History of the Jews in Sweden

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reports of 79 anti-Semitic incidents, double the number of the previous year (2008). For example, on January 13, 2009, Molotov cocktails were thrown inside and outside the funeral chapel at the old Jewish cemetery in the city of Malmö, in what was seen as an antisemitic act. It was the third time the chapel has been attacked in the few weeks before this incident. On September 28, 2012, an explosion occurred at Malmö Jewish community building, again as what seems to be an antisemitic act. Fredrik Sieradzki, spokesman for the Malmö Jewish community, estimated that the already small Jewish population is shrinking by 5% a year. "Malmö is a place to move away from," he said, citing anti-Semitism as the primary reason.

3633:. Jews who were residents of the country prior to the promulgation of this ordinance were called upon to present their certificates of character to the proper authorities, together with a statement setting forth in which city they desired to settle and make their living. The ordinance enumerated the different trades the Jews were permitted to follow, and it stipulated also that they should apprentice their sons to Swedish tradesmen in one of the three cities. In order to prevent the overcrowding of the mercantile field, it was prescribed that no foreign-born Jew should be allowed to start in business unless he possessed at least 2,000 4306:

would wish for the Jewish community to denounce Israeli violations against the civilian population in Gaza. Instead it decides to hold a demonstration in the Grand Square , which could send the wrong signals." Jewish leaders responded that the demonstration Reepalu was referring to was a "pro-peace rally" arranged by the Jewish Community in Malmö "which came under attack from members of a violent counter demonstration" and accused Reepalu of "suggesting that the violence directed towards us is our own fault simply because we didn't speak out against Israel."

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atrocities in Gaza. Those who have stood for the blame, in the main driven by zeal for sanitation of antisemitism, at times self-righteousness have been scent, are likely to agree. For it must be possible to express this criticism without being automatically accused of Jew-hating, something that often occurs. To make a hard criticism against the war effort, against the government-conducted murders, against the wall, against the settlements --- these criticism are very much justifiable --- and legitimate and morally and politically respectable."

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eight days of his arrival, to the local authorities, and to produce his passport and a certificate of character, as well as a statement of his purpose in coming to the country. These certificates were issued by the elders of the congregation to which the immigrant belonged in his native country and had to be verified by the municipal authorities of the place in which the immigrant had last resided. If the certificates were unsatisfactory, the authorities were at liberty to expel the holder, but in case he was admitted he was directed to

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between Jews and Christians, which were declared to be legal provided they were conducted by due ceremonies. A later ordinance (October 31, 1873) stipulated that the issue of marriages between members of the Swedish state church and Jews should be brought up in the Lutheran faith. If, however, a pact concerning the religion of their future children had been made in writing by the parents before their marriage, and submitted to the clergyman or other authority that performed the marriage ceremony, such agreement should remain valid.

4319:. In an interview in January 2010, Fredrik Sieradzki of the Jewish Community of Malmö stated that "Threats against Jews have increased steadily in Malmö in recent years and many young Jewish families are choosing to leave the city. Many feel that the community and local politicians have shown a lack of understanding for how the city's Jewish residents have been marginalized." He also added that "right now many Jews in Malmö are really concerned about the situation here and don't believe they have a future here." 161: 4164:"showing through his actions and determination that one person can make a difference." On November 8, 2012, the Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism gave Derakhti its first Elsa Award, established by Committee member Henrik Frenkel in memory of his parents to encourage young people to incorporate social media into the battle against Swedish antisemitism. Derakhti believes that it is important to set limits and encourage immigrants to embrace the values of their new Swedish homeland. 3836:

Jews in the Riksdag endeavoured to prove that the Jews had greatly abused the rights and privileges granted them in 1782, and that they had done so at the expense and to the detriment of the native Lutheran merchants and tradesmen. The efforts to create anti-Jewish sentiment in the Riksdag were, however, unavailing, and at a later session of that body (1853), when public opinion had turned more in favour of the Jews, they were accorded additional privileges. In 1852,

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ambitious Jews of Stockholm, many of whom were prosperous financiers; the population witnessed a different, small, and disadvantaged community of Jews prosper to a greater extent than the general population. Anger grew at the gap in wealth between Jews and others; such anger reached a height in 1838. After a new ordinance was promulgated which abolished nearly all restrictions upon Jews' civic rights (in this ordinance the Jews were, for the first time, designated

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1942. Jewish refugees may have been discriminated against by the immigration authorities compared to other refugees. At the end of the war and in the post-Holocaust debate Swedish politicians and officials defended their previous restrictive policy toward Jewish immigration by referring to the Jewish minority in the country, claiming that the Stockholm Jewish Community or "certain Jewish circles" had been even more restrictive than the Swedish state.

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schools as part of their Holocaust studies program, but that now, many schools no longer ask Holocaust survivors to tell their stories, because Muslim students treat them with such disrespect, either ignoring the speakers or walking out of the class. She further stated that "Malmö reminds me of the anti-Semitism I felt as a child in Poland before the war. ... I am not safe as a Jew in Sweden anymore."

3404: 3390: 3362: 3418: 35: 3733: 4454: 3648:, etc., among themselves only. Furthermore, the Jewish retail dealer was not permitted to offer his goods for sale in markets outside the city in which he was located (permission was only given to reside in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Karlskrona, and Norrköping) and he was compelled to conduct his business in open shops and was forbidden to peddle from house to house or in the streets. 4468: 3432: 2987: 2629: 3656:

military service. In order to protect the interests of descendants of immigrant Jews the state ordered that, on the death of a Jew, the elders of the congregation should make an inventory of his estate and submit an account thereof, either to the orphans court or to the municipal authorities. The Jews, however, had the right to appoint guardians of minors; and a

4194: 5378: 4352:, described Reepalu's comments as "unfortunate." Reepalu's statements have been sharply criticized by Sieradzk, who argued that "More often it's the far-left that commonly use Jews as a punching bag for their disdain toward the policies of Israel, even if Jews in Malmö have nothing to do with Israeli politics." 4267:

through his e-mail. The letter read: "...But soon will come the time when the Gothenburg synagogue will be destroyed to the ground with you inside, and then you too, you pig, will be killed in the eternal fire". This is the sixth threatening e-mail the rabbi got that year, all from the same anonymous writer.

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and well known for his pro-Israeli stance for decades, has sharply criticised politicians who he says offer "weak excuses" for Muslims accused of antisemitic crimes. "Politicians say these kids are poor and oppressed, and we have made them hate. They are, in effect, saying that the behaviour of these

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have attended anti-Israel rallies where the Israeli flag was burned while the flags of Hamas and Hezbollah were waved, and the rhetoric was often antisemitic—not just anti-Israel. Charles Small, former director of the Yale University Initiative for the Study of Anti-Semitism, stated that "Sweden is a

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had jurisdiction in inheritance cases. In litigations between Jews and Christians where the facts could not be established except under oath, the Jew might be ordered to take the customary Jewish oath in the synagogue in the presence of the judge. A Jew convicted of perjury became liable to expulsion

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In July 2014 there were two antisemitic attacks in Malmö: a Jewish man was beaten with iron pipes for hanging the Israeli flag from his window, and some windows in the synagogue of Malmo were broken by stones. Towards the end of 2014 the Rabbi of the Jewish community in Gothenburg got deaths threats

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According to the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, in 2012, 66 anti-Jewish hate crimes were reported in Malmö, compared with just 31 in Stockholm. In 2013, 35 such hate crimes were reported in Malmö. These figures show an increase in anti-Semitic incidents over recent years with a total

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There were, of course, various privileges which the Jews, like any other non-Lutherans, could still not obtain as long as the then current constitution of the Swedish kingdom remained in force. Thus, they could not become members of the cabinet; nor could they, as judges or as members of committees,

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After 1782 Jews gradually secured from the government reductions in restrictions, but many Jews, particularly those living in Stockholm, desired even greater opportunity and desired to not be disadvantaged due to their religion. A feeling of indignation arose among the general population against the

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in Sweden. Like in all of Europe, the usage of Yiddish has declined in the Jewish community. As of 2009, the Jewish population in Sweden was estimated at around 20,000. Out of these, 2,000-6,000 claim to have at least some knowledge of Yiddish according to various reports and surveys. The number of

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made, portraying Reepalu as more interested in talking about Israel's aggressive politics then the problems at hand was unfair, he continued. "Anyone who listens to the questions and answers get a more nuanced picture. More than anything, Reepalu talks about fighting racism wherever it appears and

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in October 2010, Judith Popinski, an 86-year-old Holocaust survivor, stated that she is no longer invited to schools that have a large Muslim presence to tell her story of surviving the Holocaust. Popinski, who found refuge in Malmö in 1945, stated that, until recently, she told her story in Malmö

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of the Jews were removed. Under the law of October 26, 1860, they were granted the right to acquire real estate in rural communities, whereas they had previously been permitted to own property in the cities only. On January 20, 1863, another ordinance removed the prohibition against intermarriages

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petitioned the government to re-establish the ordinance of 1782 in its original form. The friends of the Jews tried to show that the petitioners were actuated by religious intolerance, but their adversaries openly declared the question to be one not of religion, but of race. Those whom opposed the

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and other clerical officials. Intermarriages between Jews and Christians were forbidden. For every Jewish marriage celebrated a fee of six riksdaler was to be paid to the orphanage of the royal guards, this stipulation being intended as a compensation to the army for the exemption of the Jews from

3571:) with his army and incurred substantial debts with Jewish and Muslim merchants, who supplied the army with equipment and provisions. On his return, several Muslim and Jewish creditors arrived in Sweden and Swedish law was altered to allow them to hold religious services and circumcise their sons. 4394:

on January 30 where Reepalu called it "totally unacceptable" to make Malmö's Jews responsible for what happens in Israel, Andreasson observed. "When this did not happen, Reepalu should put an end to it now by swallowing the condemnations. Then he is entitled to his own condemnation of the Israeli

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On the other hand, German companies were allowed to fire Jewish employees in Sweden. Also, Swedish immigration policy during the 1930s was restrictive against admitting Jewish refugees trying to escape the Nazi terror and mass murder into Sweden, before the deportations of Norwegian Jews began in

3620:

The government was desirous of attracting wealthy Jews to the country, but it was equally careful to keep out itinerant door-to-door sellers of trinkets, some of whom had in previous years entered Sweden from Germany. Any foreign Jew who landed in Sweden was accordingly required to report, within

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reported that Reepalu has "denied that there had been any attacks on Jews in the city despite police figures showing that violent incidents against Jews have doubled over the last year." In January, when asked to explain why Jewish religious services often require security guards and even police

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Reepalu drew criticism in January 2010 for his statements that "We accept neither Zionism nor anti-Semitism. They are extremes that put themselves above other groups, and believe they have a lower value." He also criticized the Malmo's Jewish community for its support for Israel, stating that "I

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The ordinance of 1782 contained a separate clause referring to "particularly wealthy Jews, or such as are proficient in some trade almost, or quite, unknown in the country". Such persons could, through the Department of Commerce, petition the king for privileges and concessions other than those

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In 2010, the international media reported on increasing levels of antisemitic hate-crime in Malmö, the country's third-largest city, in southern Sweden. The reports cited desecrations, the burning of a chapel and worshippers being taunted with 'Hitler' chants. In 2009 the Malmö police received

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published a study conducted between 2003 and 2009 on secondary school students in Sweden. Its goal was to examine changes in antisemitic attitudes among young people. The results showed no significant change in the total level of antisemitism between the two groups of youths (the 2003 and 2009

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Award, an honor named after the Swedish diplomat who saved thousands of Jews from Nazi death camps during WWII. The selection committee said Derakhti set a "positive example" in his hometown of Malmö and throughout Sweden. "He is a role model for others," the Wallenberg Award committee wrote,

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After the death of Charles XII in 1718, the Swedish government was financially strained and the royal household was often relieved from pecuniary difficulties by the Jewish merchants of Stockholm who insisted, in exchange, for the granting of additional civil rights to themselves and their

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had refused to endorse it. On 3 December 1685, Charles XI ordered the governor-general of the capital to see to it that no Jews were permitted to settle in Stockholm, or in any other part of the country, "on account of the danger of the eventual influence of the Jewish religion on the pure

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coreligionists. As a consequence the concession of 1718 was renewed and supplemented by royal edicts of 1727, 1746, and 1748, but permission was restricted to settlement in smaller cities and rural communities. One of the most prominent Jews in Sweden at this time was the convert

4385:. Andreasson stated that he "had no reason to believe that Reepalu is a Jew-hater – ignorant, perhaps, unaware of the historical chains of thought-figures that lead to antisemitism, possibly – but mostly naive and honest—and stressed." The characterization the reporter at 4363:

published on its website the full tapes of its interview with Ilmar Reepalu, as well as all the texts published in its article series on threats and harassment faced by Malmö Jews, and the exchange of emails between the newspaper and the mayor's office.

4069:(an Orthodox synagogue), and in Norrköping (a Conservative synagogue, although the Norrköping community is too small to perform regular services). The Stockholm community also boasts a primary school, kindergarten, library, a bi-monthly publication ( 4359:, the newspaper that initially reported many Reepalu's controversial statements, had misrepresented him as antisemitic; the newspaper was subsequently banned from a press conference at City Hall, reportedly at Reepalu's request. In response, 3948:

in Budapest by providing them with "protective passports". He also rented thirty-two buildings, funded by the United States, and declared them Swedish diplomatic facilities, thus bringing them under protection of diplomatic immunity.

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placed Sweden as one of the least antisemitic countries in the world, with only 4% of the population harboring antisemitic attitudes. The 2019 edition of the same study ranked Sweden as the least antisemitic country in the world.

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that left a filmmaker and a Jewish security guard dead in Copenhagen, Swedish public broadcaster Sveriges Radio asked the Israeli ambassador whether Jews were responsible for antisemitism. They later apologised for the question.

4341:. Reepalu again denied that there has been any violence directed at Jews in Malmo, stating that "There haven't been any attacks on Jewish people, and if Jews from the city want to move to Israel that is not a matter for Malmö." 3522:

and accumulated a large number of debts there for his entourage. Jewish and Muslim creditors followed him to Sweden, and the Swedish law was altered so that they could hold religious services and circumcise their male children.

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criteria. Of those about 7,000 are members of a congregation. As of 2023, the World Jewish Congress estimated that there are 15,000 Jews in Sweden. There are five Jewish congregations in Sweden: Stockholm (about 4500 members),

4431:('Society for Yiddish and Yiddish Culture in Sweden'), has over 200 members, many of whom are native Yiddish speakers, and arranges regular activities for the speech community and in external advocacy of the Yiddish language. 3968:

some 15,000 inmates were evacuated in the last months of the war – half of them Scandinavians, including 423 Danish Jews. In addition to the White Buses a train with some 2,000 female inmates, 960 of them Jewish, arrived in

3608:, had established there a factory for the manufacture of sails and naval uniforms. They were not permitted to trade in markets elsewhere or to own property. Jews were ineligible for government positions and election to 4910: 4763:

The Tablet Magazine: "Sweden's ‘Damn Jew’ Problem - Wearing a yarmulke is no longer safe in the city of Malmö. The mayor blames the Jews, while other Swedish politicians point to ‘social inequality’" By Paulina

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groups). However, findings showed that in both 2003 and 2009, students born outside of Sweden or whose parents were born outside Sweden display higher levels of antisemitism compared to students born in Sweden.

4416:

native speakers among these has been estimated by linguist Mikael Parkvall to be 750–1,500. It is believed that virtually all native speakers of Yiddish in Sweden today are adults, and most of them elderly.

3820:, and numerous complaints were presented to the government, denouncing the alleged 'undue preference' shown Jews. On September 21 of the same year the government was compelled to revoke the new ordinance. 3556:) usually had one or more wealthy Jews with him in the field as the paymaster(s) of his army abroad. In 1718, Jews obtained permission to settle in the kingdom without the need to abjure their religion. 4171:

reported that between October 7th, 2023, and the end of December, 2023, there were 110 reported antisemitic incidents, over four times as many as the previous year. About 20% contained reference to the

4122:, the southernmost Swedish county, published a report referring to antisemitism. According to it, there were 137 antisemitic hate crimes in 2013–2014, with half of hate crimes in Skåne's biggest city, 4102:

microcosm of contemporary anti-Semitism. It's a form of acquiescence to radical Islam, which is diametrically opposed to everything Sweden stands for." Per Gudmundson, chief editorial writer for

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There is no ethnic registration in Sweden, so the Jewish population can only be roughly estimated. The Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities' estimation is that about 20,000 pass the

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reported on the current state of Jews and the level of antisemitism in Sweden. Henrik Bachner, a writer and professor of history at the University of Lund, stated that members of the Swedish

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in cash or negotiable securities; a native-born Jew need have only 1,000 riksdaler. Rabbis were exempt, and according to previous ordinances, poor Jews were to be deported from the country.

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also reported that Jewish cemeteries and synagogues have repeatedly been defaced with antisemitic graffiti, and a chapel at another Jewish burial site in Malmö was firebombed in 2009.

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Bevelander, Pieter; Hjerm, Mikael (20 July 2015). "The religious affiliation and antisemitism of secondary school-age Swedish youths: an analysis of survey data from 2003 and 2009".

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take part in discussions concerning religious questions. Otherwise they enjoyed the same rights and were subject to the same duties as the Swedish citizens of the Lutheran faith.

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According to the statistics of 1890 there were in the entire kingdom of Sweden 3,402 Jews. Since then, however, their number has been considerably augmented, and in 1905 the

3712:(Merchants' Square), Stockholm, in the Sjöberg house. After a few years this place was found to be too small, and the Jews in the capital selected the old auction chamber at 4947: 4390:

whomever it is directed at. He emphasizes, more than one time, that international politics should not be drawn into local politics." It could have ended with the op-ed for

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Reepalu later conceded that he has not been sufficiently informed about the vulnerable situation faced by Jews after meeting with community leaders. Reepalu then said that

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Church, a requirement for permission to settle in Sweden. In 1681, for example, 28 members of the families of Israel Mandel and Moses Jacob were baptised in the Stockholm

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As to the retail business, the Jews were prohibited from selling victuals, liquor, and drugs, and they were permitted to retail their special articles of food, wine,

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in February 2010, Reepalu was asked about reports that antisemitism in Malmo has increased to the point that some of its Jewish residents are (or are considering)

5564: 52: 5494: 5197: 1882: 3831:. This controversy between sympathizers and antagonists of the Jews continued until 1840, when some members of the Estates of Peasants and Burghers inside the 5842: 4041:(formally independent but administered as part of the Stockholm congregation due to its small size). Smaller organized Jewish communities are also found in 4000:

had moved after surviving a concentration camp. In the following decades, more waves of Jewish refugees came from Hungary in 1956 and 1968 who had fled the

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persecution. Because Sweden was neutral during World War Two, it helped facilitate the rescue of relatively many Jews from Norway and Denmark: in 1942, 900

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in Norrköping was granted such privileges and built that city's first synagogue, which opened in 1796. The Jews of Stockholm invited Levi Hirsch from

1806: 5539: 5429: 1829: 4923: 5711: 1179: 3789: 4894: 5939: 5799: 5751: 5626: 5621: 3893:, and by 1920, the Jewish population of Sweden had grown to 6,500. After World War I, Jewish immigration was regulated, though small groups of 2941: 2586: 1756: 1691: 1573: 5901: 5895: 3463: 2744: 877: 3535:

petitioned the king that they be permitted to reside there without abandoning their creed, but the application was denied because the local

2761: 99: 5756: 5586: 1315: 6037: 5209: 71: 5761: 5422: 5085: 4780: 4635:, Scandinavian Journal of History, Volume 36, Issue 5, Special Issue: The Histories and Memories of the Holocaust in Scandinavia (2011). 4271: 3504: 2724: 1583: 1400: 1390: 630: 3988:

moved to Sweden. Following the war, the Jewish population of Stockholm alone was 7,000 including children. For example, the cartoonist

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Kvist Geverts, Karin, Ett främmande element i nationen. Svensk flyktingpolitik och de judiska flyktingarna 1938-1944, Uppsala 2008.

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One of the last prohibitions against Jews in Sweden – that Jews could not hold political office – was not removed until 1951.

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reported that there were synagogues in all of the larger Swedish cities in which Jews had settled in any considerable number.

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evangelical faith." In case Jews were found in any Swedish community, they were to be notified to leave within fourteen days.

2824: 5706: 5696: 5646: 5606: 5559: 5554: 5544: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5504: 5489: 5484: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 4004:. More refugees came then from Poland between 1968 and 1970. Between 1945 and 1970, the Jewish population of Sweden doubled. 3945: 3930: 3902: 3894: 1955: 1941: 1909: 1889: 1857: 1801: 1776: 1751: 1731: 1721: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1676: 1666: 1661: 1638: 1553: 1538: 1458: 1417: 1370: 1365: 1285: 1230: 56: 4282:

stated that "intimidating the Jewish community and blaming them for the events in the Middle East is blatant antisemitism.”

5804: 5746: 5691: 5661: 5651: 5636: 5631: 5611: 5581: 5549: 5534: 5509: 5445: 3922: 2376: 1914: 1899: 1862: 1824: 1786: 1781: 1766: 1761: 1741: 1726: 1711: 1686: 1652: 1623: 1523: 1508: 1432: 1422: 1340: 1310: 1235: 1221: 67: 857: 6027: 5885: 5721: 5676: 5601: 5571: 4412: 3685: 3123: 1984: 1904: 1867: 1791: 1736: 1603: 1578: 1503: 1478: 1468: 1407: 1330: 1325: 1305: 1295: 1275: 1260: 1153: 621: 616: 4633:

Rudberg, Pontus, "‘A Record of Infamy’: the use and abuse of the image of the Swedish Jewish response to the Holocaust"

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synagogue), Gothenburg (an Orthodox and a Conservative synagogue), Malmö (an Orthodox and an egalitarian synagogue),

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protection, Reepalu said that the violence directed toward Malmö's Jewish community is from right-wing extremists.

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Levine, Paul A., From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust; 1938-1944, Uppsala 1996.

4411:, the predominant language among Eastern European Jews. Yiddish is an officially recognized, non-territorial 5906: 5890: 5396: 3166: 2406: 2396: 2361: 2240: 2230: 2013: 1184: 1126: 960: 639: 596: 311: 4801: 4107:

kids is in some way our fault." Much of the antisemitism in the country has been attributed to the growing

92: 5866: 5404: 4497: 4487: 4209: 3681: 3259: 3254: 3103: 2966: 2694: 2525: 2260: 2174: 1240: 792: 411: 381: 5307:"European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages", Second Periodical Report to the General Secretary 3732: 787: 5917: 4532: 4492: 3844: 3511: 3345: 3148: 2416: 2411: 2356: 2144: 1059: 774: 669: 386: 4290:

Swedish newspapers and political leaders as well as Israeli media have criticised Malmö's then mayor,

6032: 6017: 5391: 4180:. One of these incidents including the burning of an Israeli flag outside of Malmo's only synagogue. 4062: 3832: 3781: 3500: 3449: 3380: 3181: 3133: 3034: 2909: 2487: 2439: 2179: 2037: 850: 715: 704: 662: 5975: 5034: 4632: 4593: 4507: 3926: 3872: 3722: 3717: 3605: 3487:

can be traced from the 17th century, when their presence is verified in the baptism records of the

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Poland, South Africa, Ukraine and Hungary Top List of Most anti-Semitic Countries, Says ADL Survey

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The Jews were allowed to establish synagogues in the above-mentioned three cities, and to keep

6044: 5954: 5347: 4697: 4372: 4098: 4071: 3997: 3957: 3634: 3299: 3176: 3153: 3143: 2639: 2619: 2535: 2477: 2457: 2274: 1834: 1473: 933: 804: 734: 611: 524: 391: 4298:), for repeatedly "explaining" anti-Jewish incidents as reactions to Israel's policy towards 3688:, which Isaac started. He later became a supplier to the Swedish army, especially during the 5874: 5149: 4854: 4527: 4522: 4408: 4316: 4173: 4160: 4144: 4058: 3977: 3965: 3941: 3878:

An act that granted Jews equality before the law was passed in the Swedish Riksdag in 1910.

3657: 3589: 3330: 3188: 3171: 2914: 2837: 2505: 2386: 2346: 2310: 2008: 1558: 1069: 825: 729: 644: 534: 326: 222: 218: 5325:. RAPPLING 1. Rapporter från Institutionen för lingvistik vid Stockholms universitet. 2009 3964:, aimed to rescue Scandinavian concentration camp inmates. After negotiations led by Count 3548:

Through court patronage Jewish merchants were occasionally appointed royal purveyors. King

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Michael Busch: Juden in Schweden 1685 bis 1838, Hannover 2020, p. 26-28 ISBN 9783865257437

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During the following years the book-market was deluged by brochures for and against the

289: 5387: 5165: 4459: 4404: 4155:. In recognition of his activism to reduce prejudice and xenophobia, the government of 4054: 3989: 3817: 3576: 3568: 3408: 3394: 3366: 3235: 3215: 2961: 2684: 2674: 2567: 2366: 2235: 2221: 2101: 2080: 2057: 2052: 2030: 2018: 1613: 1094: 1028: 993: 971: 908: 746: 724: 586: 565: 541: 307: 251: 4243: 6064: 5382: 4866: 4473: 4291: 4038: 3630: 3597: 3436: 3422: 2991: 2704: 2515: 2510: 1716: 1643: 1169: 1018: 1013: 1008: 998: 976: 928: 690: 529: 434: 396: 347: 206: 5180:

Swedish mayor calls both Anti-Semitism and Zionism forms of 'unacceptable extremism'

5179: 4924:"Sweden reports sharp rise in antisemitic hate crimes since Hamas attack on Israel" 4084: 3973:, Denmark, on May 2, and then further transported to Copenhagen and Malmö, Sweden. 3837: 3813: 3753: 3697: 3677: 3325: 3288: 3210: 2709: 2689: 2659: 2545: 2371: 2212: 2207: 2165: 2118: 1212: 1079: 1064: 1023: 988: 601: 443: 4858: 3050: 4880:

Siavosh Derakhti, a young Muslim, defends Jews and others targeted by hate crimes

4753:

by Donald Snyder, The Forward, Published July 07, 2010, issue of July 16, 2010.).

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There are attempts to revive Yiddish in some congregations. The organization

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to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by

3993: 3673: 3622: 3592:– by which Jews were restricted to reside in one of three towns: Stockholm, 3532: 3269: 2628: 2351: 2336: 1426: 1374: 1136: 1084: 1074: 755: 751: 741: 656: 416: 190: 166: 4750: 4721: 4658: 3669: 1104: 5409: 5357:

Judarna på svensk mark: historien om israeliternas invandring till Sverige

5086:"Protesters chant 'bomb Israel' and burn flag outside synagogue in Sweden" 3708:, to officiate as their rabbi. The first Swedish synagogue was located at 5278: 5265: 5243: 5133: 5112: 4961: 4123: 4050: 4030: 4021: 3933:

community, some 8,000 people, was transported to Sweden in October 1943 (

3492: 3198: 2520: 2130: 2062: 893: 401: 352: 198: 5381: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 4645: 3612:. They were forbidden from converting Lutherans to the Jewish religion. 3579:, who became one of the most popular singers on the stage in Stockholm. 5183: 4777:"Anti-Semitism mars Sweden's most multicultural city | GlobalPost" 4042: 3981: 3970: 3929:

in their home country, and, most importantly of all, almost the entire

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Rising anti-Semitism challenges Sweden's proud and tolerant self-image

4381:. The editorial was written by Kennet Andreasson, who is an editor of 3917:'s power (1933 to 1939), some 3,000 Jews migrated to Sweden to escape 3720:

was inaugurated at Wahrendorfsgatan (Wahrendorf street). In 1905, the

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social activist born of Iranian immigrants, founded an organization,

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Jews leave Swedish city after sharp rise in anti-Semitic hate crimes

3859:

placed the Jewish population at a "conservative estimate" of 4,000.

4368: 4242: 3866: 3652: 1119: 548: 452: 421: 4371:, "The Hunt for Reepalu", that was published in the independent 4046: 3918: 3479: 271: 5824: 5418: 5355: 4315:

published series of articles about the growing antisemitism in

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In the years after World War II, many Jewish refugees from the

3716:(German Well), where they worshiped until 1870, when the large 3676:

and started work as an engraver of seals, and later moved into

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During the last few weeks of the war and after liberation the

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During the latter half of the 19th century the few remaining

4278:, Malmo's only synagogue, while chanting "bomb Israel." The 4126:, directed against individual Jews. In February, following 4176:, blaming individual Swedish Jews for Israel's actions in 5281:, The Local (Sweden's News in English), October 14, 2010. 3588:) – due particularly to efforts of the prominent Liberal 5198:

Swedish Mayor Ilmar Reepalu Denounces Zionism As Racism

3840:(1803–1889) became the first female dentist in Sweden. 3514:(1697–1718) spent five years with an encampment in the 4552:

Article by Gustav Linder, Astor Library, New York City

4057:. Synagogues can be found in Stockholm (which has two 5200:

by Kristoffer Larsson, Al-Jazeerah, January 31, 2010.

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For Jews, Swedish City Is a ‘Place To Move Away From’

5219:, by David Landes, Jewish Tribune, February 3, 2010. 5113:

Malmö mayor says unaware of level of attacks on Jews

4648:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. 4428:

Sällskapet för Jiddisch och Jiddischkultur i Sverige

2135: 2116: 539: 6000: 5963: 5865: 5858: 5770: 5732: 5452: 5009:"Man beaten with iron pipe for flying Israeli flag" 244: 232: 212: 184: 174: 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5258:"Malmö mayor blasted for 'Israeli lobby' comment" 4274:protestors burned an Israeli flag outside of the 4153:Young People Against Anti-Semitism and Xenophobia 3881:Between 1850 and 1920, there was a large wave of 3491:. Several Jewish families were baptised into the 4882:The Christian Science Monitor, 15 November 2013 5108: 5106: 5060:"Swedish Rabbi threatened by known antisemite" 4987:"Explosion at Malmo Jewish community building" 4670:Herman Friedlander: En svensk judisk historia, 3905:Jewish origin were allowed to come to Sweden. 18:Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities 5836: 5430: 4426: 4420: 3825: 3807: 3457: 3011: 2587: 138: 8: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5129: 5127: 5125: 4960:Simpson, Peter Vinthagen (12 January 2009). 4802:"Spotlight on hate crimes in Sweden's Skåne" 146: 134: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4367:The Reepalu controversy was addressed by a 831:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 5862: 5843: 5829: 5821: 5437: 5423: 5415: 4828:"Swedish Radio rapped for 'Jews' question" 3818:serious uprising took place in the capital 3507:, and several other high state officials. 3464: 3450: 3029: 3018: 3004: 2605: 2594: 2580: 2444: 2085: 1158: 965: 570: 439: 258: 169:contained one of Sweden's first synagogues 159: 133: 5279:US Jewish centre seeks ban on Malmö mayor 5134:Sahlin raps Malmö mayor over Jew comments 4441:Category:Swedish people of Jewish descent 4425:(Yiddish Union of Sweden), earlier named 4210:Antisemitism in Sweden#Situation in Malmö 4115:of 44 reports in 2010 and 2011 combined. 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 5236:"Jews flee Malmö as anti-Semitism grows" 4962:"Jewish burial chapel attacked in Malmö" 4901:The Baltimore Jewish Times, 14 July 2013 4016:Contemporary Jewish population of Sweden 4545: 4407:immigration to Sweden also brought the 4309:In early 2010, the Swedish publication 3728: 3041: 2924: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2805: 2798: 2787: 2780: 2773: 2617: 2495: 2447: 2273: 2220: 2187: 2164: 2088: 1954: 1842: 1816: 1651: 1445: 1220: 1192: 1051: 885: 814: 714: 629: 573: 493: 470: 442: 270: 5323:Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var? 4687:(in Swedish), visited 21 February 2010 5902:Evangelical Reformed Church in Sweden 5210:Jews flee Malmo as antisemitism grows 5162:Column One: Keeping Zionism's promise 4075:) and a weekly Jewish radio program. 7: 5262:The Local (Sweden's News in English) 3684:gave permission in 1779 to create a 185:Regions with significant populations 57:adding citations to reliable sources 4646:"The Jewish Community of Stockholm" 3505:Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp 5405:Sweden Virtual Jewish History Tour 5234:Landes, David (January 27, 2010). 5013:The Local Sweden's news in English 4950:Sunday Telegraph. 21 February 2010 4079:Reports of increasing antisemitism 3960:undertook a program, known as the 3696:granted in the general ordinance. 25: 5390:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 4913:The Washington Post, 4 March 2015 4892:Machzorim for Lund: A Ray of Hope 3600:. To these was added the town of 3582:In 1782 an ordinance was issued ( 622:Historical population comparisons 5400:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 5376: 4466: 4452: 4286:Controversy around Ilmar Reepalu 4192: 3788: 3773: 3761: 3746: 3731: 3559:Charles XII spent five years in 3430: 3416: 3402: 3388: 3374: 3360: 3049: 2985: 2627: 1266:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1180:Historical population by country 33: 5372:Jewish Heritage Europe - Sweden 5264:. March 4, 2010. Archived from 4736:, Haaretz, Nov 21, 2019 7:00 AM 4346:Swedish Social Democratic Party 4159:presented him in 2013 with the 4083:In 2014, a global ADL study of 4033:(about 500 members), Northwest 68:"History of the Jews in Sweden" 44:needs additional citations for 6038:Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed 5446:History of the Jews in Europe 5342:Carlsson, Carl Henrik (2021), 4118:In January 2015 the police in 3690:Russo-Swedish war of 1788–1790 1: 4859:10.1080/01419870.2015.1042893 3795:Jewish Cemetery in Karlskrona 837:Christianity and Judaism 6028:Community of Forn Sed Sweden 5297:, March 5, 2010 (in Swedish) 5150:Swedish mayor blasts Zionism 5115:by Peter Vinthagen Simpson, 5035:"Stones thrown at synagogue" 3913:During the pre-war years of 5896:Evangelical Lutheran Church 5344:Judarnas historia i Sverige 5152:Y Net news. 28 January 2010 4556:in Jewish Encyclopedia 1906 4513:Mosaic Parish in Karlskrona 4399:Status of Yiddish in Sweden 4258:In an article published in 4206:the scope of other articles 4109:Muslim immigrant population 3885:immigration to Sweden from 3567:(at the time a part of the 2136: 2117: 1844:Latin America and Caribbean 540: 6087: 5955:The Church of Almighty God 4438: 4091:In October 2010, however, 3616:Restricted to three cities 2670:Rise to become Great Power 2449:Jewish political movements 2146:Conversion to Judaism 4847:Ethnic and Racial Studies 4137:Ethnic and Racial Studies 3937:Rescue of the Danish Jews 3812:, i.e., adherents of the 852:Hinduism and Judaism 249: 237: 217: 189: 179: 158: 148: 147: 5930:Svenska Alliansmissionen 4578:Jewish Encyclopedia 1906 4422:Sveriges Jiddischförbund 4280:European Jewish Congress 4037:(about 100 members) and 3944:also saved thousands of 3768:Jewish Ordinance of 1782 3604:, as a Jewish merchant, 3499:in the presence of King 678:Temple in Jerusalem 371:Bar and bat mitzvah 5924:United Methodist Church 5880:Mission Covenant Church 5397:The Jewish Encyclopedia 4483:Israel–Sweden relations 4344:The then leader of the 3925:were given asylum from 3801:Reaction to 1838 decree 640:Twelve Tribes of Israel 6071:Jewish Swedish history 5495:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5293:by Kennet Andreasson, 4498:Antisemitism in Sweden 4488:Antisemitism in Europe 4427: 4421: 4251: 4029:(about 1000 members), 4011:Contemporary situation 3875: 3826: 3808: 3686:synagogue in Stockholm 3682:Riksdag of the Estates 2695:December Crisis (1768) 139: 5918:Evangeliska Frikyrkan 4702:World Jewish Congress 4659:Jewish History Europe 4533:Religious intolerance 4493:Antisemitism in Islam 4439:Further information: 4333:In an interview with 4246: 4224:splitting the content 4218:and help introduce a 3870: 3346:Scandinavian Airlines 3161:Chronological history 1386:São Tomé and Príncipe 1381:Republic of the Congo 775:Second Temple Judaism 646:Kingdom of Judah 617:Modern historiography 245:Related ethnic groups 165:Fort Fredriksborg in 6033:Nordic Asa-Community 5886:Pentecostal Movement 5354:Olán, Eskil (1924), 5246:on February 5, 2010. 5140:, February 25, 2010. 5119:, February 26, 2010. 4685:Judiska Centralrådet 4503:List of Swedish Jews 4392:Sydsvenska Dagbladet 4335:The Sunday Telegraph 4134:In 2015 the journal 4002:Communist government 3940:). Swedish diplomat 3782:Gothenburg Synagogue 3544:Permission to settle 3531:In 1680 the Jews of 3503:, the dowager queen 3501:Charles XI of Sweden 2942:World Heritage Sites 2488:World Agudath Israel 1629:United Arab Emirates 716:Second Temple period 706:Babylonian captivity 53:improve this article 5912:Evangelical Mission 5733:States with limited 5291:"Jakten på Reepalu" 5090:The Times of Israel 4928:The Times of Israel 4508:Marstrand Free Port 4226:into a new article. 4169:The Times of Israel 3996:, where his father 3873:Stockholm Synagogue 3857:Jewish Encyclopedia 3780:1860 lithograph of 3723:Jewish Encyclopedia 3718:Stockholm Synagogue 3489:Stockholm Cathedral 2720:Famine of 1867–1869 2715:Sweden–Norway union 781:Hellenistic Judaism 359:Land of Israel 318:Principles of faith 155: 5852:Religion in Sweden 5348:Natur & Kultur 5215:2010-04-14 at the 4897:2020-09-29 at the 4270:In November 2023, 4252: 4216:discuss this issue 4184:Situation in Malmö 3876: 3661:from the country. 3109:History by country 2700:Revolution of 1772 2680:Great Northern War 2342:Jewish Koine Greek 1884:Dominican Republic 1165:Judaism by country 844:Jews and Christmas 699:Assyrian captivity 6058: 6057: 5996: 5995: 5818: 5817: 5321:Mikael Parkvall, 5310:Council of Europe 4853:(15): 2705–2721. 4589:"Religionsfrihet" 4413:minority language 4387:Skånska Dagbladet 4373:social democratic 4361:Skånska Dagbladet 4357:Skånska Dagbladet 4241: 4240: 4104:Svenska Dagbladet 3998:Vladek Spiegelman 3958:Swedish Red Cross 3635:Swedish riksdaler 3474: 3473: 3028: 3027: 2992:Sweden portal 2730:Industrialization 2620:Culture of Sweden 2604: 2603: 2553: 2552: 2301: 2300: 2048:Reconstructionist 1992: 1991: 1144: 1143: 951: 950: 788:Jewish–Roman wars 736:Hasmonean dynasty 652:Kingdom of Israel 556: 555: 257: 256: 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 6078: 5940:Adventist Church 5875:Church of Sweden 5863: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5822: 5771:Dependencies and 5712:Northern Ireland 5453:Sovereign states 5439: 5432: 5425: 5416: 5410:Yiddish, Eastern 5401: 5380: 5379: 5361: 5350: 5329: 5319: 5313: 5304: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5242:. 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The Swedish 3617: 3614: 3577:Lovisa Augusti 3569:Ottoman Empire 3545: 3542: 3528: 3525: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3426: 3412: 3398: 3384: 3370: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3336:Monetary Union 3333: 3328: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3236:Nordic Council 3233: 3228: 3223: 3221:Denmark–Norway 3218: 3213: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3191: 3186: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3046: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3008: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2685:Age of Liberty 2682: 2677: 2675:Swedish Empire 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2483:Territorialism 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2452: 2451: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2367:Judaeo-Spanish 2364: 2362:Judaeo-Iranian 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2314: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2142: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1847: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1808:United Kingdom 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1241:Bilad-el-Sudan 1238: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1197: 1196: 1194:Land of Israel 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1054: 1053: 1052:Related groups 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 985: 984: 979: 964: 959: 958: 955: 954: 949: 948: 947: 946: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 909:Jewish atheism 906: 901: 896: 888: 887: 883: 882: 881: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860:Islamic–Jewish 855: 848: 833: 828: 820: 819: 812: 811: 810: 809: 785: 772: 744: 739: 732: 727: 725:Yehud Medinata 719: 718: 712: 711: 710: 709: 702: 695: 687: 674: 666: 654: 649: 642: 634: 633: 631:Ancient Israel 627: 626: 625: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 587:Land of Israel 584: 576: 575: 569: 564: 563: 560: 559: 554: 553: 552: 551: 546: 542:Shulchan Aruch 537: 532: 527: 522: 514: 513: 512: 511: 506: 498: 497: 491: 490: 489: 488: 483: 475: 474: 468: 467: 466: 465: 460: 455: 447: 446: 438: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 367: 362: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 320: 315: 308:God in Judaism 304: 299: 298: 295: 294: 293: 292: 287: 279: 278: 268: 267: 255: 254: 252:Ashkenazi Jews 247: 246: 242: 241: 235: 234: 230: 229: 215: 214: 210: 209: 187: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 172: 171: 164: 130: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6083: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5891:Baptist Union 5889: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785:Faroe Islands 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5757:South Ossetia 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5731: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5587:Liechtenstein 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5440: 5435: 5433: 5428: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5383:public domain 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5327: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5272: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5206: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5191: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5077: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5027: 5015:. 7 July 2014 5014: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4941: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4808:. 21 Jan 2015 4807: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4783:on 2013-08-05 4782: 4778: 4772: 4769: 4766:April 5, 2012 4765: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4715: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4682:"Antal judar" 4678: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4539: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4474:Sweden portal 4464: 4461: 4450: 4445: 4442: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4403:The waves of 4398: 4396: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4317:Malmö, Sweden 4314: 4313: 4307: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4292:Ilmar Reepalu 4285: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4245: 4235: 4225: 4221: 4220:summary style 4217: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4201:This section 4199: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4015: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3931:Danish Jewish 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3828: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3800: 3791: 3786: 3783: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3756:of Norrköping 3755: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3606:Fabian Philip 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3527:Early history 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497:German Church 3494: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3438: 3427: 3424: 3413: 3410: 3399: 3396: 3385: 3382: 3381:Faroe Islands 3371: 3368: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3341:Defence Union 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3226:Sweden–Norway 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3124:Faroe Islands 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2834:Christianity 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2725:Modernization 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2705:Gustavian era 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2407:Judeo-Aramaic 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2397:Judeo-Italian 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2377:Ghardaïa Sign 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2002:Denominations 1998: 1997: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830:United States 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1316:Guinea-Bissau 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1170:Lists of Jews 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 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469: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 449: 448: 445: 441: 436: 431: 430: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 368: 366: 363: 361: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 328: 324: 321: 319: 316: 313: 309: 306: 305: 302: 297: 296: 291: 290:Who is a Jew? 288: 286: 283: 282: 281: 280: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 260: 253: 248: 243: 240: 236: 231: 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 162: 157: 149:יהודים שוודים 141: 140:Svenska Judar 135:Swedish Jews 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 5982: 5867:Christianity 5762:Transnistria 5681: 5395: 5360:(in Swedish) 5356: 5343: 5322: 5317: 5312:30 June 2004 5309: 5302: 5294: 5286: 5274: 5266:the original 5261: 5252: 5244:the original 5239: 5205: 5193: 5182: 5175: 5164: 5157: 5145: 5137: 5116: 5093:. 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1095:Crypto-Jews 1060:Bnei Anusim 1039:Bene Israel 1004:Beta Israel 961:Communities 868:Middle Ages 607:Persecution 382:Bereavement 203:Helsingborg 6018:Irreligion 5950:LDS Church 5657:San Marino 5617:Montenegro 5597:Luxembourg 5577:Kazakhstan 5480:Azerbaijan 5069:27 January 4812:27 January 4787:2013-08-03 4601:2023-03-16 4540:References 4518:Neo-Nazism 4405:Ashkenazic 4204:duplicates 4039:Norrköping 4027:Gothenburg 3897:, Danish, 3883:Ashkenazic 3631:Norrköping 3627:Gothenburg 3610:Parliament 3602:Karlskrona 3598:Norrköping 3594:Gothenburg 3565:Bessarabia 3537:consistory 3265:Baltic Sea 3194:Viking Age 3177:Bronze Age 3167:Prehistory 2910:Television 2880:Literature 2762:Since 1991 2650:Prehistory 2526:Maximalism 2478:Secularism 2458:Autonomism 2275:Literature 2068:Humanistic 1672:Azerbaijan 1634:Uzbekistan 1609:Tajikistan 1529:Kyrgyzstan 1514:Kazakhstan 1361:Mozambique 1336:Madagascar 1256:Cape Verde 1208:New Yishuv 1203:Old Yishuv 1154:Population 1132:Subbotniks 1090:Samaritans 1029:Romanyotim 972:Ashkenazim 919:Old Yishuv 899:Sabbateans 886:Modern era 878:Golden Age 805:Bar Kokhba 525:Beit Yosef 392:Philosophy 207:Norrköping 195:Gothenburg 109:March 2023 79:newspapers 6050:Theosophy 5976:Ahmadiyya 5859:Abrahamic 5790:Gibraltar 5592:Lithuania 5240:The Local 5138:The Local 5117:The Local 4966:The Local 4867:145258782 4806:The Local 4327:The Local 4321:The Local 4312:The Local 4167:In 2024, 3994:Stockholm 3909:Holocaust 3674:Stockholm 3623:Stockholm 3533:Stockholm 3321:Languages 3270:North Sea 3260:Peninsula 3255:Mountains 3249:Geography 3172:Stone Age 3134:Greenland 3060:Countries 2935:Monuments 2860:Ahmadiyya 2807:Festivals 2789:Mythology 2782:Languages 2757:1967–1991 2752:1945–1967 2665:1523–1611 2536:Religious 2392:Zarphatic 2382:Bukharian 2352:Judeo-Tat 2337:Yeshivish 2311:Languages 2266:Sephardic 2256:Israelite 2246:Ethiopian 2236:Ashkenazi 2175:Religious 1965:Australia 1947:Venezuela 1853:Argentina 1835:Greenland 1747:Lithuania 1599:Sri Lanka 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2063:Haymanot 2009:Orthodox 1937:Suriname 1920:Paraguay 1873:Colombia 1772:Portugal 1682:Bulgaria 1619:Thailand 1569:Pakistan 1549:Mongolia 1544:Malaysia 1464:Cambodia 1438:Zimbabwe 1413:Tanzania 1291:Eswatini 1281:Ethiopia 1271:Djibouti 1251:Cameroon 1246:Botswana 1175:Diaspora 1137:Noahides 1110:Marranos 1034:Cochinim 1019:Bukharim 1009:Gruzinim 999:Teimanim 989:Mizrahim 977:Galician 943:conflict 904:Hasidism 894:Haskalah 799:Diaspora 670:timeline 582:Timeline 495:Rabbinic 402:Kabbalah 377:Marriage 353:Tzedakah 343:Holidays 301:Religion 264:a series 262:Part of 233:Religion 6045:Sikhism 5983:Judaism 5707:England 5697:Ukraine 5647:Romania 5607:Moldova 5565:Ireland 5560:Iceland 5555:Hungary 5545:Germany 5540:Georgia 5530:Finland 5525:Estonia 5520:Denmark 5505:Croatia 5490:Belgium 5485:Belarus 5475:Austria 5470:Armenia 5465:Andorra 5460:Albania 5385:: 5184:Haaretz 5095:11 June 5044:31 July 5019:30 July 4971:27 July 4933:11 June 4764:Neuding 4707:11 June 4214:Please 4149:Swedish 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924:Zionism 873:Khazars 768:Sicarii 764:Zealots 760:Essenes 747:Schisms 612:Leaders 574:General 566:History 509:Tosefta 504:Midrash 481:Mishnah 463:Ketuvim 458:Nevi'im 407:Customs 338:Shabbat 333:Halakha 325: ( 323:Mitzvot 310: ( 276:Judaism 239:Judaism 223:Yiddish 219:Swedish 151:‎ 93:scholar 6001:Others 5988:Bahá'í 5898:(ELKS) 5805:Jersey 5747:Kosovo 5692:Turkey 5682:Sweden 5662:Serbia 5652:Russia 5637:Poland 5632:Norway 5612:Monaco 5582:Latvia 5550:Greece 5535:France 5510:Cyprus 4989:. CFCA 4865: 4576:Sweden 4554:Sweden 4157:Sweden 4035:Scania 3986:Poland 3915:Hitler 3901:, and 3895:German 3891:Poland 3887:Russia 3670:Bützow 3653:rabbis 3646:matzot 3644:meat, 3642:kosher 3596:, and 3561:Bender 3520:Bender 3484:Sweden 3437:Sweden 3423:Norway 3300:Sweden 3216:Sweden 3154:Sweden 3144:Norway 3090:Sweden 3085:Norway 2915:Cinema 2825:Bahá'í 2775:People 2613:on the 2568:Portal 2427:Domari 2357:Shassi 2318:Hebrew 2213:Humour 2157:Hiloni 2152:Aliyah 2112:Niddah 2097:Minyan 2032:Reform 2019:Haredi 2014:Modern 1915:Mexico 1900:Guyana 1863:Brazil 1825:Canada 1797:Sweden 1787:Serbia 1782:Russia 1767:Poland 1762:Norway 1742:Latvia 1727:Greece 1712:France 1687:Cyprus 1653:Europe 1624:Turkey 1614:Taiwan 1524:Kuwait 1509:Jordan 1499:Israel 1433:Zambia 1423:Uganda 1341:Malawi 1311:Guinea 1301:Gambia 1236:Angola 1222:Africa 1105:Dönmeh 1100:Anusim 1044:Berber 982:Litvak 934:Israel 840: 777: 691:Second 659: 520:Targum 486:Gemara 472:Talmud 444:Tanakh 397:Ethics 348:Prayer 250:other 227:Hebrew 180:15,000 95: 88: 81: 74: 66: 5971:Islam 5964:Other 5920:(EFK) 5914:(EFS) 5882:(SMK) 5780:Åland 5722:Wales 5677:Spain 5602:Malta 5572:Italy 4863:S2CID 4124:Malmö 4120:Skåne 4051:Borås 4031:Malmö 3899:Czech 3816:), a 3629:, or 3510:King 3114:Åland 2926:Sport 2905:Radio 2897:Media 2887:Music 2855:Islam 2516:Labor 2511:Green 2208:Dance 2166:Music 1985:Palau 1905:Haiti 1868:Chile 1792:Spain 1737:Italy 1644:Yemen 1604:Syria 1579:Qatar 1559:Nepal 1504:Japan 1479:India 1469:China 1408:Sudan 1331:Libya 1326:Kenya 1306:Ghana 1296:Gabon 1276:Egypt 1261:Benin 1120:Xueta 1065:Lemba 684:First 549:Zohar 453:Torah 435:Texts 422:Rabbi 412:Rites 312:names 199:Malmö 100:JSTOR 86:books 5926:(MK) 5097:2024 5071:2015 5064:CFCA 5046:2014 5039:CFCA 5021:2014 4995:2012 4973:2012 4935:2024 4814:2015 4709:2024 4247:The 4178:Gaza 4053:and 4047:Lund 3984:and 3935:see 3919:Nazi 3889:and 3871:The 3480:Jews 3476:The 2962:Flag 2791:and 1975:Guam 1970:Fiji 1925:Peru 1878:Cuba 1564:Oman 1534:Laos 1494:Iraq 1489:Iran 1446:Asia 1375:Igbo 1346:Mali 365:Brit 274:and 272:Jews 72:news 4855:doi 4294:(a 3692:. 3672:to 3482:in 2873:Art 2189:Art 535:Tur 327:613 55:by 6067:: 5394:. 5260:. 5238:. 5224:^ 5136:, 5124:^ 5105:^ 5088:. 5062:. 5037:. 5011:. 4964:. 4926:. 4861:. 4851:38 4849:. 4830:. 4804:. 4741:^ 4700:. 4591:. 4348:, 4302:. 4147:, 4111:. 4049:, 4045:, 3980:, 3704:, 3625:, 3563:, 3037:on 802:, 796:, 766:, 762:, 758:, 754:, 266:on 225:, 221:, 205:, 201:, 197:, 193:, 5844:e 5837:t 5830:v 5438:e 5431:t 5424:v 5186:. 5168:. 5099:. 5073:. 5048:. 5023:. 4997:. 4975:. 4937:. 4869:. 4857:: 4816:. 4790:. 4711:. 4604:. 4234:) 4230:( 4212:. 3465:e 3458:t 3451:v 3019:e 3012:t 3005:v 2595:e 2588:t 2581:v 1429:) 1425:( 1377:) 1373:( 846:) 842:( 808:) 791:( 784:) 779:( 770:) 750:( 693:) 682:( 672:) 661:( 329:) 314:) 122:) 116:( 111:) 107:( 97:· 90:· 83:· 76:· 49:. 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

History of the Jews in Sweden

Index