217:-nitrosylation includes the protein protein transnitrosylation, which is the transfer of an NO moiety from a SNO to the free thiols in another protein. Thioredoxin (Txn), a protein disulfide oxidoreductase for the cytosol and caspase 3 are a good example where transnitrosylation is significant in regulating cell death. Another example include, the structural changes in mammalian Hb to SNO-Hb under oxygen depleted conditions helps it to bind to AE1 (Anion Exchange, a membrane protein) and in turn gets transnitrosylated the later. Cdk5 (a neuronal-specific kinase) is known get nitrosylated at cysteine 83 and 157 in different neurodegenerative diseases like AD. This SNO-Cdk5 in turn is nitrosylated Drp1, the nitrosylated form of which can be considered as a therapeutic target.
205:-nitrosylation (and denitrosylation) has been implicated in multiple diseases, including heart disease, cancer and asthma as well as neurological disorders, including stroke, chronic degenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
179:-nitrosylation is denitrosylation, principally an enzymically controlled process. Multiple enzymes have been described to date, which fall into two main classes mediating denitrosylation of protein and low molecular weight SNOs, respectively.
151:-Nitrosylation similarly contributes to physiology and dysfunction of cardiac, airway and skeletal muscle and the immune system, reflecting wide-ranging functions in cells and tissues. It is estimated that ~70% of the proteome is subject to
868:
Lipton SA, Choi YB, Pan ZH, Lei SZ, Chen HS, Sucher NJ, et al. (August 1993). "A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds".
1363:
Stoyanovsky DA, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anand D, Mandavia DN, Gius D, et al. (November 2005). "Thioredoxin and lipoic acid catalyze the denitrosation of low molecular weight and protein S-nitrosothiols".
825:
Lei SZ, Pan ZH, Aggarwal SK, Chen HS, Hartman J, Sucher NJ, Lipton SA (June 1992). "Effect of nitric oxide production on the redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor-channel complex".
1171:
Sircar E, Rai SR, Wilson MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sengupta R (June 2021). "Neurodegeneration: Impact of S-nitrosylated Parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1 on the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease".
759:
Stamler JS, Simon DI, Osborne JA, Mullins M, Jaraki O, Michel T, Singel D, Loscalzo J (1992). "Comparison of properties of nitric oxide". In
Moncada S, Marletta MA, Hibbs JB (eds.).
1399:
Sengupta R, Ryter SW, Zuckerbraun BS, Tzeng E, Billiar TR, Stoyanovsky DA (July 2007). "Thioredoxin catalyzes the denitrosation of low-molecular mass and protein S-nitrosothiols".
1491:
Wu C, Liu T, Wang Y, Yan L, Cui C, Beuve A, Li H (2018). "Biotin Switch
Processing and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of S-Nitrosated Thioredoxin and Its Transnitrosation Targets".
1626:
Gu Z, Kaul M, Yan B, Kridel SJ, Cui J, Strongin A, et al. (August 2002). "S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death".
87:-Nitrosylation is precisely targeted, reversible, spatiotemporally restricted and necessary for a wide range of cellular responses, including the prototypic example of
1736:
Uehara T, Nakamura T, Yao D, Shi ZQ, Gu Z, Ma Y, et al. (May 2006). "S-nitrosylated protein-disulphide isomerase links protein misfolding to neurodegeneration".
131:-nitrosylation in biological systems were also described concomitantly. Important examples of proteins whose activities were subsequently shown to be regulated by
119:-Nitrosylation was first described by Stamler et al. and proposed as a general mechanism for control of protein function, including examples of both active and
1542:
Aranda E, LΓ³pez-Pedrera C, De La Haba-Rodriguez JR, Rodriguez-Ariza A (January 2012). "Nitric oxide and cancer: the emerging role of S-nitrosylation".
1320:
Liu L, Hausladen A, Zeng M, Que L, Heitman J, Stamler JS (March 2001). "A metabolic enzyme for S-nitrosothiol conserved from bacteria to humans".
1508:
78:
1273:"Balancing reactivity against selectivity: the evolution of protein S-nitrosylation as an effector of cell signaling by nitric oxide"
428:"Nitric oxide synthase generates nitric oxide locally to regulate compartmentalized protein S-nitrosylation and protein trafficking"
1679:"Nitrosative stress linked to sporadic Parkinson's disease: S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity"
180:
143:-nitrosylation following stimulation of the NMDA receptor would come to serve as a prototypic example of the involvement of
2006:
490:
Hess DT, Matsumoto A, Kim SO, Marshall HE, Stamler JS (February 2005). "Protein S-nitrosylation: purview and parameters".
136:
2011:
702:"S-nitrosylation of tissue-type plasminogen activator confers vasodilatory and antiplatelet properties on the enzyme"
2001:
1124:"Protein S-Nitrosylation: Determinants of Specificity and Enzymatic Regulation of S-Nitrosothiol-Based Signaling"
782:
Stamler JS, Singel DJ, Loscalzo J (December 1992). "Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms".
761:
The biology of nitric oxide: proceedings of the 2nd
International Meeting on the Biology of Nitric Oxide, London
643:"S-nitrosylation of proteins with nitric oxide: synthesis and characterization of biologically active compounds"
115:. Beside enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity and low pka values also play a key role in regulating the process.
342:
Padgett CM, Whorton AR (September 1995). "S-nitrosoglutathione reversibly inhibits GAPDH by S-nitrosylation".
193:(GSNO) and of SNO-proteins in equilibrium with GSNO. The enzyme is highly conserved from bacteria to humans.
1579:"S-nitrosylation of EGFR and Src activates an oncogenic signaling network in human basal-like breast cancer"
1903:
Pawloski JR, Hess DT, Stamler JS (February 2001). "Export by red blood cells of nitric oxide bioactivity".
120:
163:-Nitrosylation is thus established as ubiquitous in biology, having been demonstrated to occur in all
1857:
1800:
1745:
1690:
1635:
1447:
1227:
878:
791:
713:
654:
546:
439:
296:
187:
1075:"Identification of novel S-nitrosation sites in soluble guanylyl cyclase, the nitric oxide receptor"
922:"Aberrant protein S-nitrosylation contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases"
159:-Nitrosylation is also known to show up in mediating pathogenicity in Parkinson's disease systems.
1928:
1789:"S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury"
1769:
1659:
1345:
1196:
1000:
902:
850:
515:
426:
Iwakiri Y, Satoh A, Chatterjee S, Toomre DK, Chalouni CM, Fulton D, et al. (December 2006).
408:
1844:
Schonhoff CM, Matsuoka M, Tummala H, Johnson MA, EstevΓ©z AG, Wu R, et al. (February 2006).
700:
Stamler JS, Simon DI, Jaraki O, Osborne JA, Francis S, Mullins M, et al. (September 1992).
197:(Trx)-related proteins, including Trx1 and 2 in mammals, catalyze the direct denitrosylation of
535:"Hemoglobin Ξ²Cys93 is essential for cardiovascular function and integrated response to hypoxia"
1977:
1920:
1885:
1826:
1761:
1718:
1651:
1608:
1559:
1524:
1504:
1473:
1416:
1381:
1337:
1302:
1253:
1188:
1153:
1104:
1052:
992:
951:
894:
842:
807:
764:
741:
682:
641:
Stamler JS, Simon DI, Osborne JA, Mullins ME, Jaraki O, Michel T, et al. (January 1992).
623:
574:
507:
467:
400:
359:
324:
265:
164:
236:"Enzymatic mechanisms regulating protein S-nitrosylation: implications in health and disease"
1967:
1959:
1912:
1875:
1865:
1816:
1808:
1753:
1708:
1698:
1643:
1598:
1590:
1551:
1514:
1496:
1463:
1455:
1408:
1373:
1329:
1292:
1284:
1243:
1235:
1180:
1143:
1135:
1094:
1086:
1042:
1034:
982:
941:
933:
886:
834:
799:
731:
721:
672:
662:
613:
605:
564:
554:
499:
457:
447:
390:
351:
314:
304:
255:
247:
186:(GSNOR) is exemplary of the low molecular weight class; it accelerates the decomposition of
112:
920:
Nakamura T, Prikhodko OA, Pirie E, Nagar S, Akhtar MW, Oh CK, et al. (December 2015).
1861:
1804:
1749:
1694:
1639:
1577:
Switzer CH, Glynn SA, Cheng RY, Ridnour LA, Green JE, Ambs S, Wink DA (September 2012).
1451:
1231:
882:
795:
717:
658:
550:
443:
300:
1972:
1947:
1880:
1845:
1821:
1788:
1603:
1578:
1519:
1468:
1435:
1297:
1272:
1248:
1215:
1148:
1123:
1099:
1074:
1047:
1022:
946:
921:
618:
593:
569:
534:
462:
427:
379:"Dexras1: a G protein specifically coupled to neuronal nitric oxide synthase via CAPON"
260:
235:
111:-nitrosylases) that operate in concert to conjugate NO to proteins, drawing analogy to
88:
70:
66:
47:
1713:
1678:
395:
378:
285:"Cysteine-3635 is responsible for skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor modulation by NO"
1995:
1200:
838:
736:
701:
677:
642:
319:
284:
1663:
1349:
1288:
1004:
854:
533:
Zhang R, Hess DT, Qian Z, Hausladen A, Fonseca F, Chaube R, et al. (May 2015).
519:
412:
355:
1932:
1773:
906:
31:
20:
1594:
1500:
1038:
609:
1948:"Emerging role of protein-protein transnitrosylation in cell signaling pathways"
1090:
194:
1850:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1787:
Cho DH, Nakamura T, Fang J, Cieplak P, Godzik A, Gu Z, Lipton SA (April 2009).
1683:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1555:
1436:"Regulated protein denitrosylation by cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxins"
987:
970:
706:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
647:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
539:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
432:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
289:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1184:
937:
251:
92:
201:-nitrosoproteins (in addition to their role in transnitrosylation). Aberrant
1870:
1812:
1703:
1647:
1459:
1239:
803:
768:
726:
559:
452:
104:
74:
1981:
1924:
1889:
1830:
1765:
1722:
1655:
1612:
1563:
1528:
1477:
1420:
1385:
1341:
1306:
1257:
1192:
1157:
1108:
1056:
996:
955:
627:
592:
Seth D, Hess DT, Hausladen A, Wang L, Wang YJ, Stamler JS (February 2018).
578:
511:
471:
404:
328:
309:
269:
167:
and has been described as the prototypic redox-based signalling mechanism,
1963:
1677:
Yao D, Gu Z, Nakamura T, Shi ZQ, Ma Y, Gaston B, et al. (July 2004).
1139:
898:
846:
811:
745:
686:
667:
363:
1073:
Beuve A, Wu C, Cui C, Liu T, Jain MR, Huang C, et al. (April 2016).
58:
39:
1757:
43:
1412:
1377:
1023:"Protein S-nitrosylation in health and disease: a current perspective"
594:"A Multiplex Enzymatic Machinery for Cellular Protein S-nitrosylation"
95:
life. Although originally thought to involve multiple chemical routes
1916:
1333:
890:
503:
1216:"Endogenous protein S-Nitrosylation in E. coli: regulation by OxyR"
377:
Fang M, Jaffrey SR, Sawa A, Ye K, Luo X, Snyder SH (October 2000).
1495:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1747. pp. 253β266.
124:
62:
16:
Biochemical reaction; attachment of βNO to cysteine in a protein
283:
Sun J, Xin C, Eu JP, Stamler JS, Meissner G (September 2001).
155:-nitrosylation and the majority of those sites are conserved.
91:
mediated autoregulation of blood flow that is essential for
1846:"S-nitrosothiol depletion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"
123:
of proteins by endogenous and exogenous sources of NO. The
1434:
Benhar M, Forrester MT, Hess DT, Stamler JS (May 2008).
1214:
Seth D, Hausladen A, Wang YJ, Stamler JS (April 2012).
69:. It thus operates as a fundamental mechanism for
1122:Stomberski CT, Hess DT, Stamler JS (April 2019).
1021:Foster MW, Hess DT, Stamler JS (September 2009).
1016:
1014:
57:-Nitrosylation has diverse regulatory roles in
485:
483:
481:
107:activity, entailing three classes of enzymes (
1068:
1066:
8:
1271:Derakhshan B, Hao G, Gross SS (July 2007).
969:Stamler JS, Sun QA, Hess DT (April 2008).
763:. London: Portland Press. pp. 20β23.
1971:
1879:
1869:
1820:
1712:
1702:
1602:
1518:
1467:
1296:
1247:
1147:
1098:
1046:
986:
945:
735:
725:
676:
666:
617:
568:
558:
461:
451:
394:
318:
308:
259:
1366:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1173:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
226:
1946:Nakamura T, Lipton SA (January 2013).
492:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
99:, accumulating evidence suggests that
7:
77:and accounts for the large part of
1952:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
1128:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
344:The American Journal of Physiology
234:Anand P, Stamler JS (March 2012).
14:
971:"A SNO storm in skeletal muscle"
65:and plants and in all mammalian
30:is the covalent attachment of a
1289:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.04.023
356:10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.3.C739
127:-based chemical mechanisms for
213:Another interesting aspect of
1:
1595:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-12-0124
396:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00095-7
240:Journal of Molecular Medicine
184:-Nitrosoglutathione reductase
1501:10.1007/978-1-4939-7695-9_20
1039:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.06.007
1027:Trends in Molecular Medicine
839:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90130-6
610:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.025
137:NMDA-type glutamate receptor
1091:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.009
147:-nitrosylation in disease.
135:-nitrosylation include the
2028:
1556:10.2174/156652412798376099
1544:Current Molecular Medicine
988:10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.013
103:-nitrosylation depends on
1583:Molecular Cancer Research
1185:10.1016/j.abb.2021.108869
938:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.017
252:10.1007/s00109-012-0878-z
1871:10.1073/pnas.0507243103
1813:10.1126/science.1171091
1704:10.1073/pnas.0404161101
1648:10.1126/science.1073634
1460:10.1126/science.1158265
1277:Cardiovascular Research
1240:10.1126/science.1215643
926:Neurobiology of Disease
804:10.1126/science.1281928
727:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8087
560:10.1073/pnas.1502285112
453:10.1073/pnas.0605907103
139:in the brain. Aberrant
310:10.1073/pnas.201289098
1964:10.1089/ars.2012.4703
1140:10.1089/ars.2017.7403
1079:Journal of Proteomics
668:10.1073/pnas.89.1.444
350:(3 Pt 1): C739βC749.
165:phylogenetic kingdoms
121:allosteric regulation
2007:Protein biosynthesis
1862:2006PNAS..103.2404S
1805:2009Sci...324..102C
1758:10.1038/nature04782
1750:2006Natur.441..513U
1695:2004PNAS..10110810Y
1689:(29): 10810β10814.
1640:2002Sci...297.1186G
1634:(5584): 1186β1190.
1452:2008Sci...320.1050B
1446:(5879): 1050β1054.
1372:(45): 15815β15823.
1232:2012Sci...336..470S
883:1993Natur.364..626L
796:1992Sci...258.1898S
790:(5090): 1898β1902.
718:1992PNAS...89.8087S
659:1992PNAS...89..444S
551:2015PNAS..112.6425Z
444:2006PNAS..10319777I
438:(52): 19777β19782.
301:2001PNAS...9811158S
295:(20): 11158β11162.
191:-nitrosoglutathione
2012:Chemical reactions
209:Transnitrosylation
71:cellular signaling
2002:Protein structure
1911:(6820): 622β626.
1799:(5923): 102β105.
1744:(7092): 513β517.
1510:978-1-4939-7694-2
1413:10.1021/bi700449x
1407:(28): 8472β8483.
1378:10.1021/ja0529135
1328:(6827): 490β494.
1226:(6080): 470β473.
1134:(10): 1331β1351.
877:(6438): 626β632.
712:(17): 8087β8091.
604:(3): 451β464.e6.
545:(20): 6425β6430.
2019:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1917:10.1038/35054560
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1856:(7): 2404β2409.
1841:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1589:(9): 1203β1215.
1574:
1568:
1567:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1334:10.1038/35068596
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1018:
1009:
1008:
990:
966:
960:
959:
949:
917:
911:
910:
891:10.1038/364626a0
865:
859:
858:
833:(6): 1087β1099.
822:
816:
815:
779:
773:
772:
756:
750:
749:
739:
729:
697:
691:
690:
680:
670:
638:
632:
631:
621:
589:
583:
582:
572:
562:
530:
524:
523:
487:
476:
475:
465:
455:
423:
417:
416:
398:
374:
368:
367:
339:
333:
332:
322:
312:
280:
274:
273:
263:
231:
113:ubiquitinylation
37:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1511:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1020:
1019:
1012:
968:
967:
963:
919:
918:
914:
867:
866:
862:
824:
823:
819:
781:
780:
776:
758:
757:
753:
699:
698:
694:
640:
639:
635:
591:
590:
586:
532:
531:
527:
504:10.1038/nrm1569
489:
488:
479:
425:
424:
420:
376:
375:
371:
341:
340:
336:
282:
281:
277:
233:
232:
228:
223:
211:
175:The reverse of
173:
171:Denitrosylation
42:thiol within a
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1958:(3): 239β249.
1938:
1895:
1836:
1779:
1728:
1669:
1618:
1569:
1534:
1509:
1483:
1426:
1391:
1355:
1312:
1283:(2): 210β219.
1263:
1206:
1163:
1114:
1062:
1033:(9): 391β404.
1010:
961:
912:
860:
817:
774:
751:
692:
653:(1): 444β448.
633:
598:Molecular Cell
584:
525:
498:(2): 150β166.
477:
418:
389:(1): 183β193.
369:
334:
275:
246:(3): 233β244.
225:
224:
222:
219:
210:
207:
172:
169:
89:red blood cell
79:NO bioactivity
28:-nitrosylation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2024:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
962:
957:
953:
948:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
916:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
864:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
821:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
775:
770:
766:
762:
755:
752:
747:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
688:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
637:
634:
629:
625:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
588:
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580:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
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501:
497:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
473:
469:
464:
459:
454:
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445:
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437:
433:
429:
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419:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
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365:
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338:
335:
330:
326:
321:
316:
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306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
276:
271:
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178:
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162:
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150:
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138:
134:
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126:
122:
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114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:-nitrosothiol
50:
45:
41:
33:
29:
27:
22:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1550:(1): 50β67.
1547:
1543:
1537:
1493:Nitric Oxide
1492:
1486:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1404:
1401:Biochemistry
1400:
1394:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1082:
1078:
1030:
1026:
981:(1): 33β35.
978:
974:
964:
929:
925:
915:
874:
870:
863:
830:
826:
820:
787:
783:
777:
760:
754:
709:
705:
695:
650:
646:
636:
601:
597:
587:
542:
538:
528:
495:
491:
435:
431:
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386:
382:
372:
347:
343:
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292:
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243:
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140:
132:
128:
116:
108:
100:
96:
84:
83:
54:
48:
32:nitric oxide
25:
24:
21:biochemistry
18:
195:Thioredoxin
46:to form an
1996:Categories
1179:: 108869.
932:: 99β108.
221:References
93:vertebrate
1201:233036980
1085:: 40β47.
105:enzymatic
75:phylogeny
1982:22657837
1925:11214321
1890:16461917
1831:19342591
1766:16724068
1723:15252205
1664:19797348
1656:12183632
1613:22878588
1564:22082481
1529:29600465
1478:18497292
1421:17580965
1386:16277524
1350:21280374
1342:11260719
1307:17524376
1258:22539721
1193:33819447
1158:29130312
1109:26917471
1057:19726230
1005:15149572
997:18394987
956:25796565
855:24701634
769:29356699
628:29358078
579:25810253
520:11676184
512:15688001
472:17170139
413:10533464
405:11086993
329:11562475
270:22361849
59:bacteria
40:cysteine
1973:3518546
1933:4387513
1881:1413693
1858:Bibcode
1822:2823371
1801:Bibcode
1793:Science
1774:4423494
1746:Bibcode
1691:Bibcode
1636:Bibcode
1628:Science
1604:3463231
1520:7136013
1469:2754768
1448:Bibcode
1440:Science
1298:1994943
1249:3837355
1228:Bibcode
1220:Science
1149:6391618
1100:5066868
1048:3106339
947:4575233
907:4355073
899:8394509
879:Bibcode
847:1376999
812:1281928
792:Bibcode
784:Science
746:1325644
714:Bibcode
687:1346070
655:Bibcode
619:5999318
570:4443356
547:Bibcode
463:1750883
440:Bibcode
364:7573405
297:Bibcode
261:3379879
97:in vivo
73:across
53:(SNO).
44:protein
38:) to a
34:group (
1980:
1970:
1931:
1923:
1905:Nature
1888:
1878:
1829:
1819:
1772:
1764:
1738:Nature
1721:
1714:490016
1711:
1662:
1654:
1611:
1601:
1562:
1527:
1517:
1507:
1476:
1466:
1419:
1384:
1348:
1340:
1322:Nature
1305:
1295:
1256:
1246:
1199:
1191:
1156:
1146:
1107:
1097:
1055:
1045:
1003:
995:
954:
944:
905:
897:
871:Nature
853:
845:
827:Neuron
810:
767:
744:
734:
685:
675:
626:
616:
577:
567:
518:
510:
470:
460:
411:
403:
383:Neuron
362:
327:
317:
268:
258:
1929:S2CID
1770:S2CID
1660:S2CID
1346:S2CID
1197:S2CID
1001:S2CID
903:S2CID
851:S2CID
737:49861
678:48254
516:S2CID
409:S2CID
320:58700
125:redox
67:cells
63:yeast
1978:PMID
1921:PMID
1886:PMID
1827:PMID
1762:PMID
1719:PMID
1652:PMID
1609:PMID
1560:PMID
1525:PMID
1505:ISBN
1474:PMID
1417:PMID
1382:PMID
1338:PMID
1303:PMID
1254:PMID
1189:PMID
1154:PMID
1105:PMID
1053:PMID
993:PMID
975:Cell
952:PMID
895:PMID
843:PMID
808:PMID
765:OCLC
742:PMID
683:PMID
624:PMID
575:PMID
508:PMID
468:PMID
401:PMID
360:PMID
325:PMID
266:PMID
1968:PMC
1960:doi
1913:doi
1909:409
1876:PMC
1866:doi
1854:103
1817:PMC
1809:doi
1797:324
1754:doi
1742:441
1709:PMC
1699:doi
1687:101
1644:doi
1632:297
1599:PMC
1591:doi
1552:doi
1515:PMC
1497:doi
1464:PMC
1456:doi
1444:320
1409:doi
1374:doi
1370:127
1330:doi
1326:410
1293:PMC
1285:doi
1244:PMC
1236:doi
1224:336
1181:doi
1177:704
1144:PMC
1136:doi
1095:PMC
1087:doi
1083:138
1043:PMC
1035:doi
983:doi
979:133
942:PMC
934:doi
887:doi
875:364
835:doi
800:doi
788:258
732:PMC
722:doi
673:PMC
663:doi
614:PMC
606:doi
565:PMC
555:doi
543:112
500:doi
458:PMC
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436:103
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352:doi
348:269
315:PMC
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256:PMC
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