1681:"1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. 2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary."
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removal makes it difficult for people posting such content to have due process in determining the content's legality. Over-blocking could be a violation of
Article 10 because there is potential to block speech that is lawful. Some scholars say that prioritizing Germany's laws over EU regulations while legislating on this subject of increasing importance is a mistake, and that the EU should be the one to legislate in such realms, especially since the internet is such an international place.
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NetzDG). They must check complaints immediately, delete "obviously illegal" content within 24 hours, delete any illegal content within 7 days it has been checked and block access to it. Complainants and users must be informed immediately of the decisions taken. The deleted content must be stored for at least ten weeks for evidence purposes. Violations are considered
1561:. Such content may radicalise individuals, and "the internet shapes the culture of debate and the overall social climate" in Germany. Previous attempts to raise awareness and set voluntary commitments for platforms have had limited success. However, various aspects of the law have been criticised by multiple interest groups.
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differentiation between prohibited insult and permitted satire. In April 2017, an alliance of business associations, network politicians, civil rights activists, scientists and lawyers joined forces to protest against the law. In a manifesto, they warned of "catastrophic consequences for freedom of expression".
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In July 2019, Facebook was fined 2 million Euros by
Germany's Federal Office of Justice for under-reporting complaints about illegal content. According to Germany's Federal Office of Justice, Facebook did not include user reports that posts violated community standards. However, Facebook claimed that
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The
Network Enforcement Act incentivizes over-blocking, because it allows citizens and tech companies to make judgement on questionable speech immediately by blocking it within 24 hours, instead of allowing it to propagate or cause harm while waiting for a court's decision. This necessity of speed in
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Academics and experts also expect the short and rigid deletion periods and the high threat of fines to lead the networks to prefer to remove contributions in case of doubt, even if the freedom of expression guaranteed by fundamental rights would require a context-related consideration, such as in the
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An evaluation ordered by the German
Ministry of Justice and executed by Berkeley and Cambridge scientists came to the conclusion that the law has led to a "significant improvement in complaints management and public accountability of network providers in dealing with designated illegal content" while
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The Act obliges social media platforms with over 2 million users to remove "clearly illegal" content within 24 hours and all illegal content within 7 days of it being posted, or face a maximum fine of 50 million Euros. The deleted content must be stored for at least 10 weeks afterwards, and platforms
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has called the law "flawed", stating it could lead to unaccountable, overbroad censorship. It added that the law will set a dangerous precedent for other governments that also wishes to restrict online speech by forcing companies to censor on its behalf. Indeed, the RSF also noted that
Germany's law
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on May 19 showed that the draft was controversial within the CDU/CSU and SPD. Representatives of the CDU/CSU and the SPD parliamentary groups made changes to the draft. The
Bundestag passed the amended draft on 30 June 2017 with most votes of the government factions against the votes of the Left and
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Facebook has criticised the draft law. In a statement sent to the German
Bundestag at the end of May 2017, the company stated: "The constitutional state must not pass on its own shortcomings and responsibility to private companies. Preventing and combating hate speech and false reports is a public
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Kaye also expressed concerns that "violative content" and its associated user information would have to be stored on private servers and could be accessed by court orders, which may undermine the right to anonymous expression. Furthermore, the Act would burden private companies with protecting the
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on the
Internet with at least 2 million members, not to journalistically- and editorially-designed services (§ 1 NetzDG). Providers must establish a transparent procedure for dealing with complaints about illegal content (§ 3 NetzDG) and are subject to a reporting and documentation obligation (§ 2
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for which sensitive fines of up to 5 million euros are provided (§ 4 NetzDG). In addition, providers must provide a service agent in
Germany both to the authorities and for civil proceedings (§ 5 NetzDG). Social networks are expected to submit a report every six months on the complaints that have
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The law has been criticised both locally and internationally by politicians, human rights groups, journalists and academics for incentivising social media platforms to pre-emptively censor valid and lawful expression, and making them the arbiter of what constitutes free expression and curtailing
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The maximum fines would be disproportionate to the offence itself, and "may prompt social networks to remove content that may be lawful." Especially due to the short timeframes for removing content (7 days for illegal content and 24 hours for clearly illegal content), could lead providers to
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analysing the effects of the
Network Enforcement Act. The authors concluded it "remains uncertain whether NetzDG has achieved significant results in reaching its stated goal of preventing hate speech" as some platforms did not strictly comply with the requirements.
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were insufficient, and he called for further increased pressure on social networks. To make companies more accountable, he considered that legal regulations were needed. Although 90 percent of the punishable content was deleted on
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67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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1524:. According to the federal government, social networks would be forced to remove hate speech more consistently. The maximum penalty for a failure to abide by the law would be 50 million Euros.
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IT experts also described the planned regulations as "censorship infrastructure". Journalists that criticized the law include Matthias Spielkamp of RSF, who called the design "shameful".
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warned that the law would risk privatizing censorship. The Oxford Internet Institute warned that the law may heavily restrict freedom of expression and Internet freedom.
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set up a working group on the handling of criminal content in social networks. Some networks made voluntary commitments, but the ministry considered them insufficient.
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was rejected on the grounds that "the publication of the documents... would affect the climate of mutual trust between the member state (Germany) and the Commission".
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combated that an evaluation of legal practice in the deletion of criminal content in social networks by "jugendschutz.net" in early 2017 revealed that deletions of
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Answers to the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression in regard to the Network Enforcement Act
1723:(ECHR) and the European legal requirements in the area of "Information Society Services" (e-commerce directive). An inquiry by the German business magazine
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task from which the state must not escape". In its statement, Facebook claimed "The amount of the fines is disproportionate to the sanctioned behaviour".
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Facebook-Gesetz: EU-Kommission hält Dokumente zurück „Veröffentlichung würde das Klima des gegenseitigen Vertrauens beeinträchtigen“.
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Enforcement through the Network: The Network Enforcement Act and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Comment)
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The legality of information is often dependent on context, which would be difficult for platforms to accurately evaluate.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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2024:. House of Lords Communications and Digital Committee inquiry into Freedom of Expression Online. January 2021.
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According to a regulation issued in 2001, the EU Commission must make internal documents available on request.
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2769:"Facebook fined $ 2.3 million by Germany for providing incomplete information about hate speech content"
2487:"Censorship by Proxy: The First Amendment, Internet Intermediaries, and the Problem of the Weakest Link"
1872:"Facebook fined $ 2.3 million by Germany for providing incomplete information about hate speech content"
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Online providers would have to delete information partly on the basis of "vague and ambiguous" criteria.
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must submit transparency reports on dealing with illegal content every six months. It was passed by the
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Computational Propaganda: Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media
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Avenue, Committee to Protect Journalists 330 7th; York, 11th Floor New; Ny 10001 (20 April 2017).
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2584:"ICYMI: New Report on Germany's NetzDG Online Hate Speech Law Shows No Threat of Over-Blocking"
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has refused to review the documents on the law that examines the compatibility of the law with
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aspects of the law "lacked clarity" and it did comply with mandatory reporting requirements.
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Experts argue that the law may violate freedom of expression as enumerated in Article 5 of
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United Nations Special Rapporteur for the Protection of Freedom of Opinion and Expression
2148:"Zensur befürchtet: SPD-naher Verein zerreißt Maas' Facebook-Gesetz – heute-Nachrichten"
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wrote: "This confirms the suspicion that the law does indeed violates EU law, but
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in pure culture" and explained that the draft law reads as if "it came from the
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1806:""Facebook-Gesetz": Ein Gesetz, das die Freiheit im Netz beschneiden könnte"
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2736:"Facebook lehnt das NetzDG ab: Unbestimmt, unwirksam und verfassungswidrig"
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specifying a range of tasks to be tackled like ascertainments in wording.
2240:"Hass im Netz: Wirtschaft und Aktivisten verbĂĽnden sich gegen Maas-Gesetz"
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2332:"NetzDG: Meinungsfreiheit, Zensur – was das umstrittene Gesetz bedeutet"
1621:" that it was an "attack on the principle of the separation of powers".
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1572:(RSF) stated that the Act could "massively damage the basic rights to
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Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Rechtsdurchsetzung in sozialen Netzwerken
2270:""Deklaration fĂĽr die Meinungsfreiheit" gegen Gesetz von Heiko Maas"
2179:"Community Standards + KI + Beirat = Informationsfreiheit weltweit?"
1804:
Schedelbeck, Paul; Harner, Miriam; Körber, Jasmin (2 January 2018).
2799:"Google takes legal action over Germany's expanded hate-speech law"
2048:"Russian bill is copy-and-paste of Germany's hate speech law | RSF"
2079:"Proposed German legislation threatens broad internet censorship"
64:
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Neudert, Lisa-Maria (2018). "Germany: A Cautionary Tale".
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to this template: there are already 1,904 articles in the
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EU-Kommission hält Dokumente zum Facebook-Gesetz zurück.
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the CSU, with the abstention of Alliance 90/The Greens.
2705:"Germany fines Facebook for under-reporting complaints"
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Germany's NetzDG: A key test for combatting online hate
1841:"Germany implements new internet hate speech crackdown"
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privacy and security of large amounts of private data.
2301:"Heiko Maas: Breites BĂĽndnis gegen das Facebookgesetz"
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2443:
European Convention on Human Rights : Commentary
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection
1454:in June 2017 and took full effect in January 2018.
1537:been received and how they have been dealt with.
1589:'s implementation of its own hate speech law.
102:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
2126:. Oxford University Press. pp. 153–185.
1698:published a joint report with the think tank
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114:{{Translated|de|Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz}}
8:
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2107:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1749:Facebook fine for underreporting complaints
2330:Nadin Rabaa, Jan Petter (5 January 2018).
2022:"Guardian News and Media Written Evidence"
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2613:Echikson, William; Knodt, Olivia (2018).
1512:On May 16, 2017, the government parties
646:Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)
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1995:. Federal Government of Germany. 2017.
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1690:Counter Extremism Project – CEPS Report
1434:in 2017 that officially aims to combat
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143:This article is part of a series on the
2622:. Centre for European Policy Studies.
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2629:from the original on 2 September 2024
2533:from the original on 2 September 2024
2491:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
2467:from the original on 2 September 2024
2439:"European Convention On Human Rights"
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2416:from the original on 2 September 2024
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2374:from the original on 2 September 2024
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2208:Martenstein, Harald (19 March 2017).
2028:from the original on 30 December 2021
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1882:from the original on 2 September 2024
1851:from the original on 22 November 2018
1527:The draft law referred to commercial
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2779:from the original on 7 December 2020
2715:from the original on 11 January 2022
2594:from the original on 11 January 2022
2552:Claussen, Victor (18 October 2021).
2485:Kreimer, Seth F. (1 November 2006).
2311:from the original on 4 November 2021
2002:from the original on 11 January 2022
1915:from the original on 11 January 2022
1820:from the original on 11 January 2021
1645:. He raised the following concerns:
2748:from the original on 15 August 2020
1721:European Convention on Human Rights
2564:from the original on 18 March 2022
2158:from the original on 31 March 2017
2089:from the original on 11 April 2019
1905:"Germany: Flawed Social Media Law"
1740:does not want to offend Germany".
1700:Centre for European Policy Studies
1657:by deleting legitimate expression.
1655:engage in precautionary censorship
1565:Human rights and journalist groups
1416:), also known colloquially as the
16:German social media regulation law
14:
2809:from the original on 30 June 2022
2342:from the original on 30 June 2022
2250:from the original on 30 June 2022
1968:from the original on 30 June 2022
1770:filed a lawsuit against the law.
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2189:from the original on 12 May 2022
2058:from the original on 1 July 2022
1594:Committee to Protect Journalists
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25:
2767:Sugandha Lahoti (3 July 2019).
2734:Kurz, Constanze (29 May 2017).
2703:Escritt, Thomas (2 July 2019).
2299:Patrick Beuth (11 April 2017).
1870:Sugandha Lahoti (3 July 2019).
2879:Internet censorship in Germany
1839:Knight, Ben (1 January 2018).
1239:Politics of the European Union
112:You may also add the template
1:
2445:, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013,
1958:"Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz"
1707:European Commission's silence
1555:Federal government of Germany
2558:Rivista di Diritto dei Media
2210:"Erdoganismus in Reinkultur"
2177:Spielkamp, Matthias (2019).
1962:Bundesministerium der Justiz
1694:In 2018, the advocacy group
1496:, it was only 39 percent on
1190:Foreign relations by country
382:Federal Constitutional Court
189:Federal Constitutional Court
2154:(in German). 23 June 2018.
1520:introduced the bill to the
1396:Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz
594:Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
84:will aid in categorization.
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2451:10.5040/9781472561725.0036
2338:(in German). Der Spiegel.
271:Vice Chancellor of Germany
59:Machine translation, like
2588:Counter Extremism Project
2398:Imara., McMillan (2019).
1696:Counter Extremism Project
1570:Reporters Without Borders
512:Collective municipality (
40:the corresponding article
2685:27 November 2022 at the
1075:State and local politics
620:East Germany (1949–1960)
2214:Der Tagesspiegel Online
1785:Human rights in Germany
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1534:administrative offences
1430:that was passed in the
1391:Network Enforcement Act
1231:International Relations
221:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
123:For more guidance, see
2659:28 August 2022 at the
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1508:Drafting and enactment
1500:and only 1 percent on
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1135:North Rhine-Westphalia
1130:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
745:Parliamentary election
586:Presidential elections
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1939:24 April 2023 at the
1780:Censorship in Germany
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1578:freedom of expression
1289:Agrarian Conservatism
359:Gemeinsamer Ausschuss
352:Vermittlungsausschuss
245:Chancellor of Germany
167:
125:Knowledge:Translation
96:copyright attribution
2693:, 10. November 2017.
2667:, 10. November 2017.
1911:. 14 February 2018.
1814:Bayerischer Rundfunk
1585:had also influenced
1574:freedom of the press
1261:Political ideologies
1140:Rhineland-Palatinate
574:Federal Convention (
213:President of Germany
1719:with regard to the
1713:European Commission
1341:Politics portal
1909:Human Rights Watch
1717:European Union law
1633:In June 2017, the
1605:Harald Martenstein
1582:Human Rights Watch
1327:Germany portal
1160:Schleswig-Holstein
1005:European elections
470:State Parliament (
465:Minister president
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104:interlanguage link
2841:Freedom of Speech
2460:978-1-8494-6191-7
2276:. 11 April 2017.
2246:. 11 April 2017.
1669:Council of Europe
1607:of the newspaper
1553:According to the
1460:freedom of speech
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178:Constitution
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78:main category
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36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
2811:. Retrieved
2802:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
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2750:. Retrieved
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2596:. Retrieved
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2566:. Retrieved
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2535:. Retrieved
2494:
2490:
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2469:, retrieved
2442:
2418:. Retrieved
2400:
2376:. Retrieved
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2335:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2304:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2274:Tagesspiegel
2273:
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2252:. Retrieved
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2222:. Retrieved
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2191:. Retrieved
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2160:. Retrieved
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2117:
2091:. Retrieved
2082:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2051:
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2030:. Retrieved
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1988:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1961:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
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1884:. Retrieved
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1853:. Retrieved
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1822:. Retrieved
1809:
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1462:in Germany.
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1418:Facebook Act
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1400:
1390:
1388:
1285:Conservatism
1230:
1189:
1125:Lower Saxony
1080:
1059:
1004:
994:
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444:Subdivisions
430:Other courts
422:Joint Senate
358:
351:
340:
321:
269:
243:
211:
194:Human rights
153:Politics of
141:
100:edit summary
91:
71:
45:
37:
18:
2884:2017 in law
2741:Netzpolitik
2032:30 December
1855:22 November
1613:called it "
1440:hate speech
1105:Brandenburg
864:1932 (July)
564:Referendums
479:composition
316:Legislature
258:Olaf Scholz
180:(Basic Law)
47:(June 2022)
2863:Categories
2719:11 January
2633:11 January
2598:11 January
2471:18 October
2410:1145120681
2378:6 November
2346:20 January
2315:14 January
2284:14 January
2254:14 January
2093:6 November
2006:11 January
1919:11 January
1886:11 January
1791:References
1639:David Kaye
1619:1984 novel
1615:ErdoÄźanism
1485:Heiko Maas
1470:Background
1428:German law
1300:Liberalism
1271:Federalism
879:1933 (Nov)
874:1933 (Mar)
869:1932 (Nov)
849:1924 (Dec)
844:1924 (May)
759:1867 (Aug)
754:1867 (Feb)
569:Coalitions
496:District (
2783:14 August
2773:Packt Hub
2752:14 August
2527:153620561
2511:0041-9907
1876:Packt Hub
1824:14 August
1766:In 2021,
1559:fake news
1549:Criticism
1522:Bundestag
1452:Bundestag
1446:online.
1436:fake news
1432:Bundestag
1406:‹See Tfd›
1295:Far-right
1280:Communism
1165:Thuringia
546:Elections
374:Judiciary
342:Bundesrat
323:Bundestag
238:Executive
118:talk page
70:Consider
42:in German
2807:Archived
2777:Archived
2746:Archived
2713:Archived
2683:Archived
2657:Archived
2624:Archived
2592:Archived
2568:31 March
2562:Archived
2537:31 March
2531:Archived
2519:40041302
2465:archived
2420:31 March
2414:Archived
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