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Nocona Formation

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612: 2149: 367:. The skeletons are generally preserved in straight, relaxed poses, with the skull aligned towards the east, southwest, or north. Both conditions are similar to modern abrupt mortality events where the animals' corpses end up in permanent bodies of water. Plant debris and charcoal are common in the bonebed as well. It is conceivable that most of the animals killed by a single catastrophe, perhaps a forest fire which polluted the air and water to kill both terrestrial and aquatic animals in the confines of a small lake or pond. 683: 766: 2177: 3561: 1044: 229: 1201: 1139: 744: 1302: 713: 1467: 795: 2163: 211: 862: 1361: 896: 3497: 1228: 561: 984: 643: 1608: 1108: 374:), Loftin Bonebed, and Rattlesnake Canyon 2 Bonebed. Their fossil content is more diverse than the Geraldine Bonebed, but also less well-preserved. Unlike the catastrophic scenario implied for Geraldine, these other bonebeds are assumed to be a product of gradual processes of death and decay experienced in calm pond environments. 1621:
Plant fossils are known from several bonebeds of the Nocona Formation, though they are subordinate to vertebrate fossils at most sites. Insect damage has been recorded on leaves from the Coprolite Bonebed. It is uncommon (only a third as frequent as in modern plants), even when compared to only
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which defines the Texas-Oklahoma border. It reaches its thickest extent of around 350 feet in Clay County, where individual sandstone beds can reach a thickness of 40 feet. The most southern extent of the Nocona Formation is the southwestern portion of Archer County.
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in the vicinity of Rattlesnake Canyon, and subsequently described by Romer and Price in 1939. It had a shell-like texture which was not easily comparable to nodules from the Permian of Texas, and the authors considered it to have potentially been laid by a
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slightly younger sites such as the Taint locality in the Waggoner Ranch Formation. Despite the rarity of insect damage, the Coprolite Bonebed shows the oldest occurrence of skeletonization (removal of all but the veins), as well as
295:, a time-equivalent marine deposit located further southwest in Texas. The Nocona Formation is considered equivalent to most of the Admiral Formation (apart from the highest few layers), as well as the 3545: 3272:
Fischer, Jan; Schneider, Jörg W.; Hodnett, John-Paul M.; Elliott, David K.; Johnson, Gary D.; Voigt, Silke; Joachimski, Michael M.; Tichomirowa, Marion; Götze, Jens (2014-11-02).
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Hentz, Tucker F. (1988). "Lithostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of Upper Paleozoic Continental Red Beds, North-central Texas: Bowie (new) and Wichita (revised) Groups".
2190: 611: 2978:"First evidence of a bolosaurid parareptile in France (latest Carboniferous-earliest Permian of the Autun basin) and the spatiotemporal distribution of the Bolosauridae" 3077:"The discrepancy between morphological and microanatomical patterns of anamniotic stegocephalian postcrania from the Early Permian Briar Creek Bonebed (Texas)" 3538: 678:
One of the most common and characteristic fossils of the Geraldine bonebed, with multiple articulated skeletons displayed in museums around the world.
979:. Multiple articulated skeletons have been found in the Geraldine bonebed, representing the most complete and well-described fossils of this species. 370:
Other productive Nocona Formation bonebeds in Archer County include the Briar Creek Bonebed, Coprolite Bonebed (named for its concentration of shark
3402:"Minimal insect herbivory for the Lower Permian Coprolite Bone Bed site of north-central Texas, USA, and comparison to other Late Paleozoic floras" 3629: 3639: 3605: 3531: 3362: 2574: 3201:"Trimerorhachis (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Texas and New Mexico: cranial osteology, taxonomy and biostratigraphy" 3161: 3076: 3274:"Stable and radiogenic isotope analyses on shark teeth from the Early to the Middle Permian (Sakmarian–Roadian) of the southwestern USA" 3624: 2919:"Long bone histology of Ophiacodon reveals the geologically earliest occurrence of fibrolamellar bone in the mammalian stem lineage" 630:
A small sphenacodontid with a tall neural spine sail. Represented by three partial skeletons. Sometimes regarded as a juvenile of
2842:"Bone histology and microanatomy of Edaphosaurus and Dimetrodon (Amniota, Synapsida) vertebrae from the Lower Permian of Texas" 1734:
Common stem impressions of a large calamitacean sphenophyte (horsetail) which formed thickets in shallow water and shorelines.
307:. A few sources consider the Nocona Formation to be part of the Archer City Formation, but most regard it as a distinct unit. 276: 3343:"From wetlands to wet spots: Environmental tracking and the fate of Carboniferous elements in Early Permian tropical floras" 347:
in 1932. Numerous partial and complete skeletons have been recovered from this site, including some of the best fossils of
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The Nocona Formation was named as a distinct geological unit in 1987; its fossil deposits were previously assigned to the
3240:"Dentitions of Barbclabornia (new genus, Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Palaeozoic of North America" 3041: 3598: 296: 3507: 682: 126: 2254:, Geological Society of America Special Papers, vol. 28, Geological Society of America, pp. 1–534, 765: 322:
are thick and extensive enough to be mapped out on a regional scale. The formation is most well-exposed in
3634: 2750:"A new sphenacodontid pelycosaur (Synapsida) from the Wichita Group, Lower Permian of north-central Texas" 2128:, a small tree accustomed to dry uplands. Associated stems and charcoal show similarity to the form genus 331: 1980: 3591: 2195: 2154: 300: 156: 1161:
A eucacopine dissorophid, a type of small terrestrial temnospondyl. Previously consider a specimen of
3401: 474: 323: 315: 2575:"Late Paleozoic continental warming of a cold tropical basin and floristic change in western Pangea" 2535: 2247: 2182: 260: 3342: 3273: 3239: 3115: 1837: 1511: 3323: 2918: 2798:"Long bone histology indicates sympatric species of Dimetrodon (Lower Permian, Sphenacodontidae)" 2725: 1804:, a small tree found in both swamps and uplands. Common in the Geraldine and Coprolite bonebeds. 327: 304: 146: 2362: 3455: 3358: 3293: 3220: 3135: 3000: 2890:"The skull of the herbivorous synapsid Edaphosaurus boanerges from the Lower Permian of Texas" 2863: 2817: 2769: 2698: 2655: 2597: 2555: 2472: 1437: 1246: 1242: 958: 553: 353: 292: 1686: 500:
in the object suggests that it may still be an egg, albeit one with a softer outer membrane.
3571: 3447: 3416: 3350: 3285: 3254: 3212: 3176: 3127: 3091: 2992: 2930: 2853: 2809: 2761: 2690: 2589: 2547: 2464: 2374: 2255: 1190: 604: 549: 3473: 2656:"Xenacanth sharks and other vertebrates from the Geraldine Bonebed, Lower Permian of Texas" 2453:"Early Permian depositional environments and pond bonebeds in central Archer County, Texas" 3560: 1410: 1354: 1351: 1336: 1131: 774: 736: 343:
One particularly notable bonebed is the Geraldine Bonebed in Archer County, discovered by
2889: 2977: 1200: 1186:(vicinity of) Geraldine, Godwin Creek, Rattlesnake Canyon, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2 1138: 3575: 3515: 2517:
The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, Report of Investigations
1742: 1701: 1528: 1175: 1116: 1043: 1036: 992: 743: 672: 3020:"Osteology and relationships of Captorhinus aguti (Cope) (Reptilia: Captorhinomorpha)" 3618: 3314:
Dunkle, David H. (1946). "A new palaeoniscoid fish from the Lower Permian of Texas".
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are known from the Geraldine, Coprolite, Loftin, and Rattlesnake Canyon 2 bonebeds.
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Tabor, Neil J.; DiMichele, William A.; Montañez, Isabel P.; Chaney, Dan S. (2013).
2168: 2088: 1904: 1757: 1672: 1448: 1325: 1301: 888: 885: 651: 534: 349: 344: 3116:"A new amphibamid (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Early Permian of Texas" 2796:
Shelton, Christen D.; Sander, P. Martin; Stein, Koen; Winkelhorst, Herman (2012).
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Stems and roots of a marattialean tree fern, likely the same plant which produced
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Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe
2996: 1995: 1798: 1675: 1589: 1564: 1384: 1193: 1052: 1033: 1007: 973: 839: 712: 691: 438: 268: 51: 36: 3436:"Russellites, new genus, a problematical plant from the lower Permian of Texas" 3341:
DiMichele, William A.; Tabor, Neil J.; Chaney, Dan S.; Nelson, W. John (2006),
3180: 3095: 2934: 2593: 1103:. Articulated skeletons and other remains are common in the Geraldine bonebed. 3354: 3162:"A new dissorophid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of north-central Texas" 2813: 2802:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
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is the most common rock type in the formation, though grey mudstone and other
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fine sediments are predominant in bonebeds. 11 distinct layers of dark brown
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A zatracheid temnospondyl, a type of medium-sized terrestrial temnospondyl.
1209: 1147: 1096: 1070: 1018: 931: 895: 635: 371: 319: 193: 189: 101: 40: 2694: 2363:"Taphonomy of the Lower Permian Geraldine Bonebed in Archer County, Texas" 1227: 560: 3075:
Konietzko-Meier, Dorota; Shelton, Christen D.; Martin Sander, P. (2016).
1553: 507: 493: 311: 280: 179: 91: 86: 71: 66: 56: 3496: 3327: 983: 642: 3568: 2729: 2125: 2110: 1826: 1421: 1395: 1369: 812: 634:, but confirmed to be a unique species with small adults, according to 483: 431: 106: 81: 2678: 1607: 1107: 2858: 2259: 1081: 357: 3435: 397: 3451: 1678:(horsetail) which formed thickets in shallow water and shorelines. 3511: 2024:
Two species of gymnosperm seeds, possibly from the same plants as
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tooth whorls have been reported from the Rattlesnake Canyon area.
402: 264: 216: 3042:"The Appendicular Skeleton of the Permian Embolomerous Amphibian 2501:, Austin: The University of Texas and Bureau of Economic Geology 1623: 1479:
Geraldine, Briar Creek, Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2
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Geraldine, Briar Creek, Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2
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Geraldine, Briar Creek, Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2
969:
Geraldine, Briar Creek, Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2
1910:, among the most common trees in Permian swamp environments. 3205:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
2536:"Global Permian tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology" 2840:
Agliano, Amin; Sander, P. Martin; Wintrich, Tanja (2021).
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New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
1550:(vicinity of) Geraldine, Coprolite, Rattlesnake Canyon 2 496:
layer was not present, though the high concentration of
3579: 3519: 2132:. Very common in the Geraldine and Coprolite bonebeds. 1628: 1251: 926: 807: 502: 482:". If this identification is correct, it is the oldest 3024:
The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions
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Fox, Richard C.; Bowman, Merton C. (31 January 1966).
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Hirsch, Karl F. (1979). "The Oldest Vertebrate Egg?".
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A medium-sized sphenacodontid of uncertain validity.
279:, it is one of several formations renowned for dense 1712:. Abundant in the Geraldine and Coprolite bonebeds. 3474:"Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database" 3472:Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. 3199:Milner, Andrew R.; Schoch, Rainer R. (2013-10-01). 1626:, which are rarely found in Permian plant fossils. 245: 240: 222: 204: 199: 185: 175: 170: 162: 152: 142: 132: 122: 21: 3114:Bourget, Hélène; Anderson, Jason S. (2011-02-10). 2917:Shelton, Christen D.; Sander, Paul Martin (2017). 2191:List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Texas 853:An araeoscelidian initially named as a new genus, 3409:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2457:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2367:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1482:Very common xenacanth shark teeth and coprolites 2748:Hook, Robert W.; Hotton, Nicholas (1991-03-28). 2540:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 708:A large edaphosaurid known from rare fragments. 3400:Labandeira, Conrad C.; Allen, Emily G. (2007). 489:Later investigations concluded that a distinct 1220:(vicinity of) Geraldine, Rattlesnake Canyon 2 3599: 3539: 3316:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3160:Schoch, Rainer R.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (2013). 3053:Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology 2959:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 8: 1134:, a type of small terrestrial temnospondyl. 330:counties, extending as far northeast as the 2985:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2955:"The Permian reptile Araeoscelis restudied" 3606: 3592: 3546: 3532: 3040:Romer, Alfred Sherwood (11 January 1957). 18: 16:Geologic formation in Texas, United States 2857: 2677:Romer, A. S.; Price, L. I. (1939-11-01). 2493:Hentz, Tucker F.; Brown, L.F. Jr (1987), 668:Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2? 1881:Foliage of a medullosalean "seed fern". 1866:Foliage of a medullosalean "seed fern". 1851:Foliage of a medullosalean "seed fern". 1775:Foliage of a medullosalean "seed fern". 1631: 1254: 1196:, a type of small aquatic temnospondyl. 929: 810: 600:Coprolite, Loftin, Rattlesnake Canyon 2 505: 3395: 3393: 2207: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3309: 3307: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3035: 3033: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2912: 2910: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 1708:", previously considered a species of 3109: 3107: 3105: 3070: 3068: 3066: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2582:International Journal of Coal Geology 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 881:Geraldine, Briar Creek, Godwin Creek 473:An egg-like object was discovered by 7: 3557: 3555: 3493: 3491: 3440:Geological Survey Professional Paper 2510: 2508: 2488: 2486: 2252:28 : Review of the Pelycosauria 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 756:(vicinity of) Geraldine, Briar Creek 299:. The Nocona Formation overlies the 2246:Romer, A. S.; Price, L. W. (1940), 2002:. Common in the Coprolite Bonebed. 454:Uncertain or tentative taxa are in 283:of terrestrial vertebrate fossils. 3120:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2754:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2102:Foliage of a fern or "seed fern". 14: 3349:, Geological Society of America, 2976:Falconnet, Jocelyn (2012-12-01). 414:Taxon falsely reported as present 3559: 3495: 2175: 2161: 2147: 1823:Geraldine, Rattlesnake Canyon 2 1606: 1603:Xenacanth shark spine fragments 1465: 1359: 1300: 1226: 1199: 1137: 1106: 1042: 982: 894: 860: 793: 764: 742: 711: 681: 641: 610: 559: 227: 209: 1531:known from a partial skeleton. 790:A medium-sized sphenacodontid. 607:with a tall neural spine sail. 419:Dubious taxon or junior synonym 3630:Texas geologic formation stubs 3503:This article about a specific 2766:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011374 1633:Plants of the Nocona Formation 1099:, a type of large semiaquatic 1: 3640:Permian paleontological sites 2552:10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.265.01.04 1503:A single palaeoniscoid tooth 1347:Geraldine, Coprolite, Loftin 3578:. You can help Knowledge by 3567:This article related to the 3518:. You can help Knowledge by 3421:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.015 3290:10.1080/08912963.2013.838953 3132:10.1080/02724634.2011.539652 2495:"Wichita Falls-Lawton sheet" 2469:10.1016/0031-0182(89)90153-3 2379:10.1016/0031-0182(87)90051-4 2248:"Review of the Pelycosauria" 1256:Fish of the Nocona Formation 914:Rare captorhinid vertebrae. 3217:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0360 2997:10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.495 2953:Vaughn, Peter Paul (1955). 2683:American Journal of Science 2679:"The oldest vertebrate egg" 671:A medium-sized herbivorous 381: 361:, and (to a lesser extent) 3656: 3554: 3490: 3434:Mamay, Sergius H. (1968). 3181:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.04.002 3096:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.06.005 2935:10.1016/j.crpv.2017.02.002 2594:10.1016/j.coal.2013.07.009 2534:Lucas, Spencer G. (2006). 2451:Martin Sander, P. (1989). 2361:Sander, P. Martin (1987). 297:Coleman Junction Formation 3238:Johnson, Gary D. (2003). 2814:10.1017/S175569101300025X 2654:Johnson, Gary D. (2013). 1998:, previously referred to 1902: 1887: 1835: 1740: 1464: 1446: 719: 567: 486:egg in the fossil record. 388: 384: 26: 3625:Permian geology of Texas 3259:10.1002/mmng.20030060106 386: 2718:Journal of Paleontology 2499:Geologic atlas of Texas 934:of the Nocona Formation 815:of the Nocona Formation 624:Geraldine, Briar Creek, 510:of the Nocona Formation 249:Hentz & Brown, 1987 3169:Comptes Rendus Palevol 3084:Comptes Rendus Palevol 2923:Comptes Rendus Palevol 2888:Modesto, S.P. (1995). 2695:10.2475/ajs.237.11.826 1462:Xenacanth shark teeth 1297:fin spines and scales 462:taxa are discredited. 350:Edaphosaurus boanerges 3355:10.1130/2006.2399(11) 3347:Wetlands through Time 2846:The Anatomical Record 2196:Paleontology in Texas 2155:Earth sciences portal 2121:Geraldine, Coprolite 1991:Geraldine, Coprolite 1934:Geraldine, Coprolite 1874:O. cf. osmundaeformis 1794:Geraldine, Coprolite 1731:Geraldine, Coprolite 1697:Geraldine, Coprolite 1668:Geraldine, Coprolite 1575:Rattlesnake Canyon 2 627:Rattlesnake Canyon 2 345:Alfred Sherwood Romer 301:Archer City Formation 267:, dating back to the 157:Archer City Formation 2124:Foliage of an early 2054:Bark and stems of a 1127:"east of Henrietta" 354:Archeria crassidisca 261:geological formation 2183:Paleontology portal 2080:Foliage of a fern. 1829:wood and charcoal. 1671:Foliage of a large 1321:Rattlesnake Canyon 732:Rattlesnake Canyon 358:Eryops megacephalus 28:Stratigraphic range 3278:Historical Biology 1965:Geraldine, Loftin 1522:Rattlesnake Canyon 1518:P. tricessimalaris 761:An ophiacodontid. 552:with a rather low 409:Reclassified taxon 364:Dimetrodon natalis 305:Petrolia Formation 303:and underlies the 275:). As part of the 147:Petrolia Formation 3587: 3586: 3527: 3526: 3364:978-0-8137-2399-0 2138: 2137: 1614: 1613: 1234: 1233: 920: 919: 801: 800: 554:neural spine sail 466: 465: 457: 445: 444: 441: 434: 427: 420: 415: 410: 405: 293:Admiral Formation 253: 252: 3647: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3563: 3556: 3548: 3541: 3534: 3499: 3492: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3464: 3463: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3415:(3–4): 197–219. 3406: 3397: 3368: 3367: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3311: 3302: 3301: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3244: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3196: 3185: 3184: 3175:(7–8): 437–445. 3166: 3157: 3144: 3143: 3111: 3100: 3099: 3090:(1–2): 103–114. 3081: 3072: 3061: 3060: 3050: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2950: 2939: 2938: 2914: 2905: 2904: 2894: 2885: 2872: 2871: 2861: 2859:10.1002/ar.24468 2837: 2826: 2825: 2808:(3–4): 217–236. 2793: 2778: 2777: 2745: 2734: 2733: 2724:(5): 1068–1084. 2713: 2707: 2706: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2651: 2606: 2605: 2579: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2448: 2383: 2382: 2358: 2263: 2262: 2260:10.1130/spe28-p1 2243: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2095:S. cf. macilenta 2073:S. oblongifolium 1930:P. hemitelioides 1859:O. cf. lingulata 1749:C. cf. pteridium 1629: 1610: 1469: 1363: 1304: 1252: 1230: 1203: 1141: 1110: 1046: 1025:D. sideropelicus 986: 927: 898: 864: 808: 797: 768: 746: 715: 685: 645: 614: 563: 503: 455: 437: 430: 423: 418: 413: 408: 401: 398: 382: 257:Nocona Formation 233: 231: 230: 215: 213: 212: 118: 22:Nocona Formation 19: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3553: 3552: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3371: 3365: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3322:(12): 402–409. 3313: 3312: 3305: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3198: 3197: 3188: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3147: 3113: 3112: 3103: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3064: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3031: 3017: 3016: 3012: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2952: 2951: 2942: 2916: 2915: 2908: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2875: 2839: 2838: 2829: 2795: 2794: 2781: 2747: 2746: 2737: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2689:(11): 826–829. 2676: 2675: 2671: 2653: 2652: 2609: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2514: 2513: 2506: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2450: 2449: 2386: 2360: 2359: 2266: 2245: 2244: 2209: 2204: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2143: 1693:A. cf. conferta 1664:A. cf. stellata 1619: 1455:O. platypternus 1337:Ectosteorhachis 1317:B. luedersensis 1239: 1088:E. megacephalus 925: 806: 775:Secodontosaurus 475:Llewellyn Price 471: 453: 396: 380: 341: 289: 228: 226: 210: 208: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 48: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3564: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3500: 3486: 3485: 3466: 3465: 3452:10.3133/pp593i 3426: 3369: 3363: 3333: 3303: 3284:(6): 710–727. 3264: 3253:(1): 125–146. 3230: 3186: 3145: 3101: 3062: 3029: 3010: 2991:(6): 495–508. 2968: 2940: 2929:(4): 397–424. 2906: 2873: 2852:(3): 570–583. 2827: 2779: 2735: 2708: 2669: 2607: 2565: 2526: 2504: 2482: 2384: 2264: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2172: 2158: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2070: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2052: 2049: 2044: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2022: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2005: 2003: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918:P. candolleana 1914: 1913: 1911: 1901: 1898: 1896:P. arborescens 1893: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1841: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1795: 1792: 1790:C. principalis 1787: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1768:C. virginianum 1764: 1763: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1743:Callipteridium 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1698: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1593: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1568: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1493: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1407: 1404: 1399: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1357: 1355:tetrapodomorph 1348: 1345: 1340: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1306: 1305: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1243:palaeoniscoids 1241:Indeterminate 1238: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1191:trimerorhachid 1187: 1184: 1179: 1176:Trimerorhachis 1171: 1170: 1168: 1159: 1156: 1151: 1143: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1120: 1117:Rubeostratilia 1112: 1111: 1104: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1064: 1061: 1056: 1048: 1047: 1040: 1030: 1027: 1022: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1004: 1001: 996: 993:Cardiocephalus 988: 987: 980: 970: 967: 965:A. crassidisca 962: 954: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 937: 936: 924: 921: 918: 917: 915: 912: 909: 907: 900: 899: 892: 882: 879: 874: 866: 865: 858: 851: 848: 843: 835: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 818: 817: 805: 802: 799: 798: 791: 788: 783: 778: 770: 769: 762: 759: 754: 748: 747: 740: 733: 730: 728:O. retroversus 725: 717: 716: 709: 706: 700: 695: 687: 686: 679: 669: 660: 655: 647: 646: 639: 628: 622: 616: 615: 608: 605:sphenacodontid 601: 595: 589: 588: 586: 583: 578: 573: 565: 564: 557: 550:sphenacodontid 546: 545:Lake Kickapoo 543: 538: 530: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 513: 512: 470: 467: 464: 463: 448: 446: 443: 442: 435: 428: 421: 416: 411: 406: 390: 389: 387: 385: 379: 376: 340: 337: 310:Reddish-brown 288: 285: 277:Texas red beds 251: 250: 247: 243: 242: 238: 237: 224: 220: 219: 206: 202: 201: 197: 196: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 49: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3652: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3635:Permian stubs 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3609: 3604: 3602: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3505:stratigraphic 3501: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3475: 3470: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3446:(1): I1–I15. 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3211:(1): 91–128. 3210: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059:(5): 105–159. 3058: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3014: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2972: 2969: 2965:(5): 303–467. 2964: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903:(1): 213–239. 2902: 2898: 2897:Palaeontology 2891: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2712: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2173: 2170: 2159: 2156: 2145: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2130:Schizodendron 2127: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117:W. piniformis 2115: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2067:Sphenophyllum 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994:Foliage of a 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903:Foliage of a 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797:Foliage of a 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1760:"seed fern". 1759: 1758:medullosalean 1756:Foliage of a 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700:Foliage of a 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1571:S. pustulosus 1569: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352:megalichthyid 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1311:Barbclabornia 1308: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247:Iniopterygian 1244: 1236: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1158:Halsell Hill 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132:amphibamiform 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1037:diadectomorph 1035: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 994: 990: 989: 985: 981: 978: 975: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 960: 956: 955: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 938: 935: 933: 928: 922: 916: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904:Captorhinidae 902: 901: 897: 893: 890: 887: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 872: 868: 867: 863: 859: 856: 852: 850:Godwin Creek 849: 847: 844: 842: 841: 837: 836: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 819: 816: 814: 809: 803: 796: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 781:S. obtusidens 779: 777: 776: 772: 771: 767: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 745: 741: 738: 737:ophiacodontid 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 723: 718: 714: 710: 707: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 693: 689: 688: 684: 680: 677: 674: 670: 667: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 653: 649: 648: 644: 640: 637: 633: 629: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 613: 609: 606: 602: 599: 597:Briar Creek?, 596: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 571: 566: 562: 558: 555: 551: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 536: 532: 531: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 509: 504: 501: 499: 495: 492: 488: 485: 481: 476: 468: 461: 452: 449: 447: 440: 436: 433: 429: 426: 422: 417: 412: 407: 404: 400: 399: 395: 392: 391: 383: 377: 375: 373: 368: 366: 365: 360: 359: 355: 351: 346: 338: 336: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 286: 284: 282: 278: 274: 273:Early Permian 270: 266: 262: 258: 248: 244: 239: 236: 235:United States 225: 221: 218: 207: 203: 198: 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 174: 169: 165: 161: 158: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 138: 137:Wichita Group 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 46: 42: 38: 33: 32:Early Permian 29: 25: 20: 3580:expanding it 3566: 3520:expanding it 3502: 3487: 3477:. Retrieved 3443: 3439: 3429: 3412: 3408: 3346: 3336: 3319: 3315: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3250: 3246: 3233: 3208: 3204: 3172: 3168: 3126:(1): 32–49. 3123: 3119: 3087: 3083: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3023: 3013: 2988: 2984: 2971: 2962: 2958: 2926: 2922: 2900: 2896: 2849: 2845: 2805: 2801: 2760:(1): 37–44. 2757: 2753: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2663: 2659: 2585: 2581: 2568: 2546:(1): 65–93. 2543: 2539: 2529: 2520: 2516: 2498: 2460: 2456: 2370: 2366: 2251: 2169:Texas portal 2129: 2116: 2109: 2094: 2089:Sphenopteris 2087: 2072: 2065: 2046: 2039: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2009: 1999: 1986: 1979: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1941: 1929: 1917: 1905:marattialean 1895: 1888: 1873: 1858: 1843: 1838:Odontopteris 1836: 1818: 1811: 1799:cordaitalean 1789: 1782: 1767: 1748: 1741: 1727:C. undulatus 1726: 1719: 1709: 1692: 1685: 1673:calamitacean 1663: 1656: 1632: 1620: 1595: 1588: 1570: 1563: 1546:S. periprion 1545: 1538: 1529:palaeoniscid 1523: 1517: 1512:Progyrolepis 1510: 1495: 1487: 1474: 1454: 1449:Orthacanthus 1447: 1428: 1420: 1401: 1394: 1385:holocephalan 1375: 1368: 1342: 1335: 1328:shark teeth 1316: 1309: 1286: 1279: 1255: 1240: 1215: 1208: 1181: 1174: 1162: 1153: 1146: 1122: 1115: 1101:temnospondyl 1087: 1080: 1058: 1051: 1024: 1017: 998: 991: 964: 957: 930: 876: 869: 854: 845: 838: 811: 786: 780: 773: 757: 752:O. uniformis 751: 727: 720: 703: 702:Briar Creek, 697: 690: 676: 673:edaphosaurid 666: 665:Briar Creek, 663: 658:E. boanerges 657: 652:Edaphosaurus 650: 636:histological 631: 625: 619: 598: 592: 581: 576:D. booneorum 575: 568: 540: 535:Ctenorhachis 533: 506: 487: 472: 459: 450: 393: 369: 362: 348: 342: 309: 290: 256: 254: 241:Type section 3479:17 December 3026:(11): 1–79. 2588:: 177–186. 2373:: 221–236. 1996:cycadophyte 1987:R. taeniata 1981:Russellites 1710:Callipteris 1676:sphenophyte 1645:Localities 1590:Xenacanthus 1565:Spermatodus 1475:O. texensis 1295:Acanthodian 1268:Localities 1216:Z. serratus 1182:T. insignis 1154:S. neglecta 1123:R. texensis 1068:diplocaulid 1053:Diplocaulus 946:Localities 889:parareptile 877:B. striatus 855:Ophiodeirus 840:Araeoscelis 827:Localities 785:Briar Creek 705:Coprolite? 692:Lupeosaurus 632:D. limbatus 593:D. limbatus 580:Briar Creek 541:C. jacksoni 522:Localities 460:crossed out 439:Morphotaxon 269:Wolfcampian 37:Wolfcampian 3619:Categories 2666:: 161–167. 2202:References 2099:Geraldine 2077:Geraldine 2051:Geraldine 2047:S. brardii 2041:Sigillaria 2021:Geraldine 2011:Samaropsis 1970:Pecopteris 1946:Geraldine 1922:Geraldine 1900:Geraldine 1890:Pecopteris 1878:Geraldine 1863:Coprolite 1848:Geraldine 1844:O. genuina 1802:gymnosperm 1772:Geraldine 1753:Geraldine 1702:peltasperm 1600:Geraldine 1580:coelacanth 1500:Geraldine 1489:Platysomus 1459:Geraldine 1438:petalodont 1433:Geraldine 1406:Coprolite 1380:Geraldine 1343:E. nitidus 1291:Geraldine 1281:Acanthodes 1164:Conjunctio 1071:nectridean 1003:Geraldine 977:embolomere 932:Amphibians 923:Amphibians 886:bolosaurid 871:Bolosaurus 722:Ophiacodon 662:Geraldine, 638:analyses. 620:D. natalis 570:Dimetrodon 498:phosphorus 491:calcareous 480:pelycosaur 456:small text 425:Ichnotaxon 378:Paleobiota 372:coprolites 45:Artinskian 3508:formation 3460:2330-7102 3298:0891-2963 3225:0077-7749 3140:0272-4634 3005:1777-5817 2868:1932-8486 2822:1755-6910 2774:0272-4634 2703:0002-9599 2602:0166-5162 2560:0305-8719 2477:0031-0182 2056:lycophyte 2030:Cordaites 1955:Psaronius 1908:tree fern 1813:Dadoxylon 1784:Cordaites 1721:Calamites 1706:seed fern 1658:Annularia 1540:Sagenodus 1436:A single 1326:xenacanth 1210:Zatrachys 1194:dvinosaur 1148:Scapanops 1034:diadectid 1019:Diadectes 1008:microsaur 974:archeriid 508:Synapsids 469:Synapsids 394:Color key 332:Red River 320:sandstone 316:laminated 194:siltstone 190:sandstone 171:Lithology 163:Thickness 143:Underlies 127:Formation 41:Sakmarian 3328:24531376 3044:Archeria 2463:: 1–21. 2141:See also 1972:leaves. 1942:P. unita 1642:Species 1554:Lungfish 1411:hybodont 1265:Species 1032:A large 972:A large 959:Archeria 943:Species 846:A. casei 824:Species 813:Reptiles 804:Reptiles 603:A large 548:A large 519:Species 484:amniotic 339:Bonebeds 312:mudstone 281:bonebeds 271:series ( 246:Named by 200:Location 180:mudstone 153:Overlies 3569:Permian 2730:1304086 2126:conifer 2111:Walchia 2026:Walchia 2017:S. spp. 1827:Conifer 1687:Autunia 1651:Images 1496:P.? sp. 1429:J.? sp. 1422:Janassa 1396:Hybodus 1370:Helodus 1274:Images 1097:eryopid 1063:Loftin 1010:teeth. 952:Images 911:Loftin 906:indet. 833:Images 698:L. kayi 528:Images 432:Ootaxon 287:Geology 223:Country 176:Primary 166:350 ft. 133:Unit of 113:↓ 3572:period 3458:  3361:  3326:  3296:  3223:  3138:  3003:  2866:  2820:  2772:  2728:  2701:  2600:  2558:  2475:  2000:Tingia 1961:P. sp. 1819:D. sp. 1648:Notes 1639:Genus 1617:Plants 1596:X. sp. 1556:teeth 1440:tooth 1413:shark 1402:H. sp. 1387:teeth 1376:H. sp. 1287:A. sp. 1271:Notes 1262:Genus 1082:Eryops 1059:D. sp. 999:C. sp. 949:Notes 940:Genus 830:Notes 821:Genus 525:Notes 516:Genus 324:Archer 232:  214:  205:Region 3574:is a 3514:is a 3512:Texas 3405:(PDF) 3324:JSTOR 3243:(PDF) 3165:(PDF) 3080:(PDF) 3049:(PDF) 2981:(PDF) 2893:(PDF) 2726:JSTOR 2578:(PDF) 1624:galls 1383:Rare 1324:Rare 1006:Rare 494:shell 451:Notes 403:Taxon 265:Texas 259:is a 217:Texas 186:Other 3576:stub 3516:stub 3481:2021 3456:ISSN 3359:ISBN 3294:ISSN 3221:ISSN 3136:ISSN 3001:ISSN 2864:ISSN 2818:ISSN 2770:ISSN 2699:ISSN 2598:ISSN 2556:ISSN 2473:ISSN 2028:and 1237:Fish 328:Clay 326:and 255:The 123:Type 52:PreꞒ 3510:in 3448:doi 3444:593 3417:doi 3413:247 3351:doi 3286:doi 3255:doi 3213:doi 3209:270 3177:doi 3128:doi 3092:doi 2993:doi 2989:183 2963:113 2931:doi 2854:doi 2850:304 2810:doi 2806:103 2762:doi 2691:doi 2687:237 2590:doi 2586:119 2548:doi 2544:265 2521:170 2465:doi 2375:doi 2256:doi 1130:An 1095:An 735:An 263:in 3621:: 3454:. 3442:. 3438:. 3411:. 3407:. 3372:^ 3357:, 3345:, 3320:36 3318:. 3306:^ 3292:. 3282:26 3280:. 3276:. 3249:. 3245:. 3219:. 3207:. 3203:. 3189:^ 3173:12 3171:. 3167:. 3148:^ 3134:. 3124:31 3122:. 3118:. 3104:^ 3088:15 3086:. 3082:. 3065:^ 3057:13 3055:. 3051:. 3032:^ 3022:. 2999:. 2987:. 2983:. 2961:. 2957:. 2943:^ 2927:16 2925:. 2921:. 2909:^ 2901:38 2899:. 2895:. 2876:^ 2862:. 2848:. 2844:. 2830:^ 2816:. 2804:. 2800:. 2782:^ 2768:. 2758:11 2756:. 2752:. 2738:^ 2722:53 2720:. 2697:. 2685:. 2681:. 2664:60 2662:. 2658:. 2610:^ 2596:. 2584:. 2580:. 2554:. 2542:. 2538:. 2519:. 2507:^ 2497:, 2485:^ 2471:. 2461:69 2459:. 2455:. 2387:^ 2371:61 2369:. 2365:. 2267:^ 2250:, 2210:^ 2058:. 2032:. 1578:A 1527:A 1409:A 1350:A 1189:A 1167:. 1073:. 1066:A 1039:. 891:. 884:A 857:. 739:. 556:. 458:; 356:, 352:, 192:, 102:Pg 47:?) 43:?– 34:, 30:: 3607:e 3600:t 3593:v 3582:. 3547:e 3540:t 3533:v 3522:. 3483:. 3462:. 3450:: 3423:. 3419:: 3353:: 3330:. 3300:. 3288:: 3261:. 3257:: 3251:6 3227:. 3215:: 3183:. 3179:: 3142:. 3130:: 3098:. 3094:: 3046:" 3007:. 2995:: 2937:. 2933:: 2870:. 2856:: 2824:. 2812:: 2776:. 2764:: 2732:. 2705:. 2693:: 2604:. 2592:: 2562:. 2550:: 2523:. 2479:. 2467:: 2381:. 2377:: 2258:: 1704:" 1491:? 1424:? 675:. 478:" 107:N 97:K 92:J 87:T 82:P 77:C 72:D 67:S 62:O 57:Ꞓ 39:(

Index

Stratigraphic range
Early Permian
Wolfcampian
Sakmarian
Artinskian
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Formation
Wichita Group
Petrolia Formation
Archer City Formation
mudstone
sandstone
siltstone
Texas
United States
geological formation
Texas
Wolfcampian
Early Permian

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