2822:(24/24 parts), and the engineering standard is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine). An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.
2880:
40:
with the highest percentage. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
2890:
2848:
2942:
3025:
94:
64:
2865:
2117:
1419:
2231:
2293:
1439:
1224:
2772:
2732:
1650:
1081:
195:
2777:
2340:
2251:
1704:
1414:
2955:
2924:
2912:
2855:, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
2843:
2967:
2885:
1126:
380:
1147:
754:
2767:
1891:
1687:
1681:
2183:
2173:
1955:
1759:
744:
3000:
822:
122:
2938:
2374:
2225:
764:
610:
516:
506:
170:
2975:
2672:
2644:
2571:
2507:
2487:
2477:
2312:
2274:
2241:
2201:
2087:
1622:
1515:
1343:
1046:
912:
864:
596:
562:
552:
546:
423:
413:
289:
3020:
2852:
2662:
2525:
2441:
2427:
2394:
2026:
1616:
1385:
1298:
1234:
1167:
1157:
666:
54:
2322:
2238:); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
2156:
270:
2971:
2807:
2717:
2421:
2404:
2307:
2016:
1627:
1565:
1360:
1338:
1328:
1323:
1152:
708:
690:
586:
466:
456:
429:
3014:
2979:
2737:
2497:
1799:
1370:
1187:
1177:
874:
812:
486:
151:(up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
1491:
1380:
1365:
1348:
1262:
1182:
1172:
1075:
1071:
1011:
983:
718:
407:
326:
157:(3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
2613:
2211:
2060:
1988:
1789:
1775:
1545:
1304:
1162:
1142:
1137:
884:
792:
496:
476:
309:
148:
104:
2720:
2693:
2652:
2543:
2197:
2189:
2179:
2050:
2034:
1992:
1982:
1853:
1817:
1692:
1595:
1477:
1469:
1447:
1425:
1409:
1355:
1317:
1132:
1122:
1023:
989:
970:
734:
674:
576:
350:
264:
138:
116:
2937:
Woldman’s
Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals,
70:
2819:
2782:
2761:
2753:
2707:
2703:
2680:
2640:
2467:
2455:
2431:
2384:
2301:
2140:
2106:
2099:
2042:
2010:
1974:
1913:
1875:
1813:
1747:
1737:
1733:
1719:
1710:
1662:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1523:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1457:
1280:
1266:
1242:
1204:
1027:
957:
916:
888:
871:); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
854:
836:
826:
628:
614:
394:
338:
246:
240:
217:
211:
191:
164:
160:
128:
112:
108:
17:
638:
2666:
2648:
2597:
2575:
2561:
2551:
2533:
2491:
2481:
2463:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2378:
2350:
2332:
2245:
2205:
2081:
2030:
2020:
1964:
1951:
1931:
1923:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1857:
1849:
1835:
1825:
1821:
1769:
1751:
1603:
1535:
1527:
1503:
1481:
1461:
1443:
1433:
1404:
1389:
1313:
1309:
1238:
1228:
1214:
1102:
995:
951:
850:
758:
748:
652:
624:
556:
374:
364:
360:
356:
346:
299:
293:
283:
236:
178:
174:
98:
2676:
2634:
2583:
2459:
2344:
2268:
2193:
2160:
2121:
2054:
2046:
1947:
1941:
1919:
1909:
1845:
1831:
1765:
1741:
1519:
1507:
1374:
1274:
1108:
1094:
1050:
1017:
1005:
1001:
939:
922:
902:
702:
698:
590:
566:
417:
332:
258:
230:
184:
74:
60:
2757:
2745:
2741:
2711:
2617:
2589:
2565:
2557:
2547:
2529:
2471:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2364:
2360:
2336:
2316:
2297:
2287:
2255:
2235:
2215:
2150:
2064:
2038:
2002:
1927:
1895:
1867:
1803:
1783:
1779:
1729:
1723:
1715:
1575:
1569:
1539:
1531:
1465:
1451:
1429:
1399:
1393:
1294:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1116:
1112:
1098:
1087:
1040:
878:
868:
858:
844:
806:
796:
782:
778:
772:
738:
680:
646:
604:
538:
526:
433:
384:
368:
342:
303:
154:
132:
88:
84:
80:
2956:"Molecular modeling in engineering design and materials development"
2811:
2699:
2603:
1998:
1937:
1863:
1585:
1333:
1290:
1248:
1194:
1067:
802:
600:
449:
439:
37:
32:
2815:
2803:
2749:
2621:
2607:
2593:
2579:
2537:
2501:
2368:
2354:
2326:
2219:
2006:
1978:
1968:
1871:
1839:
1807:
1793:
1755:
1646:
1559:
1063:
945:
926:
906:
892:
840:
830:
786:
768:
726:
684:
660:
642:
632:
530:
520:
510:
500:
490:
480:
470:
460:
443:
388:
313:
250:
142:
335:(cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, carbon)
2519:
2146:
1599:
1589:
1579:
896:
816:
722:
712:
694:
670:
656:
618:
580:
570:
542:
254:
1283:(stainless steel) (manganese, chromium, carbon) - see also
2911:
Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972)
243:); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
63:: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the
2785:; inexpensive casting metal of non-specific composition
167:): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
77:): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
2845:
Aluminum
Building Wire Installation and Terminations
2624:); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
2474:); used in spectacle frames, precision screws, etc.
1245:); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
125:(45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent.
1634:, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
8:
2925:"Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202"
2204:alloy used in portable speakers such as the
1090:, with carbon as a major alloying element.
2914:, United States Department of the Interior
1762:); originally for hard-facing valve seats
2818:) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is
2867:Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties
2835:
2795:
2740:, a range of ferromagnetic alloys (66%
2881:"Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition"
2659:above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
115:): used in car bodies, mainly used by
198:, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al
7:
1934:), used in jet engine turbine blades
426:(0.5-3% beryllium, 99.5%-97% copper)
2810:, (UK: carats) which indicates the
145:, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
2954:Mathias, Paul M. (15 March 1996).
2814:of the minimum amount of gold (by
25:
2228:, another strong permanent magnet
2870:, University of California Press
1671:MN70, used in a foil for brazing
1668:MN40, used in a foil for brazing
377:(tungsten, molybdenum, carbon)
187:(4% copper, nickel, magnesium)
36:grouped alphabetically by the
1:
220:(62% beryllium, 38% aluminum)
91:): used for permanent magnets
2980:10.1016/0378-3812(95)02891-9
2540:; used for bearing surfaces)
1284:
2647:with other metals, usually
1961:Magnetically "soft" alloys
1420:Martensitic stainless steel
141:or R.R. alloys (2% copper,
3042:
2691:
2632:
2517:
2419:
2285:
2266:
2171:
2138:
2097:
2079:
1702:
1679:
1660:
1614:
1557:
1079:
1061:
1038:
968:
937:
405:
324:
281:
228:
209:
52:
2842:Hunter, Christel (2006).
2656:
2294:Argentium sterling silver
2127:Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
1440:Surgical stainless steel
65:National Electrical Code
3026:Chemistry-related lists
2806:alloys is expressed in
2773:Intermetallic compounds
2733:Complex metallic alloys
2114:Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
1082:Category:Ferrous alloys
391:, molybdenum, tungsten)
196:complex metallic alloys
181:10%), also called Nital
2960:Fluid Phase Equilibria
2778:List of brazing alloys
2341:metal matrix composite
2277:(rhodium–silver alloy)
2252:Lanthanum-nickel alloy
2200:, and iron), a highly
1705:Category:Nickel alloys
1651:complex metallic alloy
1415:Marine grade stainless
397:(chromium, molybdenum)
1649:(Bergman phase) is a
1086:Most iron alloys are
2886:Haynes International
1127:Category:Ferroalloys
977:See also notes below
948:(aluminium, gallium)
545:, aluminum or other
273:(lead, tin, cadmium)
67:, replacing AA-1350.
44:Alloys by base metal
2972:1996FlPEq.116..225M
2768:High-entropy alloys
2184:rare earth elements
2130:Plutonium–zirconium
1682:Amalgam (chemistry)
2893:on October 5, 2016
2851:2014-02-05 at the
2174:Rare earth element
1956:shape memory alloy
1726:); used in magnets
450:Brass §Brass types
95:Aluminium–Scandium
3001:"Retired Product"
2943:978-0-87170-691-1
2375:Platinum sterling
2226:Neodymium magnets
2118:Plutonium–gallium
765:Corinthian bronze
611:Florentine bronze
16:(Redirected from
3033:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2966:(1–2): 225–236.
2951:
2945:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2889:. Archived from
2877:
2871:
2862:
2856:
2840:
2823:
2800:
2673:Mulberry (alloy)
2645:depleted uranium
2508:Titanium carbide
2488:Titanium nitride
2478:Titanium hydride
2313:Britannia silver
2275:Pseudo palladium
2242:Scandium hydride
2202:magnetostrictive
2111:Plutonium–cerium
2088:Platinum-iridium
1516:Weathering steel
1344:High-speed steel
992:(silver, copper)
986:(silver, copper)
913:Tellurium copper
563:Arsenical bronze
553:Aluminium bronze
424:Beryllium copper
414:Arsenical copper
290:Chromium hydride
21:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2863:
2859:
2853:Wayback Machine
2841:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2729:
2696:
2690:
2663:Uranium hydride
2637:
2631:
2522:
2516:
2424:
2418:
2395:Sterling silver
2290:
2284:
2271:
2265:
2176:
2170:
2143:
2137:
2102:
2096:
2084:
2078:
2027:Stainless steel
1707:
1701:
1684:
1678:
1665:
1659:
1619:
1617:Magnesium alloy
1613:
1562:
1556:
1386:Stainless steel
1299:Category:Steels
1168:Ferrophosphorus
1158:Ferromolybdenum
1084:
1078:
1062:Main articles:
1060:
1043:
1037:
973:
967:
942:
936:
823:Devarda's alloy
755:Copper–tungsten
667:Phosphor bronze
452:for longer list
410:
404:
329:
323:
286:
280:
233:
227:
214:
208:
201:
123:Devarda's alloy
57:
55:Aluminium alloy
51:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3039:
3037:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2992:
2946:
2930:
2916:
2904:
2872:
2864:Hausner(1965)
2857:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2802:The purity of
2794:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2692:Main article:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2670:
2660:
2633:Main article:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2601:
2587:
2569:
2555:
2541:
2518:Main article:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2453:
2439:
2422:Titanium alloy
2420:Main article:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2405:Tibetan silver
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2358:
2348:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2286:Main article:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2267:Main article:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2223:
2209:
2187:
2172:Main article:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2139:Main article:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2098:Main article:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2080:Main article:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2024:
2017:Nickel hydride
1996:
1986:
1972:
1959:
1945:
1935:
1917:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1861:
1843:
1829:
1811:
1797:
1787:
1773:
1763:
1745:
1727:
1713:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1680:Main article:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1661:Main article:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1635:
1625:
1615:Main article:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1566:Molybdochalkos
1558:Main article:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1455:
1437:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1363:
1361:Maraging steel
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1339:Hadfield steel
1336:
1331:
1329:Damascus steel
1326:
1324:Crucible steel
1321:
1307:
1288:
1278:
1260:
1246:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Ferromanganese
1150:
1148:Ferromagnesium
1145:
1140:
1135:
1120:
1106:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1015:
1009:
999:
993:
987:
980:
979:
969:Main article:
966:
963:
962:
961:
955:
949:
938:Main article:
935:
932:
931:
930:
920:
910:
900:
882:
872:
862:
848:
834:
820:
810:
800:
790:
776:
762:
752:
745:Copper hydride
742:
732:
731:
730:
716:
709:Speculum metal
706:
691:Silicon bronze
688:
678:
664:
650:
636:
622:
608:
594:
587:Bismuth bronze
584:
574:
560:
536:
535:
534:
524:
517:Prince's metal
514:
504:
494:
484:
474:
467:Chinese silver
464:
457:Calamine brass
437:
427:
421:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
399:
398:
392:
378:
372:
354:
336:
325:Main article:
322:
319:
318:
317:
307:
297:
282:Main article:
279:
276:
275:
274:
268:
262:
244:
229:Main article:
226:
223:
222:
221:
210:Main article:
207:
204:
199:
189:
188:
182:
168:
158:
152:
146:
136:
126:
120:
102:
92:
78:
68:
53:Main article:
50:
47:
45:
42:
31:list of named
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3038:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:Heusler alloy
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:Electroplated
2716:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:Queen's metal
2570:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:Titanium gold
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:Nickel-carbon
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:German silver
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:('Cor-ten') (
1517:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:Silicon steel
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:Ferrovanadium
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Ferrotitanium
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1047:Field's metal
1045:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
975:
974:
972:
964:
960:(indium, tin)
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
941:
933:
928:
924:
921:
918:
914:
911:
908:
904:
901:
898:
894:
890:
886:
883:
880:
876:
875:Nickel silver
873:
870:
866:
863:
860:
856:
852:
849:
846:
842:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:Cymbal alloys
811:
808:
804:
801:
798:
794:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
766:
763:
760:
756:
753:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
728:
724:
720:
717:
714:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
654:
651:
648:
644:
640:
637:
634:
630:
626:
623:
620:
616:
612:
609:
606:
602:
598:
595:
592:
588:
585:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:
550:
548:
544:
540:
537:
532:
528:
525:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
505:
502:
498:
495:
492:
488:
487:Gilding metal
485:
482:
478:
475:
472:
468:
465:
462:
458:
455:
454:
453:
451:
445:
441:
438:
435:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
411:
409:
401:
396:
393:
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
334:
331:
330:
328:
320:
315:
311:
308:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
288:
287:
285:
277:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
238:
235:
234:
232:
224:
219:
216:
215:
213:
205:
203:
197:
193:
186:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
58:
56:
48:
43:
41:
39:
35:
34:
27:
19:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2963:
2959:
2949:
2933:
2919:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:the original
2884:
2875:
2866:
2860:
2844:
2838:
2798:
2655:). See also
2323:Doré bullion
1824:, sometimes
1492:Silver steel
1424:Alloy 28 or
1381:Spring steel
1366:Reynolds 531
1349:Mushet steel
1263:Spiegeleisen
1225:Iron hydride
1183:Ferrouranium
1173:Ferrosilicon
1085:
1076:Carbon steel
1072:Steel grades
984:Colored gold
976:
719:White bronze
447:
408:Copper alloy
327:Cobalt alloy
271:Wood's metal
190:
30:
28:
26:
18:Nickel alloy
2721:zinc alloys
2614:White metal
2212:Ferrocerium
2168:Rare earths
2061:Coin silver
1989:Supermalloy
1864:Monel metal
1790:Ferronickel
1776:Cupronickel
1760:rare earths
1546:Wootz steel
1305:Bulat steel
1163:Ferronickel
1143:Ferrochrome
1138:Ferrocerium
1123:Ferroalloys
885:Nordic gold
793:Cupronickel
497:Muntz metal
477:Dutch metal
383:(chromium,
310:Ferrochrome
267:(lead, tin)
194:also forms
149:Hydronalium
105:Birmabright
3015:Categories
2897:October 4,
2830:References
2694:Zinc alloy
2653:molybdenum
2544:Britannium
2198:dysprosium
2190:Terfenol-D
2180:Mischmetal
2105:Plutonium–
2051:phosphorus
2035:molybdenum
1993:molybdenum
1983:molybdenum
1854:molybdenum
1818:molybdenum
1703:See also:
1693:Ashtadhatu
1596:Type metal
1478:Tool steel
1470:molybdenum
1448:molybdenum
1426:Sanicro 28
1410:Celestrium
1356:HSLA steel
1318:molybdenum
1133:Ferroboron
1080:See also:
1024:White gold
990:Crown gold
971:Gold alloy
735:Constantan
675:phosphorus
577:Bell metal
351:molybdenum
265:Rose metal
139:Hiduminium
117:Land Rover
29:This is a
2820:fine gold
2783:Pot metal
2762:palladium
2754:manganese
2708:magnesium
2704:aluminium
2681:zirconium
2641:Staballoy
2468:zirconium
2456:Gum metal
2452:, others)
2432:aluminium
2385:Shibuichi
2302:germanium
2182:(various
2141:Potassium
2135:Potassium
2107:aluminium
2100:Plutonium
2094:Plutonium
2043:manganese
2011:manganese
1975:Permalloy
1914:magnesium
1876:manganese
1814:Hastelloy
1748:Brightray
1738:aluminium
1734:manganese
1720:aluminium
1711:Alloy 230
1663:Manganese
1657:Manganese
1632:aluminium
1611:Magnesium
1524:manganese
1500:manganese
1496:Drill rod
1486:manganese
1458:Zeron 100
1281:Staballoy
1267:manganese
1243:aluminium
1241:, 4–7.5%
1205:Cast iron
1028:palladium
1026:(nickel,
1012:Rose gold
958:Galinstan
917:tellurium
889:aluminium
855:manganese
837:Hepatizon
827:aluminium
629:beryllium
615:aluminium
507:Pinchbeck
448:see also
395:Vitallium
339:Megallium
247:Cerrosafe
241:manganese
218:Lockalloy
212:beryllium
206:Beryllium
192:Aluminium
165:magnesium
161:Magnalium
129:Duralumin
113:manganese
109:magnesium
49:Aluminium
2849:Archived
2727:See also
2667:hydrogen
2649:titanium
2598:antimony
2576:antimony
2562:antimony
2552:antimony
2534:antimony
2492:nitrogen
2482:hydrogen
2464:tantalum
2450:chromium
2446:vanadium
2436:vanadium
2416:Titanium
2379:platinum
2351:Electrum
2333:Dymalloy
2246:hydrogen
2206:SoundBug
2082:Platinum
2076:Platinum
2031:chromium
2021:hydrogen
1965:Mu-metal
1952:titanium
1932:titanium
1924:chromium
1906:chromium
1902:Nicrosil
1886:chromium
1882:Nichrome
1858:tungsten
1850:chromium
1836:chromium
1826:tungsten
1822:chromium
1770:chromium
1752:chromium
1623:Elektron
1604:antimony
1536:vanadium
1528:chromium
1504:chromium
1482:tungsten
1462:chromium
1444:chromium
1434:chromium
1405:Alloy 20
1390:chromium
1314:chromium
1310:Chromoly
1239:chromium
1237:(20–30%
1229:hydrogen
1215:Pig iron
1103:chromium
1020:(copper)
1014:(copper)
998:(silver)
996:Electrum
952:Galfenol
865:Melchior
851:Manganin
759:tungsten
749:hydrogen
653:Gunmetal
625:Glucydur
557:aluminum
375:Talonite
365:tungsten
361:chromium
357:Stellite
347:chromium
300:Nichrome
294:hydrogen
284:Chromium
278:Chromium
237:Bismanol
179:aluminum
175:titanium
171:Ni-Ti-Al
99:scandium
2985:11 July
2968:Bibcode
2677:niobium
2635:Uranium
2629:Uranium
2584:bismuth
2526:Babbitt
2460:niobium
2345:diamond
2269:Rhodium
2263:Rhodium
2194:terbium
2161:lithium
2122:gallium
2055:silicon
2047:sulphur
1948:Nitinol
1942:silicon
1920:Nimonic
1910:silicon
1846:Inconel
1832:Inconel
1766:Chromel
1742:silicon
1688:Amalgam
1676:Mercury
1520:silicon
1508:silicon
1375:silicon
1285:Uranium
1275:silicon
1235:Kanthal
1109:Fernico
1095:Elinvar
1051:bismuth
1018:Tumbaga
1006:rhodium
1002:Rhodite
940:Gallium
934:Gallium
923:Tumbaga
903:Shakudo
703:silicon
699:arsenic
597:Brastil
591:bismuth
567:arsenic
547:element
418:arsenic
381:Ultimet
333:Elgiloy
259:cadmium
231:Bismuth
225:Bismuth
185:Y alloy
163:(5-50%
75:lithium
73:(2.45%
61:AA-8000
3021:Alloys
2941:
2808:karats
2758:nickel
2746:cobalt
2742:copper
2712:copper
2618:copper
2590:Solder
2582:, and
2566:copper
2558:Pewter
2548:copper
2530:copper
2472:oxygen
2442:Beta C
2428:6al–4v
2409:copper
2399:copper
2389:copper
2365:copper
2361:Goloid
2337:copper
2317:copper
2308:Billon
2298:copper
2288:Silver
2282:Silver
2256:nickel
2236:cobalt
2216:cerium
2208:device
2151:sodium
2065:nickel
2039:carbon
2003:copper
1928:cobalt
1896:carbon
1868:copper
1804:copper
1784:copper
1780:bronze
1730:Alumel
1724:cobalt
1716:Alnico
1699:Nickel
1630:(0.8%
1628:Magnox
1576:Solder
1570:copper
1540:nickel
1532:copper
1466:nickel
1452:nickel
1430:nickel
1400:AL-6XN
1394:nickel
1295:carbon
1271:carbon
1257:cobalt
1253:nickel
1219:carbon
1209:carbon
1199:nickel
1117:cobalt
1113:nickel
1099:nickel
1088:steels
1074:, and
1053:, tin)
1041:Indium
1035:Indium
954:(iron)
879:nickel
869:nickel
859:nickel
845:silver
807:silver
797:nickel
783:nickel
779:Cunife
773:silver
739:nickel
681:Ormolu
647:silver
639:GuanĂn
605:bronze
539:Bronze
527:Tombac
434:silver
430:Billon
402:Copper
385:nickel
369:carbon
343:cobalt
321:Cobalt
304:nickel
155:Italma
133:copper
89:cobalt
85:nickel
81:Alnico
33:alloys
2812:ratio
2790:Notes
2700:Zamak
2604:Terne
2343:with
1999:Brass
1938:Nisil
1848:686 (
1750:(20%
1586:Terne
1334:Ducol
1291:Steel
1287:below
1249:Kovar
1195:Invar
1068:Steel
803:CuSil
601:alloy
440:Brass
177:40%,
119:cars.
71:Al–Li
38:metal
2987:2022
2939:ISBN
2899:2016
2816:mass
2804:gold
2750:iron
2688:Zinc
2657:Iron
2622:lead
2608:lead
2594:lead
2580:lead
2538:lead
2502:gold
2369:gold
2355:gold
2327:gold
2232:SmCo
2220:iron
2007:zinc
1979:iron
1969:iron
1872:iron
1840:iron
1808:zinc
1794:iron
1756:iron
1560:Lead
1554:Lead
1494:(US:
1064:Iron
1058:Iron
965:Gold
946:AlGa
927:gold
907:gold
893:zinc
841:gold
831:zinc
787:iron
769:gold
727:zinc
685:zinc
673:and
661:zinc
643:gold
633:iron
531:zinc
521:zinc
511:zinc
501:zinc
491:zinc
481:zinc
471:zinc
461:zinc
444:zinc
389:iron
314:iron
251:lead
202:Mn.
143:iron
2976:doi
2964:116
2760:or
2651:or
2620:or
2616:, (
2520:Tin
2514:Tin
2157:KLi
2147:NaK
1600:tin
1590:tin
1580:tin
1498:) (
1484:or
1297:) (
897:tin
817:tin
723:tin
713:tin
695:tin
671:tin
657:tin
619:tin
617:or
581:tin
571:tin
543:tin
255:tin
3017::
2974:.
2962:.
2958:.
2883:.
2756:,
2752:,
2748:,
2744:,
2710:,
2706:,
2679:,
2596:,
2578:,
2564:,
2550:,
2536:,
2532:,
2470:,
2466:,
2462:,
2448:,
2434:,
2367:,
2339:,
2300:,
2218:,
2196:,
2053:,
2049:,
2045:,
2041:,
2037:,
2033:,
2013:)
2009:,
2005:,
1981:,
1954:,
1930:,
1926:,
1912:,
1908:,
1874:,
1870:,
1856:,
1852:,
1838:,
1820:,
1806:,
1782:,
1758:,
1754:,
1740:,
1736:,
1722:,
1647:Zn
1643:Al
1639:Mg
1637:T-
1602:,
1538:,
1534:,
1530:,
1526:,
1522:,
1506:,
1502:,
1488:)
1468:,
1464:,
1450:,
1446:,
1432:,
1396:)
1392:,
1316:,
1301:)
1273:,
1269:,
1255:,
1129:)
1115:,
1101:,
1070:,
1066:,
895:,
891:,
857:,
843:,
829:,
785:,
771:,
725:,
701:,
697:,
659:,
631:,
603:,
569:,
549:)
446:)
387:,
367:,
363:,
349:,
345:,
257:,
253:,
111:,
87:,
3003:.
2989:.
2978::
2970::
2927:.
2901:.
2764:)
2714:)
2702:(
2683:)
2675:(
2669:)
2665:(
2643:(
2610:)
2606:(
2600:)
2592:(
2586:)
2574:(
2568:)
2560:(
2554:)
2546:(
2528:(
2504:)
2500:(
2494:)
2490:(
2484:)
2480:(
2458:(
2444:(
2438:)
2430:(
2411:)
2407:(
2401:)
2397:(
2391:)
2387:(
2381:)
2377:(
2371:)
2363:(
2357:)
2353:(
2347:)
2335:(
2329:)
2325:(
2319:)
2315:(
2304:)
2296:(
2258:)
2254:(
2248:)
2244:(
2234:(
2222:)
2214:(
2192:(
2186:)
2163:)
2159:(
2153:)
2149:(
2124:)
2120:(
2067:)
2063:(
2057:)
2029:(
2023:)
2019:(
2001:(
1995:)
1991:(
1985:)
1977:(
1971:)
1967:(
1958:)
1950:(
1944:)
1940:(
1922:(
1916:)
1904:(
1898:)
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