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Of the hundreds of bread varieties known from cuneiform sources, unleavened tinuru bread was made by adhering bread to the side walls of a heated cylindrical oven. This type of bread is still central to rural food culture in this part of the world, reflected by the local folklore, where a young man and woman sharing fresh tandır bread is a symbol of young love, however, the culture of traditional bread baking is changing with younger generations, especially with those who reside in towns showing a preference for modern conveniences.
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toast the bread to the desired doneness, whereupon the heat elements are switched off. In most cases, the door must be opened manually, though there are also toaster ovens with doors that open automatically. Because the bread is horizontal, a toaster oven can be used to cook toast with toppings, like
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An earth oven is a pit dug into the ground and then heated, usually by rocks or smoldering debris. Historically these have been used by many cultures for cooking. Cooking times are usually long, and the process is usually cooking by slow roasting the food. Earth ovens are among the most common things
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Toaster ovens are small electric ovens with a front door, wire rack and removable baking pan. To toast bread with a toaster oven, slices of bread are placed horizontally on the rack. When the toast is done, the toaster turns off, but in most cases the door must be opened manually. Most toaster ovens
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One of the first recorded uses of a gas stove and oven referenced a dinner party in 1802 hosted by
Zachaus Winzler, where all the food was prepared either on a gas stove or in its oven compartment. In 1834, British inventor James Sharp began to commercially produce gas ovens after installing one in
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saw improvement through the addition of fire chambers that allowed better containment and release of smoke. Another recognizable oven would be the cast-iron stove. These were first used around the early 1700s when they themselves underwent several variations including the
Stewart Oberlin iron stove
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Tandır ovens used to bake unleavened flatbread were common in
Anatolia during the Seljuk and Ottoman eras, and have been found at archaeological sites distributed across the Middle East. The word tandır comes from the Akkadian tinuru, which becomes tanur in Hebrew and Arabic, and tandır in Turkish.
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are essentially small-scale ovens and can be used to cook foods other than just toasting. A frontal door is opened, horizontally-oriented bread slices (or other food items) are placed on a rack that has heat elements above and below it, and the door is closed. The controls are set and actuated to
427:. Brick ovens are also another ceramic type oven. A culture most notable for the use of brick ovens is Italy and its intimate history with pizza. However, its history also dates further back to Roman times, wherein the brick oven was used not only for commercial use but household use as well.
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Wall ovens make it easier to work with large roasting pans and Dutch ovens. A width is typically 24, 27, or 30 inches. Mounted at waist or eye level, a wall oven eliminates bending. However, it can be nested under a countertop to save space. A separate wall oven is expensive compared with a
668:. Toaster ovens are generally slower to make toast than pop-up toasters, taking 4–6 minutes as compared to 2–3 minutes. In addition to the automatic-toasting settings, toaster ovens typically have settings and temperature controls to allow use of the appliance as a small oven.
320:. The first electric ovens were invented in the very late 19th century, however, like many electrical inventions destined for commercial use, mass ownership of electrical ovens could not be a reality until better and more efficient use of electricity was available.
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Parker, Bradley J. “BREAD OVENS, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND GENDERED SPACE: AN ETHNOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF TANDIR OVENS IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA.” American
Antiquity, vol. 76, no. 4, 2011, pp. 603–627. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41331914. Accessed 16 Dec.
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and in pre-dynastic Egypt. By 3200 BC, each mud-brick house had an oven in settlements across the Indus Valley. Ovens were used to cook food and to make bricks. Pre-dynastic civilizations in Egypt used kilns around 5000–4000 BC to make pottery.
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became very common household ovens once gas lines were available to most houses and neighborhoods. James Sharp patented one of the first gas stoves in 1826. Other various improvements to the gas stove included the
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In the early part of the 19th century, the coal oven was developed. It was cylindrical in shape and made of heavy cast iron. The gas oven saw its first use as early as the beginning of the 19th century as well.
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Ovens usually can use a variety of methods to cook. The most common may be to heat the oven from below. This is commonly used for baking and roasting. The oven may also be able to heat from the top to provide
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More recently, ovens have become slightly more high-tech in terms of cooking strategy. The microwave as a cooking tool was discovered by Percy
Spencer in 1946, and with the help from engineers, the
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models available but not common. When an oven is contained in a complete stove, the fuel used for the oven may be the same as or different from the fuel used for the burners on top of the stove.
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298:. Following the Middle-Ages, ovens underwent many changes over time from wood, iron, coal, gas, and even electric. Each design had its own motivation and purpose. The wood-burning
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Some ovens can perform in multiple ways, sometimes at once. Combination ovens may be able to microwave and conventional heating such as baking or grilling simultaneously.
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78:, they have been used to accomplish a wide variety of tasks requiring controlled heating. Because they are used for a variety of purposes, there are many different
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which is used to expose materials to a hot environment. Ovens contain a hollow chamber and provide a means of heating the chamber in a controlled way. In use since
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The ceramic oven is an oven constructed of clay or any other ceramic material and takes different forms depending on the culture. The
Indians refer to it as a
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Roger Curtis. "Peruvian or
Polynesian: The Stone-Lined Earth Oven of Easter Island." New Zealand Archaeological Association Newsletter. 22, no.3: 1979. 92–96.
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Sopoliga, Miroslav. "Oven and Hearth in
Ukrainian Dwellings of Eastern Slovakia." Acta Ethnografica Academiae Scientiarium Hungaricae. Budapest: 1982. 315–355
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which turns the oven on and off and selects the temperature at which it will operate. Set to the highest setting, this may also enable the broiler element. A
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are similar to their culinary equivalents and are used for a number of different applications that do not require the high temperatures of a kiln or furnace.
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from 20,000 BC they used pits with hot coals covered in ashes. The food was wrapped in leaves and set on top, then covered with earth. In camps found in
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Silltoe, Paul. "The Earth Oven: An
Alternative to the Barbecue from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea." The Anthropologists'Cook Book: 1997. 224–231.
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Dering, Phil (1999). "Earth-Oven Plant
Processing in Archaic Period Economies: An Example from a Semi-Arid Savannah in South Central North America".
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During the Middle Ages, instead of earth and ceramic ovens, Europeans used fireplaces in conjunction with large cauldrons. These were similar to the
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inside the heating chamber, to enhance the heating process, or, in some cases, to change the properties of the material being heated, such as in the
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that allows the heating of aqueous solutions to higher temperatures than water's boiling point in order to sterilize the contents of the autoclave.
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Heating element control options, such as a "top brown" setting that powers only the upper elements so food can be broiled without heat from below.
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Multiple shelf racks – Having options for positioning the oven shelf gives more control over the distance between food and the heating element.
438:. This stove would set the standard and basis for the modern gas oven. Notable improvements to the gas stove since include the addition of the
618:(UK/Commonwealth). A fan-assisted oven that uses a small fan to circulate the air in the cooking chamber, can be used. Both are also known as
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are significantly larger than toasters, but are capable of performing most of the functions of electric ovens, albeit on a much smaller scale.
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A furnace can be used either to provide heat to a building or used to melt substances such as glass or metal for further processing. A
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was patented. The microwave oven uses microwave radiation to excite the water molecules in food causing friction, thus producing heat.
633:) may not have any controls at all; the ovens simply run continuously at various temperatures. More conventional ovens have a simple
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that is crushed to make the final cement product. (Certain types of drying ovens used in food manufacture, especially those used in
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archaeologists look for at an anthropological dig, as they are one of the key indicators of human civilization and static society.
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or similar hot-burning substance as a fuel, with air pumped in under pressure to increase the temperature of the fire. A
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may allow the oven to be turned on and off automatically at pre-set times. More sophisticated ovens may have complex,
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Takaoğlu, T. (2004). Ethnoarchaeological investigations in rural Anatolia. Cihangir, İstanbul: Ege Yayınları. (p7)
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There are many methods by which different types of ovens produce heat. Some ovens heat materials using the
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uses a temporarily blown furnace, the smith's heart to heat iron to a glowing red to yellow temperature.
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coating was added to the production of gas stoves and ovens in order to help with easier cleaning.
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82:. These types differ depending on their intended purpose and based upon how they generate heat.
591:. In modern times, the oven is used to cook and heat food in many households around the globe.
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to automatically shut the oven off when the food is completely cooked to the desired degree.
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Roper, Frances. "Chilean Baking-Oven." Antiquity Publications. Great Britain: 1937. 355–356.
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Industrial Zanolli double hearth deck oven (left) and Sveba-Dahlen rotary rack oven (right)
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Ovens also vary in the way that they are controlled. The simplest ovens (for example, the
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493:-fired ovens were common in the 19th century. Modern masonry ovens are often fired with
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What's the difference between fan and fan-assisted ovens? Retrieved on 20 July 2013
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Bauhoff, Gunter. "History of Cast-Iron Oven Plate." Offa Bd. 40: 1983. 191–197.
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his own house. In 1851, the Bower's Registered Gas Stove was displayed at the
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allegedly discovered the heating properties of microwaves while studying the
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mineral feedstock (in the form of clay or calcium or aluminum rocks) into a
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A built-in oven fixture that has either two ovens, or one oven and one
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Outside the culinary world, ovens are used for a number of purposes:
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These produce their heat electrically, often via resistive heating.
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1394:"What's the difference between fan and fan-assisted ovens? - Smeg"
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radiation (typically a fire source). Conceptualized in 1946, Dr.
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1996:
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Dales, George (1974). "Excavations at Balakot, Pakistan, 1973".
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is a particular type of furnace generally associated with metal
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Masonry ovens consist of a baking chamber made of fireproof
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Peter James; Nick Thorpe; I. J. Thorpe (31 October 1995).
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and heating. Foods normally cooked in this manner include
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An oven that cooks food using steam to provide heat.
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1973:
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761:is an oven-like device with features similar to a
442:which assisted in temperature regulation; also an
282:used for heating and cooking. Ovens were used by
1493:"History of the Oven from Cast Iron to Electric."
1155:"History of the Oven from Cast Iron to Electric"
402:. It is usually built into the kitchen cabinet.
976:"Mammoths roasted in prehistoric barbecue pit"
97:. Ovens are also used in the manufacturing of
2757:
2012:
1537:
1435:Ovens Advice Centre Retrieved on 20 July 2013
1367:Bizzaco, Michael; Evon, Dan (19 March 2021).
671:Extra features on toaster ovens can include:
345:A stove bench in the living room of a German
8:
1214:Kitchen Remodeling: What I Should Have Known
1060:. Historyworld.net. Retrieved on 2011-11-23.
999:. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 302–.
594:Modern ovens are typically fueled by either
501:, and are closely associated with artisanal
221:Ancient Greek portable oven, 17th century BC
105:; these ovens are sometimes referred to as
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2019:
2005:
1997:
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303:that was smaller and had its own chimney.
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622:. An oven may also provide an integrated
1036:. Donsmaps.com. Retrieved on 2011-11-23.
1070:
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191:
113:are ovens used in the manufacturing of
284:cultures who lived in the Indus Valley
683:Industrial, scientific, and artisanal
7:
2650:
249:Traditional clay stove from Serbia (
27:Enclosed chamber for heating objects
726:is a high-temperature oven used in
156:heat materials by exposing them to
1217:. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 44.
25:
1102:(1–2). Boston University: 3–22 .
1051:History Of The Indus Civilization
974:Viegas, Jennifer (6 March 2009).
754:, are also referred to as kilns.)
258:The earliest ovens were found in
89:, where they can be used to heat
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2649:
2633:
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1356:from the original on 2014-01-04.
796:
782:
278:, each mammoth bone house had a
242:
226:
214:
194:
1499:"Household Appliances-Cooking."
1497:National Academy of Engineers.
1426:from the original on 2013-10-15
1196:The American Gas Light Journal'
517:An oven that cooks food using
382:Interior of a modern home oven
1:
1289:"The History of Brick Ovens."
1153:Bellis, Mary (6 April 2018).
251:Ethnographic Museum, Belgrade
1096:Journal of Field Archaeology
1807:Instant hot water dispenser
711:manufacture) using refined
3339:
1369:"How do steam ovens work?"
1350:Appliances Connection Blog
1327:"Who Invented Microwaves."
1306:The Gas Museum Leicester.
978:. NBC News. Archived from
862:List of cooking appliances
852:Kitchen cabinetry cut-outs
334:
121:are ovens used to produce
40:
29:
3279:
3033:Chorleywood bread process
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2628:
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2069:Food preparation utensils
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1505:"How do Microwaves Cook."
1200:. Volume 99. 1913. p. 42.
1177:"How do Microwaves Cook."
160:while electric ovens and
85:Ovens are often used for
2705:Machine and metalworking
1346:"How to Buy a Wall Oven"
579:and baked goods such as
168:. Some ovens use forced
41:Not to be confused with
2715:Measuring and alignment
2528:Salt and pepper shakers
1827:Laundry-folding machine
485:. Though traditionally
390:A Japanese toaster oven
2074:Food storage container
1450:"Toaster Buying Guide"
692:
521:radiation rather than
391:
383:
375:
364:
349:
111:Metallurgical furnaces
63:
55:
36:Ovens (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
2049:Cookware and bakeware
1695:Electric water boiler
1211:Phillips, E. (2011).
1074:Hierkonpolis Online.
982:on February 21, 2014.
930:"Ovens in Prehistory"
690:
389:
381:
370:
355:
344:
335:Further information:
164:heat materials using
61:
53:
2680:Cutting and abrasive
1503:Gallawa, Carlton J.
1420:"Oven Advice Centre"
1175:Gallawa, Carlton J.
916:"Definition of Oven"
822:Convection microwave
316:invented in 1922 by
203:Jean-François Millet
148:, while many employ
30:For clay ovens, see
2149:Cake and pie server
1986:Appliance recycling
1710:Electric toothbrush
1454:consumerreports.org
1352:. 9 February 2012.
158:microwave radiation
32:Primitive clay oven
3308:Cooking appliances
2889:Calcium propanoate
2224:Mated colander pot
1842:Robotic lawn mower
1725:Evaporative cooler
1510:2010-11-18 at the
1332:2006-01-27 at the
1313:2011-03-15 at the
1294:2011-07-11 at the
1247:American Antiquity
1182:2010-11-18 at the
1081:2017-02-26 at the
1056:2006-03-09 at the
1032:2011-05-14 at the
996:Ancient inventions
961:"Ovens in History"
882:Self-cleaning oven
693:
565:kitchen appliances
563:Ovens are used as
392:
384:
376:
365:
350:
207:Woman Baking Bread
172:, the movement of
64:
56:
43:Industrial furnace
3323:Firing techniques
3295:
3294:
3211:Brand name breads
3048:Maillard reaction
2894:Dough conditioner
2739:
2738:
2563:Strawberry huller
2433:Mortar and pestle
2154:Candy thermometer
1994:
1993:
1614:Coffee percolator
1597:Immersion blender
1448:(November 2012).
1373:DigitalTrends.com
1224:978-1-4575-0777-9
1165:on July 11, 2012.
1006:978-0-345-40102-1
832:Egyptian egg oven
804:Technology portal
738:manufacturing to
647:temperature probe
201:Oven depicted in
166:resistive heating
162:electric furnaces
16:(Redirected from
3330:
3285:
3284:
3256:Sourdough breads
3246:Pakistani breads
3190:History of bread
3175:Baker percentage
3073:Sponge and dough
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2743:
2660:Kitchen utensils
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2636:
2635:
2396:Meat thermometer
2326:Grapefruit knife
2256:Edible tableware
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1802:Induction cooker
1772:Garbage disposer
1720:Espresso machine
1675:Electric blanket
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1446:Consumer Reports
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1396:. Archived from
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1173:
1167:
1166:
1161:. Archived from
1150:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1091:
1085:
1076:"Pottery Kilns."
1072:
1061:
1048:
1037:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
990:
984:
983:
971:
965:
964:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
941:
935:. Archived from
934:
926:
920:
919:
912:
806:
801:
800:
792:
787:
786:
769:Industrial ovens
620:convection ovens
436:Great Exhibition
246:
230:
218:
198:
21:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3275:
3206:American breads
3194:
3185:Bread in Europe
3153:
3092:
3010:
3004:
3000:Weighing scales
2938:
2914:Leavening agent
2867:
2858:
2775:
2770:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2624:
2583:Trussing needle
2391:Meat tenderizer
2381:Measuring spoon
2090:
2064:Eating utensils
2030:
2025:
1995:
1990:
1969:
1965:Washing machine
1960:Water dispenser
1886:Pressure cooker
1869:Convection oven
1797:Ice cream maker
1705:Electric shaver
1700:Electric heater
1685:Electric kettle
1567:Air conditioner
1555:
1553:Home appliances
1550:
1520:
1512:Wayback Machine
1473:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1334:Wayback Machine
1324:
1320:
1315:Wayback Machine
1305:
1301:
1296:Wayback Machine
1286:
1282:
1259:10.2307/2694211
1244:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1184:Wayback Machine
1174:
1170:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1083:Wayback Machine
1073:
1064:
1058:Wayback Machine
1049:
1040:
1034:Wayback Machine
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1007:
992:
991:
987:
973:
972:
968:
959:
958:
954:
945:
943:
939:
932:
928:
927:
923:
914:
913:
909:
905:
897:Trivection oven
802:
795:
788:
781:
778:
763:pressure cooker
685:
662:melt sandwiches
561:
556:
339:
333:
254:
247:
238:
231:
222:
219:
210:
199:
190:
178:Bessemer method
154:Microwave ovens
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3336:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:British breads
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Bread and salt
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3088:Vienna process
3085:
3083:Straight dough
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:No-knead bread
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2824:Sandwich bread
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Types of tools
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:Weighing scale
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Poultry shears
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:Pastry blender
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Lemon squeezer
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Gravy strainer
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Cooking vessel
2035:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1981:Appliance plug
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1933:Vacuum cleaner
1930:
1925:
1923:Television set
1920:
1915:
1913:Sewing machine
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1896:Crisper drawer
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:Microwave oven
1871:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1730:Food processor
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Electric knife
1687:
1682:
1680:Electric drill
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1658:Domestic robot
1655:
1654:
1653:
1651:drying cabinet
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1587:Barbecue grill
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1526:
1519:
1518:External links
1516:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1491:Bellis, Mary.
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1437:
1411:
1385:
1359:
1337:
1318:
1308:"Gas Cooking."
1299:
1280:
1253:(4): 659–674.
1237:
1223:
1203:
1187:
1168:
1140:
1131:
1121:
1108:10.2307/529703
1086:
1062:
1038:
1019:
1005:
985:
966:
952:
921:
918:. 17 May 2023.
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
872:Reflector oven
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
807:
793:
777:
774:
773:
772:
766:
755:
720:
707:(particularly
684:
681:
680:
679:
676:
666:toasted cheese
560:
557:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
515:
513:Microwave oven
510:
467:
462:
458:
453:
450:
447:
431:
428:
417:
412:
408:
403:
400:microwave oven
396:
373:microwave oven
332:
329:
325:microwave oven
260:Central Europe
256:
255:
248:
241:
239:
232:
225:
223:
220:
213:
211:
200:
193:
189:
186:
119:glass furnaces
80:types of ovens
62:A ceramic oven
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3335:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3290:
3289:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Indian breads
3239:
3237:
3236:French breads
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:List articles
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Bread pudding
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:Processes and
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Dough scraper
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Bread machine
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Baker's yeast
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Slotted spoon
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Roller docker
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Potato masher
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Nutmeg grater
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Measuring cup
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:Fat separator
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Egg separator
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Cutting board
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Cookie cutter
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Citrus reamer
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Cherry pitter
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Cheese slicer
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Cheese cutter
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Butter curler
2142:
2140:
2139:Browning tray
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Bottle opener
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:Kitchen tools
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
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1892:
1889:
1887:
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1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Kitchen stove
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
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1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
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1683:
1681:
1678:
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1673:
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1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:Clothes dryer
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Bread machine
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1400:on 2013-05-07
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:Forno Bravo.
1284:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1125:
1122:
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942:on 2021-09-03
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857:Kitchen stove
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356:A wood-fired
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337:List of ovens
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205:'s painting,
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93:to a desired
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69:
60:
54:A double oven
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3286:
3271:Toast dishes
3266:Swiss breads
3261:Sweet breads
3251:Quick breads
3216:Bread dishes
3129:French toast
3114:Bread pakora
3104:Bread crumbs
2949:
2654:
2637:
2603:Wooden spoon
2573:Tomato knife
2503:Potato ricer
2493:Pizza cutter
2468:Pastry wheel
2463:Pastry brush
2428:Milk watcher
2423:Milk frother
2411:Herb chopper
2401:Melon baller
2386:Meat grinder
2366:Lobster pick
2346:Honing steel
2341:Honey dipper
2321:Garlic press
2306:Flour sifter
2291:Fillet knife
2246:Crab cracker
2236:Cookie press
2184:Chef's knife
2169:Cheese knife
2103:Apple cutter
1891:Refrigerator
1863:
1837:Riding mower
1817:Kitchen hood
1641:Dehumidifier
1631:Clothes iron
1582:Air purifier
1457:. Retrieved
1453:
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1362:
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1340:
1321:
1302:
1283:
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1246:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1213:
1206:
1199:
1195:
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1171:
1163:the original
1158:
1134:
1124:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
995:
988:
980:the original
969:
955:
944:. Retrieved
937:the original
924:
910:
877:Russian oven
812:Beehive oven
694:
670:
658:garlic bread
652:
651:
628:
608:
593:
562:
549:
465:Masonry oven
456:Toaster oven
425:Indus Valley
415:Ceramic oven
362:masonry oven
360:, a type of
322:
318:Gustaf Dalén
305:
293:
289:
257:
206:
184:production.
127:
84:
67:
65:
47:
3221:Bread rolls
3170:Breadmaking
3068:Pre-slicing
3063:Pre-ferment
2985:Stand mixer
2970:Farinograph
2872:Ingredients
2854:Whole wheat
2849:White bread
2819:Salt-rising
2789:Brown bread
2730:Woodworking
2643:Kitchenware
2523:Rolling pin
2483:Pepper mill
2296:Fish scaler
2266:Egg poacher
2261:Egg piercer
2179:Cheesecloth
2134:Bread knife
2099:Apple corer
2059:Dishwashing
2039:Kitchenware
1955:Waffle iron
1918:Slow cooker
1908:Rice cooker
1849:Leaf blower
1636:Coffeemaker
1577:Air ioniser
1325:Microtech.
1012:23 November
790:Food portal
728:wood drying
600:electricity
596:natural gas
499:electricity
495:natural gas
395:Double oven
150:electricity
146:natural gas
95:temperature
3313:Fireplaces
3302:Categories
3144:Sandwiches
3109:Bread bowl
3011:techniques
2844:Unleavened
2829:Soda bread
2804:Multigrain
2638:Categories
2508:Pot-holder
2453:Pastry bag
2448:Oven glove
2438:Nutcracker
2418:Microplane
2301:Fish slice
2276:Egg slicer
2199:Chopsticks
2159:Can opener
1832:Lawn mower
1787:Humidifier
1777:Hair dryer
1755:Fan heater
1670:Deep fryer
1663:comparison
1646:Dishwasher
1609:Bug zapper
1430:2013-07-20
1404:2013-07-20
1230:January 7,
946:2021-01-22
903:References
887:Solar oven
867:Oven glove
827:Cook stove
817:Clome oven
717:blacksmith
635:thermostat
631:AGA cooker
624:rotisserie
604:bottle gas
587:and other
577:casseroles
543:Steam oven
487:wood-fired
440:thermostat
406:Earth oven
358:pizza oven
314:AGA cooker
309:Gas stoves
296:Dutch oven
233:Classical
170:convection
136:, such as
130:combustion
3043:Leavening
3018:Autolysis
2960:Bread pan
2943:Equipment
2834:Sourdough
2814:Rye bread
2799:Flatbread
2406:Mezzaluna
2371:Mandoline
2311:Food mill
2281:Egg timer
2241:Corkscrew
2119:Blowtorch
2079:Tableware
1782:Hair iron
1745:bladeless
1572:Air fryer
1275:163182181
1159:ThoughtCo
1027:Mezhirich
759:autoclave
536:Wall oven
531:magnetron
519:microwave
347:farmhouse
276:Mezhirich
76:antiquity
3288:Category
3139:Stuffing
3124:Croutons
3078:Steaming
3058:Proofing
3038:Kneading
2839:Sprouted
2685:Forestry
2675:Cleaning
2533:Scissors
2488:Pie bird
2219:Colander
2209:Clay pot
1974:See also
1881:Pie iron
1792:Icemaker
1715:Epilator
1508:Archived
1459:17 March
1424:Archived
1378:22 March
1354:Archived
1330:Archived
1311:Archived
1292:Archived
1180:Archived
1079:Archived
1054:Archived
1030:Archived
842:Gas Mark
776:See also
744:glassier
732:ceramics
705:smelting
643:computer
616:grilling
614:(US) or
612:broiling
589:desserts
569:roasting
523:infrared
497:or even
475:concrete
430:Gas oven
117:, while
99:ceramics
2995:Toaster
2710:Masonry
2700:Kitchen
2655:Commons
2608:Scraper
2553:Spatula
2214:Cleaver
2194:Chinois
2114:Beanpot
2084:Teaware
2054:Cutlery
1948:robotic
1938:central
1928:Toaster
1854:Lighter
1767:Freezer
1750:ceiling
1592:Blender
1471:Sources
1267:2694211
892:Tandoor
752:malting
748:clinker
740:convert
602:, with
559:Cooking
421:tandoor
272:Ukraine
268:mammoth
235:Pompeii
188:History
103:pottery
87:cooking
3165:Bakery
3023:Baking
2990:Warmer
2720:Mining
2690:Garden
2620:Zester
2558:Spider
2478:Peeler
2331:Grater
2316:Funnel
2109:Baster
1943:manual
1812:Juicer
1760:window
1273:
1265:
1221:
1116:529703
1114:
1003:
837:Fridge
736:cement
540:range.
444:enamel
300:stoves
280:hearth
209:(1854)
115:metals
3318:Ovens
3158:Other
3149:Toast
3134:Rusks
2934:Water
2929:Sugar
2909:Flour
2809:Quick
2781:Types
2773:Bread
2725:Power
2613:Dough
2598:Whisk
2588:Twine
2578:Tongs
2568:Tamis
2543:Sieve
2538:Scoop
2351:Ladle
1901:smart
1859:Mixer
1740:attic
1624:combo
1560:Types
1271:S2CID
1263:JSTOR
1129:2020.
1112:JSTOR
940:(PDF)
933:(PDF)
847:Horno
709:steel
664:, or
639:timer
581:bread
507:pizza
503:bread
481:, or
479:stone
471:brick
331:Types
270:. In
264:yurts
182:steel
174:gases
144:, or
132:of a
123:glass
107:kilns
70:is a
18:Ovens
3231:Buns
3097:Uses
3028:Biga
2980:Peel
2975:Lame
2950:Oven
2924:Salt
2919:Milk
2899:Eggs
2884:Barm
2695:Hand
2473:Peel
2356:Lame
2129:Bowl
1864:Oven
1461:2014
1380:2021
1232:2017
1219:ISBN
1014:2011
1001:ISBN
734:and
724:kiln
713:coke
585:cake
573:meat
567:for
554:Uses
505:and
491:coal
483:clay
237:oven
142:coal
138:wood
134:fuel
101:and
91:food
72:tool
68:oven
2904:Fat
2794:Bun
1735:Fan
1255:doi
1104:doi
757:An
598:or
180:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
