351:. However, some like Najmabadi stated that during the meetings, proof exists on Hamada and a few Iranian women opposing the full cooptation by Iran. While no precise archive of the First Oriental Women's Congress exists, the records of the assemblies of Tehran's Second Congress underwent translation into the French language from the newspaper of Iran and publicized as “Le Deuxieme Congres”. The transcripts of the sessions hosted by the Persian Patriotic Women's League and the original Persian proceedings from the second congress in Tehran were retrieved by two historians: Ghulam and Najmabadi; which were later printed as “documents from the Eastern Women’s Movement” in 2005. Hamada's speech was translated for the first time into a European language from its Persian original delivery at the session by Mr. Haleh Emrani.
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Lebanon and Syria at that time. The Pope received them and admired Hamada greatly. He was confident that she and her brother were a symbol of hope for the region and the right references for information related to the Arab world and the Middle East as a whole. Consequently, the Pope granted Nour
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The Syrian
Congress was held on the first of October, and lasted for one week, in the University of Syria. It was opened by Prime Minister Hajji Bey’ Azm. The meetings continued throughout the day and were attended by people of high position as well as educated and cultured individuals, including the
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A speech by Nour Hamada which took place on
November 11, 1932 at the Institute of Science and Literature in Tehran. In the speech, she outlines the history of Syrian feminism and the evolution of the Eastern Women's Congresses. She also recites a poem she wrote as a child, showing the early origins
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She was the only non-European feminist leader who used the terms “Oriental” and “Sharq” to describe her perspective. In addition, she stressed multi-confessionality, striving to include
Christians as well as Jews in her speeches. In short, her ideas, while sharing roots with other Arab feminists at
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and secured them both. She built many connections in the US within various parties and had various connections secured from her brother. She went to the US in 1933 and attended various conferences with the aim to write about the women's movement in Arabic. She attended a conference called the Ninth
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Next, she went directly to the government, discussing with them and requesting a private meeting with the French consul and her group of feminists to be held the day before the congress. At this point in time, Madame
Ghodsieh Afshar was announced to be the Iranian delegate, and at the meeting with
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The feminist appeal portrayed by Hamada's group was unique as it represented a blend of greater Syrian origins and global reach. Hamada has repeatedly elaborated on her view of the evolution of her activist character based on helping women, whether they are Arab, Syrian, Asian, or Muslim.
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The speech also shows that she disregarded the discriminatory comparisons made against the West being corrupt and the East being pure. She was always inclusive and aimed to express as much diversity as possible as she expounded passion alongside modern Arab feminists.
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Hamada overstayed her visit in the US and was ordered to leave after long struggles and various attempts to no avail. She fled the country in 1937 on her own evading any violations she needed to take care off. She went back to
Lebanon and was only seen in
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women present in the
Damascus Congress, something she blamed on Muslim men being over-enthusiastic to silence their female counterparts. For this reason, Hamada established an association for these women in specific with the help of
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faith, and her family has many religious Druze leaders. She was the daughter of "Sheikh
Muhammad bin Qasim bin Husayn". She was homeschooled by her father and then studied in Beirut, but it was uncertain if she studied at the
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Even though there is limited information known about Nour Hamada's spouse, Said Bey al-Naaman Hamada, it was a childless marriage and she was widowed in 1932. Her husband used to work in the
166:(born between 1887 and 1898, died in 1962) was a Lebanese poet and feminist. She is one of the major figures that strived for feminism causes and gender equality in the Arab region.
320:, which took place in 1932 and used the resolutions that passed in 1930 as the base for their meeting. The congress spread into 3 distinct meetings starting with
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and the Arabic language with her younger brother. As for her older brother, Sheikh Husayn Hamada, he was Sheikh Akl al-Taīfa, following a family tradition.
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wife of the president of the republic, who invited Hamada to dinner on the opening day, and worked with her and took a photograph with her at the event.
400:. She continued to live in the US in a Syrian immigrant community. She taught English and Arabic and continued influencing many people.
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in 1931 in the presence of representatives of the concerned countries. It was there that it was decided to hold the second congress in
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Hamada was one of the most prominent feminist leaders of the time, having founded the first Women's
Organization in Lebanon, the
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granted her the permit, and the congress was held. Each representative gave an overview of the state of women in her country.
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Hamada was essential in the organization of the Arab Women's
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when it comes to wages, remuneration, mandatory primary education, positions in society and the economy, etc.
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in Italy, two envoys by their elder brother, to discuss national and Arab issues of value in light of the
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After the First Eastern Women Congress, the bylaws were formulated in a general assembly held in
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Hamada's presence in the meeting was reportedly very substantial. Hamada spoke highly of the
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1935, when Hamada was in the states, by the International Alliance of Women in Europe.
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Hamada had two siblings, a younger brother and an older one. She shared her love for
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two years later. Even though that meeting never occurred, another meeting did in
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DuBois, E., & Emrani, H. (2008). A Speech by Nour Hamada: Tehran, 1932.
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Annual Conference of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War in
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Participation in the Eastern Women's Congresses of 1930 and 1932
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Accompanied by her brother "Amin Bek", Hamada visited the
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the time, was very expansive and markedly inclusive.
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and to hold a separate Syrian Congress in Damascus.
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