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have been created in the first place, they have to meet at the right time and conceive us at a particular time to enable that particular sperm to fuse with that particular egg. Thus, it is clear that all sorts of things, any change in society, will effect who is born." According to
Bennett, this means that no-one is actually harmed if one does not select the best offspring, as the individuals born could not have had any other, worse life as they would otherwise never have been born – "choosing worthwhile but impaired lives harms no-one and is thus not less preferable", as Bennett puts it. Bennett argues that while advocates of procreative beneficence could appeal to impersonal harm, which is where one should aim to ensure the maximum possible potential quality of life and thus embryos without or with the least impairments should be selected (as the impersonal total quality of life will be improved), this argument is flawed on two counts. Firstly on an intuitive level, Bennett questions if benefit or harm that does not affect anyone (i.e. it is impersonal) should be worthy of consideration as no actual people will gain or lose anything. Secondly and on a theoretical level, Bennett argues that attempting to increase the sum total impersonal happiness (or decrease impersonal harm) can lead to repugnant conclusions, such as being obliged to produce as many offspring as possible to bring more people into the world to raise the level of impersonal happiness, even if the quality of life of individuals suffers for it due to scarcity and overcrowding. Bennett argues that this conclusion is repugnant because "it cares little about what we normally regard as morally important: the welfare of individual people".
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criticises
Savulescu's argument. Bennett argues that "the chances of any particular individual being born is spectacularly unlikely, given the infinite number of variables that had to be in place for this to happen. In order for any particular individual to exist, that individual's parents have to
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An argument in favor of this principle is that traits (such as empathy, memory, etc.) are "all-purpose means" in the sense of being instrumental in realizing whatever life plans the child may come to have.
216:; (2) bringing someone into existence whose life is worth living, albeit flawed, is not "bad for" that person; (3) some acts of bringing someone into existence are wrong even if they are not bad
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Herissone-Kelly, Peter (2011). "Wrongs, Preferences, and the
Selection of Children: A Critique of Rebecca Bennett's Argument Against the Principle of Procreative Beneficence".
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Alina
Omerbasic (2018). "Genome Editing, Non-Identity and the Notion of Harm, Between Moral Hazard and Legal Uncertainty", doi:10.1007/978-3-658-22660-2_5, (67-81)
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804:"When Intuition is Not Enough. Why the Principle of Procreative Beneficence Must Work Much Harder to Justify its Eugenic Vision"
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Hens, K.; Dondorp, W.; Handyside, A. H.; Harper, J.; Newson, A. J.; Pennings, G.; Rehmann-Sutter, C.; De Wert, G. (2013).
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Conly, Sarah (18 December 2018). "Review The risk of a lifetime: how, when, and why procreation may be permissible".
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anyone. More precisely, the nonidentity problem is the inability to simultaneously hold the following beliefs: (1) a
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has argued that because there is no intrinsic moral difference between "creating" and "choosing" a life,
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de Melo-Martin I (2004). "On our obligation to select the best children: a reply to
Savulescu".
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becomes a natural consequence of procreative beneficence. Similar positions were also taken by
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765:"Why Procreative Preferences May be Moral — And Why it May not Matter if They Aren't"
711:(2009). "Enhancements are a Moral Obligation". In Savulescu, J.; Bostrom, N. (eds.).
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530:(October 2001). "Procreative Beneficence: Why We Should Select the Best Children".
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Germline Genome Editing: On the Nature of Our Reasons to Genome Edit
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Ranisch, Robert (2022). "Procreative
Beneficence and Genome Editing".
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is the problem that an act may still be wrong even if it is not wrong
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620:(2005). "New breeds of humans: the moral obligation to enhance".
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in a position to select their children, for instance through
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has used the nonidentity problem to study the ethics of
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International
Conference on Population and Development
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124:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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459:"Procreative Beneficence and Genetic Enhancement"
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715:. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–154.
1321:United Nations world population conferences
1234:Population and housing censuses by country
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239:Julian Savulescu § Procreative beneficence
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184:Learn how and when to remove this message
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
957:Estimates of historical world population
399:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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122:adding citations to reliable sources
1326:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
356:"The Paradox of Future Individuals"
253:, rather than mere permission, of
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1218:Population and Development Review
896:The American Journal of Bioethics
729:The American Journal of Bioethics
259:preimplantation genetic diagnosis
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1266:Population concern organizations
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589:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00687.x
506:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00379.x
237:This section is an excerpt from
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1367:Human impact on the environment
1301:Population Action International
622:Reproductive Biomedicine Online
109:needs additional citations for
1316:United Nations Population Fund
314:argued against this criticism.
1:
742:10.1080/15265161.2022.2105435
634:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62202-x
202:paradox of future individuals
245:Savulescu coined the phrase
27:Concept in population ethics
1341:World Population Foundation
1331:World Population Conference
1244:World population milestones
421:Journal of Moral Philosophy
62:the claims made and adding
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1213:Population and Environment
249:. It is the controversial
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1123:Human population planning
947:Demographics of the world
802:Bennett, Rebecca (2014).
662:Human Reproduction Update
433:10.1163/17455243-01506007
395:"The Nonidentity Problem"
1128:Compulsory sterilization
890:Robert Sparrow (2021). "
1070:Malthusian growth model
544:10.1111/1467-8519.00251
478:10.1515/krt-2018-320105
247:procreative beneficence
1197:Zero population growth
1192:Sustainable population
1116:Malthusian catastrophe
1075:Overshoot (population)
952:Demographic transition
763:Saunders, Ben (2015).
568:; Kahane, Guy (2009).
374:Cite journal requires
1433:Identity (philosophy)
1306:Population Connection
1170:Mere addition paradox
1009:Physiological density
676:10.1093/humupd/dmt009
457:Veit, Walter (2018).
330:Mere addition paradox
312:Peter Herissone-Kelly
267:selective termination
261:(PGD) and subsequent
214:person-affecting view
133:"Nonidentity problem"
1336:World Population Day
1291:Church of Euthanasia
1180:Non-identity problem
1155:Political demography
1111:Human overpopulation
606:on 25 February 2021.
118:improve this article
18:Non-identity problem
1185:Reproductive rights
1016:Population dynamics
967:Population momentum
198:nonidentity problem
1311:Population Matters
1026:Population pyramid
1004:Population density
999:Population decline
820:10.1111/bioe.12044
781:10.1111/bioe.12147
47:possibly contains
1428:Population ethics
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1286:7 Billion Actions
1160:Population ethics
1053:Carrying capacity
962:Population growth
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1206:Publications
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1080:World3 model
940:Major topics
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736:(9): 20–22.
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402:. Retrieved
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367:cite journal
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325:Derek Parfit
304:Bioethicist
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294:Ben Saunders
276:Philosopher
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232:In bioethics
226:reproduction
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116:Please help
111:verification
108:
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1089:Society and
1048:Biocapacity
404:17 December
286:John Harris
278:Walter Veit
1422:Categories
1276:Events and
1091:population
1037:Population
988:Population
933:Population
686:2123/12262
341:References
144:newspapers
56:improve it
1372:Migration
1249:6 billion
851:Bioethics
808:Bioethics
769:Bioethics
577:Bioethics
532:Bioethics
494:Bioethics
464:Kriterion
441:182385668
300:Reception
220:someone.
174:July 2024
72:July 2024
60:verifying
1407:Category
1175:Natalism
1098:Eugenics
871:21320140
836:25583876
828:23841936
789:25655693
750:36040888
695:23466750
642:15820005
597:19076124
552:12058767
514:15168699
335:Natalism
319:See also
282:eugenics
1396:Commons
1039:ecology
990:biology
255:parents
158:scholar
54:Please
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1227:Lists
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604:(PDF)
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359:(PDF)
204:) in
165:JSTOR
151:books
867:PMID
824:PMID
785:PMID
746:PMID
691:PMID
638:PMID
593:PMID
548:PMID
510:PMID
406:2015
380:help
292:and
196:The
137:news
1104:Dys
894:",
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