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Nitrosation and nitrosylation

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in any desired direction. Absent a driving force, thionitrosos form out of nitrosamines, which form out of nitrite esters, which form out of nitrous acid.
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Wang, P. G.; Xian, M.; Tang, X.; Wu, X.; Wen, Z.; Cai, T.; Janczuk, A. J. (2002). "Nitric Oxide Donors: Chemical Activities and Biological Applications".
673:, pp. 27–28, 209. Williams refers to Traube products as "Drago complexes"; note the typo on p. 27, which should refer to "2:1 complexes". 144:
functionality. The synonymy arises because the R-NO functionality can be interpreted two different ways, depending on the physico-chemical environment:
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Mannick, Joan B.; Schonhoff, Christopher M. (7 July 2009). "Review: NO Means No and Yes: Regulation of Cell Signaling by Protein Nitrosylation".
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nitrosate primary amines during the acid environment of the stomach, and the resulting diazonium ions alkylate DNA, leading to cancer.
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Hayton, T. W.; Legzdins, P.; Sharp, W. B. (2002). "Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Metal-NO Complexes".
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can substitute directly onto an aromatic ring, but the ring must be substantially activated, because NO is about 14
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If the amine is secondary, then the product is stable, but primary amines decompose in acid to the corresponding
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López-Rodríguez, Rocío; McManus, James A.; Murphy, Natasha S.; Ott, Martin A.; Burns, Michael J. (2020-09-18).
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than the sulfur atom. The formation of an alkyl nitrite from an alcohol and nitrous acid is a common example:
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Some form of Lewis acid also enhances the electrophilicity of NO carriers, but the acid need not be Brønsted:
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transfer is catalyzed by a strong nucleophile, such as (in increasing order of efficacy)
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Although such cations have not been isolated, nitrosating reagents likely coordinate to
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typically oxidizes the initially-nitroso product to a nitro compound or diazonium salt.
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solution. Nitrous acid is unstable, and high yields require a rapid reaction rate; NO
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NO. It commonly occurs to a metal (e.g. iron) or a thiol, leading to nitrosyl iron
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There are multiple chemical mechanisms by which this can be achieved, including
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The stable secondary nitrosamines are carcinogens in rodents. The compounds
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cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
445:-nitroso compounds, but are less reactive because the oxygen atom is less 2169: 2125: 2111: 2026: 1928: 1617: 1508: 1055: 946: 828:"Pathways for N -Nitroso Compound Formation: Secondary Amines and Beyond" 496: 357: 330: 249: 237: 209: 2089: 1955: 1468: 1463: 1412: 1231: 1226: 1152: 1072: 1061: 485: 471: 438: 241: 233: 137: 756: 582: 2185: 2081: 1975: 1538: 291: 186: 286:
notwithstanding. But atmospheric oxygen can oxidize nitric oxide to
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may react similarly, but it is unclear if they release NO or NO.
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Nitrosylation results in a molecule "R" adducted with the group N=O
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are two names for the process of converting organic compounds or
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Process of converting organic compounds into nitroso derivatives
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Nitroxyl anion (NO; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)
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Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
1054: 974: 965: 937: 711: 429:Raschig's hydroxyl­amine production technique 212:thiols in proteins, which is an important part of 1252:Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite) 294:ions catalyze disproportionation into NO and NO. 148:Nitrosylation interprets the process as adding a 1113:Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012) 156:(e.g., in nitrosylated heme = nitrosylheme) or 252:. Indeed, (meta)stable nitrosation products ( 1529:N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide 1088:Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol) 909: 8: 140:derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the 51:introducing citations to additional sources 492:. Typically, this reaction occurs when the 398:They are liable to disproportionate to the 1560: 1551: 971: 916: 902: 894: 832:Organic Process Research & Development 1272:Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite) 1182:Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)) 872: 813: 801: 789: 777: 697: 670: 658: 646: 224:Nitrosation is typically performed with 173: 41:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1348:S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys) 1338:S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP) 561: 290:, which does nitrosate. Alternatively 1333:S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) 1207:Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt) 163:Nitrosation interprets it as adding a 710:Williams, D. L. H. (1988). 411:sulfides with no hydrogen substituent 7: 2168:non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., 952:Nitric oxide (NO; nitrogen monoxide) 170:. It commonly occurs with amines (– 1192:Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) 1078:Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) 687:(8th ed.). Wiley. p. 634. 351:electrophilic aromatic substitution 2097:Indirect/downstream NO modulators: 1865:Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) 14: 1895:Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) 1358:S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG) 1328:S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) 1202:Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) 957:Nitrosonium (NO; nitrosyl cation) 228:, formed from acidification of a 419:and sulfinic acids add twice to 34:relies largely or entirely on a 23: 1423:Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO) 683:Smith, Michael B. (2020). 62:"Nitrosation and nitrosylation" 1623:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine ( 1: 2206:Receptor/signaling modulators 1875:Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED) 1093:Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) 1083:Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) 130:Nitrosation and nitrosylation 1343:S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap) 1172:Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026) 1167:Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560) 618:10.1080/10715760310001629065 503:attacks the nitrogen of the 309:, are typically prepared by 1818:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 1711:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 1608:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 1372:N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., 1187:Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550) 1098:Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 484:arise from the reaction of 208:, the conjugation of NO to 2252: 2104:AT-II receptor antagonists 1849:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG) 1686:1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine 1658:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG) 1405:Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 374:are typically prepared by 113: 2199: 685:March's Organic Chemistry 441:compounds are similar to 1583:3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole 1418:Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO) 1390:Metal nitrosyl complexes 1318:S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB) 1012:Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) 844:10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00323 816:, pp. 150–151, 177. 661:, pp. 202, 206–207. 364:Of chalcogen heteroatoms 337:less electrophilic than 189:and chemical synthesis. 114:Not to be confused with 2175:PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., 1663:Pentamidine isethionate 1573:3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole 1460:Heterocyclic compounds: 984:Activators/stimulators: 199:biological functions of 160:-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). 2132:L-Type calcium channel 804:, pp. 186, 191–2. 474: 298:On the carbon skeleton 126: 1736:Cindunistat (SD-6010) 1691:2-Ethylaminoguanidine 1448:Spermine/NO (SPER/NO) 1245:O-Nitroso compounds ( 889:Nitrosation of Amines 606:Free Radical Research 469: 453:ROH + HONO → RONO + H 390:RSH + HONO → RSNO + H 284:Traube-type reactions 282:is a poor nitrosant, 124: 2122:receptor antagonists 1795:Ronopterin (VAS-203) 1494:Molsidomine (SIN-10) 1415:(diazeniumdiolates): 1395:Roussin's black salt 1108:Mannitol hexanitrate 720:Cambridge University 47:improve this article 1489:Linsidomine (SIN-1) 1386:Nitrosyl compounds: 1353:S-Nitrosodiclofenac 1323:S-Nitrosated AR545C 1308:S-Nitroso compounds 792:, pp. 182–183. 780:, pp. 174–175. 722:. pp. 59, 61. 2226:Chemical reactions 1400:Roussin's red salt 1257:Cyclohexyl nitrite 1148:Nipradilol (K-351) 475: 321:RNHOH + → RNO + H 127: 2236:Organic reactions 2213: 2212: 2038: 2029: 2012: 2011: 1945: 1923: 1922: 1843: 1839: 1830: 1826: 1823:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 1789: 1785: 1776: 1772: 1769:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 1763: 1759: 1756:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 1696:2-Iminopiperidine 1652: 1648: 1639: 1635: 1626: 1548: 1277:Isopropyl nitrite 1223:Nitroso compounds 1065: 1050: 1049: 875:, pp. 81–83. 757:10.1021/cr000040l 718:. Cambridge, UK: 700:, pp. 63–70. 583:10.1021/cr000074t 349:. Unusually for 303:Nitroso compounds 220:Organic synthesis 112: 111: 97: 2243: 2139:dihydropyridines 2039:-arginine (NOHA) 2036: 2027: 1981:alpha aminoacids 1951:chlorogenic acid 1946:-arginine (NOHA) 1943: 1841: 1837: 1828: 1824: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1757: 1650: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1624: 1578:3-Chloroindazole 1561: 1552: 1542: 1240: 1239: 1177:Nitrofluvastatin 1161: 1160: 1103:Itramin tosilate 1059: 972: 918: 911: 904: 895: 876: 870: 864: 863: 838:(9): 1558–1585. 823: 817: 811: 805: 799: 793: 787: 781: 775: 769: 768: 751:(4): 1091–1134. 745:Chemical Reviews 740: 734: 733: 717: 707: 701: 695: 689: 688: 680: 674: 668: 662: 656: 650: 644: 638: 637: 601: 595: 594: 566: 539:diazonium cation 347: 346: 288:nitrogen dioxide 177:), leading to a 176: 169: 155: 150:nitrosyl radical 143: 107: 104: 98: 96: 55: 27: 19: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2195: 2159:PDE5 inhibitors 2121: 2085: 2072: 2008: 1985: 1919: 1853: 1804: 1672: 1598:7-Nitroindazole 1593:6-Nitroindazole 1588:5-Nitroindazole 1541: 1533: 1310:(thionitrites): 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1197:Propatylnitrate 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1058: 1046: 961: 933: 922: 885: 880: 879: 871: 867: 825: 824: 820: 812: 808: 800: 796: 788: 784: 776: 772: 742: 741: 737: 730: 709: 708: 704: 696: 692: 682: 681: 677: 669: 665: 657: 653: 645: 641: 603: 602: 598: 568: 567: 563: 558: 550:are believed to 532: 528: 521: 517: 499:of a secondary 490:amino compounds 470:Nitrosation of 464: 456: 404:nitrogen oxides 393: 366: 345: 342: 341: 340: 324: 300: 273:Roussin's salts 222: 214:cell signalling 206:S-nitrosylation 195: 193:In biochemistry 175: 171: 167: 165:nitrosonium ion 153: 141: 134:metal complexes 119: 108: 102: 99: 56: 54: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2249: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2231:Nitrogen cycle 2228: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2183: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2156: 2146: 2129: 2119: 2115: 2100:ACE inhibitors 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2032: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1833: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1779: 1766: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1642: 1629: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1558: 1549: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1471: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1382: 1381: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1303:-Butyl nitrite 1297: 1295:Pentyl nitrite 1292: 1290:-Butyl nitrite 1284: 1282:Methyl nitrite 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1247:alkyl nitrites 1236: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1068: 1066: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 980: 978: 969: 963: 962: 960: 959: 954: 949: 943: 941: 935: 934: 923: 921: 920: 913: 906: 898: 892: 891: 884: 883:External links 881: 878: 877: 865: 818: 806: 794: 782: 770: 735: 728: 702: 690: 675: 663: 651: 639: 596: 577:(1): 935–991. 560: 559: 557: 554: 535: 534: 530: 526: 523: 519: 518:+ 2 H → NO + H 515: 463: 460: 459: 458: 454: 396: 395: 391: 372:-nitrosothiols 365: 362: 343: 329:In principle, 327: 326: 322: 315:hydroxylamines 307:nitrosobenzene 299: 296: 254:alkyl nitrites 230:sodium nitrite 221: 218: 194: 191: 183: 182: 161: 110: 109: 103:September 2024 45:. 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1267:Hexyl nitrite 1265: 1263: 1262:Ethyl nitrite 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1242: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1053: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 982: 981: 979: 977: 973: 970: 968: 964: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 942: 940: 936: 932: 929: 926: 919: 914: 912: 907: 905: 900: 899: 896: 890: 887: 886: 882: 874: 873:Williams 1988 869: 866: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 822: 819: 815: 814:Williams 1988 810: 807: 803: 802:Williams 1988 798: 795: 791: 790:Williams 1988 786: 783: 779: 778:Williams 1988 774: 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sources: 52: 48: 44: 38: 37: 36:single source 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 2202: 2201: 2177:paraxanthine 2153:beta blocker 2096: 2045: 2023: 1827:-ornithine ( 1760:-ornithine ( 1505: 1484:Feprosidnine 1479:Sydnonimines 1477: 1462: 1459: 1411: 1388: 1385: 1374:nitrosamines 1371: 1306: 1300: 1287: 1244: 1221: 1071: 1038: 1017:GSK-2181236A 983: 925:Nitric oxide 868: 835: 831: 821: 809: 797: 785: 773: 748: 744: 738: 713: 705: 693: 684: 678: 666: 654: 642: 609: 605: 599: 574: 570: 564: 547: 536: 494:nucleophilic 482:Nitrosamines 477: 476: 447:nucleophilic 442: 434: 433: 421:nitrous acid 415: 408: 397: 384:nitrous acid 376:condensation 369: 367: 355: 328: 301: 280:nitric oxide 278:In general, 277: 266: 258:nitrosamines 226:nitrous acid 223: 202:nitric oxide 196: 184: 157: 129: 128: 100: 90: 83: 76: 69: 57: 33: 2190:simvastatin 2024:Precursors: 1961:epicatechin 1885:Indospicine 1840:-arginine ( 1786:-arginine ( 1721:AR-C 102222 1649:-arginine ( 1636:-arginine ( 1499:Sydnonimine 1232:Nitrite (NO 1215:Trolnitrate 1211:Tenitramine 1153:Nitrate (NO 1039:Inhibitors: 1022:Praliciguat 1002:BAY 60-4552 997:BAY 41-8543 992:BAY 41-2272 714:Nitrosation 543:deamination 529:NH + NO → R 508:nitrosonium 246:thiocyanate 179:nitrosamine 2220:Categories 2163:sildenafil 2143:nifedipine 2046:Cofactors: 2035:N-Hydroxy- 1942:N-Hydroxy- 1731:Canavanine 1726:BYK-191023 1545:inhibitors 1474:REC15/2739 1453:V-PYRRO/NO 1143:Nicorandil 1032:Vericiguat 931:modulators 612:(1): 1–7. 556:References 417:Sulfinates 305:, such as 73:newspapers 2203:See also: 2149:Nebivolol 2108:captopril 2030:-Arginine 1971:norvaline 1966:ornithine 1880:GW-273629 1836:N-Methyl- 1782:N-Methyl- 1773:-lysine ( 1645:N-Propyl- 1632:N-Methyl- 1613:ARL-17477 1506:Unsorted: 1056:NO donors 1027:Riociguat 1007:BI-703704 987:Ataciguat 928:signaling 860:225483602 852:1083-6160 571:Chem. Rev 462:Of amines 425:bisulfite 400:disulfide 311:oxidation 116:Nitration 43:talk page 2170:caffeine 2135:blockers 2126:bosentan 2112:losartan 1929:Arginase 1915:VAS-2381 1910:ONO-1714 1858:Unsorted 1618:Indazole 1524:FR146881 1519:FR144220 1509:Cimlanod 1464:Furoxans 1443:PROLI/NO 1413:NONOates 1363:SNO-t-PA 1227:nitrites 1138:NCX-4215 1133:NCX 4040 1128:NCX-4016 1123:NCX-2216 1073:Nitrates 1062:prodrugs 765:11942788 634:21787778 626:15061648 591:11942784 533:N-NO + H 497:nitrogen 250:thiourea 238:chloride 210:cysteine 204:include 2188:(e.g., 2186:Statins 2161:(e.g., 2137:(e.g., 2124:(e.g., 2106:(e.g., 1956:ginseng 1905:NXN-462 1900:NCX-456 1890:KD-7040 1870:CKD-712 1603:A-84643 1469:Furoxan 1368:SNO-vWF 1118:NCX-466 967:Targets 486:nitrite 472:aniline 439:Nitroso 356:Excess 242:bromide 234:synthon 187:enzymes 138:nitroso 87:scholar 2017:Others 1976:lysine 1539:Enzyme 1514:FK-409 1428:GLO/NO 1379:SIN-1A 858:  850:  763:  726:  632:  624:  589:  510:ion: 292:cupric 89:  82:  75:  68:  60:  2049:NADPH 1844:-NMA) 1831:-NIO) 1790:-NMA) 1777:-NIL) 1764:-NIO) 1706:AEITU 1701:1400W 1653:-NPA) 1640:-NMA) 1627:-NIO) 1313:LA810 939:Forms 856:S2CID 630:S2CID 501:amine 380:thiol 378:of a 248:, or 154:Fe−NO 136:into 94:JSTOR 80:books 2064:Heme 1991:CAMK 1810:eNOS 1800:TRIM 1751:MITU 1746:IPTU 1741:EITU 1678:iNOS 1668:TRIM 1565:nNOS 1433:JS-K 1301:tert 848:ISSN 761:PMID 724:ISBN 622:PMID 587:PMID 402:and 382:and 197:The 142:R−NO 66:news 2077:CaM 2059:FMN 2054:FAD 2004:W-7 1937:ABH 1716:AMT 1556:NOS 1042:ODQ 976:sGC 840:doi 753:doi 749:102 614:doi 579:doi 575:102 427:is 335:bel 313:of 256:or 49:by 2222:: 2141:: 2118:ET 2110:, 2090:Ca 2069:BH 1476:; 1376:): 1370:; 1305:; 1249:): 1243:; 854:. 846:. 836:24 834:. 830:. 759:. 747:. 628:. 620:. 610:38 608:. 585:. 573:. 545:. 514:NO 431:. 413:. 406:. 386:: 358:NO 339:NO 331:NO 317:: 244:, 240:, 216:. 172:NH 168:NO 2192:) 2179:) 2172:) 2165:) 2155:) 2151:( 2145:) 2128:) 2120:B 2114:) 2102:/ 2084:2 2082:O 2071:4 2037:L 2028:L 1944:L 1842:L 1838:L 1829:L 1825:L 1788:L 1784:L 1775:L 1771:L 1762:L 1758:L 1651:L 1647:L 1638:L 1634:L 1625:L 1547:) 1543:( 1481:: 1466:: 1392:: 1288:n 1241:) 1237:2 1229:: 1225:/ 1162:) 1158:3 1075:: 1064:) 1060:( 917:e 910:t 903:v 862:. 842:: 767:. 755:: 732:. 649:. 636:. 616:: 593:. 581:: 531:2 527:2 525:R 522:O 520:2 516:2 480:- 478:N 457:O 455:2 443:S 437:- 435:O 394:O 392:2 370:S 344:2 325:O 323:2 181:. 174:2 158:S 118:. 105:) 101:( 91:· 84:· 77:· 70:· 53:. 39:.

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"Nitrosation and nitrosylation"
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scholar
JSTOR
Nitration

metal complexes
nitroso
nitrosyl radical
nitrosonium ion
nitrosamine
enzymes
biological functions of
nitric oxide
S-nitrosylation
cysteine
cell signalling
nitrous acid
sodium nitrite
synthon
chloride
bromide
thiocyanate

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