay-per-view
967:subscription
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919:Broadcasting
918:
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914:Broadcasting
908:Broadcasting
894:
879:
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866:
862:
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850:
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818:
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777:
773:
771:
706:Photographer
640:TV and radio
615:
572:Infotainment
562:Fifth Estate
461:Interpretive
411:Comics-based
144:headquarters
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"News media"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3406:Sound bites
3386:Doublespeak
3237:Wedge issue
3197:Dog whistle
3172:Advertising
2998:Lying press
2983:Gaslighting
2761:Advertising
2736:Occupations
2626:Obfuscation
2616:Half-truths
2409:In academia
2395:Review bomb
2216:Media event
2153:Advertising
2125:Consumerism
2046:State media
1457:blogosphere
1357:Created by
1105:publication
1002:multiplexed
982:frequencies
691:Copy editor
521:Underground
436:Explanatory
361:Adversarial
330:Video games
285:Environment
224:Attribution
219:News values
214:Objectivity
3570:News media
3507:Media bias
3363:Subversion
3328:False flag
3305:Techniques
3247:Propaganda
3207:Lawn signs
3187:Canvassing
3081:News media
2837:Censorship
2769:Billboards
2721:Hacktivism
2711:Grassroots
2636:Persuasion
2474:Media bias
2375:Occupation
2307:Guy Debord
2189:Techniques
2158:Propaganda
2055:Principles
2031:News media
2011:Mass media
1876:2016-03-11
1852:2100785283
1704:2021-12-26
1699:etymonline
1680:2018-04-01
1675:Purdue OWL
1656:2018-03-08
1620:References
1538:corruption
1420:journalism
1418:and other
1379:silent era
1288:broadsheet
1280:publishing
1160:crosswords
1140:editorials
1109:periodical
1093:Newspapers
1050:television
1037:Television
1024:mass media
1017:webcasting
1006:compressed
973:services.
945:soundbites
886:mass media
798:newspapers
782:mass media
774:news media
625:Newspapers
616:News media
582:Media bias
486:Non-profit
471:Multimedia
391:Churnalism
320:Technology
229:Defamation
166:Journalism
80:newspapers
18:News Media
3469:Promotion
3348:Political
3255:Bandwagon
3182:Attack ad
3061:Publicity
3033:Marketing
2946:Fake news
2908:Religious
2903:Political
2883:Euphemism
2878:Cover-ups
2873:Corporate
2741:Petitions
2631:Orwellian
2601:Deception
2454:Anonymity
2163:Fake news
2139:Deception
2036:Old media
2021:New media
1515:Fake news
1509:Fake news
1495:new media
1486:article.
1416:reporting
1354:stories.
1338:Newsreels
1310:Cover of
1268:news desk
1256:Reporters
1198:, issue,
1152:forecasts
1113:newsprint
1099:Newspaper
1043:narrative
1008:into one
876:Etymology
836:In 1729,
676:Columnist
635:Magazines
552:Fake news
476:Narrative
456:Immersion
416:Community
386:Broadcast
3564:Category
3416:Transfer
3358:Sedition
3222:Negative
3134:Newspeak
3124:Managing
3066:Research
3041:Branding
2993:Literary
2958:Fakelore
2951:websites
2941:Deepfake
2898:Internet
2789:Modeling
2746:Protests
2726:Internet
2659:Advocacy
2651:Activism
2503:Synonyms
2494:Violence
2370:Graffiti
2103:Ideology
1848:ProQuest
1774:BBC News
1754:Archived
1586:See also
1428:Internet
1424:Internet
1344:newsreel
1296:magazine
1190:item or
1176:Montreal
1132:business
1010:ensemble
963:decoding
952:schedule
934:Internet
882:"medium"
645:Internet
536:Watchdog
426:Database
381:Blogging
376:Analytic
366:Advocacy
305:Politics
295:Medicine
270:Business
110:May 2018
3495:Related
3474:Spaving
3459:Pricing
3401:Slogans
3343:Lawfare
3280:Framing
3260:Big lie
3051:Product
3046:Loyalty
2978:Forgery
2923:Hoaxing
2804:Slogans
2784:Mobiles
2676:Boycott
2584:Context
2479:Privacy
2385:Protest
2340:Boycott
2206:Framing
1499:Twitter
1474:article
1367:British
1318:RĂ©union
1292:tabloid
1272:edition
1251:in 1994
1237:in 1965
1204:profile
1192:feature
1144:columns
1062:Anchors
1058:sources
986:BBC One
930:signals
812:History
788:to the
681:Blogger
516:Tabloid
491:Opinion
396:Citizen
340:Weather
325:Traffic
310:Science
290:Fashion
209:Culture
193:Five Ws
94:scholar
3099:Circus
3008:Racial
2447:Issues
2245:Others
1850:
1503:Flickr
1426:. The
1375:cinema
1369:, and
1363:France
1346:was a
1284:byline
1264:edited
1136:sports
942:ad hoc
686:Editor
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511:Sensor
353:Genres
315:Sports
199:Ethics
148:Newark
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3441:Sales
3144:Scrum
3104:Cycle
3018:Virus
2888:Films
2853:Books
2794:Radio
2774:False
2751:Youth
2731:Media
2664:group
2621:Media
2146:Forms
1979:Media
1918:basis
1897:(PDF)
1440:vlogs
1436:blogs
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1200:theme
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663:Roles
526:Video
496:Peace
446:Gonzo
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345:World
300:Music
257:Areas
101:JSTOR
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