91:
34:
1335:'s islands, there is an old belief that identifies the cause of sleep paralysis in a demoniac being called "Ammuttadori". This ghoulish creature sits in the chest of the sleeping victim, suffocating him and, sometimes, ripping the skin with his nails. It is also believed, in some parts of the island, that this demon wears seven red caps on his head: if the victim resists the pain and succeeds to steal one of the caps, he will soon find a hidden treasure as a reward.
297:, "eat! eat!" in an attempt to prolong the possession for a chance to converse with the dead relative or spirit and seek answers as to why he or she has come back. The person waking up from the experience is often asked to immediately curse or chase the spirit of the dead relative, which sometimes involves literally speaking to the spirit and telling him or her to go away or using expletives.
1441:. Victims report primarily three different entities, a man with a hat, the old hag noted above, and a hooded figure. Sleep paralysis is known to involve a component of hallucination in 20% of the cases, which may explain these sightings. Sleep paralysis in combination with hallucinations has long been suggested as a possible explanation for reported
1051:
is characterized by its occurrence, a female preponderance, the perception of an underlying feud between the sufferer's earthly spouse and a "spiritual" spouse, and the event of bewitchment through eating while dreaming. The condition is believed to be treatable through
Christian prayers or elaborate
700:
mythology this is caused by an invisible creature called a "Roch", Some people believe that a "Roch" lives in every house and attacks somebody if the house has not been cleaned. One also experiences this if one has been doing something evil, satanic or derives pleasure from the misfortunes of others.
277:
who leaves her physical body at night, and sits on the chest of her victim. The victim usually wakes with a feeling of terror, has difficulty breathing because of a perceived heavy invisible weight on his or her chest, and is unable to move i.e., experiences sleep paralysis. This nightmare experience
1087:
personification of the depression that often results from the act of quitting chewing khat. 'Dukak' often appears in hallucinations of the quitters and metes out punishments to its victims for offending him by quitting. The punishments are often in the form of implausible physical punishments (e.g.,
1067:
is used to refer something strongly pressing one down. This mostly refers to the spiritual world in which some spirit—especially an evil one—tries to use its victim for some evil purpose. The people believe that witches can only be people of close relations to be effective, and hence a witches often
1029:
culture, it is known as "Khapasa". It is believed that it is a ghost without thumb fingers. The ghost tries to suffocate you by pressing your throat and sitting on your chest. However, since the ghost has no thumbs finger that is why it cannot suffocate effectively by using just the index and middle
312:
hat who appears to women who are usually tired or suffering and stops them from moving. It is believed that if they can take his golden hat, he will grant them a wish, but then he will visit them frequently although he is harmless. There are talismans that can provide protection from Mokthi and one
1448:
Several studies show that
African-Americans may be predisposed to isolated sleep paralysis—known in folklore as "the witch is riding your back" "the witch is riding you" or "the haint is riding you." Other studies show that African-Americans who experience frequent episodes of isolated sleep
411:
In
Eastern Chinese folklore, it is thought that a mouse can steal human breath at night. Human breath strengthens the mouse, allowing it longevity and the ability to briefly become human at night, in a similar fashion to fox spirits. The mouse sits near the person's face or under their
1460:("she who steps"). She is described as a tall, skinny old woman, with long dirty nails in dried toes, white tangled hair, a long nose, staring red eyes, and greenish teeth on her evil laugh. She lives over the roofs, waiting to step on the chest of those who sleep with a full stomach.
1323:
is an enormous dog (or sometimes a cat) that goes into people's houses in the night and puts itself on their chests making it difficult for them to breathe and causing them the most horrible nightmares. The
Pesanta is black and hairy, with steel paws, but with holes so it cannot take
1216:(since it is generally female) believed to cause nightmares (the origin of the word 'Nightmare' itself is derived from an English cognate of her name). Other European cultures share variants of the same folklore, calling her under different names; Proto-Germanic:
293:, being "eaten" by a demon. In many cases the demon can be the spirit of a recently dead relative who has come back for some unfinished business, or has come to communicate some important news to the living. Often persons sleeping near the afflicted person say
244:. The mare is a damned woman, who is cursed and her body is carried mysteriously during sleep and without her noticing. In this state, she visits villagers to sit on their rib cages while they are asleep, causing them to experience nightmares. The Swedish film
507:
means "shaman of the white direction" (referring to shamans who only invoke benevolent spirits). Compare 'karabasan' (the dark presser) in
Turkish, which may date from pre-Islamic times when the Turks had the same religion and mythology as the Mongols. See
328:
In
Nigeria, "ISP appears to be far more common and recurrent among people of African descent than among whites or Nigerian Africans," and is often referred to within African communities as "the Devil on your back." and is called "Dannau" by the Hausa
1299:, an entity in Maltese folk culture that haunts the individual in ways similar to a poltergeist. As believed in folk culture, to get rid of the Haddiela, one must place a piece of silverware or a knife under the pillow prior to sleep.
595:. It is described as an event in which the person is sleeping and dreams that one or more ghostly figures are nearby or even holding him or her down. The sufferer is unable to move or make any noises. This is not to be confused with
1310:, it is believed that sleep paralysis occurs when a ghost-like creature or Demon named Mora, Vrahnas or Varypnas (Greek: Μόρα, Βραχνάς, Βαρυπνάς) tries to steal the victim's speech or sits on the victim's chest causing asphyxiation.
988:("the dark presser/assailer"). It is believed to be a creature that attacks people in their sleep, pressing on their chest and stealing their breath. However, folk legends do not provide a reason why the devil or ifrit does that.
453:), literally "bound or fastened in metal", from "kane" (metal) and "shibaru" (to bind, to tie, to fasten). This term is occasionally used by English speaking authors to refer to the phenomenon both in academic papers and in
1449:
paralysis, i.e., reporting having one or more sleep paralysis episodes per month coined as "sleep paralysis disorder," were predisposed to panic attacks. This finding has been replicated by other independent researchers.
1401:
In Mexico, it is believed that this is caused by the spirit of a dead person. This ghost lies down upon the body of the sleeper, rendering them unable to move. People refer to this as "subirse el muerto" (dead person on
1111:"), which refers to a creature sitting on one's chest making it difficult for him/her to breathe. It is attributed to result from a person sleeping on his back. Most people also recall being strangled by this 'creature'.
1055:
In Egypt, it is called Kaboos (كابوس) "Compressor" and its very similar to
Jathoom in other neighbouring cultures. It is widely attributed to djinn who might be doing it out of malevolence, mischief, or simply by
675:
in
Indonesia), which means "being pressed." Incidents are commonly considered the work of a malign agency; occurring in what are explained as blind spots in the field of vision, they are reported as demonic
123:. It is a phenomenon in which the sleeper feels the presence of a supernatural, malevolent being which immobilizes the person as if sitting on their chest or the foot of their bed. The word "night-mare" or "
1075:(ዱካክ, "depression") is used, which is believed to be an evil spirit that possesses people during their sleep. Some people believe this experience is a symptom of withdrawal from the stimulant
354:), comes to the victim's room, holds him or her down hard enough not to allow any kind of movement, and starts to strangle the person. To get rid of the demonic creature, one needs to pray to
1022:. It is believed to be a demon that attacks people in their sleep, and particularly children of young age, and steals their breath away as they breathe heavily and keeps it out of reach.
127:" was used to describe this phenomenon before the word received its modern, more general meaning. Various cultures have various names for this phenomenon and supernatural character.
1365:
of a killed (strangled, drowned, hanged) person and attacks both people and domestic animals. When under attack, one must move the toe of the left foot to get rid of the attacker.
480:), literally, "being pressed down by something scary in a dream." It is often associated with a belief that a ghost or spirit is lying on top of or pressing down on the sufferer.
664:
has been believed to takes on a form of grotesque, obese woman who sat on her victim's chest. People who claim to survive such nightmares report symptoms of sleep paralysis.
2042:
Adler, Shelley R. (2011). Sleep
Paralysis: Night-mares, Nocebos, and the Mind-Body Connection. New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London: Rutgers University Press.
1047:("nocturnal warfare") involves an acute night-time disturbance that is culturally attributed to demonic infiltration of the body and psyche during dreaming.
370:. Moreover, in some derivatives of the stories, the jinn has a wide hat and if the person can show the courage and take its hat, the djinn becomes his slave.
1808:
Aina OF, Famuyiwa OO (2007). "Ogun Oru: a traditional explanation for nocturnal neuropsychiatric disturbances among the Yoruba of
Southwest Nigeria".
2213:
1983:
2047:
1746:
1724:
1514:
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147:
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puts the victim in a bottle and shakes the bottle vigorously) or outrageous tasks the victim must perform (e.g., swallow a bag of gravel).
55:
969:
sitting on top of the person or is also choking them. It is said that it can be prevented by sleeping on your right side and reading the
2157:
Friedman S, Paradis CM, Hatch M (1994). "Characteristics of African-Americans and white patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia".
434:: guǐ yā chuáng), which literally translates into "ghost pressing on body" or "ghost pressing on bed." A more modern term is "夢魘/梦魇" (
701:
This creature is also known as "pasikdhar" or a "sayaa" or as "GharDivta" by Kashmiri Pandits (Kashmiri aboriginals with Hindu faith)
1680:
Fukuda K, Miyasita A, Inugami M, Ishihara K (1987). "High prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis: kanashibari phenomenon in Japan".
77:
1387:
who kidnaps naughty and misbehaving children who is out late at night, puts children into his gunnysack and disappeared overnight.
1783:
660:
650:
623:
90:
1853:"The Prevalence of Khat –Induced Psychotic Reactions among College Students: A Case in Jimma University College of Agriculture"
2002:
2218:
2198:
1437:
In contemporary western culture the phenomenon of supernatural assault are thought to be the work of what are known as
1940:
48:
42:
645:
22:
2203:
1415:
254:
1011:, and it is believed if the dreamer reaches out and holds his nose, he would tell him/her where the treasure is.
340:, and is similar to other stories of demonic visitation during sleep. A supernatural being, commonly known as a
59:
2208:
1557:
690:
1418:, it is known as the 'Old Hag'. In island folklore, the Hag can be summoned to attack a third party, like a
176:
1003:: بختک), which is a ghost-like creature that sits on the dreamer's chest, making breathing hard for them.
405:
155:, a term that evolved into our modern definition. Such sleep paralysis was widely considered the work of
1662:
618:
attacks "sleepers" by sitting on their chests, sometimes attempting to strangle them. Some believe that
301:
229:
397:). Some people claim that this spirit may even cause bruises. Stories about this spirit are common in
266:
245:
164:
1980:
1272:. The origin of the belief itself is much older, back to the reconstructed Proto Indo-European root
282:
lore. The "Old Hag" was a nightmare spirit in British and also Anglophone North American folklore.
2139:
1833:
1641:
1391:
844:
774:
686:
630:
475:
454:
183:
1346:(heavy lying) and this term has become the general term for 'nightmare' in the modern language.
1043:
is a traditional explanation for nocturnal disturbances among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria;
924:, after a ghost-like figure believed to reside in the darkness under the staircases of a house.
2174:
2131:
2096:
2043:
1921:
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322:
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1431:
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which means a demon that presses and covers the sleeper's body so they cannot move or speak.
1100:
1096:
1000:
891:
509:
351:
2114:
Paradis CM, Friedman S (2006). "Sleep Paralysis in African Americans with Panic Disorder".
1987:
1442:
1339:
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520:
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423:
233:
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136:
120:
119:
is the name given to a supernatural creature, commonly associated with the phenomenon of
1955:
491:(written kara darahu), meaning "to be pressed by the Black" or "when the Dark presses."
103:(1781) is thought to be one of the classic depictions of sleep paralysis perceived as a
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2074:
1596:
1579:
1395:
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1015:
992:
902:
461:
450:
262:
142:
1787:
1140:, is believed to originally have meant sleep paralysis, as it is formed from the word
953:), literally "What sits heavily on something". In folklore across Arab countries, the
2223:
2192:
1438:
1427:
970:
872:
762:
742:
715:
578:
487:, nightmares in general as well as sleep paralysis is referred to by the verb-phrase
390:
382:
270:
200:
95:
2143:
1837:
610:
culture, sleep paralysis is understood to be caused by a nocturnal pressing spirit,
1470:
1060:
852:
808:
607:
587:
566:
499:
means "shaman of the black" (shamans of the dark side only survive in far-northern
215:
100:
2006:
1891:
1355:
2075:"Further studies on the prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis in black subjects"
1903:
1962:(in Latvian). Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Latvia
917:
778:
750:
562:
398:
1742:"Bangungut in Manila: sudden and unexplained death in sleep of adult Filipinos"
1529:
Hersen, Turner & Beidel. (2007) Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis. p. 380
1578:
Bell CC, Shakoor B, Thompson B, Dew D, Hughley E, Mays R, et al. (1984).
2127:
2059:
1925:
1878:
1869:
1821:
1693:
1394:
several people reported night-attacks by various alleged witches, including
1314:
697:
513:
309:
124:
2135:
1829:
1760:
1741:
864:
758:
367:
2178:
2100:
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1701:
1605:
1405:
In many parts of the Southern United States, the phenomenon is known as a
1328:
1291:, folk culture attributes a sleep paralysis incident to an attack by the
1213:
848:
840:
812:
793:
789:
770:
705:
500:
374:
359:
241:
211:
2170:
2028:
Firestone, M. (1985). "The "Old Hag": Sleep paralysis in Newfoundland".
1319:
1277:
1199:
1160:
1129:
959:
884:
754:
710:
655:
237:
207:
160:
1430:
writes that in local culture the way to call the Hag is to recite the
1411:, and the event is said to portend an approaching tragedy or accident.
1052:
traditional rituals designed to exorcise the imbibed demonic elements.
1453:
1350:
1307:
1303:
1209:
981:
856:
832:
824:
816:
766:
536:
435:
431:
427:
363:
333:
279:
258:
1491:
Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art
547:, literally meaning shadow, refers to a kind of spiritual pollution.
1719:. New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London: Rutgers University Press.
1717:
Sleep Paralysis: Night-mares, Nocebos, and the Mind-Body Connection
1419:
1353:
folk culture sleep paralysis is called a torture or strangling by
1332:
1288:
1171:) and can be attributed to a number of supernatural entities like
974:
965:
938:
880:
876:
868:
836:
804:
800:
786:
782:
746:
734:
730:
719:
378:
377:
it is believed that sleep paralysis and discomfort is caused by a
355:
313:
way is to put one's husband's hat near the pillow while sleeping.
156:
104:
89:
1361:
1108:
1076:
860:
828:
820:
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342:
286:
1906:, Magyar Néprajzi Lexikon, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1977, ISBN
1894:, Magyar Néprajzi Lexikon, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1977, ISBN
1407:
274:
27:
1537:
1535:
141:
The original definition of sleep paralysis was codified by
1580:"Prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis in black subjects"
1456:, there is a legend about a mythological being called the
1202:
folk culture sleep paralysis is generally called having a
757:
people. People, especially children and young girls, wear
163:, which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. In
667:
In Malay of Malay Peninsula, sleep paralysis is known as
495:
means black, and may refer to the dark side personified.
1558:"Contemporary Cauchemar: Experience, Belief, Prevention"
792:
a person. Some homes and places are also believed to be
1136:(dream paralysis), but the Finnish word for nightmare,
905:
culture, this particular phenomenon is referred to as
894:, the phenomenon of sleep paralysis is referred to as
1114:
In the Moroccan culture, sleep paralysis is known as
1509:(in Albanian). Tiranë, Albania: Plejad. p. 97.
539:), which translates roughly as "oppressed/struck by
1551:
1549:
1547:
1068:
try to use one's spirit to bewitch one's relatives.
708:, sleep paralysis is considered an encounter with
250:examines the folklore surrounding sleep paralysis.
1018:culture, sleep paralysis is often referred to as
984:culture, sleep paralysis is often referred to as
941:Culture, sleep paralysis is often referred to as
815:people living there especially during the night.
654:has traditionally been attributed to nightmares.
2005:. El Universal. February 6, 2009. Archived from
1507:Fjalor i Mitologjisë dhe Demonologjisë Shqiptare
426:, sleep paralysis is widely known as "鬼壓身/鬼压身" (
408:, it is sometimes referred to as "witch riding".
1398:, that may have been caused by sleep paralysis.
927:In Karnataka, it is called 'Othada Thuliyodhu'.
847:. The homes, houses, buildings and grounds are
749:'. It is also assumed that it is caused by the
1232:; Icelandic, Old Norse, Faroese, and Swedish:
308:is believed to be a male spirit with a golden
199:. The word might be etymologically cognate to
1573:
1571:
510:Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples
8:
473:
2079:Journal of the National Medical Association
2073:Bell CC, Dixie-Bell DD, Thompson B (1986).
1857:Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences
1584:Journal of the National Medical Association
445:culture, sleep paralysis is referred to as
2030:The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology
278:is described as being "hag-ridden" in the
2090:
1868:
1759:
1595:
913:meaning "the ghost that forces one down."
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
2003:"¿Has sentido que se te sube el muerto?"
41:This article includes a list of general
1740:Munger RG, Elizabeth A. Booton (1998).
1482:
1248:; Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Slovene:
1163:folk culture sleep paralysis is called
1132:folk culture sleep paralysis is called
843:on individuals who are believed to be
1747:International Journal of Epidemiology
1495:, edited by Green, Thomas A., p. 588
932:Middle-East, Western and Central Asia
733:who have taken over one's body. This
637:, meaning "held down by a ghost," or
586:
577:
236:, a supernatural creature related to
7:
523:, sleep paralysis is often known as
273:describe the negative figure of the
148:A Dictionary of the English Language
1191:itself stems from the Turkish root
950:
289:, the experience is interpreted as
1960:Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
1941:"S'Ammutadori... demone del sonno"
1920:(128). Barcelona: 16. April 2013.
1424:The Terror that Comes in the Night
1342:culture sleep paralysis is called
641:, meaning "held down by a shadow."
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2159:Hospital and Community Psychiatry
1564:. The Louisiana Folklife Program.
232:, sleep paralysis is caused by a
1317:legend and popular culture, the
624:sudden arrhythmic death syndrome
32:
2214:Sleep in mythology and folklore
1071:In Ethiopian culture the word
474:
167:the name for these beings was
1:
430:: guǐ yā shēn) or "鬼壓床/鬼压床" (
1541:Mattek, (2005) Memoirs p. 34
1152:, and the diminutive suffix
920:culture it is also known as
633:, sleep paralysis is called
464:, sleep paralysis is called
1284:"to rub away" or "to harm."
16:Supernatural night creature
2240:
2062:. The Skeptics Dictionary.
1956:"Latviešu tautas ticējumi"
684:
569:sleep paralysis is called
336:sleep paralysis is called
134:
23:Night hag (disambiguation)
20:
753:performed by enemies and
394:
2128:10.1177/1363461505050720
2116:Transcultural Psychiatry
1870:10.4314/ejesc.v2i1.41977
1822:10.1177/1363461507074968
1810:Transcultural Psychiatry
1359:. It is thought to be a
1187:(demon lover). The word
691:Superstition in Pakistan
159:, and more specifically
1784:"Klinik Gangguan Tidur"
995:culture it is known as
62:more precise citations.
1694:10.1093/sleep/10.3.279
1144:, which translates to
1030:fingers of both hands.
811:beings and they could
406:Southern United States
108:
1562:Folklife in Louisiana
1252:; Bulgarian, Polish:
1195:, meaning "to press."
916:In Nepal, especially
785:could also result in
302:Albanian folk beliefs
230:Scandinavian folklore
93:
2219:Supernatural legends
2009:on December 31, 2014
1761:10.1093/ije/27.4.677
1422:. In his 1982 book,
957:is believed to be a
21:For other uses, see
2199:Folklore characters
2171:10.1176/ps.45.8.798
2032:: Section 8, 47–66.
1939:Domenico Corraine.
1556:Katherine Roberts.
622:is responsible for
603:, ghost possession.
575:Thai pronunciation:
505:tsaghaan zugiin buu
191:), hence comes the
1986:2012-04-25 at the
1392:Salem witch trials
1295:who is married to
1079:. The evil spirit
687:Pakistani folklore
646:Philippine culture
631:Vietnamese culture
588:[pʰǐi.ʔàm]
584:Lao pronunciation:
579:[pʰǐi.ʔam]
325:means "Nightmare".
109:
2060:"Sleep Paralysis"
2048:978-0-8135-4886-9
1726:978-0-8135-4885-2
1715:Adler SR (2011).
1516:978-99956-706-1-0
1505:Qazimi A (2008).
1103:, it is known as
883:, recited by the
485:Mongolian culture
88:
87:
80:
2231:
2204:Sleep physiology
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1981:Justice at Salem
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1851:Gorfu M (2006).
1848:
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1786:. Archived from
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1640:. Archived from
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1542:
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1496:
1493: : volume 1
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1428:David J. Hufford
1385:Haitian bogeyman
1280:, from the root
1101:Southeast Africa
1097:Swahili speaking
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1499:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1467:
1443:alien abduction
1381:Uncle Gunnysack
1372:
1340:Scottish Gaelic
1220:; Old English:
1169:lidérc pressing
1125:
1107:("strangled by
1085:anthropomorphic
1037:
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898:("speechless").
875:: أَذَان), the
693:
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583:
574:
554:
552:South-East Asia
521:Tibetan culture
424:Chinese culture
419:
253:Folk belief in
225:
139:
137:Sleep paralysis
133:
131:Sleep paralysis
121:sleep paralysis
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1396:Bridget Bishop
1388:
1377:Tonton Macoute
1375:In Haiti, the
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550:
549:
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517:
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462:Korean culture
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439:
418:
415:
414:
413:
409:
402:
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283:
263:South Carolina
251:
224:
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177:proto-Germanic
143:Samuel Johnson
135:Main article:
132:
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2122:(1): 123–34.
2121:
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2008:
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1961:
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1823:
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1804:
1801:
1790:on 2015-02-21
1789:
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1655:
1644:on 2014-02-26
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1440:
1439:shadow people
1436:
1433:
1432:Lord's Prayer
1429:
1425:
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1244:; Old Irish:
1243:
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1239:
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1102:
1098:
1094:
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1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:Shona culture
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:small fortune
1006:
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534:
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421:
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392:
388:
384:
383:Thai folklore
380:
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365:
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271:United States
268:
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102:
98:
97:
96:The Nightmare
92:
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79:
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2013:February 21,
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
1997:
1990:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1934:
1917:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1863:(1): 63–84.
1860:
1856:
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1816:(1): 44–54.
1813:
1809:
1803:
1792:. Retrieved
1788:the original
1778:
1751:
1745:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1685:
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1675:
1666:
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1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1632:
1623:
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1525:
1506:
1500:
1490:
1485:
1471:Night terror
1457:
1423:
1416:Newfoundland
1406:
1380:
1360:
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1343:
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1296:
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1257:
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1185:ördögszerető
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1165:lidércnyomás
1164:
1153:
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1104:
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1080:
1072:
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1040:
1019:
1008:
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996:
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971:Throne Verse
964:
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942:
921:
910:
906:
895:
863:by reciting
809:supernatural
779:incantations
745:: بختک) or '
738:
737:is known as
709:
672:
668:
659:
649:
638:
634:
619:
615:
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570:
567:Thai culture
544:
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524:
504:
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465:
446:
438:: mèng yǎn).
386:
347:
341:
337:
318:
314:
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295:kania, kania
294:
290:
255:Newfoundland
246:
214:
203:
196:
192:
186:
179:
172:
168:
152:
146:
140:
116:
112:
110:
101:Henry Fuseli
94:
74:
68:October 2016
65:
46:
18:
1966:21 February
1390:During the
1344:trom-laidhe
1230:nachtmerrie
1183:(fairy) or
1138:painajainen
1116:bou rattat,
1065:madzikirira
853:consecrated
751:black magic
718:: شيطان ) (
669:kena tindih
601:khmout jool
489:khar darakh
472::
457:literature.
447:kanashibari
399:Thai comics
358:by reading
291:kana tevoro
165:Old English
107:visitation.
60:introducing
2193:Categories
1954:P. Šmits.
1904:boszorkány
1794:2015-02-21
1648:2015-02-21
1638:"Truelife"
1477:References
1434:backwards.
1268:; Slovak:
1256:; French:
1236:; Danish:
1224:; German:
1189:boszorkány
1177:boszorkány
1175:(wraith),
1134:unihalvaus
839:) perform
765:: تعویز) (
685:See also:
681:South Asia
673:ketindihan
497:Kharin buu
466:gawi nulim
43:references
1926:1695-2014
1879:1998-8907
1624:tarad.com
1458:pisadeira
1356:Lietuvēns
1331:, one of
1324:anything.
1315:Catalonia
1293:Haddiela,
1264:; Czech:
1258:cauchemar
1246:morrigain
1228:; Dutch:
1179:(witch),
1161:Hungarian
1099:areas of
1063:the word
1056:accident.
986:karabasan
911:Amuku Pei
845:possessed
807:or other
661:bangungot
651:bangungot
559:Cambodian
514:Tengriism
503:), while
455:pop psych
417:East Asia
412:nostrils.
385:known as
366:from the
338:Karabasan
197:nightmare
184:Old Norse
153:nightmare
125:nightmare
113:night hag
2144:10099530
2136:15881272
1984:Archived
1838:20050022
1830:17379609
1465:See also
1370:Americas
1329:Sardinia
1214:succubus
1105:jinamizi
1049:Ogun oru
1045:ogun oru
1041:Ogun Oru
955:Ja-thoom
943:Ja-thoom
907:Amuku Be
879:call to
841:exorcism
790:haunting
771:evil eye
706:Pakistan
698:Kashmiri
676:figures.
626:(SANDS).
620:dab tsog
616:Dab tsog
612:dab tsog
597:pee khao
533:dip-phok
501:Mongolia
443:Japanese
375:Thailand
360:Al-Falaq
323:Albanian
247:Marianne
223:Folklore
212:Sanskrit
206:(in the
195:part in
175:(from a
2179:7982696
2101:3746934
2092:2571385
1770:9758125
1702:3629091
1606:6737506
1597:2561758
1351:Latvian
1320:Pesanta
1278:incubus
1200:Iceland
1150:presser
1142:painaja
1130:Finnish
1027:Pashtun
1020:motakka
1016:Kurdish
1005:Bakhtak
1001:Persian
997:bakhtak
993:Persian
982:Turkish
973:of the
960:shayṭān
892:Bengali
885:muezzin
877:Islamic
857:Mullahs
849:blessed
833:Mullahs
825:Maulvis
805:satanic
794:haunted
755:jealous
739:bakhtak
711:Shaitan
656:Batibat
639:bóng đè
571:phǐǐ am
525:dip-non
404:In the
381:of the
352:Turkish
269:in the
267:Georgia
242:succubi
208:Odyssey
145:in his
117:old hag
105:demonic
56:improve
2177:
2142:
2134:
2099:
2089:
2046:
1924:
1892:lidérc
1877:
1836:
1828:
1768:
1723:
1700:
1620:"ผีอำ"
1604:
1594:
1513:
1454:Brazil
1308:Cyprus
1304:Greece
1210:goblin
1181:tündér
1173:lidérc
1146:pusher
1123:Europe
1083:is an
1035:Africa
1007:means
966:'ifrīt
963:or an
947:Arabic
922:Khyaak
918:Newari
881:prayer
865:Qur'an
837:Faqirs
817:Muslim
801:ghosts
787:ghouls
783:curses
775:Spells
767:Amulet
759:Ta'wiz
731:demons
591:) and
565:, and
537:Ladakh
470:Korean
436:pinyin
432:pinyin
428:pinyin
387:Phi Am
368:Qur'an
364:Al-Nas
334:Turkey
329:people
319:Makthi
315:Mokthi
306:Mokthi
280:Gullah
259:Canada
238:incubi
210:) and
182:, cf.
180:*marōn
161:incubi
157:demons
45:, but
2140:S2CID
1834:S2CID
1682:Sleep
1420:curse
1402:you).
1383:is a
1333:Italy
1297:Hares
1289:Malta
1276:, an
1274:mora-
1262:moroi
1218:marōn
1212:or a
1090:dukak
1081:dukak
1073:dukak
975:Quran
951:جاثوم
903:Tamil
869:Adhan
861:Imams
829:Sufis
821:Imams
813:haunt
747:ifrit
735:ghoul
727:jinns
720:Satan
635:ma đè
608:Hmong
531:) or
379:ghost
356:Allah
204:Marōn
201:Greek
99:, by
2224:Jinn
2175:PMID
2132:PMID
2097:PMID
2044:ISBN
2015:2015
1968:2013
1922:ISSN
1875:ISSN
1826:PMID
1766:PMID
1721:ISBN
1698:PMID
1602:PMID
1511:ISBN
1362:soul
1306:and
1282:mer-
1270:mora
1266:můra
1254:mara
1250:môra
1242:mare
1238:mare
1234:mara
1226:Mahr
1222:mære
1208:. A
1205:Mara
1193:bas-
1154:-nen
1109:jinn
1088:the
1077:khat
939:Arab
896:boba
873:Urdu
867:and
851:and
798:evil
781:and
763:Urdu
743:Urdu
724:evil
716:Urdu
689:and
671:(or
599:and
529:Kham
512:and
493:Kara
476:가위눌림
395:ผีอำ
391:Thai
362:and
343:jinn
287:Fiji
265:and
261:and
240:and
234:mare
216:Māra
193:mare
188:mara
173:mære
169:mare
111:The
2167:doi
2124:doi
2087:PMC
1865:doi
1818:doi
1756:doi
1690:doi
1592:PMC
1452:In
1414:In
1408:hag
1379:or
1349:In
1338:In
1327:In
1313:In
1302:In
1287:In
1198:In
1159:In
1148:or
1128:In
1095:In
1025:In
1014:In
991:In
980:In
937:In
909:or
901:In
890:In
859:or
855:by
796:by
729:or
722:),
704:In
696:In
658:or
644:In
629:In
606:In
563:Lao
557:In
545:dip
543:";
541:dip
519:In
483:In
460:In
451:金縛り
441:In
422:In
373:In
350:in
348:cin
332:In
321:in
317:or
310:fez
300:In
285:In
275:hag
257:in
228:In
171:or
151:as
115:or
2195::
2173:.
2163:45
2161:.
2138:.
2130:.
2120:42
2118:.
2095:.
2083:78
2081:.
2077:.
1958:.
1873:.
1859:.
1855:.
1832:.
1824:.
1814:44
1812:.
1764:.
1752:27
1750:.
1744:.
1696:.
1686:10
1684:.
1665:.
1622:.
1600:.
1588:76
1586:.
1582:.
1570:^
1560:.
1546:^
1534:^
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648:,
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393::
304:,
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2181:.
2169::
2146:.
2126::
2103:.
2017:.
1970:.
1943:.
1928:.
1881:.
1867::
1861:2
1840:.
1820::
1797:.
1772:.
1758::
1729:.
1704:.
1692::
1669:.
1651:.
1626:.
1608:.
1519:.
1445:.
1167:(
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999:(
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25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
