434:
1008:". Starting in the following decade, colleges struggled with attempts to teach material about the slur in a sensitive manner. In 2012, a sixth grade Chicago teacher Lincoln Brown was suspended after repeating the contents of a racially charged note being passed around in class. Brown later filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the headmaster and the Chicago public schools. A New Orleans high school also experienced controversy in 2017. Such increased attention prompted Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor, the daughter of
719:
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1689:
911:. The novel is written from the point of view, and largely in the language, of an uneducated white boy, who is drifting down the Mississippi River on a raft with an adult escaped slave, Jim. The word "nigger" is used (mostly about Jim) over 200 times. Twain's advocates note that the novel is composed in then-contemporary vernacular usage, not racist stereotype, because Jim, the black man, is a sympathetic character.
1073:
or reading a script). There is not a way to neutralize the emotion and history behind the word in any context. The use of the phrase 'N-word' was created as a euphemism, and the norm, with the intention of providing an acceptable replacement and moving people away from using the specific word. When a person violates this norm, it creates resentment, intense frustration, and great offense for many.
1158:. In 2022, in explaining why the employee did not receive any jail time, Grayson Kamm, a spokesman for Hillsborough State Attorney Andrew Warren, said "Two of the primary factors were the aggressive approach the victim took toward the defendant and everyone working with the defendant, and that the victim repeatedly used possibly the most aggressive and offensive term in the English language."
1889:
872:
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appeared for the first time in a book published in 1771. The use of the
Finnish equivalent ('neekeri') began in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, it was commonly used and generally not yet considered derogatory, although a few instances of it being considered to be so have been documented since
1949:
but do not necessarily mean the same. In some of these languages, the words refer to the color black in general and are not specifically used to refer to black people. When used to refer to black people, these words have acquired varying degrees of offensiveness, ranging from completely neutral (as
1357:
suggested that it continues to be unacceptable for non-blacks to utter while singing or rapping along to hip-hop, and that by being so restrained it gives white
Americans (specifically) an impression of what it is like to not be entitled to "do anything they please, anywhere". A concern often raised
1258:
In many
African-American neighborhoods, nigga is simply the most common term used to refer to any male, of any race or ethnicity. Increasingly, the term has been applied to any person, male or female. "Where y'all niggas goin?" is said with no self-consciousness or animosity to a group of women, for
1846:
For reasons common to the slave condition all slave classes displayed a lack of industrial initiative and produced the famous Lazy Nigger, who under
Russian serfdom and elsewhere was white. Just as not all Blacks, even under the most degrading forms of slavery, consented to become niggers, so by no
1291:
1). Here the word evokes a sense of community and oneness among Black people. Many teens I interviewed felt the word had no power when used amongst friends, but when used among white people the word took on a completely different meaning. In fact, comedian Alex Thomas on BET stated, "I still better
1178:
Black listeners often react to the term differently, depending on whether it is used by white speakers or by black speakers. In the former case, it is regularly understood as insensitive or insulting; in the latter, it may carry notes of in-group disparagement, or it may be understood as neutral or
1072:
in popular media like music and film have created some confusion as to whether or not there is ever a time when the use of the N-word is acceptable. For non-Black people, the word should not be spoken as there is almost no context in which it is appropriate or constructive (even when singing a song
453:
During the late 18th and early 19th century, the word "nigger" also described an actual labor category, which
African American laborers adopted for themselves as a social identity, and thus white people used the descriptor word as a distancing or derogatory epithet, as if "quoting black people" and
595:
to "others than full or partial negroes" is "felt as an insult by the person described, & betrays in the speaker, if not deliberate insolence, at least a very arrogant inhumanity"; but the second edition (1965) states "N. has been described as 'the term that carries with it all the obloquy and
478:
illustrates the word in spoken form—the speaker here referring to himself: "Travler, marm, this niggur's no travler; I ar' a trapper, marm, a mountain-man, wagh!" It was not used as a term exclusively for blacks among mountain men during this period, as
Indians, Mexicans, and Frenchmen and Anglos
1119:
news, with the agreement of victim and family, mentioned the slur when reporting on a physical and verbal assault on the black NHS worker and musician K-Dogg. Within the week the BBC received over 18,600 complaints, the black radio host David
Whitely resigned in protest, and the BBC apologized.
698:
Surveys from 2006 showed that the
American public widely perceived usage of the term to be wrong or unacceptable, but that nearly half of whites and two-thirds of blacks knew someone personally who referred to blacks by the term. Nearly one-third of whites and two-thirds of blacks said they had
986:
Of course, no one considered himself a nigger. It was always something you called someone who could be considered anything less than you. I soon found out there were a few black families living in Old Colony. They'd lived there for years and everyone said that they were okay, that they weren't
987:
niggers but just black. It felt good to all of us to not be as bad as the hopeless people in D Street or, God forbid, the ones in
Columbia Point, who were both black and niggers. But now I was jealous of the kids in Old Harbor Project down the road, which seemed like a step up from Old Colony
186:
writes that "this word is one of the most controversial in
English, and is liable to be considered offensive or taboo in almost all contexts (even when used as a self-description)". Intra-group usage has been criticized by some contemporary Black American authors, a group of them (the
1822:
defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race... His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of
238:) or "any person whose behavior is regarded as reprehensible". In some cases, with awareness of the word's offensive connotation, but without intention to cause offense, it can refer to a "victim of prejudice likened to that endured by African Americans" (as in
3305:
555:
513:, emphasizing that it was chosen in the South precisely because it was more offensive than "colored" or "negro". By the turn of the century, "colored" had become sufficiently mainstream that it was chosen as the racial self-identifier for the
517:(NAACP). In 2008 Carla Sims, its communications director, said "the term 'colored' is not derogatory, chose the word 'colored' because it was the most positive description commonly used . It's outdated and antiquated but not offensive."
833:
came under intense scrutiny for his conduct in 2008, he deviated from an address to the city council, saying, "In the past 30 days, I've been called a nigger more than any time in my entire life." Opponents accused him of "playing the
3294:
1343:
came back from Africa, and decided to stop using the word onstage, he would sometimes start to slip up, because he was so used to speaking that way. It was the right word at the moment to keep the rhythm together in his sentence
157:
from the mid-18th century onward, and "degenerated into an overt slur" by the middle of the 19th century. Some authors still used the term in a neutral sense up until the later part of the 20th century, at which point the use of
169:
has historically "wreaked symbolic violence, often accompanied by physical violence", it began to disappear from general popular culture from the second part of the 20th century onward, with the exception of cases derived from
1043:
after students protested his utterance of "nigger" and a professor at DePaul had his law course cancelled after 80% of the enrolled students transferred out. Instead of pursuing disciplinary action, a student at the
4198:
2154:. The first one is the most historically attested and was the most commonly used until the 1960s as an equivalent of the English word "negro". It was gradually felt as offensive during the 1970s and replaced with
1358:
is whether frequent exposure will inevitably lead to a dilution of the extremely negative perception of the word among the majority of non-black Americans who currently consider its use unacceptable and shocking.
4324:
3302:
3423:
1724:, used the word as a metaphor for what he saw as the role forced on students. Farber had been, at the time, frequently arrested as a civil rights activist while beginning his career as a literature professor.
4262:
1114:
was suspended and replaced with a guest host after she attended a meeting on racial justice and, in the process of quoting a journalist, used "a word that no-one like me should ever use". In August 2020,
610:
view its use as offensive; one says "I'm really not such an idiot that I don't realize that if a man calls me a nigger, it's his fault the first time, but mine if he has the opportunity to do it again."
4229:
4534:
4806:
1131:
punched a 77-year-old white customer after the customer had repeatedly called the employee a nigger. The customer fell to the floor and hit his head. Three days later, he died, having suffered a
3919:
1353:
In the 2010s, "nigger" in its various forms saw use with increasing frequency by African Americans amongst themselves or in self-expression, the most common swear word in hip hop music lyrics.
826:
consideration every song whose lyrics contain the word; however, Ron Roecker, vice president of communication for the Recording Academy, doubted it will have any effect on actual nominations.
5537:
514:
5464:
4477:
3958:
4094:
5494:
1808:". The slur usually remains uncensored on radio stations, but Costello's usage of the word came under scrutiny, particularly after he used racial slurs during a drunken argument with
4148:
3753:
1708:
also include non-black/non-white and other disadvantaged people. Some of these terms are self-chosen, to identify with the oppression and resistance of black Americans; others are
551:; the original had been called "the ugliest conceivable title" in a British review and American reviewers understood the change as reflecting American "refinement" and "prudery."
4859:
2042:
the 1950s; by the mid-1990s the word was considered racist, especially in the metropolitan area and among the younger population. It has since then usually been replaced by the
3089:
1239:. As of 2001, trends indicated that usage of the term in intragroup settings is increasing even amongst white youth, due to the popularity of rap and hip hop culture. Linguist
3880:
4560:
4040:
1527:
refused to say the actual word, calling it "the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language". Media personnel who reported on Fuhrman's testimony substituted
1068:, fired his chief communications officer, Jonathan Friedland, for using the word twice during internal discussions about sensitive words. In explaining why, Hastings wrote:
4194:
2406:
Whether this usage is considered acceptable may depend on a sense of the speaker's in-group belonging, as judged by the speaker him- or herself, the listener(s), or others.
4293:
3669:
4316:
3453:
1247:
is always a slur, arguing that it is also used as a marker of camaraderie and friendship, comparable to the British and Australian term "mate" or the American "buddy".
893:
in older literature has become controversial because of the word's modern meaning as a racist insult. One of the most enduring controversies has been the word's use in
5797:
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4253:
4450:
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751:
5003:
1482:], his voice trembling, added that the "N-word" was so vile he would not utter it. "It's the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language."
5110:
5044:
4221:
4067:
3024:
2558:
2046:'musta' ('black '). In a survey conducted in 2000, Finnish respondents considered the term 'Neekeri' to be among the most offensive of minority designations.
4530:
4117:
4798:
4608:
Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s).
8552:
4419:
2344:
5786:
The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: A Textbook/Workbook for Thought, Speech, and/or Action, for Victims of Racism (white supremacy)
4013:
2761:
4828:
3911:
3059:
2435:
864:. Magazines and newspapers typically do not use this word but instead print censored versions such as "n*gg*r", "n**ger", "n——" or "the N-word"; see
3837:
727:
5529:
8567:
8056:
5472:
4358:
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1081:
turned down a job after his human resources department took issue with him using the word to describe racism that he experienced as a black man.
5210:
3942:
5941:
5688:
5229:
2362:
1649:
337:) was a word for a dark-skinned individual. The earliest known published use of the term dates from 1574, in a work alluding to "the Nigers of
4090:
2264:) has been commonly used as neutral word to describe black people until recent years. It can also be used as a synonym for underpaid worker, "
6264:
6244:
6220:
5910:
5849:
5830:
5807:
5600:
5511:
5366:
4966:
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4171:
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3136:
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2721:
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2617:
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1028:
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587:
442:
807:(1968), about the front-line lot of the U.S. Army black soldier in combat in Vietnam. An Ali biographer reports that, when interviewed by
560:
543:
3612:
2688:
195:), which they see as contributing to the "construction of an identity founded on self-hate". In wider society, the inclusion of the word
8042:
4655:
2727:
1739:
1399:, as a descriptive term (lit. 'black person's head'). It also is or was a colloquial technical term in industry, mining, and seafaring.
596:
contempt and rejection which whites have inflicted on blacks'". The quoted formula goes back to the writings of the American journalist
5442:
4851:
1035:
all suspended professors in 2019 over referring to the word "nigger" by name in classroom settings. In two other cases, a professor at
6228:
6180:
5192:
1863:
1767:—about the worldwide phenomenon of discrimination against women—which was socially and politically controversial to US sensibilities.
1004:
English professor Neal A. Lester created what has been called "the first ever college-level class designed to explore the word 'nigger
205:
1664:
offered to reinstate Howard to his former position. Howard refused reinstatement but took a job elsewhere in the mayor's government.
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7698:
7682:
7331:
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5959:
5405:
5339:
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1928:
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and taken as offensive. In January 1999, David Howard, a white Washington, D.C., city employee, was compelled to resign after using
1415:
960:
940:" that results from the book's being removed from school curricula over language concerns. The changes sparked outrage from critics
792:
498:
179:
4556:
4036:
3783:
6214:
2467:
1764:
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music cultures and is used as part of an in-group lexicon and speech. It is not necessarily derogatory and is often used to mean
385:
243:
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4285:
3665:
8547:
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2375:
766:
8195:
8121:
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1910:
1838:
perspective to the study of power, class, and relations between planters and slaves in the South, uses the word pointedly in
1272:
899:
881:
755:
632:
4921:
3492:
3445:
3014:"A new version of an old song. Illustrating the growth of Public Sentiment [Old John Brown, he had a little nigger]"
1660:—in a financial context—while speaking with black colleagues, who took umbrage. After reviewing the misunderstanding, Mayor
4442:
3731:
5822:
5614:
4958:
2907:
2081:
1516:
1103:
708:
5718:
4743:
3821:
3666:"Res. No. 693-A – Resolution declaring the NYC Council's symbolic moratorium against using the "N" word in New York City"
2962:
6711:
6669:
3854:
908:
5077:
4721:
4384:
433:
105:
6950:
5981:
5411:
5372:
232:
has also been historically used to designate "any person considered to be of low social status" (as in the expression
143:(), meaning "black". It was initially seen as a relatively neutral term, essentially synonymous with the English word
5567:
4995:
4507:
3269:
8557:
7926:
5934:
5100:
4063:
3449:
3240:
3189:
1675:
1423:, records the usages of both "nigger" and the similar-sounding word "niggard" denoting a false bottom for a grate.
975:
747:
494:
109:
5334:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. pp. 170, 365.
5026:
3359:
3013:
2550:
1263:
is evaluatively neutral in terms of its inherent meaning; it may express positive, neutral, or negative attitudes;
1000:
The word's usage in literature has led to it being a point of discussion in university lectures as well. In 2008,
7305:
7121:
6934:
6530:
5658:
4582:
Brontsema, Robin (June 1, 2004). "A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation".
3980:
2891:
1508:
971:
847:
483:
342:
183:
1444:('White' + 'nigger') denotes a white person emulating "street Black behavior", hoping to gain acceptance to the
8532:
8466:
5902:
1729:
1335:, then the rhythmic presentation is off. That rhythmic language is a form of historical memory for Black people
1001:
506:
455:
127:
4415:
2753:
5495:"Tabela 1.2 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situação do domicílio e o sexo – Brasil – 2009"
4009:
3692:
7247:
7136:
7114:
6818:
6248:
6224:
6059:
1906:
1899:
1549:
525:
59:
55:
3051:
2427:
1674:
is the Spanish word for black, and is commonly a part of place names and proper names, particularly in the
8562:
8169:
7274:
6729:
3381:
2840:
1851:
1580:
1576:
1407:", a US slave-era phrase denoting escaped slaves hiding in train-transported woodpiles. In the 1840s, the
1404:
1376:
1240:
1173:
459:
171:
3834:
1743:
8101:
6859:
5927:
2784:
2215:
1720:
1045:
815:
615:
393:
4350:
5749:
5207:
2326:
is a word for "black" but it is being used in a derogatory manner in a similar way as the word nigger.
718:
626:
as mainstream American English usage to denote black-skinned Americans of African ancestry. President
7354:
6800:
6489:
6094:
6016:
5950:
2349:
2339:
1036:
762:
150:
5680:
5530:"G1 > Edição Rio de Janeiro – NOTÍCIAS – Sou incapaz de qualquer atitude racista, diz procurador"
5226:
2908:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North"
2864:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North"
1867:
as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that
7942:
7803:
7528:
6155:
5105:
4663:
3559:
The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past
2193:
1735:
1661:
1309:
1107:
1086:
1024:
949:
5595:. Skvort︠s︡ov, Lev Ivanovich., Скворцов, Лев Иванович (28-e izd., ispravlennoe ed.). Moskva.
5515:
3881:"'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' – Removing the N Word from Huck Finn: Top 10 Censored Books"
1319:
There's a certain rhythmic seduction to the word. If you speak in a sentence, and you have to say
982:
used this meaning to degrade the people considered to be of lower status, whether white or black.
738:. "Seymour friends meet here" in the background is a reference to the Democratic Party candidate:
8352:
7374:
5876:
5630:
5148:
5031:
4954:
3351:
3232:
3181:
2883:
2531:
1968:
1793:
1751:
1693:
1524:
1489:
1479:
1276:
822:; however, there is no penalty for using it. This formal resolution also requests excluding from
758:
389:
7315:
5592:
Tolkovyĭ slovarʹ russkogo i︠a︡zyka: okolo 100 000 slov, terminov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazheniĭ
4685:
Allan, Keith (November 2015). "When is a slur not a slur? The use of nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".
1375:
Anti-abolitionist cartoon from the 1860 presidential campaign illustrating colloquial usage of "
941:
182:
describes the term as "perhaps the most offensive and inflammatory racial slur in English". The
2506:
Rahman, Jacquelyn (2012). "The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community".
7452:
6653:
5906:
5845:
5826:
5803:
5606:
5596:
5401:
5362:
5335:
5188:
5036:
4962:
4911:
4599:
3988:
3948:
3602:
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3563:
3557:
3524:
3482:
3343:
3224:
3173:
3142:
3132:
2942:
2794:
2717:
2678:
2672:
2653:
2613:
2588:
2523:
2235:
1942:
1409:
1128:
726:, arguing the reason Democrats objected to African-Americans having the vote was that, in the
619:
274:
210:
175:
4948:
3518:
3112:
2788:
2711:
1016:, to give a talk opining that the word was leading to a "social crisis" in higher education.
8217:
8201:
7688:
7558:
7542:
6786:
6108:
6043:
5868:
5434:
5140:
4794:
4694:
4591:
3393:
3335:
3124:
3018:
2875:
2645:
2515:
2319:
2307:
2247:
2133:
2127:
2038:
2028:
1958:
1951:
1805:
1667:
1614:
1589:
1427:
1371:
1354:
1084:
While defending Laurie Sheck, a professor who was cleared of ethical violations for quoting
1020:
830:
777:
769:
731:
650:
627:
597:
438:
369:
353:
221:
116:
is also used casually and fraternally among African Americans, most commonly in the form of
68:
3635:
1235:
by mixed-race individuals is still largely considered taboo, albeit not as inflammatory as
479:
alike could be a "niggur". "The noun slipped back and forth from derogatory to endearing."
8452:
8390:
7602:
7071:
7048:
5793:
5283:
5233:
5214:
5132:
4557:"Florida Dunkin' employee is sentenced for fatally punching customer who used racist slur"
3841:
3514:
3309:
3273:
2749:
2087:
2049:
1831:
1813:
1458:
1219:
is still debated, although it has established a foothold amongst younger generations. The
1180:
1151:
1136:
1032:
945:
853:
781:
739:
735:
654:
605:
578:
530:
365:
8185:
3213:"The Critical Reception of the First American Edition of "The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'""
1052:
class presentation which argued that her use of the word in a lecture was not justified.
4118:"The original Emory Law School N-word using professor faces hearing on his future today"
3791:
2989:
2080:. The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana
1827:, and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt".
1296:... I hear a white boy say that to me, it means 'White boy, you gonna get your ass beat.
765:—an African-American presidential advisor—as a guest. The poem reappeared in 1929 after
8442:
8231:
8211:
8091:
8062:
8035:
7865:
7855:
7718:
7672:
7289:
7263:
7166:
6957:
6617:
6411:
6334:
6302:
6052:
4632:
4416:"Western University professor apologizes after student calls out his use of the n-word"
4380:
4254:"College student delivers presentation to call out professor for using n-word in class"
4222:"Professor formerly under fire for use of 'N-word' in teaching exercise back at DePaul"
3726:
3036:
2636:
Allan, Keith (2015). "When is a Slur Not a Slur? The Use of Nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".
2111:
1998:
1809:
1797:
1688:
1639:
1132:
1124:
1095:
956:
915:
808:
773:
658:
381:
5394:
Pietikäinen, Sari (2002). "Etniset vähemmistöt uutisissa". In Raittila, Pentti (ed.).
5358:
Rasismi lasten ja nuorten arjessa: Transnationaalit juuret ja monikulttuuristuva Suomi
5252:
2836:
The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States
458:, the word was spelled "niggur", and is often recorded in the literature of the time.
8526:
8373:
8265:
8145:
7962:
7920:
7849:
7654:
7338:
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7024:
6496:
6397:
6369:
6288:
6199:
6148:
6101:
5247:
5185:
Green Egg Omelette: An Anthology of Art and Articles from the Legendary Pagan Journal
5168:
4346:
4317:"Read the Netflix CEO's excellent memo about firing an executive who used the N-word"
3128:
2887:
2826:
2535:
2276:) means ghostwriter. Nowadays, a black person would often be described neutrally as "
2253:
2227:
1818:
1595:
1519:—who denied using racist language on duty—impeached himself with his prolific use of
1453:
1431:
1340:
1099:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1013:
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662:
538:
534:
153:(16th–19th century) often conveyed a merely patronizing attitude. The word took on a
690:, without irony, either to neutralize the word's impact or as a sign of solidarity.
8301:
7344:
6878:
6868:
6807:
6697:
6517:
6390:
6279:
4933:
4907:
The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States
1801:
1715:
1512:
1420:
1155:
1144:
1140:
1111:
979:
933:
823:
803:
ever called me nigger." Later, his modified answer was the title of a documentary,
796:
788:. The identity of the author—who used the byline "unchained poet"—remains unknown.
601:
554:
463:
446:
414:
411:
407:
234:
215:
82:
7427:
5288:
4698:
2649:
642:
4905:
4474:"CBC host Wendy Mesley apologizes for using a certain word in discussion on race"
3476:
3397:
2991:
Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation
2007:('negro') used to be neutral, but many now consider it to be avoided in favor of
1781:, ethnic slurs against Native Americans, are examples of the racist extension of
8179:
7842:
7785:
7420:
7222:
7159:
7092:
7003:
6989:
6916:
6752:
6404:
6087:
3717:
2289:
2067:
1888:
1868:
1789:
1760:
1709:
1449:
1435:
1312:
1049:
1040:
811:
in 1966, the boxer actually said, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong."
723:
637:
636:(1785), but "black" had not been widely used until the later 20th century. (See
582:
467:
239:
78:
40:
4623:
1098:
wrote that efforts to condemn racist language by white Americans had undergone
8319:
8273:
8269:
8163:
7998:
7956:
7582:
7395:
7208:
6885:
6848:
6690:
6510:
6376:
6134:
6066:
5710:
5610:
4829:"Profanity in lyrics: most used swear words and their usage by popular genres"
4747:
4531:"Tampa Dunkin' case: A racial slur, a fatal punch and 2 years of house arrest"
4195:"Professor cancels course on hate speech amid contention over his use of slur"
2966:
2380:
2354:
1701:
1565:
1384:
894:
876:
676:, an early-1970s popular usage. Some Black Americans continue to use the word
670:
520:
357:
200:
154:
5040:
4603:
3347:
3228:
3177:
2657:
2527:
2519:
1275:, a cable network aimed at a Black audience, described the word nigger as a "
600:, who used it in several writings between 1963 and 1975. Black characters in
8345:
7965:
7895:
7819:
7666:
7612:
7504:
6780:
6355:
6308:
6169:
5988:
5067:
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1629:
1557:
1553:
1504:
835:
338:
139:
123:
90:
17:
5590:
5395:
5356:
4141:"Universities repeatedly discipline professors for referring to the n-word"
3146:
3123:(10). James R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition): 11,13,127,139,219.
722:
Historical American cartoon titled "Why the nigger is not fit to vote", by
5896:
5859:
Worth, Robert F. (Fall 1995). "Nigger Heaven and the Harlem Renaissance".
5559:
4499:
4091:"Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor says use of the N-word is causing social crisis"
3117:
Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
2879:
1593:(black henbane), and even for animals that are in fact not black, such as
1387:" or "nigger head" was used as a name for many sorts of things, including
8493:
8085:
7368:
7299:
7256:
6834:
6745:
6162:
6009:
5995:
5355:
Rastas, Anna (2007). "Neutraalisti rasistinen? Erään sanan politiikkaa".
5317:
5072:
4769:
3416:"Using the n-word is more common than you (or President Obama) may think"
3266:
2674:
Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language
2387:
2055:
2043:
1980:
1759:
said "woman is the nigger of the world;" three years later, her husband,
1756:
1584:
800:
191:) calling for the total abandonment of its usage (even under the variant
4852:"Ta-Nehisi Coates Gently Explains Why White People Can't Rap the N-Word"
4654:
Aldridge, Kevin; Thompson, Richelle; Winston, Earnest (August 5, 2001).
3236:
3212:
3185:
3161:
2914:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College: 203–245, especially 206 f.
1500:
8507:
8486:
8480:
8406:
8289:
8282:
8247:
8079:
8008:
7877:
7712:
7642:
7552:
7459:
7413:
6738:
6473:
6463:
6383:
6318:
6238:
6203:
6080:
5880:
5152:
4774:
4595:
3355:
3323:
1913: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1872:
1835:
1445:
1201:
1102:. Similar controversies outside the United States have occurred at the
1061:
490:
162:
became increasingly controversial regardless of its context or intent.
5650:
5135:(Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations".
4443:"Students, professor use 'N-word' during class at SU's Madrid program"
3814:"Academic Resources: Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word"
2863:
2830:
907:
was the fifth most challenged book during the 1990s, according to the
871:
454:
their non-standard language. During the early 1800s to the late 1840s
8501:
8435:
8383:
8254:
7992:
7812:
7778:
7753:
7522:
7229:
7215:
7194:
7173:
7152:
7065:
7058:
7017:
6996:
6971:
6910:
6773:
6766:
6624:
6603:
6524:
6479:
6443:
6429:
6341:
6324:
6295:
6189:
6141:
6073:
2713:
Bestial Traces:Race, Sexuality, Animality: Race, Sexuality, Animality
2183:
1440:
1148:
5872:
5144:
4286:"Netflix Fires Chief Communications Officer Over Use of Racial Slur"
3339:
1945:, have words that sound similar to or share etymological roots with
1749:
In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine
5842:
New Amsterdam Gehenna: Segregated Death in New York City, 1630–1801
2316:
is the word for "black" and is the only way to refer to that color.
1816:
in 1979. In the same year, Costello's father published a letter in
829:
The word can be invoked politically for effect. When Detroit mayor
8427:
8416:
8366:
8335:
8240:
8115:
8049:
7983:
7932:
7902:
7792:
7760:
7568:
7486:
7283:
7201:
7187:
7180:
7042:
7010:
6759:
6568:
6457:
6362:
6348:
6258:
6195:
6126:
6115:
6002:
5974:
2077:
1687:
1370:
1220:
1192:
1167:
928:
870:
861:
717:
682:
553:
432:
318:
255:
145:
134:
118:
47:
36:
32:
5819:
Household Words: Bloomers, Sucker, Bombshell, Scab, Nigger, Cyber
1847:
means all or even most of the niggers in history have been Black.
1456:
wrote of the antecedents of this phenomenon in 1957 in his essay
640:, and, in the context of worldwide anti-colonialism initiatives,
8328:
8308:
8138:
8072:
8026:
7596:
6683:
6596:
6582:
6540:
2122:
1643:
1434:, then to white people sympathetic towards black Americans. The
471:
5923:
5919:
5746:«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario
4064:"School reflects on race after student-teacher N-word exchange"
3944:
Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous
3912:"The 'n'-word gone from Huck Finn – what would Mark Twain say?"
2834:
2831:"Chapter 8. American Spelling > 2. The Influence of Webster"
2120:
is used for any man in general, regardless of skin color (like
8400:
8131:
8108:
8015:
7735:
7728:
7236:
6841:
6827:
6023:
1882:
1507:
by a major public figure came during the racially contentious
1197:
1116:
2384:
with a plot revolving around the word's extreme offensiveness
482:
By 1859 the term was clearly used to offend, in an attack on
277:
words for 'black', including the Spanish and Portuguese word
5589:
Ozhegov, Sergeĭ Ivanovich.; Ожегов, Сергей Иванович (2014).
5512:"Evolutio da populaco brasileira, segundo a cor – 1872/1991"
4714:"Perspectives: A View of the 'N-Word' from Sociolinguistics"
591:, states in the first edition (1926) that applying the word
5741:
5441:(in Finnish) (1/2001). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus.
493:" or "negro" became a respectful alternative. In 1851, the
2225:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2019:('little black one') can be amicably or offensively used.
1964:). Examples of related words in other languages include:
661:", and was adopted by major media outlets. Moreover, as a
614:
By the late 1960s, the social change brought about by the
515:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1259:
the routine purpose of obtaining information. The point:
4172:"Professor won't teach more classes after saying N-word"
2172:
was considered a better translation of the English word
1523:
in tape recordings about his police work. Co-prosecutor
730:, African-Americans voted for the Republican candidates
396:
in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name
3299:
Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change
2218:" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians.
470:. "Niggur" was evidently similar to the modern use of "
4772:(November 2007). "Cornel West Talks Rhymes and Race".
1732:: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec "Terrorist"
936:
in the hope of "countering the 'pre-emptive censorship
8472:
usually Indigenous, regarded as primitive/uncivilized
5560:"negrotei - definiție Argou și paradigmă - dexonline"
5400:. Tampere: Tampere University Press. pp. 25–26.
4500:"BBC apologises over racial slur used in news report"
3082:"Lohan calls Obama 'colored', NAACP says no big deal"
1613:(black), used in biologic and anatomic names such as
699:
personally used the term within the last five years.
2839:(2nd rev. and enl. ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf.
2130:). Haitian Creole derives predominantly from French.
2115:
2037:('negro/nigger'), as a loan word ('Neger') from the
533:, but used the term "negro" when writing in his own
8318:
8264:
8230:
8155:
8025:
7982:
7912:
7887:
7829:
7802:
7770:
7745:
7629:
7514:
7496:
7469:
7437:
7405:
7387:
7273:
7246:
7144:
7135:
7106:
7084:
7034:
6981:
6942:
6933:
6902:
6858:
6817:
6728:
6661:
6652:
6645:
6421:
6278:
6179:
6042:
6033:
5966:
3478:
Presidents and Black America: A Documentary History
1979:, is considered a neutral word for black people in
509:documented the "opprobrious" character of the word
209:) and in more recent cultural productions (such as
8294:(sometimes used against other semi-nomadic groups)
5898:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why
5742:"negro, negra | Diccionario de la lengua española"
4252:
2754:"Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word"
2610:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why
5361:(in Finnish). Tampere: Tampere University Press.
5166:McManus, Ross (June 14, 1979). "Elvis Costello".
5068:"N-word: The troubled history of the racial slur"
4385:"The idea that white's can't refer to the N-word"
3754:"100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999"
549:The Children of the Sea: A Tale of the Forecastle
547:(1897); in the United States, it was released as
5799:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
3693:"Attorney General Cox: Kilpatrick should resign"
3520:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
2671:Patricia T. O'Conner; Stewart Kellerman (2010).
2585:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
2551:"Opinion | How the N-Word Became Unsayable"
1568:(used as bird feed), sometimes use the spelling
1279:". "In the African American community, the word
786:a tea for congressmen's wives at the White House
529:(1883), used the term within quotes, indicating
402:(Cemetery of the Negro). An early occurrence of
364:in describing the African slaves shipped to the
5332:Vanhat sanat: Vanhan kirjasuomen ensiesiintymiä
3855:"New Huckleberry Finn edition censors 'n-word'"
3598:Muhammad Ali: Trickster in the Culture of Irony
3324:"Nella Larsen's Passing and the Fading Subject"
1844:
1633:
1476:
1317:
1269:
1256:
1070:
984:
5320:, Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse taal, 2010
5101:"D.C. Mayor Acted 'Hastily', Will Rehire Aide"
4618:
4616:
3636:"New York city council bans use of the N-word"
3384:(June 2007). "The pragmatics of connotation".
2677:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 134.
2370:List of topics related to the African diaspora
2239:
1403:as "defect" (a hidden problem), derives from "
1139:. The employee was arrested, and charged with
932:. The change was spearheaded by Twain scholar
541:published a novella in Britain with the title
225:) has sparked controversy and ongoing debate.
5935:
3265:. Oxford University Press, 1965. Compare the
2311:
2299:
2293:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2177:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2032:
653:" was advanced analogously to such terms as "
290:
278:
54:"N-word" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
3162:"Racism and "The Nigger of the "Narcissus"""
2288:, 'black-skinned'), though the organization
2103:
2097:
2091:
2071:
2061:
2053:
1215:Acceptance of intra-group usage of the word
302:
296:
284:
3211:RUDE, DONALD W.; DAVIS, KENNETH W. (1992).
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1608:
1602:
1543:
1511:in 1995. Key prosecution witness Detective
780:, the wife of African-American congressman
397:
349:was recorded two centuries later, in 1775.
321:
312:
7141:
6939:
6658:
6649:
6039:
5942:
5928:
5920:
5635:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3475:Jones, Stephen A.; Freedman, Eric (2011).
2587:. Pantheon Books. pp. 36–37, 91–111.
2345:List of ethnic group names used as insults
1796:". One year later in 1979, English singer
974:describes how many white residents of the
5137:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
4996:"Issue of Racism Erupts in Simpson Trial"
3409:
3407:
3301:. Harvard University Press, 1989, p. 88 (
2906:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016).
2862:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016).
2790:The Assassination of the Black Male Image
1983:. Some publications and institutions use
1929:Learn how and when to remove this message
1871:were treated badly by other parts of the
1624:(miserly) is etymologically unrelated to
1196:. This usage has been popularized by the
959:the term is used in such examples as the
865:
345:, the first derogatory usage of the term
5208:Waarom wil je ons zo graag neger noemen?
2076:. Some white Frenchmen have the surname
1742:leader, refers to the oppression of the
1388:
1383:In several English-speaking countries, "
1252:Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 2006
818:symbolically banned the use of the word
630:had used this word of his slaves in his
329:In its original English-language usage,
283:('black') and the now-pejorative French
7072:Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians
5617:from the original on September 15, 2024
5540:from the original on September 12, 2022
5375:from the original on September 15, 2024
4975:from the original on September 15, 2024
4924:from the original on September 15, 2024
4882:The Oxford English Reference Dictionary
4746:. Wrt-intertext.syr.edu. Archived from
4724:from the original on September 27, 2014
4712:Spears, Dr. Arthur K. (July 12, 2006).
4537:from the original on September 23, 2022
4361:from the original on September 21, 2019
4232:from the original on September 24, 2019
4170:Flaherty, Colleen (November 18, 2019).
4151:from the original on September 29, 2019
3646:from the original on September 15, 2024
3615:from the original on September 15, 2024
3576:from the original on September 15, 2024
3537:from the original on September 15, 2024
3495:from the original on September 15, 2024
2807:from the original on September 15, 2024
2419:
2399:
2096:is dated and now considered offensive.
2060:is now considered derogatory. Although
1548:(Latin for "black") occurs in Latinate
1287:) brings out feelings of pride." (Davis
1060:In 2018, the head of the media company
474:" or "guy". This passage from Ruxton's
406:in American English dates from 1625 in
89:have been increasingly replaced by the
85:. Starting in the 1990s, references to
8538:African-American-related controversies
5628:
5299:from the original on December 20, 2016
5080:from the original on February 10, 2021
4994:Noble, Kenneth B. (January 14, 1995).
4453:from the original on November 23, 2019
4395:from the original on November 11, 2019
4097:from the original on December 18, 2019
4070:from the original on November 12, 2020
4043:from the original on December 15, 2021
4037:"Can educators ever teach the N-word?"
4016:from the original on December 10, 2019
3985:All Souls: A Family Story from Southie
3961:from the original on September 8, 2024
3941:Coleman, Gabriella (October 6, 2015).
3481:. Los Angeles: CQ Press. p. 349.
3058:. Seattle, Wash.: Republican Pub. Co.
3052:"They Are Only "Niggers" in the South"
2764:from the original on November 23, 2017
2363:Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word
1430:, "nigger lover" initially applied to
1349:2010s: increase in use and controversy
456:fur trade in the Western United States
199:in classic works of literature (as in
5752:from the original on December 7, 2022
5445:from the original on December 4, 2019
5263:from the original on December 2, 2016
5099:Woodlee, Yolanda (February 4, 1999).
4441:Leffert, Catherine (March 13, 2019).
4422:from the original on November 5, 2019
4414:Lebel, Jacquelyn (October 28, 2019).
4089:Moulton, Cyrus (September 19, 2019).
3601:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 105–107.
3362:from the original on February 6, 2022
3243:from the original on February 6, 2022
3192:from the original on February 6, 2022
3092:from the original on January 10, 2018
3050:Johnson, Clifton (October 14, 1904).
2843:from the original on February 6, 2006
2730:from the original on October 16, 2019
2691:from the original on October 16, 2019
2438:from the original on January 18, 2024
1487:— Kenneth B. Noble, January 14, 1995
1179:affectionate, a possible instance of
1039:decided to stop teaching a course on
1029:Southern Connecticut State University
703:In names of people, places and things
503:Colored People of Boston and vicinity
133:The origin of the word lies with the
7:
5721:from the original on January 3, 2023
5661:from the original on August 18, 2022
5113:from the original on August 20, 2008
4910:. Intercultural Press. p. 166.
4563:from the original on August 14, 2022
4510:from the original on August 31, 2020
4035:Kaminer, Wendy (February 21, 2012).
3426:from the original on August 16, 2018
3263:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
3027:from the original on January 1, 2023
2631:
2629:
2578:
2576:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2070:, it has largely been supplanted by
1911:adding citations to reliable sources
1773:, an ethnic slur against Arabs, and
1696:referring to Arabs as "sand-niggers"
1292:not hear no white boy say that to me
1154:, and was sentenced to two years of
1127:, a 27-year-old black employee at a
914:In 2011, a new edition published by
885:, captioned "Misto Bradish's nigger"
793:conscripted to fight the Vietnam War
588:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
429:18th- and 19th-century United States
386:metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian
341:, bearing witnes". According to the
6872:(to Japan-affiliated Korean people)
5691:from the original on April 17, 2021
5414:from the original on April 17, 2021
4950:Huckleberry Finn as idol and target
4284:Mele, Christopher (June 23, 2018).
4201:from the original on March 15, 2020
3922:from the original on April 30, 2021
3853:Page, Benedicte (January 5, 2011).
3456:from the original on March 31, 2023
2918:from the original on March 14, 2023
2894:from the original on April 15, 2023
1162:Intra-group versus intergroup usage
1110:. In June 2020, Canadian news host
1106:in Canada and the Madrid campus of
805:No Vietnamese Ever Called Me Nigger
46:For the colloquial slang term, see
6951:American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD)
5570:from the original on June 12, 2023
5397:Etnisyys ja rasismi journalismissa
5066:Wilson, Cherry (October 4, 2020).
5047:from the original on June 11, 2024
5025:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021).
5006:from the original on March 8, 2021
4884:(2nd ed.). 1996. p. 981.
4718:Diverse Issues in Higher Education
4480:from the original on June 10, 2020
4472:Calabrese, Darren (June 9, 2020).
4327:from the original on June 23, 2018
4296:from the original on June 23, 2018
4265:from the original on June 20, 2022
4193:Dwyer, Colin (February 13, 2018).
3910:Kehe, Marjorie (January 5, 2011).
3734:from the original on July 21, 2015
3672:from the original on March 8, 2022
3062:from the original on July 21, 2011
2793:. Simon and Schuster. p. 82.
2716:. Fordham Univ Press. p. 91.
2561:from the original on June 11, 2024
2549:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021).
1864:Encyclopedia of American Religions
752:an October 1901 White House dinner
558:The US edition of Joseph Conrad's
206:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
25:
8553:Anti-African and anti-black slurs
5027:"How the N-Word Became Unsayable"
4862:from the original on May 24, 2019
4809:from the original on May 12, 2019
4139:Stein, Matthew (April 11, 2019).
4062:O'Sullivan, Donie (May 5, 2017).
3987:. Random House, Inc. p. 61.
3414:Tesler, Michael (June 25, 2015).
2937:Ruxton, George Frederick (1846).
1416:London Labour and the London Poor
1308:by black people, philosopher and
1267:Kevin Cato, meanwhile, observes:
1250:According to Arthur K. Spears in
1077:The following year, screenwriter
961:Gay Nigger Association of America
180:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
149:. Early attested uses during the
8458:Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia
4947:Arac, Jonathan (November 1997).
4850:Bain, Marc (November 13, 2017).
4584:Colorado Research in Linguistics
4315:Landy, Heather (June 23, 2018).
4251:Harvard, Sarah (March 7, 2019).
4220:Lee, Ella (September 23, 2019).
4116:Patrice, Joe (October 4, 2019).
4010:"Straight talk about the N-word"
3788:The Complete Works of Mark Twain
3784:"Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn"
3760:. March 27, 2013. Archived from
3634:Pilkington, Ed (March 1, 2007).
3261:Henry W. Fowler, Ernest Gowers:
3129:10.1097/00001888-200010000-00016
3023:. November 10, 1859. p. 3.
2941:. University of Oklahoma Press.
2468:Oxford English Dictionary Online
2232:are always extremely pejorative.
1887:
1392:
791:In explaining his refusal to be
244:Woman Is the Nigger of the World
27:Racial slur against black people
7446:Cheese-eating surrender monkeys
5844:. Brooklyn: Noir Verite Press.
5711:"Почему плохо говорить «негр»?"
5657:(in Russian). August 29, 2000.
5469:, 12 ottobre 2012 [IT]"
5435:"Etnisten nimitysten eri sävyt"
5187:. New Page Books. p. 209.
4831:. Musixmatch. December 16, 2015
3879:Twain, Mark (January 7, 2011).
3160:GOONETILLEKE, D.C.R.A. (2011).
2376:With Apologies to Jesse Jackson
1898:needs additional citations for
1840:The World the Slaveholders Made
860:has generally rendered its use
106:mentioned but not directly used
8568:Ethnonyms of African Americans
8043:Jewish-American princess (JAP)
4351:"Why I quit the writer's room"
3691:French, Ron (March 13, 2008).
2710:Peterson, Christopher (2013).
2508:Journal of English Linguistics
2214:can be offensive or at least "
1941:Other languages, particularly
1785:upon other non-white peoples.
1676:Southwest of the United States
1607:is the Latin feminine form of
1579:sounds similar to the English
1273:Black Entertainment Television
1147:, the employee pled guilty to
1048:challenged his professor in a
1019:In addition to Smith College,
900:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
882:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
838:" to save his political life.
795:(1955–75), professional boxer
633:Notes on the State of Virginia
505:. Writing in 1904, journalist
466:" lexicon, without pejorative
122:, whose spelling reflects the
1:
7948:eastern and central europeans
7322:English-speaking Welsh people
5823:University of Minnesota Press
5777:The Oxford English Dictionary
5717:(in Russian). April 8, 2019.
4959:University of Wisconsin Press
4699:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001
3916:The Christian Science Monitor
3448:. Theodore Roosevelt Center,
3297:). Compare Harold R. Isaacs:
2868:Journal of the Early Republic
2650:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001
2108:("colored ") is more neutral.
1740:Front de libération du Québec
1517:Los Angeles Police Department
1104:University of Western Ontario
750:" was written in reaction to
728:1868 US presidential election
709:Use of nigger in proper names
561:The Nigger of the "Narcissus"
544:The Nigger of the "Narcissus"
523:, in the autobiographic book
5802:. New York: Pantheon Books.
3562:. Columbia UP. p. 341.
3523:. Random House. p. 28.
3446:"Niggers in the White House"
3398:10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004
2963:"Language of the Rendezvous"
2066:was the standard term for a
1583:, occurring in biologic and
909:American Library Association
8353:Fresh off the boat / F.O.B.
6609:Central and South Americans
4559:. CBS News. March 9, 2022.
3278:Online etymology dictionary
2300:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2208:) is neutral; nevertheless
1396:
8584:
5784:Fuller, Neely Jr. (1984).
5213:February 20, 2016, at the
4093:. Telegram & Gazette.
3981:MacDonald, Michael Patrick
3556:Rollins, Peter C. (2003).
3450:Dickinson State University
1957:) to highly racist (as in
1860:, a magazine described in
1727:In his 1968 autobiography
1718:'s 1967 essay collection,
1223:denounces the use of both
1171:
1165:
976:Old Colony Housing Project
926:and also removed the word
845:
814:On February 28, 2007, the
748:Niggers in the White House
706:
573:20th-century United States
495:Boston Vigilance Committee
399:Begraafplaats van de Neger
253:
110:linguistic reappropriation
53:
29:
5957:
5817:Smith, Stephanie (2005).
5465:"Accademia della Crusca,
4174:. Inside Higher Education
3668:. New York City Council.
3113:"Life on the Mississippi"
2583:Kennedy, Randall (2002).
2294:
2278:
2266:
2252:
2226:
2220:
2210:
2204:
2198:
1509:O. J. Simpson murder case
1497:One of the first uses of
972:Michael Patrick MacDonald
848:Use of nigger in the arts
501:, posted warnings to the
499:abolitionist organization
343:Oxford English Dictionary
184:Oxford English Dictionary
100:, notably in cases where
8543:African-American society
6963:westernized South Asians
5903:Houghton Mifflin Company
5840:Swan, Robert J. (2003).
5651:"Латыши и гости столицы"
3595:Lemert, Charles (2003).
2994:. Macmillan. p. 272
2569:– via NYTimes.com.
2520:10.1177/0075424211414807
1730:White Niggers of America
1413:newspaper report series
1271:For instance, a show on
1186:In the black community,
1002:Arizona State University
649:In the 1980s, the term "
425:in his 1806 dictionary.
382:New York under the Dutch
128:African-American English
31:Not to be confused with
6717:westernized East Asians
6675:westernized East Asians
6060:Black American princess
5861:African American Review
5467:Nero, negro e di colore
5433:Tervonen, Satu (2001).
5330:Jussila, Raimo (1998).
4904:Herbst, Philip (1997).
4660:The Cincinnati Enquirer
3328:African American Review
3322:Sullivan, Nell (1998).
3308:March 31, 2023, at the
3293:, vol. 21, 1963, p. 9 (
3272:April 26, 2021, at the
1834:, noted for bringing a
1650:has been misinterpreted
1648:. In the US, this word
1644:
1634:
1550:scientific nomenclature
875:1885 illustration from
566:The Children of the Sea
526:Life on the Mississippi
484:abolitionist John Brown
311:ultimately derive from
60:Nigger (disambiguation)
56:N-word (disambiguation)
8548:American English words
8170:Indigenous Australians
5507:on September 24, 2015.
5253:"Volkskrant stijlboek"
5232:June 12, 2013, at the
5217:, joop.nl, 25 mei 2014
5183:G'Zell, Otter (2009).
4476:. The Canadian Press.
4012:. Teaching Tolerance.
3840:July 15, 2020, at the
3056:The Seattle Republican
2785:Hutchinson, Earl Ofari
2312:
2240:
2178:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2116:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2072:
2062:
2054:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1975:), loaned from French
1849:
1697:
1682:Denotational extension
1671:
1609:
1603:
1544:
1539:Similar-sounding words
1484:
1405:nigger in the woodpile
1380:
1377:Nigger in the woodpile
1346:
1304:Addressing the use of
1302:
1265:
1243:rejects the view that
1174:Ingroups and outgroups
1075:
996:In an academic setting
993:
886:
743:
569:
460:George Fredrick Ruxton
450:
445:slave escaping from a
398:
322:
313:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
155:derogatory connotation
8487:non-Jewish boy or man
8102:Rootless cosmopolitan
5895:Asim, Jabari (2007).
5779:(2nd ed.). 1989.
5518:on December 21, 2010.
5475:on September 30, 2019
4799:"Redefining the Word"
4656:"The evolving N-word"
4349:(September 6, 2019).
3386:Journal of Pragmatics
3289:Harold R. Isaacs in:
3088:. November 12, 2008.
2988:Coleman, Jon (2012).
2880:10.1353/jer.2016.0028
2608:Asim, Jabari (2008).
2216:politically incorrect
2025:is always pejorative.
1763:, published the song
1721:The Student as Nigger
1691:
1374:
1190:is often rendered as
1046:College of the Desert
874:
816:New York City Council
754:hosted by Republican
721:
616:civil rights movement
557:
437:Lyrics for the song "
436:
421:spelling in place of
394:African Burial Ground
250:Etymology and history
7375:Scottish Highlanders
7306:Welsh-speaking elite
6356:Hillbilly / Hilljack
6311:of European descent)
4797:(November 9, 2014).
4008:Price, Sean (2011).
3794:on September 9, 2006
3111:Twain, Mark (1883).
2969:on November 19, 2012
2939:Life In the Far West
2752:(January 11, 2001).
2366:, a 2006 documentary
2350:Kaffir (ethnic slur)
2340:List of ethnic slurs
2292:instead recommends "
2186:of the English word
2136:has three variants:
1907:improve this article
1572:seed. The classical
1478:The prosecutor [
772:, wife of President
763:Booker T. Washington
618:had legitimized the
476:Life in the Far West
273:derive from various
151:Atlantic slave trade
108:. In an instance of
6792:westernized Chinese
5681:"Писатели-призраки"
5133:Kennedy, Randall L.
5106:The Washington Post
4803:The Washington Post
4666:on January 10, 2013
4383:(August 21, 2019).
3891:on January 10, 2011
3824:on January 22, 2007
3764:on January 12, 2012
3420:The Washington Post
3267:entry "nigger (n.)"
2758:The Washington Post
1995:is more widespread.
1712:used by outsiders.
1662:Anthony A. Williams
1628:, derived from the
1617:(black substance).
1574:Latin pronunciation
1389:commercial products
1310:public intellectual
1108:Syracuse University
1087:I Am Not Your Negro
1025:Augsburg University
1012:and a professor at
966:In his 1999 memoir
680:, often spelled as
6703:Chinese and Korean
6239:Redskin/Red Indian
5788:. ASIN B000BVZW38.
5740:ASALE, RAE-; RAE.
5032:The New York Times
5000:The New York Times
4955:Madison, Wisconsin
4596:10.25810/dky3-zq57
4506:. August 9, 2020.
4355:The New York Times
4290:The New York Times
3021:(Washington, D.C.)
2912:Smith ScholarWorks
2555:The New York Times
2472:nigger, n. and adj
2304:, 'dark-skinned').
1794:Rock N Roll Nigger
1792:used the word in "
1746:in North America.
1698:
1525:Christopher Darden
1490:The New York Times
1480:Christopher Darden
1397:plants and animals
1381:
1277:term of endearment
918:replaced the word
887:
761:, who had invited
759:Theodore Roosevelt
744:
570:
451:
390:Pennsylvania Dutch
317:, the stem of the
289:. Etymologically,
8558:English profanity
8520:
8519:
7978:
7977:
7673:Northern Italians
7131:
7130:
7102:
7101:
7049:Northeast Indians
6929:
6928:
6641:
6640:
6574:Mexican Americans
5912:978-0-618-19717-0
5851:978-0-9722813-0-0
5832:978-0-8166-4552-7
5809:978-0-375-42172-3
5655:www.kommersant.ru
5602:978-5-94666-678-7
5368:978-951-44-6946-6
4968:978-0-299-15534-6
4917:978-1-877864-97-1
4795:Thompson, Krissah
4687:Language Sciences
3994:978-0-345-44177-5
3954:978-1-78168-983-7
3608:978-0-7456-2871-4
3569:978-0-231-11222-2
3530:978-0-375-42172-3
3138:978-0-486-41426-3
2948:978-0-8061-1534-4
2800:978-0-684-83100-8
2723:978-0-8232-4520-8
2684:978-0-8129-7810-0
2638:Language Sciences
2619:978-0-547-52494-8
2594:978-0-9650397-7-2
2378:", an episode of
2267:литературный негр
1991:, but the use of
1943:Romance languages
1939:
1938:
1931:
1800:used the phrase "
1638:(stingy) and the
1410:Morning Chronicle
970:, Irish-American
577:A style guide to
535:narrative persona
449:, printed in 1851
392:communities; the
211:Quentin Tarantino
172:intra-group usage
165:Because the word
16:(Redirected from
8575:
8513:
8512:
8508:non-Jewish woman
8497:
8491:
8476:
8475:
8462:
8461:
8448:
8447:
8431:
8425:
8412:
8411:
8396:
8395:
8379:
8378:
8362:
8361:
8348:
8341:
8340:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8296:
8285:
8257:
8250:
8243:
8223:
8222:
8218:Pacific Islander
8207:
8206:
8202:Pacific Islander
8191:
8190:
8175:
8174:
8148:
8141:
8134:
8127:
8126:
8111:
8104:
8097:
8096:
8075:
8068:
8067:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8018:
8011:
8004:
8003:
7971:
7970:
7952:
7951:
7938:
7937:
7905:
7898:
7880:
7873:
7872:
7861:
7860:
7845:
7838:
7822:
7815:
7795:
7788:
7781:
7763:
7756:
7738:
7731:
7724:
7723:
7708:
7707:
7694:
7693:
7678:
7677:
7662:
7657:
7650:
7645:
7638:
7622:
7621:
7618:Anglophile Irish
7608:
7607:
7592:
7591:
7588:Anglophile Irish
7578:
7577:
7574:Irish Travellers
7564:
7563:
7559:Irish Travellers
7548:
7547:
7543:Irish Protestant
7534:
7533:
7507:
7489:
7482:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7430:
7423:
7416:
7398:
7380:
7379:
7364:
7363:
7350:
7349:
7334:
7327:
7326:
7311:
7310:
7295:
7294:
7266:
7259:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7142:
7124:
7117:
7107:Southeast Asians
7095:
7077:
7076:
7061:
7054:
7053:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6974:
6967:
6966:
6953:
6940:
6922:
6921:
6895:
6894:
6881:
6874:
6873:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6810:
6803:
6796:
6795:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6721:
6720:
6707:
6706:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6678:
6659:
6650:
6634:
6633:
6620:
6613:
6612:
6599:
6592:
6591:
6578:
6577:
6564:
6563:
6550:
6549:
6536:
6535:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6505:
6492:
6485:
6484:
6469:
6468:
6453:
6452:
6439:
6438:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6329:
6314:
6313:
6298:
6291:
6271:
6270:
6254:
6253:
6234:
6233:
6210:
6208:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6040:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5921:
5916:
5884:
5855:
5836:
5813:
5794:Kennedy, Randall
5789:
5780:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5564:www.dexonline.ro
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5514:. Archived from
5508:
5506:
5500:. Archived from
5499:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5471:. Archived from
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5243:
5237:
5224:
5218:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5172:. New York City.
5163:
5157:
5156:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4662:. Archived from
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4533:. Tampabay.com.
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4447:The Daily Orange
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4039:. The Atlantic.
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3887:. Archived from
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3820:. Archived from
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3790:. Archived from
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3697:The Detroit News
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3515:Kennedy, Randall
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3392:(6): 1047–1057.
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3319:
3313:
3287:
3281:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3019:The National Era
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2965:. Archived from
2959:
2953:
2952:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2750:Kennedy, Randall
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2503:
2486:
2465:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2424:
2407:
2404:
2315:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2273:literaturny negr
2269:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2243:
2231:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2184:loan translation
2181:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2128:American English
2119:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2075:
2065:
2063:Nègre littéraire
2059:
2039:Swedish language
2036:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1891:
1883:
1788:In 1978, singer
1765:of the same name
1744:Québécois people
1736:Pierre Vallières
1647:
1637:
1615:substantia nigra
1612:
1606:
1599:(fox squirrel).
1590:Hyoscyamus niger
1582:
1578:
1547:
1493:
1428:American English
1355:Ta-Nehisi Coates
1338:
1331:, as opposed to
1299:
1295:
1290:
1137:brain contusions
1056:In the workplace
1021:Emory University
1007:
990:
939:
905:Huckleberry Finn
831:Kwame Kilpatrick
778:Jessie De Priest
732:Ulysses S. Grant
667:African American
651:African American
628:Thomas Jefferson
598:Harold R. Isaacs
462:used it in his "
439:Run, Nigger, Run
401:
370:American English
354:colonial America
325:
316:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
222:Django Unchained
99:
69:English language
51:
44:
21:
8583:
8582:
8578:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8533:1775 neologisms
8523:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8504:
8500:
8483:
8479:
8469:
8465:
8455:
8451:
8438:
8434:
8419:
8415:
8403:
8399:
8386:
8382:
8369:
8365:
8355:
8351:
8344:
8331:
8327:
8314:
8307:
8300:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8260:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8226:
8214:
8210:
8198:
8194:
8182:
8178:
8166:
8162:
8151:
8144:
8139:Zhyd / Zhydovka
8137:
8130:
8118:
8114:
8107:
8100:
8082:
8078:
8071:
8059:
8055:
8048:
8041:
8034:
8021:
8014:
8007:
7995:
7991:
7974:
7959:
7955:
7945:
7941:
7923:
7919:
7908:
7901:
7894:
7883:
7876:
7868:
7864:
7852:
7848:
7841:
7836:
7825:
7818:
7811:
7798:
7791:
7784:
7777:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7741:
7734:
7727:
7715:
7711:
7701:
7697:
7685:
7681:
7669:
7665:
7660:
7653:
7648:
7641:
7636:
7625:
7615:
7611:
7603:Irish Catholics
7599:
7595:
7585:
7581:
7571:
7567:
7555:
7551:
7539:
7537:
7525:
7521:
7510:
7503:
7492:
7485:
7478:
7465:
7458:
7451:
7444:
7433:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7401:
7394:
7383:
7371:
7367:
7357:
7353:
7341:
7337:
7330:
7318:
7316:Dic Siôn Dafydd
7314:
7302:
7298:
7286:
7282:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7098:
7091:
7080:
7068:
7064:
7057:
7045:
7041:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6977:
6970:
6960:
6956:
6949:
6925:
6913:
6909:
6898:
6888:
6884:
6877:
6871:
6867:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6783:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6724:
6714:
6710:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6672:
6668:
6637:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6606:
6602:
6595:
6585:
6581:
6571:
6567:
6557:
6553:
6543:
6539:
6527:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6499:
6495:
6488:
6476:
6472:
6460:
6456:
6446:
6442:
6432:
6428:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6321:
6317:
6305:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6274:
6265:Native American
6261:
6257:
6245:Native American
6241:
6237:
6229:American Indian
6221:Native American
6217:
6213:
6192:
6188:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6149:Queen / Queenie
6147:
6140:
6133:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6035:
6034:North and South
6029:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5962:
5953:
5948:
5913:
5894:
5891:
5889:Further reading
5873:10.2307/3042395
5858:
5852:
5839:
5833:
5821:. Minneapolis:
5816:
5810:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5724:
5722:
5709:
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5627:
5620:
5618:
5603:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5573:
5571:
5566:(in Romanian).
5558:
5557:
5553:
5543:
5541:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5510:
5504:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5476:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5448:
5446:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5408:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5378:
5376:
5369:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5302:
5300:
5293:NRC handelsblad
5287:
5284:NRC Handelsblad
5281:Style guide of
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5251:
5245:Style guide of
5244:
5240:
5236:, Taaltelefoon.
5234:Wayback Machine
5225:
5221:
5215:Wayback Machine
5206:
5202:
5195:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5145:10.2307/2999172
5131:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4969:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4927:
4925:
4918:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4793:Sheinin, Dave;
4792:
4791:
4787:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4750:on May 17, 2011
4742:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4454:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4418:. Global News.
4413:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4381:McWhorter, John
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4259:The Independent
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4145:The College Fix
4138:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4120:. Above The Law
4115:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3947:. Verso Books.
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3842:Wayback Machine
3827:
3825:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3609:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3570:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3340:10.2307/3042239
3321:
3320:
3316:
3310:Wayback Machine
3288:
3284:
3274:Wayback Machine
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3139:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3028:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2905:
2897:
2895:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2767:
2765:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2724:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2505:
2504:
2489:
2466:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2336:
2330:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1904:
1892:
1881:
1879:Other languages
1832:Eugene Genovese
1814:Bonnie Bramlett
1804:" in his song "
1684:
1587:names, such as
1541:
1495:
1486:
1475:
1471:
1459:The White Negro
1369:
1364:
1351:
1336:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1181:reappropriation
1176:
1170:
1164:
1058:
1033:Simpson College
1005:
998:
988:
946:Alexandra Petri
937:
854:implicit racism
850:
844:
782:Oscar De Priest
740:Horatio Seymour
736:Schuyler Colfax
716:
711:
705:
696:
655:German American
620:racial identity
579:British English
575:
531:reported speech
507:Clifton Johnson
431:
380:, prevailed in
366:Virginia colony
263:
258:
252:
189:eradicationists
176:hip hop culture
93:
63:
52:
45:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8581:
8579:
8571:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8525:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8514:
8498:
8477:
8463:
8449:
8432:
8413:
8397:
8380:
8363:
8349:
8342:
8324:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8286:
8278:
8276:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8251:
8244:
8236:
8234:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8208:
8192:
8176:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8149:
8142:
8135:
8128:
8112:
8105:
8098:
8076:
8069:
8063:Ashkenazi Jews
8053:
8046:
8039:
8031:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8012:
8005:
7988:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7953:
7939:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7899:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7874:
7862:
7846:
7839:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7823:
7816:
7808:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7789:
7782:
7774:
7772:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7764:
7757:
7749:
7747:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7732:
7725:
7719:South Italians
7709:
7695:
7679:
7663:
7658:
7651:
7646:
7639:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7609:
7593:
7579:
7565:
7549:
7535:
7518:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7483:
7475:
7473:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7456:
7449:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7424:
7417:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7365:
7351:
7335:
7328:
7312:
7296:
7290:English people
7279:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7264:Turco-Albanian
7260:
7252:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7148:
7146:
7139:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7118:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7062:
7055:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6985:
6983:
6982:Bengali Hindus
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6968:
6954:
6946:
6944:
6937:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6882:
6875:
6864:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6823:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6804:
6797:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6734:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6708:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6665:
6663:
6656:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6621:
6614:
6600:
6593:
6579:
6565:
6551:
6537:
6531:Newfoundlander
6521:
6514:
6507:
6493:
6486:
6470:
6454:
6440:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6315:
6299:
6292:
6284:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6255:
6235:
6211:
6185:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6053:Alligator bait
6048:
6046:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5911:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5867:(3): 461–473.
5856:
5850:
5837:
5831:
5814:
5808:
5790:
5781:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5748:(in Spanish).
5732:
5702:
5672:
5642:
5601:
5581:
5551:
5521:
5486:
5456:
5425:
5406:
5386:
5367:
5347:
5340:
5322:
5310:
5274:
5238:
5227:"Neger/zwarte"
5219:
5200:
5194:978-1601630469
5193:
5175:
5158:
5139:(26): 86–96 .
5124:
5091:
5058:
5017:
4986:
4967:
4961:. p. 29.
4939:
4916:
4896:
4887:
4873:
4842:
4820:
4785:
4761:
4735:
4704:
4677:
4646:
4633:dictionary.com
4612:
4574:
4548:
4529:Dan Sullivan.
4521:
4491:
4464:
4433:
4406:
4372:
4347:Mosley, Walter
4338:
4321:Quartz at Work
4307:
4276:
4243:
4212:
4185:
4162:
4131:
4108:
4081:
4054:
4027:
4000:
3993:
3972:
3953:
3933:
3902:
3871:
3845:
3805:
3775:
3745:
3727:dictionary.com
3709:
3683:
3657:
3626:
3607:
3587:
3568:
3548:
3529:
3506:
3487:
3467:
3437:
3403:
3373:
3334:(3): 373–386.
3314:
3282:
3254:
3203:
3172:(2/3): 51–66.
3152:
3137:
3103:
3073:
3042:
3037:newspapers.com
3005:
2980:
2954:
2947:
2929:
2874:(2): 203–245.
2854:
2827:Mencken, H. L.
2818:
2799:
2776:
2741:
2722:
2702:
2683:
2663:
2625:
2618:
2600:
2593:
2572:
2541:
2514:(2): 137–171.
2487:
2449:
2428:"Google Ngram"
2418:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2305:
2245:
2244:is derogatory;
2233:
2191:
2131:
2112:Haitian Creole
2109:
2102:('black ') or
2085:
2047:
2026:
1996:
1937:
1936:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1810:Stephen Stills
1798:Elvis Costello
1779:prairie nigger
1683:
1680:
1652:as related to
1640:Middle English
1540:
1537:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1452:sub-cultures.
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1315:said in 2007:
1166:Main article:
1163:
1160:
1133:skull fracture
1129:Dunkin' Donuts
1125:Tampa, Florida
1096:John McWhorter
1057:
1054:
997:
994:
957:Hacker culture
916:NewSouth Books
846:Main article:
843:
840:
809:Robert Lipsyte
774:Herbert Hoover
715:
712:
707:Main article:
704:
701:
695:
692:
669:resembles the
659:Irish American
604:'s 1929 novel
574:
571:
430:
427:
417:suggested the
333:(also spelled
262:
259:
254:Main article:
251:
248:
242:'s 1972 song "
219:and 2012 film
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8580:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8563:English words
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
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8528:
8510:
8509:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8489:
8488:
8482:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8450:
8445:
8444:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8423:
8418:
8414:
8409:
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8398:
8393:
8392:
8385:
8381:
8376:
8375:
8368:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8350:
8347:
8343:
8338:
8337:
8330:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8310:
8306:
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8299:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8284:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8256:
8252:
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8245:
8242:
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8220:
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8165:
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8133:
8129:
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8123:
8117:
8113:
8110:
8106:
8103:
8099:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8087:
8081:
8077:
8074:
8070:
8065:
8064:
8058:
8054:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8037:
8036:Christ killer
8033:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8017:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8001:
8000:
7994:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7968:
7967:
7964:
7958:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7922:
7921:Bulgarophiles
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7857:
7851:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7828:
7821:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7790:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7769:
7762:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7737:
7733:
7730:
7726:
7721:
7720:
7714:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7699:Sheep shagger
7696:
7691:
7690:
7684:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7668:
7664:
7659:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7644:
7640:
7635:
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7628:
7619:
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7605:
7604:
7598:
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7554:
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7524:
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7513:
7506:
7502:
7501:
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7484:
7481:
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7476:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7461:
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7454:
7450:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7429:
7425:
7422:
7418:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7397:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7377:
7376:
7370:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7340:
7339:Sheep shagger
7336:
7333:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7307:
7301:
7297:
7292:
7291:
7285:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7272:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7227:
7224:
7220:
7217:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7192:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7134:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7094:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7074:
7073:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7050:
7044:
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7037:
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7026:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7005:
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6998:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6948:
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6941:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6919:
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6912:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6892:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6805:
6802:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6743:
6740:
6736:
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6733:
6731:
6727:
6718:
6713:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6631:
6626:
6625:Yank / Yankee
6622:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6481:
6475:
6471:
6466:
6465:
6459:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:Trailer trash
6395:
6392:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6310:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6268:
6266:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6250:
6249:First Nations
6246:
6240:
6236:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6225:First Nations
6222:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6032:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5982:Black Diamond
5979:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5940:
5938:
5933:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5914:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5733:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5582:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5479:September 30,
5474:
5470:
5468:
5460:
5457:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5426:
5413:
5409:
5407:951-44-5486-3
5403:
5399:
5398:
5390:
5387:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5351:
5348:
5343:
5341:951-746-008-2
5337:
5333:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5311:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5275:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5248:de Volkskrant
5242:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5204:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:Rolling Stone
5162:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5092:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5062:
5059:
5046:
5042:
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5034:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5018:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4990:
4987:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4943:
4940:
4935:
4928:September 24,
4923:
4919:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4900:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4843:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4692:
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4681:
4678:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4647:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4627:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4541:September 25,
4536:
4532:
4525:
4522:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4437:
4434:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4407:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4365:September 19,
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4295:
4291:
4287:
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4277:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4247:
4244:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4213:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4186:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4132:
4119:
4112:
4109:
4096:
4092:
4085:
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4069:
4065:
4058:
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4038:
4031:
4028:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
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3946:
3945:
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3934:
3921:
3917:
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3906:
3903:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3875:
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3860:
3856:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3823:
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3815:
3809:
3806:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3710:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3619:September 24,
3614:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3588:
3580:September 24,
3575:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3549:
3541:September 24,
3536:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3494:
3490:
3488:9781608710089
3484:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3468:
3460:September 12,
3455:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3286:
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3279:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3217:The Conradian
3214:
3207:
3204:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
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3104:
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3015:
3009:
3006:
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2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2811:September 24,
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2774:(Book review)
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2703:
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2590:
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2255:
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2234:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:French creole
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1922:
1919:December 2023
1912:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1896:This section
1894:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:Rolling Stone
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:Oliver's Army
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:timber nigger
1772:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:Sciurus niger
1592:
1591:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:; sellers of
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1474:Notable usage
1468:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:Norman Mailer
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:abolitionists
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1362:Related words
1361:
1359:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:Richard Pryor
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:mission creep
1097:
1093:
1092:James Baldwin
1089:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1079:Walter Mosley
1074:
1069:
1067:
1066:Reed Hastings
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:Smith College
1011:
1010:Richard Pryor
1003:
995:
992:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
953:
951:
950:Chris Meadows
947:
943:
935:
931:
930:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
884:
883:
878:
873:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
849:
841:
839:
837:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
764:
760:
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
714:Political use
713:
710:
702:
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
674:Afro-American
672:
668:
664:
663:compound word
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
609:
608:
603:
599:
594:
590:
589:
584:
580:
572:
567:
563:
562:
556:
552:
550:
546:
545:
540:
539:Joseph Conrad
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
448:
444:
440:
435:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
413:
412:Lexicographer
409:
405:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
324:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
276:
272:
268:
265:The variants
260:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
224:
223:
218:
217:
213:'s 1994 film
212:
208:
207:
203:'s 1884 book
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
163:
161:
156:
152:
148:
147:
142:
141:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
97:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
57:
49:
42:
38:
34:
19:
8506:
8485:
8471:
8457:
8453:Reffo / Balt
8440:
8422:non-believer
8421:
8405:
8388:
8371:
8357:
8333:
8293:
8216:
8200:
8184:
8168:
8120:
8090:
8084:
8061:
7997:
7961:
7947:
7931:
7925:
7869:
7853:
7717:
7703:
7687:
7671:
7617:
7601:
7587:
7573:
7557:
7541:
7527:
7373:
7360:Welsh people
7359:
7345:Welsh people
7343:
7320:
7304:
7288:
7070:
7047:
6962:
6935:South Asians
6915:
6891:also Chinese
6890:
6879:Gaoli bangzi
6869:Ban-jjokbari
6791:
6785:
6716:
6702:
6674:
6629:
6608:
6587:
6573:
6559:
6545:
6529:
6501:
6478:
6462:
6448:
6434:
6391:Swamp Yankee
6323:
6306:
6263:
6243:
6219:
6215:Indian/Injun
6194:
6122:
5960:by ethnicity
5951:Ethnic slurs
5897:
5864:
5860:
5841:
5818:
5798:
5785:
5776:
5754:. Retrieved
5745:
5735:
5723:. Retrieved
5714:
5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5684:
5675:
5663:. Retrieved
5654:
5645:
5619:. Retrieved
5591:
5584:
5572:. Retrieved
5563:
5554:
5542:. Retrieved
5534:g1.globo.com
5533:
5524:
5516:the original
5502:the original
5489:
5477:. Retrieved
5473:the original
5466:
5459:
5449:December 26,
5447:. Retrieved
5438:
5428:
5418:December 26,
5416:. Retrieved
5396:
5389:
5379:December 26,
5377:. Retrieved
5357:
5350:
5331:
5325:
5313:
5303:December 14,
5301:. Retrieved
5292:
5282:
5277:
5267:December 14,
5265:. Retrieved
5256:
5246:
5241:
5222:
5203:
5184:
5178:
5167:
5161:
5136:
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5104:
5094:
5082:. Retrieved
5071:
5061:
5049:. Retrieved
5030:
5020:
5008:. Retrieved
4999:
4989:
4977:. Retrieved
4949:
4942:
4934:Google Books
4932:– via
4926:. Retrieved
4906:
4899:
4890:
4881:
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4855:
4845:
4833:. Retrieved
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4802:
4788:
4779:
4773:
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4748:the original
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4717:
4707:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4668:. Retrieved
4664:the original
4659:
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4631:
4628:Usage Alert"
4625:
4607:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4551:
4539:. Retrieved
4524:
4512:. Retrieved
4503:
4494:
4482:. Retrieved
4467:
4457:November 19,
4455:. Retrieved
4446:
4436:
4426:November 19,
4424:. Retrieved
4409:
4399:November 19,
4397:. Retrieved
4389:The Atlantic
4388:
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4354:
4341:
4329:. Retrieved
4320:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4289:
4279:
4269:November 18,
4267:. Retrieved
4258:
4246:
4236:November 19,
4234:. Retrieved
4226:The DePaulia
4225:
4215:
4205:November 19,
4203:. Retrieved
4188:
4178:November 18,
4176:. Retrieved
4165:
4155:November 18,
4153:. Retrieved
4144:
4134:
4124:November 18,
4122:. Retrieved
4111:
4101:November 18,
4099:. Retrieved
4084:
4074:November 19,
4072:. Retrieved
4057:
4047:December 24,
4045:. Retrieved
4030:
4020:November 18,
4018:. Retrieved
4003:
3984:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3943:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3915:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:the original
3884:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3859:The Guardian
3858:
3848:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:the original
3818:Random House
3817:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:the original
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:the original
3757:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3725:
3722:Usage Alert"
3719:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3696:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3640:The Guardian
3639:
3629:
3617:. Retrieved
3597:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3558:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3519:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3477:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3419:
3389:
3385:
3382:Allan, Keith
3376:
3364:. Retrieved
3331:
3327:
3317:
3303:Google Books
3298:
3295:Google Books
3290:
3285:
3277:
3262:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3223:(2): 46–56.
3220:
3216:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3169:
3165:
3155:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3086:Mercury News
3085:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3055:
3045:
3035:– via
3029:. Retrieved
3017:
3008:
2998:November 21,
2996:. Retrieved
2990:
2983:
2973:September 6,
2971:. Retrieved
2967:the original
2957:
2938:
2932:
2922:February 26,
2920:. Retrieved
2911:
2898:February 26,
2896:. Retrieved
2871:
2867:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2835:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2789:
2779:
2766:. Retrieved
2757:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2712:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2673:
2666:
2641:
2637:
2609:
2603:
2584:
2563:. Retrieved
2554:
2544:
2511:
2507:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2440:. Retrieved
2432:Google Ngram
2431:
2422:
2402:
2379:
2361:
2329:
2323:
2285:chernokozhij
2202:(as well as
2187:
2173:
2121:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1925:
1916:
1905:Please help
1900:verification
1897:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1829:
1817:
1802:white nigger
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1750:
1748:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1716:Jerry Farber
1714:
1710:ethnic slurs
1705:
1699:
1692:Graffiti in
1685:
1666:
1657:
1653:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1569:
1561:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1513:Mark Fuhrman
1498:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1477:
1466:
1457:
1448:, thug, and
1439:
1425:
1421:Henry Mayhew
1414:
1408:
1400:
1382:
1352:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1305:
1303:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1156:house arrest
1145:plea bargain
1141:manslaughter
1123:In 2021, in
1122:
1112:Wendy Mesley
1085:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1059:
1018:
999:
985:
980:South Boston
967:
965:
954:
934:Alan Gribben
927:
923:
919:
913:
904:
898:
890:
888:
880:
857:
856:of the word
851:
842:Cultural use
828:
824:Grammy Award
819:
813:
804:
797:Muhammad Ali
790:
745:
697:
687:
681:
677:
673:
666:
648:
641:
631:
623:
613:
606:
602:Nella Larsen
592:
586:
576:
565:
559:
548:
542:
524:
519:
510:
502:
488:
481:
475:
464:mountain man
452:
447:slave patrol
422:
418:
415:Noah Webster
408:Rhode Island
403:
377:
373:
361:
351:
346:
334:
330:
328:
308:
270:
266:
264:
235:white nigger
233:
229:
227:
220:
216:Pulp Fiction
214:
204:
196:
192:
188:
166:
164:
159:
144:
138:
132:
117:
113:
101:
95:
86:
83:black people
81:directed at
73:
72:
66:
64:
18:Nigger-lover
8122:German Jews
8092:Crypto-Jews
7927:Macedonians
7870:(Mercheros)
7529:Republicans
7421:China Swede
7004:Danchi babu
6917:Benshengren
6753:Ching chong
6654:East Asians
6405:White trash
6088:House Negro
5756:February 1,
5621:December 9,
5289:"Stijlboek"
5010:February 2,
4754:January 23,
4693:: 187–199.
4670:October 14,
3926:February 2,
3895:January 23,
3864:February 2,
3366:February 6,
3247:February 6,
3196:February 6,
3066:January 23,
2644:: 187–199.
2442:January 18,
2301:temnokozhij
2290:Help Needed
2250:: the word
2099:Schwarze/-r
2073:prête-plume
2068:ghostwriter
2013:('black').
1790:Patti Smith
1771:Sand nigger
1761:John Lennon
1702:denotations
1552:and is the
1436:portmanteau
1367:Derivatives
1313:Cornel West
1241:Keith Allan
1231:. Usage of
1041:hate speech
889:The use of
724:Thomas Nast
638:black pride
583:H.W. Fowler
564:was called
468:connotation
441:", about a
372:spellings,
326:('black').
240:John Lennon
112:, the term
79:racial slur
41:Niger State
8527:Categories
8164:Blackfella
8146:Żydokomuna
7957:Yestonians
7888:Ukrainians
7704:Sardinians
7689:Sardinians
7683:Sardegnolo
7649:Greaseball
7396:Cheesehead
7209:Mat Salleh
7122:Vietnamese
7085:Pakistanis
6886:Sangokujin
6849:Xiao Riben
6691:Sangokujin
6546:Oklahomans
6511:Half-breed
6377:Peckerwood
6181:Indigenous
6135:Pickaninny
6067:Black Buck
5901:. Boston:
5775:"nigger".
5715:Такие Дела
5611:1041202243
5544:October 9,
5439:Kielikello
5257:Volkskrant
5117:August 17,
4979:August 18,
4567:August 14,
4514:August 26,
3965:August 24,
3676:August 17,
3650:August 17,
3430:August 15,
3166:Conradiana
2768:August 17,
2734:August 18,
2695:August 18,
2414:References
2381:South Park
2355:Blackfella
2295:темнокожий
2279:чернокожий
2194:Portuguese
2105:Farbige/-r
1875:movement.
1869:Neo-Pagans
1852:The editor
1830:Historian
1566:niger seed
1558:homophones
1529:the N-word
1467:The N-word
1385:Niggerhead
1172:See also:
942:Elon James
895:Mark Twain
877:Mark Twain
799:said, "No
776:, invited
770:Lou Hoover
767:First Lady
671:vogue word
521:Mark Twain
489:The term "
358:John Rolfe
201:Mark Twain
137:adjective
96:the N-word
8358:immigrant
8346:Barbarian
8320:Outsiders
8156:Oceanians
8086:Conversos
7966:Estonians
7963:Russified
7830:Spaniards
7820:Serbomans
7667:Polentone
7613:West Brit
7505:Grecomans
7428:Finnjävel
7248:Albanians
7137:Europeans
7115:Filipinos
6903:Taiwanese
6781:Jook-sing
6630:Americans
6560:Americans
6449:Canadians
6309:Bahamians
6170:Uncle Tom
6036:Americans
5989:Boerehaat
5685:newizv.ru
5631:cite book
5041:0362-4331
4782:(11): 44.
4770:Mohr, Tim
4604:1937-7029
3828:March 13,
3798:March 12,
3702:March 13,
3348:1062-4783
3291:Encounter
3229:0951-2314
3178:0010-6356
3031:March 11,
2888:148122937
2847:August 8,
2658:0388-0001
2565:March 22,
2536:144164210
2528:0075-4242
2483:N-word, n
2476:neger, n.
2179:di colore
2163:di colore
2151:di colore
1971:: Негър (
1969:Bulgarian
1857:Green Egg
1825:Liverpool
1755:, artist
1694:Palestine
1658:niggardly
1630:Old Norse
1622:niggardly
1620:The word
1556:for some
1554:root word
1515:, of the
1505:euphemism
1469:euphemism
1339:... When
1325:companion
1037:Princeton
968:All Souls
897:'s novel
836:race card
756:President
643:Négritude
356:of 1619,
261:Early use
228:The word
124:phonology
91:euphemism
8494:Shkutzim
8391:Japanese
7999:Shi'ites
7856:Catalans
7843:Gachupín
7771:Russians
7630:Italians
7369:Teuchter
7300:Crachach
7223:Wasi'chu
6835:Jjokbari
6819:Japanese
6787:overseas
6746:Chinaman
6588:Chileans
6464:Mestizos
6435:Mexicans
6163:Tar-Baby
6095:Jim Crow
6010:Golliwog
5996:Choc ice
5967:Africans
5796:(2002).
5750:Archived
5725:July 25,
5719:Archived
5695:March 8,
5689:Archived
5665:March 8,
5659:Archived
5615:Archived
5574:June 12,
5568:Archived
5538:Archived
5443:Archived
5412:Archived
5373:Archived
5318:Van Dale
5297:Archived
5261:Archived
5230:Archived
5211:Archived
5111:Archived
5078:Archived
5073:BBC News
5045:Archived
5004:Archived
4973:Archived
4922:Archived
4894:vol 2 p6
4860:Archived
4807:Archived
4744:"Nigger"
4728:July 13,
4722:Archived
4639:July 23,
4561:Archived
4535:Archived
4508:Archived
4504:BBC News
4484:June 13,
4478:Archived
4451:Archived
4420:Archived
4393:Archived
4359:Archived
4331:June 23,
4325:Archived
4300:June 23,
4294:Archived
4263:Archived
4230:Archived
4199:Archived
4149:Archived
4095:Archived
4068:Archived
4041:Archived
4014:Archived
3983:(2000).
3959:Archived
3920:Archived
3838:Archived
3768:April 2,
3738:July 23,
3732:Archived
3670:Archived
3644:Archived
3613:Archived
3574:Archived
3535:Archived
3517:(2002).
3499:July 25,
3493:Archived
3454:Archived
3424:Archived
3360:Archived
3306:Archived
3270:Archived
3241:Archived
3237:20874005
3190:Archived
3186:24669418
3147:11031147
3090:Archived
3060:Archived
3025:Archived
2916:Archived
2892:Archived
2841:Archived
2829:(1921).
2805:Archived
2787:(1996).
2762:Archived
2728:Archived
2689:Archived
2559:Archived
2436:Archived
2388:Golliwog
2334:See also
2241:Negrotei
2236:Romanian
2176:, while
1989:тъмнокож
1985:чернокож
1981:Bulgaria
1842:(1988).
1757:Yoko Ono
1585:anatomic
1581:/ˈnɪɡər/
1577:/ˈniɡeɾ/
963:(GNAA).
903:(1885).
801:Vietcong
443:fugitive
368:. Later
174:such as
8481:Shegetz
8443:Chinese
8407:non-Jew
8290:Gypsies
8283:Didicoy
8212:Coconut
8080:Marrano
8009:Raghead
7896:Khokhol
7878:Xarnego
7866:Quinqui
7713:Terrone
7643:Goombah
7583:Shoneen
7553:Knacker
7471:Germans
7460:Gabacho
7414:Chukhna
7275:British
7167:Cracker
7145:General
7035:Indians
6958:Coconut
6943:General
6860:Koreans
6739:Ah Beng
6730:Chinese
6712:Twinkie
6662:General
6618:Wetback
6490:Greaser
6474:Coonass
6384:Redneck
6335:Cracker
6319:Coonass
6204:Unangan
6081:Colored
5881:3042395
5769:Sources
5153:2999172
5084:May 27,
5051:May 27,
4866:May 24,
4835:May 24,
4813:May 24,
4775:Playboy
4197:. NPR.
4066:. CNN.
3835:Alt URL
3758:ala.org
3356:3042239
3096:May 12,
2612:. HMH.
2479:and adj
2470:, s.v.
2320:Turkish
2308:Spanish
2248:Russian
2221:Crioulo
2188:colored
2134:Italian
2044:metonym
2034:Neekeri
2029:Finnish
2016:Zwartje
1962:Neekeri
1959:Finnish
1952:Spanish
1873:New Age
1836:Marxist
1668:Spanish
1450:gangsta
1446:hip hop
1344:making.
1202:hip-hop
1152:battery
1143:. In a
1062:Netflix
657:" and "
607:Passing
581:usage,
491:colored
384:and in
352:In the
339:Aethiop
275:Romance
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8502:Shiksa
8467:Savage
8436:Laowai
8428:Kuffar
8384:Gaijin
8374:Romani
8272:, and
8266:Romani
8255:Kanake
8248:Mongol
8196:Kanaka
8057:Khazar
7993:Rafida
7913:Others
7850:Polaco
7813:Shkije
7779:Moskal
7754:Polack
7661:Guinea
7523:Fenian
7497:Greeks
7438:French
7257:Šiptar
7230:Wigger
7216:Redleg
7195:Gweilo
7174:Farang
7153:Ang mo
7066:Keling
7059:Coolie
7043:Chinki
7025:Mayang
7018:Malaun
6997:Bongal
6972:Coolie
6911:Tai Ke
6801:Locust
6774:Coolie
6767:Chinky
6698:Toku-A
6670:Banana
6646:Asians
6604:Sudaca
6555:Pindos
6525:Newfie
6502:Cubans
6497:Gusano
6480:Cajuns
6444:Canuck
6430:Beaner
6422:Others
6412:Whitey
6342:Gringo
6325:Cajuns
6296:Buckra
6280:Whites
6190:Eskimo
6142:Rastus
6123:Nigger
6102:Macaca
6074:Cocolo
6017:Kaffir
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2088:German
2084:songs.
2050:French
2022:Nikker
2010:zwarte
1947:nigger
1783:nigger
1706:nigger
1654:nigger
1626:nigger
1562:nigger
1533:nigger
1521:nigger
1501:N-word
1441:wigger
1401:Nigger
1393:places
1337:
1333:nigger
1329:friend
1306:nigger
1294:
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1285:nigger
1281:nigga.
1245:nigger
1237:nigger
1229:nigger
1210:friend
1188:nigger
1149:felony
1031:, and
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920:nigger
891:nigger
858:nigger
820:nigger
688:niggah
678:nigger
593:nigger
511:nigger
378:neggar
362:negars
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331:nigger
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230:nigger
197:nigger
178:. The
167:nigger
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114:nigger
102:nigger
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8492:(pl.
8426:(pl.
8417:Kafir
8367:Gadjo
8336:Arabs
8302:Nawar
8241:Kebab
8232:Turks
8186:Māori
8116:Yekke
8050:Kafir
7984:Arabs
7943:Hunky
7933:Serbs
7903:Ukrop
7804:Serbs
7793:Tibla
7761:Pshek
7746:Poles
7655:Guido
7569:Pikey
7515:Irish
7487:Kraut
7406:Finns
7388:Dutch
7355:Taffy
7284:Limey
7202:Honky
7188:Guizi
7181:Guiri
7011:Dkhar
6808:Shina
6760:Chink
6569:Pocho
6458:Cholo
6370:Karen
6363:Honky
6349:Haole
6303:Conch
6289:Becky
6267:women
6259:Squaw
6200:Yupik
6196:Inuit
6156:Sambo
6127:Nigga
6116:Negro
6109:Mammy
6044:Black
6003:Cushi
5975:Abeed
5877:JSTOR
5505:(PDF)
5498:(PDF)
5149:JSTOR
4626:Nigga
4590:(1).
3352:JSTOR
3233:JSTOR
3182:JSTOR
2884:S2CID
2532:S2CID
2394:Notes
2324:Zenci
2313:Negro
2211:preto
2205:preto
2199:Negro
2182:is a
2174:black
2139:negro
2093:Neger
2078:Nègre
2056:Nègre
2004:Neger
1999:Dutch
1993:негър
1977:nègre
1973:negar
1955:negro
1672:Negro
1645:nigon
1642:word
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1283:(not
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1233:nigga
1225:nigga
1221:NAACP
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924:slave
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8389:non-
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7837:Dago
7637:Dago
7597:Taig
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6684:Gook
6597:Spic
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5907:ISBN
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5727:2023
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5667:2021
5637:link
5623:2020
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5546:2019
5509:and
5481:2019
5451:2020
5420:2020
5402:ISBN
5381:2020
5363:ISBN
5336:ISBN
5305:2016
5269:2016
5189:ISBN
5119:2007
5086:2023
5053:2023
5037:ISSN
5012:2021
4981:2010
4963:ISBN
4930:2016
4912:ISBN
4868:2019
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4815:2019
4756:2011
4730:2013
4672:2011
4641:2015
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4516:2020
4486:2020
4459:2019
4428:2019
4401:2019
4367:2019
4333:2018
4302:2018
4271:2019
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7538:Hun
7480:Hun
7332:Pom
7237:Wog
6842:Nip
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6024:Wog
5869:doi
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