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International varieties have been criticized as both a symbol and instigator of the globalization of wine, in which local indigenous grape varieties are grubbed up in favor of the big names demanded by international markets. In the late 20th century, during the "Chardonnay-boom", vineyards throughout
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The popularity and presence of international varieties in winemaking regions throughout the world have contributed to high levels of consumer recognition for some of these varieties that often appear on wine labels as varietal wines. The recognition is so great for varieties like
Cabernet Sauvignon
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Noble grapes are any grapes traditionally associated with the highest quality wines. Noble grapes are said to retain their character no matter where they are planted. This concept is not as common today, partly because of the proliferation of
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describes an international variety as a "classic variety" which has a long established reputation for making premium quality wines in locations across the globe. The origins for many of these grapes trace back to France which has had a
267:. Historically speaking, the noble grapes comprised only six varieties. The white noble grapes were Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, and Chardonnay. The red noble grapes were Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.
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the world and particularly in emerging wine industries rushed to plant acres of
Chardonnay in order to capture some of the market. Examples of this occurred in south Italy and Spain where ancient
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vineyards were ripped up in favor of new
Chardonnay plantings. This created a backlash of sorts against not only Chardonnay, but also other international varieties. Wine expert
194:, more varieties beyond the nine classic varieties listed above have been gaining recognition as "international varieties". These include French as well as Spanish, Italian and
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Even within the industry, there are protests against the trend of planting international varieties at the expense of local varieties with winemakers such as the
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described a view of
Chardonnay in this light as "...the ruthless coloniser and destroyer of the world's vineyards and the world's palates."
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industries. There is some criticism that the popularity of so-called international varieties comes at the price of a region's
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notes that the name recognition of a grape like
Chardonnay is so powerful that it "transcends the product or its producers".
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The familiar flavors and name recognition of
Chardonnay have seen the variety pop up in regions throughout the world.
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varieties, and partly because some critics feel that it unfairly prioritizes varieties grown within
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and
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thought. The nine classic international varieties that MacNeil lists are
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varieties. The majority of declared international varieties are
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The
Original Red Noble Grapes - infographic on DryRedWines.com
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57:. These are grapes that are highly likely to appear on
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492:The film-maker who took on the wine world
455:Wine Talk: Looking Beyond Cabs and Pinots
474:, pp. 63–73, 119, Harcourt Books, 2001,
1487:Clarification and stabilization of wine
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412:, pp. 48–59, Workman Publishing 2001
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571:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
254:A Californian Cabernet Sauvignon.
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338:comparing the trend to "burning
429:Koeppel, Fredric (2007-12-06).
65:wines and are often considered
390:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
53:and has widespread appeal and
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1513:Glossary of viticulture terms
121:Merlot grapes growing in the
1518:Glossary of winemaking terms
435:Home & Garden Television
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1438:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
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1528:History of the wine press
1418:Sparkling wine production
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1523:Wine tasting descriptors
1244:Wine tasting descriptors
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1065:Alternative wine closure
649:Great French Wine Blight
280:themselves. Wine expert
81:in origin (most notably
1413:Malolactic fermentation
472:Encyclopedia of Grapes
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138:of influencing global
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51:wine producing regions
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1214:Wine and food pairing
461:, September 19, 2001
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43:international variety
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865:Muscat of Alexandria
271:Consumer recognition
55:consumer recognition
1443:Yeast in winemaking
1395:Carbonic maceration
498:, November 6, 2004
388:J. Robinson (ed.),
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1234:Wine personalities
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287:The New York Times
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69:for emerging
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47:grape variety
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1239:Wine tasting
860:Muscat blanc
830:Chenin blanc
627:Ancient Rome
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438:. Retrieved
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408:K. MacNeil,
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389:
364:
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336:Aimé Guibert
329:
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261:hybrid grape
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246:Noble grapes
189:
156:Chenin blanc
136:long history
129:Wine expert
128:
42:
40:
1508:Wine bottle
1480:Other steps
1471:Wine cellar
1428:SĂĽssreserve
1120:Wine cellar
1110:Wine bottle
1051:accessories
1049:Packaging,
1008:Tempranillo
637:Noah's wine
617:Phoenicians
563:Viticulture
470:Oz Clarke,
282:Frank Prial
278:brand names
228:Pinot blanc
212:Tempranillo
140:viticulture
95:Tempranillo
59:wine labels
18:Noble grape
1577:Categories
1387:Maceration
1377:Wine press
1367:Destemming
1318:Winemaking
1224:Wine fraud
1219:Wine fault
1204:Oenophilia
1140:Wine label
1135:Wine glass
1100:Port tongs
998:Sangiovese
993:Pinot noir
953:Douce noir
880:Rkatsiteli
825:Chardonnay
815:Catarratto
789:by acreage
763:Biodynamic
726:Aromatized
515:winemaking
453:F. Prial "
440:2007-06-27
371:References
340:cathedrals
309:Negroamaro
232:Pinot gris
216:Sangiovese
164:Pinot noir
152:Chardonnay
144:winemaking
103:Sangiovese
87:Chardonnay
75:indigenous
67:benchmarks
1339:Noble rot
1229:Winemaker
1209:Sommelier
1145:Wine rack
1125:Wine cork
1115:Wine cave
1105:Screw cap
1075:Corkscrew
1040:New World
1035:Old World
1013:Zinfandel
988:Mourvèdre
895:Trebbiano
835:Colombard
736:Noble rot
716:Fortified
694:Sparkling
661:New World
353:Mondovino
334:producer
332:Languedoc
325:Oz Clarke
313:Primitivo
294:Criticism
208:Mourvedre
192:New World
123:La Mancha
93:(such as
1354:Pressing
1276:Glossary
1192:Industry
1085:Jug wine
1080:Decanter
1070:Box wine
968:Isabella
963:Grenache
943:Carignan
890:SĂ©millon
875:Riesling
870:Palomino
613:Ancient
596:Vineyard
591:Veraison
576:Oenology
346:See also
317:Grenache
240:Viognier
236:Pinotage
220:Nebbiolo
176:Semillon
168:Riesling
107:Nebbiolo
63:varietal
1538:Terroir
1496:Related
1344:Vintage
1326:Harvest
1271:Outline
1095:Muselet
1057:storage
948:Cinsaut
923:Barbera
850:Macabeo
810:Aligoté
768:Organic
758:Natural
711:Dessert
656:Georgia
606:History
586:Terroir
581:Species
99:Italian
91:Spanish
36:Moldova
1503:Winery
1466:Solera
1090:Kvevri
978:Merlot
973:Malbec
773:Kosher
749:Other
704:Orange
677:Styles
644:France
478:
416:
396:
321:Mataro
265:France
204:Malbec
200:Muscat
196:German
160:Merlot
97:) and
79:French
1453:Aging
1003:Syrah
958:Gamay
928:Bobal
840:Glera
805:Airén
797:White
753:Table
741:Straw
731:Fruit
689:White
632:China
511:Wines
180:Syrah
45:is a
1055:and
784:Top
699:Rosé
555:Wine
513:and
476:ISBN
414:ISBN
394:ISBN
319:and
178:and
142:and
105:and
85:and
71:wine
1461:Oak
910:Red
721:Ice
684:Red
494:",
457:",
342:".
284:of
61:as
41:An
1579::
433:.
379:^
315:,
311:,
242:.
234:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
202:,
182:.
174:,
170:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
1310:e
1303:t
1296:v
1053:,
547:e
540:t
533:v
443:.
20:)
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