28:
386:
499:. He applied the ideas at his own property. In order to get more land for fields, he reduced the mater level of lake Pyhäjärvi by opening Puhoksenkoski rapids. Consequently, water level went down by two metres and the other discharging river Hiiskoski almost dried out. Flow in Puhoskoski increased, while the height of fall got lower. As a result, Arppe gained 200 hectares of land. Arppe tested new farming methods in his property. He bought cattle from
675:
Ingots were further processed into bars in Värtsilä. Arppe's company employed thousands of people; Möhkö works alone gave work to 2,000 men for limonite digging, coal burning, operating of barges and driving horses. Arppe's plants provided significant income to the local people. The plants attracted
425:
and to have a 50-year-long exclusive right for steamship traffic at lake Saimaa. The decision making was given to the
Finnish Senate which granted him permission to build the ship, but limited the traffic privilege to 20 years. The ship was built by Ostrobothnian master builder Sandsund. The engine
616:
in lakes which were inside Arppe's forests. Arppe raised court cases claiming for example that the iron mill is polluting meadows from which the local people get food for their animals. After the Rauch brothers got enough of Arppe's disturbance and left, Arppe redeemed the ironworks to himself in
557:
Arppe was annoyed because of closing down the new Kuurna sawmill. Another cause of disappointment was sawmill act, promoted by
Haartman, that came into force in 1851 setting limits to potential of the industry. When Sofia and her children wanted to sell the Puhos sawmill in 1856, Arppe was not
312:. Fabritius was practically incapable to operate the sawmill, and therefore Arppe took care of the operations virtually alone. Fabritius died in 1833, after which Arppe continued operating the sawmill. After number of application, Arppe was finally allowed to saw 10,000
565:
in 1836 with rights of processing 10,000 logs annually. The plant had been founded two years earlier, on 12 April 1834. After introduction of the sawmill act, the
Finnish Senate wanted to encourage iron processing. Arppe was awarded a permission to build two
667:
increased the demand temporarily, but after that prices dropped. Although the
Finnish iron ingots and bars were duty-free in the Russian market, the highly developed international iron producers could sell their products for a competitive price despite
696:
Arppe was married to
Jeannette Charlotta née Porthan in 1841, but she died already in 1843. In 1845, Arppe married her sister Matilds, who died ten years later. Arppe's third wife was Amalia Kristina née Seitz. He had altogether eleven children.
450:
to
Joutseno. The ship could tug 5–6 barges Arppe also rented the vessel for other sawmill operators, getting a good profit. Ilmerinen served until 1844, when she was decommissioned, and Arppe handed over his steam traffic privilege to
704:, he had the ability to identify the capable people among uneducated peasants and put them to responsible positions; such were Taneli Rouvinen, Staffan Riikonen and Paul Hendunen, who worked as plant managers.
210:
together with his brother-in-law Johan
Fabritius. Eventually he owned many sawmills and owned large forest areas. Due to economical regulation of forest resources, he started processing iron from local
438:
Ilmarinen was the first
Finnish-built steamship; she made her maiden voyage from Puhos to Honkalahti in Joutseno in summer 1833. The captain was Taneli Rouvinen. Ilmarinen was used for tugging
676:
many workers from distant locations and the local food production could not cover the need. Arppe printed his own notes, called "dog tongues", which could be used as payment in company shop.
479:, and therefore moved apart from the family estate to northern side of lake Ätäsköjärvi in Koivikko where he built a house in 1840, the same year when he married his first wife Jeannette.
984:
252:
Nils Arppe and
Margareta Sofia née Wegelius. Nils Ludvig was second oldest from eight children, who lagman Nils Arppe got in his three marriages. The home language in the family was
355:
for raw material. The scale of the sawmill caused fear among local neighbourhood and politicians for adequacy of wood resource in forests. As soon as the plant was commissioned the
327:
The sawmill employed 200–300 people at its best days. Arppe never owned the plant; after
Fabritius's death it belonged to the widow Sofia, who was Arppe's sister, and her children.
718:
Arppe left as inheritance a significant amount of land; according to estimates, it totalled 120,000–130,000 hectares. His business was continued after and led to development of
881:
612:
Another, more prominent plant was built by Möhkönkoski rapids; it was operated by Rauch brothers since 1848. The ironworks was close to Arppe's lands and the owners had made
343:
in 1832. The Kuurna river had enough of capacity to power a large sawmill and it was wide enough for transportation. In addition, Arppe commissioned building a channel in
288:
trainee in Vaasa, but he left the lawyer career already in the same year. The reason was unexpected death of his father; Arppe supposed that he could not earn enough as a
989:
979:
366:
of land in court case against the state, due to different interpretation of ownership of wilderness. Arppe's main opponent in Senate in both cases was
707:
Arppe had far-reaching plans for developing his business, but they did not materialise before he fell seriously ill. Despite being partly
475:
atmosphere with him, and Sofia fell in love with the young and fiery teacher, who she later married. Arppe, however, could not stand his
594:
for 15 years. Arppe bought rights of using hydro power from Jukajoki sawmill. The raw material, limonite, was collected in Ilomantsi,
56:
999:
957:
885:
417:. The narrow and curvy passages at lake Saimaa made sailing difficult. Therefore, in September 1832 Arppe applied from the Russian
620:
In Arppe's ownership the Möhkö became the largest limonite processor of Finland. The main problem in both ironmills was the high
316:
annually, which made the sawmill one of the largest in Finland. For several times Arppe applied for permission to convert the
700:
Arppe remained faithful to his home county and he had a reputation as a man on whose word one can count. While he was a hard
684:
In 1859, Arppe stepped back to forest industry by buying Läskelä hydropowered sawmill. As the sawmill was situated by river
907:
715:
along river Jänisjoki, arrived in Värtsilä. Arppe died in 1861, shortly before era of economical deregulation in Finland.
1004:
367:
27:
688:
which also flows through Värtsilä, the significance of Värtsilä grew as the main location of Arppe's company.
385:
455:
Viikki brothers. One reason for ending the steam traffic was that Arppe built a sort of "horse railway" over
994:
562:
74:
633:
78:
629:
567:
468:
467:
Arppe lived with his siblings in Puhos estate which consisted about 30 rooms. In about 1835 there moved
459:
between Orivesi and Pyhäjärvi, which eased transportation so much that steam ship became unnecessary.
1014:
1009:
348:
655:
was taken into use in 1856, the products could be transported by water. The main market areas were
344:
324:, but this was denied, because there was a wide concern that the natural resource would run out.
269:
672:. Arppe's other supporting leg was his timber industry which enabled investments on ironmills.
644:
953:
712:
356:
656:
427:
336:
257:
253:
309:
711:, he wanted to be in place seeing when the last pieces of machinery of his rolling plant,
660:
609:
in Ilajankoski, but the production volume remained small due to unfavourable connections.
539:
265:
910:[Finland's largest larch forest is a verdant monument of Arppe] (in Finnish). Yle
949:
941:
719:
652:
595:
546:
527:
523:
488:
435:
313:
237:
802:
973:
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interested in it any more; the plant was sold to Antti Mustonen and Simo Parviainen.
535:
511:
293:
203:
196:
107:
538:
for reference. The forest is the largest larch forest of Finland and it is nowadays
374:
von Haartman had a lot of political power, and Arppe had no chance to overrule him.
613:
575:
406:
685:
52:
664:
648:
625:
518:
forest between Koivikko and Puhos. The 1847 planted 12-ha forest included 3,000
500:
492:
321:
304:
Arppe became business partner with his brother-in-law Johan Fabritius who had a
227:
292:
to be able to take care of his siblings, and therefore he decided to return to
636:
plant in Värtsilä; it was used for the production of both Värtsilä and Möhkö.
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531:
340:
317:
285:
261:
249:
708:
606:
422:
352:
219:
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571:
496:
402:
371:
223:
212:
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farmers to plant larches on old fields, but his idea was not supported.
514:
in order to maintain availability of the natural resource. He planted a
519:
472:
456:
447:
443:
431:
363:
362:
Following the order of closing down the new sawmill, Arppe lost 10,000
305:
207:
193:
669:
476:
452:
410:
394:
289:
281:
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and graduated in 1820. Arppe followed his father's steps and studied
97:
120:
335:
After gaining some experience, Arppe started building a sawmill to
640:
515:
504:
439:
414:
384:
273:
233:
Arppe was married three times and had altogether eleven children.
48:
583:
418:
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785:
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781:
779:
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277:
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751:
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747:
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743:
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735:
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as a home teacher for Sofia's children. He brought a strict
908:"Suomen suurin lehtikuusimetsä on Arppen vehmas monumentti"
876:
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870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
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846:
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1851. This happened before the Värtsilä plant was started.
884:(in Finnish). Kitee: Municipality of Kitee. Archived from
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
810:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
351:
to downstream from Kuurna rapids. He bought forests in
628:. In 1859, Arppe got licence to build a steam-powered
624:
content in the mineral; this made the iron hard but
401:
Timber produced in Puhos was transported by ship to
256:which he preferred to use in his letters. Also his
206:but returned to his home area, taking control of a
177:
135:
113:
103:
93:
85:
63:
34:
18:
801:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
430:, but it was made in Clarke Engineering Works in
260:was excellent, and when Arppe went to school in
236:Arppe's business led to the development of the
985:Businesspeople from the Grand Duchy of Finland
8:
159:Matilda Elisabet, married Berner (born 1853)
192:(19 December 1804 — 9 December 1861) was a
156:Julia Eva Maria, married Genetz (born 1851)
222:in Finland. He also made experiments with
15:
643:were transported to Värtsilä or through
731:
990:Industrialists from the Russian Empire
413:, and after that by horse carriage to
171:Ida Amalia, married Palmén (born 1860)
7:
980:19th-century Finnish businesspeople
944:(1984). "1834–1907; subchapter 1".
150:Elin Sofia Amalia, married Stenbäck
144:Johanna Charlotta, married Backman
14:
168:Anna Alexandra Helena (born 1859)
129:Amalia Kristina née Seitz (1856→)
803:"Arppe, Nils Ludvig (1803–1861)"
491:in 1845 gaining knowledge about
359:ordered Arppe to close it down.
26:
800:Saloheimo, Veijo (2009-01-28).
218:In 1832, Arppe built the first
165:Lina Augusta, married von Essen
126:Matilda née Porthan (1845–1855)
561:Arppe had bought a sawmill in
1:
421:for a permission to build a
264:, the teaching language was
183:Margareta Sofia née Wegelius
545:Arppe suggested obligating
1031:
906:Holm, Milla (2014-09-28).
284:. Arppe worked shortly as
280:. He graduated in 1823 as
368:Lars Gabriel von Haartman
25:
1000:Finnish chief executives
483:Agriculture and forestry
147:Klas Ludvig (born 1846)
398:
347:, to ease access from
244:Early life and studies
79:Grand Duchy of Finland
469:Carl Gustaf von Essen
409:, south side of lake
388:
248:Arppe's parents were
119:Jeannette Charlotta
882:"Puhoksen patruuna"
590:from the state and
487:Arppe travelled to
123:Porthan (1841–1843)
946:Wärtsilä 1834–1984
808:Kansallisbiografia
659:and south side of
605:He opened another
399:
1005:People from Kitee
574:processing, four
530:, and some local
190:Nils Ludvig Arppe
187:
186:
141:Nils Josef Edvard
57:Kingdom of Sweden
20:Nils Ludvig Arppe
1022:
964:
963:
952:. pp. 7–8.
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919:
918:
916:
915:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
878:
819:
818:
816:
815:
805:
797:
657:Saint Petersburg
570:in Värtsilä for
463:Move to Koivikko
428:Saint Petersburg
426:was bought from
70:
45:19 December 1803
44:
42:
30:
16:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
970:
969:
968:
967:
960:
942:Haavikko, Paavo
940:
939:
922:
913:
911:
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
880:
879:
822:
813:
811:
799:
798:
733:
728:
694:
682:
680:Läskelä sawmill
661:Gulf of Finland
555:
553:Iron processing
540:natural reserve
510:Arppe promoted
485:
465:
383:
333:
302:
286:court of appeal
246:
182:
81:
72:
68:
67:9 December 1861
59:
46:
40:
38:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1028:
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1018:
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1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
972:
971:
966:
965:
958:
950:Oy Wärtsilä Ab
948:(in Finnish).
920:
898:
820:
730:
729:
727:
724:
693:
690:
681:
678:
653:Saimaa Channel
596:Kiihtelysvaara
582:. Arppe got a
554:
551:
547:slash-and-burn
536:Norway spruces
528:European larch
503:and founded a
489:Central Europe
484:
481:
464:
461:
436:Paddle steamer
382:
376:
349:lake Pyhäselkä
332:
331:Kuurna sawmill
329:
301:
298:
245:
242:
202:Arppe studied
185:
184:
181:Nils Arppe and
179:
175:
174:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:Evert Waldemar
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115:
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100:
95:
91:
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87:
83:
82:
73:
71:(aged 57)
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61:
60:
47:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1016:
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1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
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983:
981:
978:
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975:
961:
959:951-99542-0-1
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951:
947:
943:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
909:
902:
899:
888:on 2018-08-05
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742:
740:
738:
736:
732:
725:
723:
721:
716:
714:
710:
705:
703:
702:industrialist
698:
691:
689:
687:
679:
677:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
615:
614:mining claims
610:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
592:tax exemption
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:power hammers
573:
569:
564:
559:
552:
550:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:afforestation
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
482:
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474:
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373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:steam powered
319:
315:
311:
307:
300:Puhos sawmill
299:
297:
295:
294:North Karelia
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:. He went to
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
241:
239:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
209:
205:
204:jurisprudence
200:
198:
197:industrialist
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180:
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149:
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128:
125:
122:
118:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:industrialist
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:bust in Kitee
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
945:
912:. Retrieved
901:
890:. Retrieved
886:the original
812:. Retrieved
807:
717:
706:
699:
695:
692:Private life
683:
674:
651:. After the
647:to shore of
638:
619:
611:
604:
560:
556:
544:
509:
486:
466:
446:, Puhos and
407:Lappeenranta
400:
390:
379:
361:
334:
326:
318:hydropowered
303:
247:
235:
232:
228:agricultural
217:
201:
189:
188:
153:Berta Emilia
69:(1861-12-09)
1015:1861 deaths
1010:1803 births
665:Crimean War
649:lake Ladoga
532:Scots pines
522:which were
501:Netherlands
493:agriculture
393:sailing at
215:resources.
974:Categories
914:2016-01-15
892:2016-01-15
814:2016-01-15
639:The ready
622:phosphorus
600:Tohmajärvi
389:Steamship
378:Steamship
341:Pielisjoki
262:Savonlinna
104:Occupation
41:1803-12-19
722:company.
709:paralysed
686:Jänisjoki
645:Pälkjärvi
607:ironworks
473:pietistic
423:steamship
391:Ilmarinen
380:Ilmarinen
353:Ilomantsi
270:gymnasium
240:company.
230:methods.
220:steamship
178:Parent(s)
94:Education
86:Monuments
995:Wärtsilä
720:Wärtsilä
630:puddling
588:interest
586:free of
580:workshop
572:limonite
568:furnaces
563:Värtsilä
524:Siberian
520:saplings
497:forestry
403:Joutseno
372:Freiherr
364:hectares
320:sawmill
238:Wärtsilä
224:forestry
213:limonite
136:Children
75:Värtsilä
726:Sources
670:tariffs
634:rolling
626:fragile
457:isthmus
448:Varkaus
444:Joensuu
432:England
306:sawmill
258:Finnish
254:Swedish
208:sawmill
194:Finnish
114:Spouses
53:Finland
956:
713:warped
641:ingots
578:and a
477:pathos
453:Kuopio
440:barges
411:Saimaa
395:Saimaa
357:Senate
337:Kuurna
290:lawyer
282:jurist
266:German
250:lagman
98:jurist
516:larch
505:dairy
442:from
415:Uuras
310:Puhos
274:Turku
49:Kitee
954:ISBN
632:and
598:and
584:loan
534:and
526:and
495:and
419:czar
345:Utra
314:logs
226:and
64:Died
35:Born
405:or
308:in
278:law
272:in
121:née
976::
923:^
823:^
806:.
734:^
663:.
602:.
542:.
507:.
434:.
370:.
339:,
296:.
199:.
77:,
55:,
51:,
962:.
917:.
895:.
817:.
397:.
43:)
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
