91:
As the agreement did not cover books that were damaged (or second hand), shops that wished to sell "new" books below cover price for any reason (for example to get rid of obsolete stock or titles that were not otherwise selling) adopted a simple strategy which meant that they were still sticking to
154:
However, market concentration and a demise of independent bookshops also took place in economies such as
Germany and France where a fixed book price agreement is still in place. The loss in business was smaller than predicted by many commentators. The number of titles published in the UK briefly
134:
decided to take no part in the case. In March 1997 the
Restrictive Practices Court ruled that the Net Book Agreement was against the public interest and therefore illegal. The adoption of this new procurement discipline by academic libraries since the demise of the NBA is the focus of "Managing
47:
were to be sold to the public. The agreement was concerned solely with price maintenance. It operated in the UK from 1900 until the 1990s when it was abandoned by some large bookshop chains and was then ruled illegal. It also operated in
Ireland until shortly before its final demise.
70:, The Publishers Association introduced the practice of deeming school books 'non-net' allowing schools discounts that were not available on other books. There were also agreements in place to allow public libraries to receive discounts of up to 5% on the net books they purchased.
56:
It came into effect on 1 January 1900 and involved retailers selling books at agreed prices. Any bookseller who sold a book at less than the agreed price would no longer be supplied by the publisher in question. In 1905,
135:
suppliers for collection development: the UK higher education perspective." The collapse of the
Agreement strengthened large bookstore chains and reduced book prices. It also paved the way for the large
151:, but the failure of the changes was demonstrated by the rapid bankruptcy of Borders, as the supermarkets rapidly dominated the market with loss-leading price discounting, wiping out the competition.
77:, which decided that the NBA was of benefit to the industry, since it enabled publishers to subsidise the printing of the works of important but less widely read authors using money from bestsellers.
143:
had closed since the demise of the agreement. An early example of the changes in the book publishing markets following the termination of the agreement was the entry of the US-owned booksellers
495:
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increased when the NBA was dissolved in 1997; the volume of books sold in the UK increased temporarily by about 30% compared to 1995, but the retail prices collapsed.
283:
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chains to take a chunk of the book business, typically offering a small number of best-selling titles at deeply discounted prices. As of 2009, 500
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Ball, D., 2012. "Managing suppliers for collection development: the UK higher education perspective." In: Fieldhouse, M. and
Marshall, A., eds.
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refused to license the NBA, on the grounds that UK publishers' market share was high enough for the NPA to distort competition in
Ireland.
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the terms of the agreement: they deliberately defaced or damaged the book(s). The two methods most commonly used were to either use a
266:
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decided that the
Restrictive Practices Court should review the agreement. In September 1995 several major publishers (including
112:
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applied the NBA in the
Republic of Ireland until 1992, after the Competition Act 1991 came into force. In June 1994 Ireland's
165:
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24:
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169:, a book price-fixing conspiracy, which also involved collusion between publishers and was also ruled illegal
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to mark the edge of the pages. The marker pen method was the most common as it took the least effort.
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tried but failed to challenge the agreement by setting up a low-cost book borrowing club.
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An evaluation of the impact upon productivity of ending resale price maintenance on books
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28:
469:
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261:. London: Bookseller Publishing, The Publishers Association. 2000. p. 16.
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310:. Dublin: Oireachtas. 6 February 1996. pp. Vol.461 No.1 p. 159 cc193–195
404:
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Problems of a Fixed Book Price
Agreement under European Competition Law
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Collapse of Net Book
Agreement `within months' collapse' - UK ...
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374:
284:"THE MEDIA BUSINESS; British Book Shops in Price Skirmishes"
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into the British high street, following their purchase of
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The Benefits from Competition: some illustrative UK cases
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In the UK in August 1994 the Director General of the
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to punch a hole in the cover of the book or to use a
73:In 1962 the Net Book Agreement was examined by the
226:The Organisation of Knowledge in Victorian Britain
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195:. London: Cambridge University Press. pp.
8:
496:1997 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
259:UK Publishing global information partnership
88:, began to offer some books at a discount.
363:Collection Development in the Digital Age.
491:1900 establishments in the United Kingdom
229:. Oxford University Press. p. 275.
461:The Economist: Blood on the Bookshelves
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16:Book price system in the UK and Ireland
304:"Written Answers - NET Book Agreement"
130:) withdrew, and in September 1996 the
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329:Daniel, McCarthy (9 February 2010).
235:10.5871/bacad/9780197263266.001.0001
191:The Publishers Association 1896-1946
282:Cassidy, Suzanne (7 October 1991).
14:
80:In 1991 the large bookshop chain
506:Regulation in the United Kingdom
481:Publishing in the United Kingdom
223:(2005). Daunton, Martin (ed.).
486:United Kingdom competition law
43:which set the prices at which
1:
166:United States v. Apple Inc.
75:Restrictive Practices Court
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476:Anti-competitive practices
187:Kingsford, R.J.L. (1970).
109:The Publishers Association
37:The Publishers Association
25:fixed book price agreement
435:UK Government Web Archive
336:The American Conservative
365:London: Facet, 111-124.
132:Booksellers Association
424:Office of Fair Trading
410:29 August 2011 at the
331:"Politics and the NBA"
120:Office of Fair Trading
104:Dissolution of the NBA
141:independent bookshops
113:Competition Authority
451:Politics and the NBA
433:2 April 2014 at the
308:Dáil Éireann Debates
379:The Money Programme
66:In 1905, following
381:, 12 February 2009
289:The New York Times
21:Net Book Agreement
68:The Education Act
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347:26 February
314:27 February
137:supermarket
86:Waterstones
41:booksellers
470:Categories
390:Kaufmann,
174:References
98:marker pen
94:hole punch
149:Books Etc
60:The Times
431:Archived
408:Archived
159:See also
35:between
414:, 43 f.
394:, 1998.
145:Borders
82:Dillons
52:History
33:Ireland
27:in the
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437:, 42.
45:books
349:2021
316:2018
263:ISBN
239:ISBN
201:ISBN
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