122:
2214:
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25:
1960:
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1952:
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1198:). The fourth way to interpret the Rigveda also emerged in the ancient times, wherein the gods mentioned were viewed as symbolism for legendary individuals or narratives. It was generally accepted that creative poets often embed and express double meanings, ellipses and novel ideas to inspire the reader.
1046:
deals with ascertaining the meaning of words, particularly of archaic words no longer in use, ones created long ago and even then rarely used. The Vedic literature from the 2nd millennium BCE has a very large collection of such words, with nearly 25% of the words therein being used just once. By the
1088:
A central premise of Yaska was that man creates more new words to conceptualize and describe action, that is nouns often have verbal roots. However, added Yaska, not all words have verbal roots. He asserted that both the meaning and the etymology of words are always context dependent. Words are
1484:"The Nighantu and the Nirukta, the oldest Indian treatise on etymology, philology and sementics [sic]. Critically edited from original manuscripts and translated for the first time into English, with introd., exegetical and critical notes, three indexes and eight appendices"
1100:
A sentence is a collection of words, a word is a collection of phonemes, according to
Nirukta scholars of Hindu traditions. The meaning of Vedic passages has to be understood through context, purpose stated, subject matter being discussed, what is stated, how, where and when.
1164:
text are by Hindu scholars named
Durgasinha (also known as Durga) who likely lived before the 6th-century CE, Skanda-Mahesvara who may be two scholars who probably lived before the 5th-century CE, and Nilakantha who probably is from the 14th-century.
940:
is the systematic creation of a glossary and it discusses how to understand archaic, uncommon words. The field grew probably because almost a quarter of words in the Vedic texts composed in the 2nd-millennium BCE appear just once.
987:
deals with linguistic analysis to establish the exact form of words to properly express ideas, while
Nirukta focuses on linguistic analysis to help establish the proper meaning of the words, given the context they are used in.
121:
1023:
Nirukta (Sanskrit), states Monier-Williams, means "uttered, pronounced, explained, expressed, defined, loud". It also refers to the etymological interpretation of a word, also the name of such works.
1011:. A critical edition of the Nighantu and the Nirukta was published by Lakshman Sarup in the 1920s. The critical edition by Lakshman Sarup places it between 700 and 500 BCE, i.e., before
1281:
demonstrates
Bhaskaraya's skills in nirukta at the very beginning of his commentary on a thousand such names, including a clever twist appropriate to the context of a sahasranama.
883:
1233:. The simple meaning of this name, which would have seemed obvious to his readers, would be "Protector of the Ganas", parsing the name in a straightforward way as
1801:
1058:
of words, by breaking them down into their components, and then combined them in the context they were used to propose what the archaic words could have meant.
1905:
876:
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created around object-agent, according to Yaska, to express external or internal reality perceived by man, and are one of six modifications of
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attempted to systematically propose theories on how words form, and then determine their meaning in order to understand the Vedas.
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1113:(Nirukta-related text) that has survived from ancient times into the modern era is the one by Yaska, and it is simply called
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35:
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James
Lochtefeld (2002), "Nirukta" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing,
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have also survived. Additionally, a related work that is extant and is more ancient than the 5th-century BCE
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1245:(protector). But Bhaskararaya demonstrates his skill in nirukta by parsing it in an unexpected way as the
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enables one to identify alternate embedded meanings that poets and writers may have included in old texts.
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The
Philosophy of the Grammarians, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Volume 5 (Editor: Karl Potter)
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in the ancient tradition, can be interpreted in three ways - from the perspective of religious rites (
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1st millennium BCE, interpreting and understanding what the Vedas meant had become a challenge, and
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Yaska, the sage who likely lived around the 7th–5th century BCE, approached this problem through a
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itself using a traditional definition as नाम च धातुजमाह निरुत्कं or "Name and root origins are
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1097:(dynamic being), namely being born, existing, changing, increasing, decreasing and perishing.
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is not a dictionary, a genre of texts that developed in later centuries and was called a
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1679:, 1991). Includes the full source text and the commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.
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969:(book of glossary), the first book on this field. His text is also referred simply as
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1214:'s commentaries. Here is an example from the opening verse of his commentary on the
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Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta 'khadyota' vārtika sahita
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1688:गणनं गुणसंख्यानामथशब्दात्तु मङ्गलम् । कृते तयोर्बहुव्रीहौ गणनाथ इति स्मृतः ॥ ५ ॥
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is a glossary or compilation of words in the Vedas, and is an example text of
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1967 bilingual
Sanskrit-English critical edition by Lakshman Sarup, at the
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Sound and
Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism
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and many a one, She spreads out body, like a wife desiring her husband.
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layer of the Vedic texts. The most celebrated scholar of this field is
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1857:(London, H. Milford 1920–29), Repr. Motilal Banarsidass 2002,
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can be traced to the last centuries of the 2nd-millennium BCE
18:
1612:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 303–306 with footnotes.
125:
The opening pages of Yaska's
Nirukta Vedanga text (Sanskrit,
1870:
Introduction to the
Nirukta and the Literature related to it
1466:
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1460:
1458:
2012:
1267:) of whose qualities brings about auspiciousness. The word
977:
has been closely related to the ancillary Vedic science of
1567:
1210:
Many examples of the rhetorical use of nirukta occur in
1034:
means "poetical derivation" or "explanation of a word."
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
918:, "explained, interpreted") is one of the six ancient
1277:)." This rhetorical flourish at the opening of the
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2129:
1998:
1989:
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it never flares up, like dry firewood without fire.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1542:The History and Principles of Vedic Interpretation
1449:
1872:, (tr. D. Mackichan), University of Bombay, 1919.
1725:Indian Semantic Analysis: The Nirvacana Tradition
1601:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1514:
1499:
1437:
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1078:The meaning of Speech, is its fruit and flower.
992:asserts that the prerequisite to the study of
1935:
877:
8:
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1526:
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1329:. Oxford University Press. p. vi, 494.
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1995:
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1920:
1800:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1555:
922:, or ancillary science connected with the
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870:
132:
1194:), and from the perspective of the soul (
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1190:), from the perspective of the deities (
1141:(literally, science of words). However,
1066:What has been taken but not understood,
1777:(2 ed.). Longmans, Green. p.
1306:
1133:which is a lexicographic treatise. The
1072:Many a one, seeing, do not see Speech,
384:
144:
1793:
1568:Annette Wilke & Oliver Moebus 2011
1074:many a one, hearing, do not hear Her,
1809:Annette Wilke; Oliver Moebus (2011).
1606:Claus Vogel (1979). Jan Gonda (ed.).
913:
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3539:
1271:is associated with auspiciousness (
983:, but they have a different focus.
1486:. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass. 1967.
1261:meaning "the one the enumeration (
1160:The three commentaries on Yaska's
14:
1178:Yaska, in his famous text titled
3538:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3507:
2212:
1958:
1950:
1882:
1774:A Sanskrit grammar for beginners
1063:Don't memorize, seek the meaning
152:
23:
3508:
1421:A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
1390:A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
1323:Monier Monier-Williams (1923).
1068:is uttered by mere recitation,
1007:field of study are also called
34:needs additional citations for
3433:Relations with other religions
1728:. Cambridge University Press.
1707:. Princeton University Press.
1:
1415:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1326:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
3585:Indian linguistic philosophy
1911:The Nighantu and the Nirukta
1855:The Nighantu and The Nirukta
1836:History of Indian Literature
1746:Syntax - Theory and Analysis
1675:
1669:
1419:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony.
1273:
1263:
1252:
1236:
1224:
1221:The opening verse includes
1029:
960:
3601:
3565:Sanskrit words and phrases
1676:Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī
1545:. Concept. pp. 27–28.
1153:extensively refers to the
1121:(commentaries) on Yaska's
1026:The related Sanskrit noun
146:Hindu scriptures and texts
3505:
2260:
2210:
1968:
1701:Harold G. Coward (1990).
906:
2577:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1786:Weber, Albrecht (1863).
1769:Arthur Anthony Macdonell
1392:, p. 556. Apte gives a
2656:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
1900:Encyclopædia Britannica
1839:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1790:. Vol. 8. Leipzig.
1450:Maurice Winternitz 1963
856:Timeline of Hindu texts
689:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
16:Study about Hindu Vedas
3580:History of linguistics
2631:Eighteen Greater Texts
1086:
664:Eighteen Greater Texts
130:
3384:Hindu gurus and sants
2636:Eighteen Lesser Texts
1815:. Walter de Gruyter.
1749:. Walter de Gruyter.
1722:Eivind Kahrs (1998).
1589:Harold G. Coward 1990
1515:Harold G. Coward 1990
1500:Harold G. Coward 1990
1438:Harold G. Coward 1990
1377:Harold G. Coward 1990
1149:in Sanskrit. Yaska's
1060:
669:Eighteen Lesser Texts
124:
3374:Anti-Hindu sentiment
1891:at Wikimedia Commons
1765:Friedrich Max Müller
926:– the scriptures of
43:improve this article
3480:Hinduism by country
2646:Iraiyanar Akapporul
2606:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1743:Tibor Kiss (2015).
1609:Indian lexicography
1570:, pp. 416–419.
1502:, pp. 105–110.
1291:Cratylus (dialogue)
1216:Ganesha Sahasranama
679:Iraiyanar Akapporul
639:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
385:Related Hindu texts
1831:Maurice Winternitz
1539:Ram Gopal (1983).
915:[n̪iɾuktɐ]
131:
3552:
3551:
3328:
3327:
2881:
2880:
2674:
2673:
2588:Sangam literature
2544:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
2392:
2391:
2208:
2207:
1887:Media related to
1846:978-81-208-0056-4
1822:978-3-11-018159-3
1756:978-3-11-037740-8
1735:978-0-521-63188-4
1714:978-81-208-0426-5
1657:Eivind Kahrs 1998
1647:, pp. 14–20.
1645:Eivind Kahrs 1998
1633:Eivind Kahrs 1998
1619:978-3-447-02010-7
1558:, pp. 87–90.
1529:, pp. 46–47.
1527:Eivind Kahrs 1998
1471:Eivind Kahrs 1998
1413:Monier-Williams.
1129:by Yaska, is the
1111:Nirvacana shastra
1083:Nirukta 1.18-1.20
1056:semantic analysis
1009:Nirvacana shastra
1003:The texts of the
930:. Nirukta covers
894:
893:
684:Abhirami Anthadhi
622:Sangam literature
475:Vaishnava puranas
119:
118:
111:
93:
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3542:
3541:
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3421:Pilgrimage sites
3175:Ganesh Chaturthi
2890:
2685:
2666:Vedarthasamgraha
2661:Vinayagar Agaval
2626:Five Great Epics
2601:Divya Prabandham
2514:Minor Upanishads
2258:
2228:
2216:
2215:
1996:
1962:
1954:
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1915:Internet Archive
1906:Niruktam sememes
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1853:Lakshman Sarup,
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1788:Indische Studien
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1139:Abhidhanashastra
1032:
996:is the study of
965:, who wrote the
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908:
886:
879:
872:
823:Gheranda Samhita
773:Sushruta Samhita
694:Vinayagar Agaval
659:Five Great Epics
634:Divya Prabandham
565:
531:
477:
359:Other scriptures
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3284:Vasant Panchami
3218:Pahela Baishakh
3200:Makar Sankranti
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2651:Abhirami Antati
2621:Kamba Ramayanam
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2188:Vishishtadvaita
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1556:Tibor Kiss 2015
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1109:The only basic
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1021:
973:. The study of
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851:
843:
842:
793:Divya Prabandha
768:Charaka Samhita
753:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
713:
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654:Kamba Ramayanam
629:Saiva Tirumurai
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3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3148:Raksha Bandhan
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Shvetashvatara
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Brihadaranyaka
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2231:Classification
2225:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1903:
1892:
1878:
1877:External links
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:Rudolph Roth,
1866:
1851:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1806:
1783:
1761:
1755:
1740:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1618:
1593:
1591:, p. 106.
1572:
1560:
1548:
1531:
1519:
1504:
1489:
1475:
1454:
1452:, p. 460.
1442:
1440:, p. 107.
1425:
1406:
1381:
1379:, p. 105.
1360:
1332:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:Folk etymology
1293:
1286:
1283:
1229:as a name for
1207:
1204:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1106:
1103:
1039:
1036:
1020:
1017:
1013:Gautama Buddha
946:
943:
892:
891:
889:
888:
881:
874:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
803:Ramcharitmanas
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
763:Pramana Sutras
760:
755:
750:
745:
743:Mimamsa Sutras
740:
738:Samkhya Sutras
735:
730:
725:
720:
718:Dharma Shastra
714:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
625:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
610:
609:
599:
598:
597:
586:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
570:Devi Bhagavata
563:Shakta puranas
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
529:Shaiva puranas
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
471:
470:
465:
460:
458:Brahmavaivarta
455:
450:
443:Brahma puranas
441:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
391:
390:
387:
386:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
339:
326:
325:
320:
318:Shvetashvatara
315:
310:
305:
300:
298:Brihadaranyaka
287:
286:
281:
268:
267:
262:
253:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
184:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
166:
158:
157:
149:
148:
142:
141:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3597:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3545:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3504:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:Hindu temples
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Hindu studies
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Denominations
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3168:Vijayadashami
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Simantonayana
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:Yoga Vasistha
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Bhagavad Gita
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2421:Sthapatyaveda
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:81-208-1381-2
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1659:, p. 22.
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:, p. 14.
1634:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1473:, p. 13.
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:for the word
1395:
1394:nirukta sūtra
1391:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:0-8239-2287-1
1353:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:(action) and
1092:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1042:The field of
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
962:
956:
952:
949:The study of
944:
942:
939:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
904:
900:
899:
887:
882:
880:
875:
873:
868:
867:
865:
864:
857:
854:
853:
847:
846:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
818:Shiva Samhita
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:Yoga Vasistha
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:Vastu Shastra
781:
779:
778:Natya Shastra
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
733:Brahma Sutras
731:
729:
726:
724:
723:Artha Shastra
721:
719:
716:
715:
712:
708:
703:
702:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
623:
618:
617:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
596:
593:
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36:verification
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3544:WikiProject
3416:Persecution
3404:Nationalism
3394:Iconography
3274:Ratha Yatra
3185:Janmashtami
3180:Rama Navami
3108:Vanaprastha
3059:Varnashrama
3035:Ritushuddhi
3020:Vidyarambha
3010:Chudakarana
3000:Nishkramana
2975:Garbhadhana
2616:Thirukkural
2611:Thiruppugal
2539:Nāradasmṛti
2502:Mahabharata
2280:Atharvaveda
2158:Vaisheshika
2045:Puruṣārthas
1279:sahasranama
833:Vedantasara
758:Yoga Sutras
674:Aathichoodi
607:Historicity
602:Mahabharata
595:Historicity
291:Yajur vedic
208:Atharvaveda
3559:Categories
3245:Kumbh Mela
3213:Gudi Padwa
3158:Durga Puja
3143:Shivaratri
3015:Karnavedha
2995:Namakarana
2957:Tirthatana
2724:Dattatreya
2561:Subhashita
2534:Manusmriti
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2344:Taittiriya
2329:Kaushitaki
2316:Upanishads
2089:Aparigraha
1991:Philosophy
1358:, page 476
1302:References
1241:(group) +
1192:adhidevata
1038:Discussion
828:Panchadasi
813:Swara yoga
649:Tirukkuṟaḷ
463:Markandeya
308:Taittiriya
272:Sama vedic
265:Kaushitaki
250:Upanishads
237:Upanishads
127:Devanagari
69:newspapers
3575:Etymology
3468:Theosophy
3399:Mythology
3379:Criticism
3347:Etymology
3305:Svādhyāya
3204:New Year
3153:Navaratri
3125:Festivals
3103:Grihastha
3076:Kshatriya
3050:Antyeshti
3025:Upanayana
2990:Jatakarma
2980:Pumsavana
2967:Sanskaras
2932:Naivedhya
2886:Practices
2831:Mahavidya
2799:Saraswati
2786:Goddesses
2744:Kartikeya
2641:Athichudi
2596:Tirumurai
2449:Vyākaraṇa
2416:Natyaveda
2364:Chandogya
2289:Divisions
2270:Yajurveda
1895:"Nirukta"
1796:cite book
1423:. p. 142.
1417:. p. 553.
1249:compound
1247:Bahuvrīhi
1225:Gaṇanātha
1196:adhyatman
1188:adhiyajna
1081:— Yaska,
1019:Etymology
998:Vyakarana
985:Vyakarana
980:Vyakarana
955:Brahmanas
932:etymology
798:Tirumurai
728:Kamasutra
487:Bhagavata
468:Bhavishya
453:Brahmānda
410:Vyakarana
279:Chandogya
255:Rig vedic
215:Divisions
203:Yajurveda
58:"Nirukta"
3570:Vedangas
3524:Category
3475:Glossary
3443:Buddhism
3409:Hindutva
3369:Calendar
3250:Haridwar
3228:Vaisakhi
3223:Puthandu
3113:Sannyasa
3030:Keshanta
2861:Shashthi
2697:Trimurti
2524:Nitisara
2497:Ramayana
2492:Itihasas
2464:Jyotisha
2406:Ayurveda
2398:Upavedas
2379:Mandukya
2324:Aitareya
2306:Aranyaka
2301:Brahmana
2275:Samaveda
2200:Charvaka
2000:Concepts
1981:Timeline
1973:Glossary
1956:Hinduism
1833:(1963).
1771:(1886).
1285:See also
1274:maṅgalam
1206:Medieval
1155:Nighantu
1143:Nighantu
1135:Nighantu
1131:Nighantu
1117:. Three
1030:niruktiḥ
967:Nighaṇṭu
928:Hinduism
920:Vedangas
903:Sanskrit
850:Timeline
707:Shastras
590:Ramayana
492:Naradiya
425:Jyotisha
393:Vedangas
342:Mandukya
260:Aitareya
232:Aranyaka
227:Brahmana
198:Samaveda
138:a series
136:Part of
3513:Outline
3463:Sikhism
3458:Judaism
3453:Jainism
3334:Related
3310:Namaste
3163:Ramlila
3093:Ashrama
3081:Vaishya
3071:Brahmin
2894:Worship
2846:Rukmini
2836:Matrika
2809:Parvati
2804:Lakshmi
2794:Tridevi
2749:Krishna
2734:Hanuman
2729:Ganesha
2680:Deities
2566:Tantras
2556:Stotras
2509:Puranas
2454:Nirukta
2444:Chandas
2439:Shiksha
2431:Vedanga
2384:Prashna
2374:Mundaka
2296:Samhita
2265:Rigveda
2196:Nāstika
2181:Advaita
2168:Vedanta
2163:Mīmāṃsā
2143:Samkhya
2131:Schools
2119:Akrodha
2038:Saṃsāra
2018:Ishvara
2008:Brahman
1897:at the
1889:Nirukta
1402:nirukta
1398:nirukta
1264:gaṇanaṁ
1231:Ganesha
1200:Nirukta
1184:Rigveda
1180:Nirukta
1174:Ancient
1162:Nirukta
1151:Nirukta
1127:Nirukta
1123:Nirukta
1115:Nirukta
1049:Nirukta
1044:Nirukta
1005:Nirukta
994:Nirukta
975:Nirukta
971:Nirukta
951:Nirukta
938:Nirukta
907:निरुक्त
898:Nirukta
583:Itihasa
438:Puranas
415:Nirukta
405:Chandas
400:Shiksha
375:Tantras
347:Prashna
337:Mundaka
222:Samhita
193:Rigveda
129:script)
83:scholar
3534:Portal
3438:Baháʼí
3342:Hindus
3320:Tilaka
3289:Others
3265:Ujjain
3260:Prayag
3255:Nashik
3195:Pongal
3133:Diwali
3086:Shudra
3045:Vivaha
2952:Dhyāna
2927:Bhajan
2917:Bhakti
2902:Temple
2856:Shakti
2764:Varuna
2707:Vishnu
2702:Brahma
2551:Sutras
2487:Agamas
2243:Smriti
2174:Dvaita
2139:Āstika
2084:Asteya
2079:Ahimsa
2065:Moksha
2050:Dharma
1963:topics
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838:Stotra
711:sutras
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522:Matsya
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482:Vishnu
448:Brahma
365:Agamas
323:Maitri
169:Smriti
164:Shruti
85:
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3448:Islam
3426:India
3315:Bindi
3298:Other
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3233:Vishu
3066:Varna
2947:Tapas
2937:Yajna
2907:Murti
2841:Radha
2821:Durga
2816:Bhumi
2759:Surya
2739:Indra
2712:Shiva
2474:Other
2459:Kalpa
2349:Katha
2253:Vedas
2238:Śruti
2223:Texts
2153:Nyaya
2109:Damah
2099:Satya
2055:Artha
2033:Karma
2023:Atman
1977:Index
1243:nātha
1169:Usage
1147:Kosha
1105:Texts
1095:Bhava
1091:Kriya
990:Yaska
961:Yāska
924:Vedas
541:Linga
536:Shiva
517:Kurma
502:Padma
420:Kalpa
313:Katha
186:Vedas
90:JSTOR
76:books
3490:List
3352:List
3279:Teej
3208:Bihu
3190:Onam
3138:Holi
2942:Homa
2922:Japa
2912:Puja
2872:more
2866:Sita
2851:Sati
2826:Kali
2775:more
2769:Vayu
2754:Rama
2719:Agni
2689:Gods
2369:Kena
2339:Isha
2148:Yoga
2114:Dayā
2104:Dāna
2074:Niti
2060:Kama
2028:Maya
1859:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1802:link
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1673:. (
1614:ISBN
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1269:atha
1259:atha
1237:gaṇa
945:Date
911:IPA:
709:and
556:Agni
551:Vayu
303:Isha
284:Kena
175:List
62:news
3364:Law
1779:178
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2013:Om
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