904:" or, rather, considers the breast to be part of itself. Freud argues that those experiencing an oceanic feeling as an adult are actually experiencing a preserved primitive ego-feeling. The ego, in contrast, comes into existence when the breast is taken away, and involves the infant's recognition that it is separate from the mother's breast, and therefore, that other people exist. Freud argues that it would not necessarily contradict psychoanalytical theory for this primary ego-feeling to coexist along with the ego in some people. The main argument for this is that psychoanalytical theory holds that all thoughts are preserved in a conservation of psychic energy. Therefore, the "oceanic feeling" described as a oneness with the world or a limitlessness is simply a description of the feeling the infant has before it learns there are other persons in the world.
31:
864:'oceanic' sentiment", one which Rolland had also experienced. As described by Rolland, it is "a sensation of 'eternity', a feeling as of something limitless, unbounded", a "feeling of an indissoluble bond, of being one with the external world as a whole". Rolland believed that the universal human religious emotion resembled this "oceanic sense". In his 1929 book
790:, among other mystics. According to Rolland, this feeling is the source of all the religious energy that permeates in various religious systems, and one may justifiably call oneself religious on the basis of this oceanic feeling alone, even if one renounces every belief and every illusion. Freud discusses the feeling in his
1294:
934:
The relevance of Romain's stance on the oceanic feeling has been recognized by scholars, who argue for a more encompassing understanding of religion and spirituality, offering a transformational model of psychology which validates the claims of mystics. Neurotheology, on the other hand, investigates
1310:
823:
Mais j'aurais aimĂ© Ă vous voir faire l'analyse du sentiment religieux spontanĂ© ou, plus exactement, de la sensation religieuse qui est...le fait simple et direct de la sensation de l'Ă©ternel (qui peut trĂšs bien n'ĂȘtre pas Ă©ternel, mais simplement sans bornes perceptibles, et comme
833:
But I would have liked to see you doing an analysis of spontaneous religious sentiment or, more exactly, of religious feeling which is...the simple and direct fact of the feeling of the eternal (which can very well not be eternal, but simply without perceptible limits, and like
899:
and exists up until the mother ceases breastfeeding. Prior to this, the infant is regularly breastfed in response to its crying and has no concept that the breast does not belong to it. Therefore, the infant has no concept of a
1711:
868:, Rolland distinguished between the feelings of unity and eternity which Ramakrishna experienced in his mystical states, and Ramakrishna's interpretation of those feelings as the goddess
969:
triggers an alteration in the activity of the brain that leads one to perceive transcendent religious experiences as solid, tangible reality. In other words, the sensation that
1686:
1092:
Devinsky, J.; Schachter, S. (2009). "Norman
Geschwind's contribution to the understanding of behavioral changes in temporal lobe epilepsy: The February 1974 lecture".
802:(1929). There he deems it a fragmentary vestige of a kind of consciousness possessed by an infant who has not yet differentiated itself from other people and things.
895:
Freud argues that the "oceanic feeling", if it exists, is the preserved "primitive ego-feeling" from infancy. The primitive ego-feeling precedes the creation of
750:
838:
Rolland based his description on the example of
Ramakrishna who had his first spiritual ecstasy at the age of six. From his 10th or 11th year of school on, the
1839:
995:
wrote about the notion of oceanic feeling in the article "Oceanic
Feeling and Communist Affect," outlining its historic development through the work of
1138:
950:, an interpretation which was rejected by Ramakrishna himself. According to Anil D. Desai, Ramakrishna suffered from psychomotor epilepsy, also called
1775:
1353:
1421:
1225:
1956:
1909:
1885:
1861:
1829:
1780:
1767:
1751:
1640:
1985:
1402:
1176:
711:
1128:
for a description of characteristics of
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, including increased religiosity as "a very striking feature". See also
743:
1733:
1550:
1375:
991:. Her conception is similar to Freud's, relating the feeling to infantile regression. More recently black studies scholar and poet
1821:
1938:
1759:
1743:
1220:
883:
798:
30:
1990:
1980:
1536:
1240:
736:
696:
1995:
1654:
1591:
1566:
510:
195:
1975:
1948:
1877:
1811:
1632:
975:
940:
877:
792:
783:
544:
477:
1194:
917:
818:, writing that he should consider spiritual experiences, or "the oceanic feeling", in his psychological works:
701:
666:
843:
2000:
1901:
437:
63:
20:
1684:
Bhawuk, Dharm P.S. (February 2003). "Culture's influence on creativity: the case of Indian spirituality".
1094:
951:
947:
921:
184:
1054:
896:
724:
641:
442:
286:
141:
48:
38:
1725:
1532:
962:
1721:
1059:
936:
487:
467:
422:
375:
236:
189:
87:
1274:
1065:
1049:
913:
651:
351:
314:
226:
136:
82:
24:
1799:
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1257:
1167:
1133:
1129:
1119:
925:
706:
691:
385:
281:
276:
246:
179:
119:
1132:, for descriptions of behavioral phenomena evident in some temporal lobe epilepsy patients, and
1952:
1918:
1905:
1881:
1857:
1825:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1729:
1673:
1636:
1546:
1528:
1381:
1371:
1111:
958:
929:
407:
241:
1461:
1853:
1789:
1707:
1695:
1663:
1542:
1249:
1103:
1070:
661:
114:
1171:
1044:
534:
1142:, for some first-hand descriptions of epilepsy-induced "visions and trance-like states".
1930:
1668:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
984:
815:
811:
768:
522:
380:
221:
109:
1699:
1206:
The
Ontology of Religiosity: The Oceanic Feeling and the Value of the Lived Experience
1969:
1934:
1897:
The Enigma of the
Oceanic Feeling. Revisioning the Psychoanalytic Theory of Mysticism
1649:
1004:
764:
539:
427:
271:
158:
1803:
1261:
1123:
887:, answering Rolland's request. There he credits the concept to an anonymous friend.
549:
412:
346:
56:
1873:
Spirit, Mind, and Brain. A Psychoanalytic
Examination of Spirituality and Religion
881:
with a discussion of the concept, and picks up the discussion at the beginning of
1942:
1895:
1871:
1843:
1815:
1715:
1624:
The
Spiritual Quest and the Way of Yoga. The Goal, the Journey and the Milestones
1622:
1107:
992:
857:
787:
646:
564:
482:
472:
417:
402:
341:
324:
1139:
Finding God in a seizure: the link between temporal lobe epilepsy and mysticism
1253:
1039:
1016:
966:
554:
336:
201:
1385:
1794:
1034:
656:
616:
579:
432:
363:
319:
266:
148:
1677:
1115:
970:
946:
Early on, Ramakrishna's spontaneous experiences have been interpreted as
853:
776:
129:
124:
73:
1817:
The
Oceanic Feeling. The Origins of Religious Sentiment in Ancient India
611:
447:
390:
1238:
Roland, Alan (March 1998). "Ramakrishna: Mystical, Erotic, or Both?".
1849:
839:
591:
569:
559:
153:
621:
29:
1652:(December 1962), "Psychiatric aspects of psychomotor epilepsy",
901:
869:
786:
with the external world as a whole", inspired by the example of
574:
1717:
On Being
Certain. Believing You Are Right Even When You're Not
1538:
Why God Won't Go Away. Brain Science and the Biology of Belief
1484:
1482:
1029:
1011:, finally relating it to blackness and the trauma of the
1368:
Primitive Passion: Men, Women, and the Quest for Ecstasy
1499:
1497:
1333:
1331:
957:
These experiences can also be intentionally induced.
1413:
1411:
1370:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 12.
1840:"The transformation of Sri Ramakrishna (pp. 53ff.)"
842:became common, and by the final years of his life,
1845:Hinduism. New Essays in the History of Religions
1687:International Journal of Intercultural Relations
965:, and Vince Rause found that "intensely focused
831:
820:
1322:
1488:
1277:by Henri Vermorel and Madeleline Vermoral in
744:
8:
1473:
1279:International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis
751:
737:
43:
1793:
1667:
1161:
1159:
1939:"Chapter 6 - The Ecstatic (pp. 158ff.)"
1515:
1433:
1398:
1349:
1306:
1214:
1212:
1155:
1083:
676:
296:
55:
1592:"Oceanic Feeling and Communist Affect"
1567:"Oceanic Feeling and Communist Affect"
1503:
1457:
1445:
1337:
1290:
1190:
1822:Springer Science & Business Media
1781:Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
1417:
1168:"Emotions in the Christian Tradition"
989:Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia
16:A feeling of being one with the world
7:
1894:Parsons, William B. (17 June 1999),
1166:Roberts, Robert (18 November 2016).
1776:"An eulogy for Prof. Anil D. Desai"
1177:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
712:Evolutionary psychology of religion
852:Rolland described the trances and
14:
1925:, vol. 110, Advaita Ashrama
1754:(Macmillan Publishers edition).
1221:Civilization and Its Discontents
987:writes about oceanic feeling in
884:Civilization and Its Discontents
799:Civilization and Its Discontents
1842:, in Smith, Bardwell L. (ed.),
849:periods occurred almost daily.
775:" to refer to "a sensation of '
19:For the Prayer Boat album, see
1241:Journal of Religion and Health
1:
1700:10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00059-7
1621:Adiswarananda, Swami (2005),
1366:Torgovnick, Marianna (1998).
983:Bulgarian-French philosopher
697:Cognitive science of religion
1770:(St. Martin's Press edition)
1596:Giulia Tofana the Apothecary
1571:Giulia Tofana the Apothecary
35:Manfred and the Alpine Witch
1108:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.06.006
890:
511:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion
196:Spiritual but not religious
2017:
1986:Psychoanalytic terminology
1838:Neevel, Walter G. (1976),
1812:Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff
1774:Katrak, Sarosh M. (2006).
1323:Zaleski & Zaleski 2005
935:the neurological basis of
911:
23:. For the Lorde song, see
18:
1949:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
1878:Columbia University Press
1633:SkyLight Paths Publishing
1614:General and cited sources
941:oneness with the universe
878:The Future of an Illusion
1870:Ostow, Mortimer (2006),
918:Neuroscience of religion
860:and other mystics as an
702:Neuroscience of religion
667:True self and false self
1902:Oxford University Press
1795:10.4103/0972-2327.29215
1535:; Rause, Vince (2002).
1254:10.1023/A:1022956932676
1095:Epilepsy & Behavior
967:spiritual contemplation
829:In strict translation:
814:coined the phrase in a
21:Oceanic Feeling (album)
1991:Psychological concepts
1981:Concepts in aesthetics
952:temporal lobe epilepsy
922:Temporal lobe epilepsy
856:states experienced by
836:
827:
185:New religious movement
41:
1055:Richard Maurice Bucke
943:and ecstatic trance.
937:religious experiences
866:La vie de Ramakrishna
810:On December 5, 1927,
793:Future of an Illusion
642:Humanistic psychology
443:Esoteric Christianity
287:Spiritual development
260:Spiritual development
33:
1814:(6 December 2012) ,
1722:Macmillan Publishers
1060:Cosmic Consciousness
999:and his relation to
763:In a 1927 letter to
488:Theosophical Society
468:Comparative religion
376:Perennial philosophy
237:Religious experience
215:Spiritual experience
190:Secular spirituality
1710:(5 February 2008),
1655:California Medicine
1533:d'Aquili, Eugene G.
1325:, pp. 162â163.
1066:Transparent eyeball
1050:Psychic equivalence
914:Mystical experience
891:Freud's explanation
771:coined the phrase "
652:Positive psychology
352:Western esotericism
315:Divine illumination
227:Mystical experience
25:Solar Power (album)
1996:Spiritual concepts
1726:St. Martin's Press
1694:(1). Elsevier: 8.
1629:Woodstock, Vermont
1529:Newberg, Andrew B.
1489:Adiswarananda 2005
1130:Geschwind syndrome
963:Eugene G. d'Aquili
948:epileptic seizures
926:Geschwind syndrome
908:Other explanations
707:Geschwind syndrome
692:Mystical psychosis
386:Emanuel Swedenborg
282:Spiritual activism
277:Self-actualization
247:Spiritual practice
180:Buddhist modernism
42:
1958:978-0-618-15288-9
1944:Prayer. A History
1923:Prabuddha Bharata
1911:978-0-195-35408-9
1887:978-0-231-51120-9
1876:, New York City:
1863:978-9-004-04495-1
1831:978-9-400-98969-6
1768:978-0-312-35920-1
1752:978-1-429-92611-9
1720:, New York City:
1708:Burton, Robert A.
1642:978-1-594-73113-6
1541:. New York City:
1275:"Oceanic Feeling"
1078:Explanatory notes
978:with the universe
959:Andrew B. Newberg
930:Ecstatic seizures
782:", a feeling of "
761:
760:
605:Other non-Western
408:Transcendentalism
242:Religious ecstasy
2008:
1976:1920s neologisms
1961:
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1807:
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1543:Ballantine Books
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1519:
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1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1474:Vivekananda 2005
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1235:
1229:
1218:Freud, Sigmund.
1216:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1172:Zalta, Edward N.
1163:
1143:
1127:
1088:
1071:Wonder (emotion)
1015:as discussed by
863:
781:
753:
746:
739:
662:Self-realization
44:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
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2005:
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1931:Zaleski, Philip
1929:
1917:
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1736:
1712:"Neurotheology"
1706:
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1599:
1598:. December 2016
1590:
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1576:
1574:
1573:. December 2016
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1091:
1089:
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1080:
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1045:Peak experience
1025:
932:
912:Main articles:
910:
893:
861:
816:letter to Freud
808:
779:
773:oceanic feeling
757:
717:
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687:
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672:
671:
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535:Advaita Vedanta
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232:Oceanic feeling
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5:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
2001:Romain Rolland
1998:
1993:
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1963:
1962:
1957:
1935:Zaleski, Carol
1927:
1915:
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1788:(4): 253â254.
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1493:
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1476:, p. 482.
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1021:
1013:Middle Passage
985:Julia Kristeva
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889:
844:Ramakrishna's
807:
804:
769:Romain Rolland
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1735:9781429926119
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1650:Bennett, A.E.
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1552:0-345-44034-X
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1102:(4): 417â24.
1101:
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1077:
1072:
1069:
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1057:'s 1901 book
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766:
765:Sigmund Freud
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635:Psychological
631:
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540:Buddha-nature
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272:Individuation
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159:Folk religion
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62:
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46:
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40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
1943:
1922:
1896:
1872:
1844:
1816:
1785:
1779:
1760:0-31235920-9
1744:1-42992611-2
1716:
1691:
1685:
1662:(6): 346â9,
1659:
1653:
1623:
1600:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1575:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1537:
1523:
1516:Bennett 1962
1511:
1469:
1453:
1441:
1434:Parsons 1999
1429:
1399:Parsons 1999
1394:
1367:
1361:
1350:Parsons 1999
1345:
1318:
1307:Parsons 1999
1302:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1219:
1202:
1186:
1175:
1137:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1058:
988:
982:
974:
956:
945:
933:
894:
882:
876:
874:
865:
851:
845:
837:
832:
828:
822:
821:
809:
797:
791:
772:
762:
685:Neurological
585:
584:
550:Kevala jnana
528:
527:
516:
515:
506:Pre-historic
505:
438:Spiritualism
413:Universalism
396:
395:
370:Early modern
369:
368:
357:
356:
347:Neoplatonism
330:
329:
309:
231:
57:Spirituality
34:
1919:Vivekananda
1854:E. J. Brill
1504:Katrak 2006
1458:Neevel 1976
1446:Burton 2008
1338:Bhawuk 2003
1291:Masson 2012
1191:Masson 2012
993:Jackie Wang
875:Freud ends
858:Ramakrishna
824:océanique).
796:(1927) and
788:Ramakrishna
647:Mindfulness
565:Neo-Vedanta
483:Orientalism
473:Neo-Advaita
461:Orientalist
418:New Thought
403:Romanticism
381:Jakob Böhme
342:Hermeticism
325:Panentheism
102:Traditional
39:John Martin
1970:Categories
1947:, Boston:
1602:2021-02-24
1577:2021-02-24
1460:, p.
1420:, p.
1418:Ostow 2006
1401:, p.
1352:, p.
1309:, p.
1293:, p.
1193:, p.
1040:Jouissance
1017:Fred Moten
939:, such as
555:Madhyamaka
478:Nonduality
337:Gnosticism
297:Influences
202:Syncretism
1386:445179421
1248:: 31â36.
1226:pp. 11â13
1150:Citations
1134:Jess Hill
1035:Ego death
971:Buddhists
834:oceanic).
784:being one
657:Self-help
617:Shamanism
586:East-Asia
580:Yogachara
433:Occultism
423:Theosophy
364:Mysticism
331:Antiquity
320:Pantheism
267:Ego death
149:Mysticism
137:Christian
1937:(2005),
1921:(2005),
1804:70463133
1678:13967457
1262:21072291
1124:22179745
1116:19640791
1023:See also
1009:Kristeva
854:mystical
777:eternity
725:Category
677:Research
622:Totemism
358:Medieval
142:Catholic
130:Hasidism
125:Kabbalah
120:Merkabah
88:Timeline
74:Religion
49:a series
47:Part of
1669:1575714
1174:(ed.).
1001:Spinoza
997:Rolland
976:oneness
897:the ego
846:samÄdhi
840:trances
812:Rolland
806:History
612:Animism
448:New Age
391:Pietism
310:General
305:Western
83:History
64:Outline
1955:
1908:
1884:
1860:
1850:Leiden
1828:
1802:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1732:
1676:
1666:
1639:
1549:
1384:
1374:
1260:
1122:
1114:
928:, and
592:Taoism
570:Tantra
560:Moksha
397:Modern
173:Modern
154:Sufism
115:Jewish
1800:S2CID
1258:S2CID
1170:. In
1120:S2CID
1090:See:
1005:Freud
973:call
529:India
501:Asian
37:, by
1953:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1674:PMID
1637:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1382:OCLC
1372:ISBN
1112:PMID
902:self
870:Kali
575:Yoga
517:Iran
1790:doi
1696:doi
1664:PMC
1403:114
1250:doi
1104:doi
1030:Awe
980:".
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1951:,
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