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in 1920. In a vain attempt to work out the problems with the
Dragonfly engine, four Nighthawks were also retained by the R.A.E. with experiments carried out in 1920–21. The K-151 was further converted to a two-seater with a new cockpit fitted forward of the pilot's position and was sent to India and
282:
II engine, this used a
Nighthawk undercarriage, rear fuselage and tail with new, single-bay wings, first flying on 20 June 1921. It was modified progressively to reduce drag and increase speed, with the wing area at one stage being reduced from the original 205 ft (19.0m) to 165 ft (15.3
177:
under development which was meant to deliver 340 hp (254 kW) while weighing only 600 lb (272 kg), and on the basis of the promised performance, was ordered into production in large numbers. The design was also projected as a shipboard fighter, although this was considered a
246:
with the aircraft incorporating a more streamlined fuselage, rounded tips on the upper wings and a tightly cowled engine installation. In testing, the
Goshawk reached 166.5 mph (268.0 km/h), a British record at the time. On 12 July 1921 the Goshawk was destroyed when
194:). When the engine could be persuaded to work, the Nighthawk showed excellent performance, but in September 1919, it was finally recognised that the Dragonfly was unsalvagable and the engine programme was cancelled, although by this time 1,147 engines had been delivered.
287:. Although the recorded speed of 212.15 mph (342 km/h) was faster than the existing record, it did not exceed it by the required margin, so the record was not recognised. In 1923, this aircraft was modified with new wings and a more powerful Lion engine as the
189:
flying in April or May 1919. By this time, it was clear that the
Dragonfly had serious problems, being prone to extreme overheating (which was so severe as to char propeller hubs), high fuel consumption and severe vibration (inadvertently being designed to run at its
263:, who also hired Folland as chief designer. Gloster proceeded to produce a number of derivatives of the Nighthawk, using stocks of Nighthawk components acquired by the company from the cancelled production run, calling them the
234:
Malaya in 1920 for a series of sales-promotion flights. After completing the first "newspaper" flight from Bombay to Poona in
February 1920, delivering newspapers, the sales demonstrator was sold to India in September 1920.
135:. Although ordered into production before the aircraft first flew, it did not enter large scale service with the RAF owing to unreliable engines. Re-engined aircraft did see service in Greece, serving from 1923 to 1938.
241:
where it placed fourth at an average speed of 132.67 mph (213.51 km/h). After appearing in the 1921 event, the aircraft was privately sold. A much-modified
Nighthawk appeared in 1920, designated the
395:
B.R. 2. All of the series of 22 Nightjars were converted from available stocks of original
Nighthawks. Nightjars were used operationally during the Chanak Crisis in 1922 and were operated from
1298:
1273:, Volume XI, Issue 48, No. 570, 27 November 1919, pp. 1524–1532; contemporary technical description of the original Dragonfly-engined Nighthawk with photographs and drawings.
342:
I powered by a 185 hp
Siddeley Lynx, that became the prototype for a small production run of Grouse II for Sweden. The Grouse series was the progenitor of the later
185:. An initial order for 150 Nighthawks was placed in August 1918, well before prototypes or flight-ready engines were available, with the first prototype, serial number
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rotary engine. The
Japanese Sparrowhawks were flown from the Yokosuka Naval Base as well as from platforms built on gun turrets of warships. The
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A new civil
Nighthawk, registered G-EAJY, again modified to a two-seater, had its wingspan reduced by two ft and was flown at the 1920
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radial. In 1922, the RAF acquired 29 aircraft converted from Nieuport Nighthawks, powered by both Jaguar and Jupiter engines, while
201:, with a further 54 airframes without engines being completed. Small numbers of Dragonfly-powered Nighthawks were delivered to the
283:
m), in this form setting a British speed record of 196.4 mph (313.3 km/h). In 1922, the aircraft made an attempt on the
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with the first civil registered aircraft, K-151 appearing on 21 June 1919 at the first postwar Aerial Derby at
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291:. The Gloster I was sold to the RAF in December 1923, being fitted with floats and used as a Trainer for the
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Nieuport & General closed down in August 1920, and the rights to the Nighthawk were purchased by the
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The Mars I, after conversion to the Gloster I, was fitted with floats and used as a training
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as chief designer, the company started to design its own aircraft, with the first type, the
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Squadrons. The 25 Greek aircraft were delivered in 1923, remaining in service until 1938.
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The Nieuport & General Aircraft Co. Ltd. was formed on 16 November 1916 to produce
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A further factory conversion of a Mars III (civil registered as G-EAYN) led to the
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produced RAF Specification Type 1 for a single-seat fighter to be powered by the
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fighter (the designation signifying British Nieuport) flying early in 1918.
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To meet this requirement, Folland designed the Nighthawk, a wooden two-bay
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Civil version, appearing in both single- and two-seater configurations.
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Nighthawk conversion with smaller lower wing, equipped with 185 hp
1149:
Bruce, J.M. "Sopwith Snipe... the RAF's First Fighter. (Part 2)."
541:
324:
297:
335:(known as the Mars X) was a similar carrier fighter for the RAF.
369:
298:
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225:. An additional Nighthawk prototype (H8553) was fitted with a
446:
Rebuild of Mars 1 with more powerful engine and smaller wing.
251:
fatally crashed while practising for the 1921 Aerial Derby.
1008:"Mars I's wonderful performance at Martlesham: 212 m.p.h.!"
1155:, Volume 6, Number 6, June 1974. Bromley, UK: Fine Scroll.
278:) racing aircraft. Powered by a 450 hp (336 kW)
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in 1923 for more extensive evaluation, being tested by
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151 mph (243 km/h, 131 kn) at sea level
709:
40 imp gal (48 US gal; 180 L)
209:, but in that form did not enter operational service.
197:
Seventy Nighthawks were completed by Nieuport and the
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1207:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992.
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353:, or Mars VI, replaced the Dragonfly with either an
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
368:Three of the RAF's Gloster Nighthawks were sent to
229:and was tested in a shipboard configuration at the
436:Racing derivative of Nighthawk. Powered by 450 hp
323:(or Mars II, III and IV) was a naval fighter for
123:was a British fighter aircraft developed by the
1231:, Vol. 17, No. 6, June 1989. pp. 334–337, 350.
1073:
1071:
387:The final Nighthawk variant was the Mars X or
1032:"A Brief History of Gloster Aircraft Company."
882:
880:
878:
497:Naval fighter for RAF, equipped with a 230 hp
1395:
1292:
430:Civil version, one completed as an air racer.
8:
1175:British Civil Aircraft since 1919. Volume 2.
1142:Bruce, J.M. "Nieuport Nighthawk. (Part 2)."
1135:Bruce, J.M. "Nieuport Nighthawk. (Part 1)."
414:Original production version. Powered by 320
150:aircraft under licence. During 1917, hiring
762:7 min 10 s to 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
1402:
1388:
1380:
1299:
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1246:, Vol. 17, No. 7, July 1989. pp. 404–407.
1308:Nieuport (England)/Nieuport & General
1242:Wixey, Ken. "Folland's racers – Part 2".
1225:Wixey, Ken. "Folland's racers – Part 1".
449:Gloster Sparrowhawk (Mars II, III and IV)
1192:. London: Putnam, First edition, 1971.
1158:Green, William and Gordon Swanborough.
874:
859:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
391:naval fighter powered by a 230 hp
270:The first of these derivatives was the
1177:London: Putnam, Second edition, 1972.
1146:, Volume 25, Number 9, September 1963.
365:purchased 25 Jaguar powered fighters.
17:
729:2-bladed wooden fixed pitch propeller
217:Nieuport built a sport aircraft, the
7:
314:teams, remaining in use until 1930.
161:To produce a fighter to replace the
1139:, Volume 25, Number 8, August 1963.
959:Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 443.
1222:, Volume 30, No. 10, October 1968.
1218:Mason, T. "The Nighthawk Family."
1107:Bruce September 1963, pp. 300–301.
679:28 ft 0 in (8.53 m)
673:18 ft 6 in (5.64 m)
549:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
14:
691:276 sq ft (25.6 m)
685:9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
219:L.C.1 (Land Commercial) Nighthawk
578:
556:
534:
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203:Royal Aeronautical Establishment
199:Gloucestershire Aircraft Company
26:
1917:Single-engined tractor aircraft
1907:Nieuport & General aircraft
941:Bruce August 1963, pp. 249–250.
125:Nieuport & General Aircraft
57:Nieuport & General Aircraft
1902:1920s British fighter aircraft
1897:1910s British fighter aircraft
1205:The British Fighter since 1912
652:The British Fighter since 1912
310:for the British 1925 and 1927
1:
1162:. New York: Smithmark, 1994.
1160:The Complete Book of Fighters
1098:Bruce September 1963, p. 300.
1077:Bruce September 1963, p. 299.
1044:. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
756:24,500 ft (7,500 m)
703:2,218 lb (1,006 kg)
165:in service with the RAF, the
1912:Aircraft first flown in 1919
1152:Air Enthusiast International
1130:British Aeroplanes 1914–1918
477:Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar II
1190:Gloster Aircraft since 1917
723:, 320 hp (240 kW)
697:1,500 lb (680 kg)
633:Specifications (Nighthawk )
472:Gloster Nighthawk (Mars VI)
1938:
950:Bruce August 1963, p. 251.
932:Bruce August 1963, p. 249.
886:Bruce August 1963, p. 248.
827:Armstrong Whitworth Siskin
780:.303 in (7.7 mm)
489:
486:Nieuport Nightjar (Mars X)
475:Rebuild of Nighthawk with
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295:, being scrapped in 1927.
1316:Manufacturer designations
1042:Brockworth Parish Council
778:2 × fixed forward-firing
463:Gloster Grouse (I and II)
355:Armstrong-Siddeley Jaguar
34:
25:
20:
1265:The Nieuport "Nighthawk"
460:Naval fighter for Japan.
261:Gloster Aircraft Company
1132:. London: Putnam, 1957.
822:Armstrong Whitworth Ara
658:General characteristics
131:towards the end of the
1065:James 1971, pp. 72–73.
1037:1 January 2008 at the
433:Gloster Bamel (Mars 1)
303:
285:world air speed record
139:Design and development
1056:Jackson 1973, p. 312.
989:Jackson 1973, p. 311.
613:High Speed Flight RAF
301:
293:High Speed Flight RAF
1786:Meteor "Prone Pilot"
783:Vickers machine guns
608:No. 203 Squadron RAF
1369:Handley Page Type O
1347:Built under licence
1116:Bruce 1957, p. 320.
1089:Mason 1992, p. 153.
1013:, 22 December 1921.
971:Mason 1992, p. 152.
923:Mason 1992, p. 150.
907:Mason 1992, p. 149.
898:Bruce 1974, p. 292.
805:Gloster Sparrowhawk
794:Related development
481:Bristol Jupiter III
455:Gloster Sparrowhawk
320:Gloster Sparrowhawk
213:Operational history
192:resonance frequency
173:engine. This was a
112:Gloster Sparrowhawk
90:Primary users
35:Nieuport Nighthawk
1738:Monoplane fighters
1203:Mason, Francis K.
1022:James 1971, p. 71.
998:James 1971, p. 70.
980:James 1971, p. 69.
603:No. 8 Squadron RAF
598:No. 1 Squadron RAF
527:Hellenic Air Force
411:Nieuport Nighthawk
304:
302:The Gloster Mars I
121:Nieuport Nighthawk
84:Hellenic Air Force
1884:
1883:
1659:Mars VI Nighthawk
1377:
1376:
1244:Aeroplane Monthly
1228:Aeroplane Monthly
810:Nieuport Nightjar
760:Time to altitude:
571:Swedish Air Force
492:Nieuport Nightjar
440:engine. One built
427:Nieuport Goshawk.
351:Gloster Nighthawk
327:, powered by the
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108:Nieuport Nightjar
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1637:Biplane fighters
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1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:Model numbers
1417:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:Sopwith Snipe
1362:
1360:
1359:Sopwith Camel
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:Air Pictorial
1217:
1214:
1213:1-55750-082-7
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:0-370-00084-6
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:0-370-10010-7
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:0-8317-3939-8
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:Air Pictorial
1141:
1138:
1137:Air Pictorial
1134:
1131:
1128:Bruce, J. M.
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
968:
966:
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
938:
935:
929:
926:
920:
918:
916:
914:
910:
904:
901:
895:
893:
889:
883:
881:
879:
875:
869:
868:
864:
860:
857:
856:
855:
854:
853:Related lists
848:
847:Sopwith Snark
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
795:
788:
784:
781:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:
738:
736:
728:
725:
722:
721:radial engine
719:I 9-cylinder
718:
717:ABC Dragonfly
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:Gross weight:
699:
696:
695:Empty weight:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
662:
661:
659:
654:
653:
650:
641:
632:
626:
623:
622:
621:
618:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
576:
575:
572:
569:
568:
565:
554:
553:
550:
547:
546:
543:
532:
531:
528:
525:
524:
521:
510:
509:
505:
500:
499:Bentley B.R.2
496:
493:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
471:
469:
468:Siddeley Lynx
465:
462:
459:
456:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:ABC Dragonfly
413:
410:
409:
405:
403:
401:
400:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
344:Gloster Grebe
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
315:
313:
309:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
245:
240:
235:
232:
231:Isle of Grain
228:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
188:
184:
179:
176:
175:radial engine
172:
171:ABC Dragonfly
168:
164:
163:Sopwith Snipe
159:
157:
153:
152:Henry Folland
149:
146:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
113:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
71:Introduction
70:
69:
65:
63:First flight
62:
61:
58:
55:
53:Manufacturer
52:
51:
45:
42:
39:
38:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1759:Jet aircraft
1658:
1648:
1643:
1425:
1327:
1268:
1243:
1226:
1219:
1204:
1189:
1174:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1123:Bibliography
1112:
1103:
1094:
1061:
1041:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
955:
946:
937:
928:
903:
852:
851:
832:BAT Basilisk
815:
814:
793:
792:
775:
767:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
734:
732:
726:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
657:
655:
651:
648:
647:
398:
388:
386:
367:
350:
348:
337:
318:
316:
305:
288:
275:
271:
269:
265:Gloster Mars
264:
258:
249:Harry Hawker
243:
239:Aerial Derby
236:
218:
216:
205:(R.A.E.) at
196:
186:
180:
167:Air Ministry
160:
142:
120:
118:
15:
1719:Gnatsnapper
1654:Sparrowhawk
735:Performance
727:Propellers:
713:Powerplant:
438:Napier Lion
329:Bentley BR2
280:Napier Lion
207:Farnborough
1891:Categories
865:References
800:Gloster II
748:Endurance:
689:Wing area:
620:Royal Navy
21:Nighthawk
1826:Schneider
1729:Gladiator
1709:Goldfinch
1328:Nighthawk
1252:0143-7240
1237:0143-7240
677:Wingspan:
649:Data from
506:Operators
443:Gloster 1
289:Gloster I
227:hydrovane
104:Variants
1922:Biplanes
1724:Gauntlet
1689:Gamecock
1413:aircraft
1338:Nightjar
1310:aircraft
1035:Archived
789:See also
768:Armament
406:Variants
389:Nightjar
333:Nightjar
308:seaplane
148:Nieuport
79:Retired
1781:Javelin
1766:E.28/39
1684:Gorcock
1546:SS/G.37
1521:TC/G.33
1511:AS/G.31
1411:Gloster
683:Height:
671:Length:
637:)": -->
483:engine.
418:engine.
397:H.M.S.
393:Bentley
244:Goshawk
183:biplane
44:Fighter
1876:TSR.38
1866:Survey
1828:Racers
1776:E.1/44
1771:Meteor
1750:F.9/37
1745:F.5/34
1714:Gambet
1704:Goring
1679:Grouse
1669:Gannet
1556:TSR.38
1333:London
1270:Flight
1250:
1235:
1211:
1196:
1181:
1166:
1011:Flight
583:
564:Sweden
561:
539:
520:Greece
517:
363:Greece
272:Mars I
223:Hendon
187:F-2909
145:French
98:Greece
1871:TC.33
1859:Other
1816:P.370
1699:Goral
1674:Grebe
1541:FS.36
1536:SS.35
1526:SS.34
1466:SS.19
1461:SS.18
1323:B.N.1
870:Notes
776:Guns:
665:Crew:
542:Japan
399:Argus
357:or a
325:Japan
276:Bamel
82:1938
74:1923
66:1919
40:Role
1811:GA.5
1806:GA.4
1801:GA.3
1796:GA.2
1791:GA.1
1694:Guan
1644:Mars
1628:GA.6
1623:GA.5
1618:GA.4
1613:GA.3
1608:GA.2
1603:GA.1
1596:G.50
1591:G.47
1586:G.44
1581:G.43
1576:G.42
1571:G.41
1566:G.40
1561:G.39
1551:G.38
1531:G.35
1516:G.32
1506:G.30
1501:G.28
1496:G.27
1491:G.25
1486:G.23
1481:G.22
1476:G.21
1471:G.20
1456:G.18
1451:G.17
1446:G.16
1441:G.14
1436:G.12
1431:G.11
1248:ISSN
1233:ISSN
1209:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1164:ISBN
750:3 hr
715:1 ×
639:edit
380:and
374:No 1
370:Iraq
349:The
317:The
274:(or
119:The
1840:III
1426:G.1
667:One
479:or
1893::
1850:VI
1845:IV
1835:II
1267:.
1082:^
1070:^
1049:^
964:^
912:^
891:^
877:^
382:55
376:,
346:.
267:.
1649:I
1403:e
1396:t
1389:v
1300:e
1293:t
1286:v
1254:.
1239:.
1215:.
1200:.
1185:.
1170:.
643:]
501:.
378:8
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