168:
The settlement has drawn comparisons to the United States' and Canada's federalist arrangements. Unlike
Australia, the Canadian federal government has attempted to assert a 12-mile territorial sea, and only Newfoundland and Labrador has been able to assert a 3-mile sea. The equivalent arrangements
32:
which provides the basis for an agreed division of powers between the
Commonwealth and the States in relation to coastal waters and in relation to certain other matters including the regulation of shipping and navigation, offshore petroleum exploration, crimes at sea, and fisheries.
705:
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Until the settlement there had never been any national oceans policy. The OCS has been described as reflecting
Australia's "inherently federal public policy-making".
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joint authorities will be established to manage the regulation of petroleum arrangements in the interim period while there are already agreed projects - these were
181:
The settlement has been described as an "intergovernmental arrangement to sidestep an unpopular High Court decision" rather than a constitutional settlement.
99:
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defines "the contiguous zone" as not extending beyond "twelve miles from which the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured."
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The
Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Title) Act 1980 vests the Northern Territory the right and title to the property within 3 nautical miles.
29:
214:
720:
509:
Vince, Joanna; Smith, Anthony D.M.; Sainsbury, Keith. J.; Cresswell, Ian David; Smith, David C.; Haward, Marcus (2015-03-25).
370:"Offshore constitutional settlement: A milestone in co-operative federalism" (Document). Attorney-General's Department. 1980.
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The
Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980 vests the Northern Territory the title of within 3 nautical miles.
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to give each state the powers with respect to the adjacent of 3 miles territorial sea, including the seabed beneath the sea
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On 29 June 1979, the
Commonwealth and the states completed an agreement called the "Offshore constitutional settlement".
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The
Coastal Waters (State Title) Act 1980 vests the states the right and title to the property within 3 nautical miles.
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Under the Crimes at Sea Act 2000 (Cth), the criminal law of each state applies to all 12 miles of the territorial sea.
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243:"Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone" (Convention). United Nations. 1958-04-29. p. 8.
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The situation created by the settlement has been criticised as a "muddle" of state and
Northern Territory laws.
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The
Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980 vests the states the power to legislate within 3 nautical miles.
95:
71:
678:
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upheld the act and asserted that control over the coastal waters was in the hands of the
Commonwealth,.
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The six states took the federal Government to court over the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973. The
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170:
584:"Australia's territorial sea: International and federal implications of its extension to 12 miles"
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the area outside the 3 mile territorial sea will be governed by commonwealth legislation alone
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incorporates the Convention on Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone 1958 in domestic law.
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298:"JUD/135CLR337/JM:Stephen" "New South Wales and Others v Commonwealth"
269:"JUD/135CLR337/JM:Stephen" "New South Wales and Others v Commonwealth"
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The agreement outlines several different points of the agreement:
551:
Federalism and the Australian Offshore Constitutional Settlement
674:"Australia's Offshore Constitutional Law: Time for Revision?"
474:"Australia's Offshore Legal Jurisdiction: Current Situation"
623:; Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook (University of New Mexico)
327:"New South Wales and Others v. Commonwealth of Australia"
48:
Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone
66:
New South Wales and Others v. Commonwealth of Australia
42:
Convention on Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone 1958
582:
Opeskin, Brian R.; Rothwell, Donald R. (2009-11-16).
511:"Australia׳s Oceans Policy: Past, present and future"
635:"The Australian offshore constitutional settlement"
445:
Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980
132:
Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Powers) Act 1980
459:Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Title) Act 1980
140:Coastal Waters (Northern Territory Title) Act 1980
478:Australian and New Zealand Maritime Law Journal
8:
672:White, Michael; Gaskell, Nick (2015-06-02).
100:Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia
169:for the United States are governed by the
588:Ocean Development & International Law
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621:Description of the Submerged Lands Act
554:(PhD thesis). University of Tasmania.
417:Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980
116:Coastal Waters (State Powers) Act 1980
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431:Coastal Waters (State Title) Act 1980
124:Coastal Waters (State Title) Act 1980
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706:Original 1979 agreement, pages 11-21
382:"Offshore constitutional settlement"
215:"Offshore Constitutional Settlement"
701:Original 1979 agreement, pages 1-10
548:Geoffrey, Marcus (November 1992).
18:Offshore Constitutional Settlement
14:
255:Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973
60:Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973
54:Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973
398:from the original on 2022-05-27
308:from the original on 2024-09-17
279:from the original on 2024-09-17
225:from the original on 2023-03-27
107:Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act
98:will pass legislation based on
46:The United Nations treaty, the
24:) is an agreement between the
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686:(8): 504–520 – via SSN.
633:Haward, Marcus (1989-10-01).
472:White, Michael (2022-02-10).
389:Attorney-General's Department
219:Attorney-General's Department
651:10.1016/0308-597X(89)90018-3
527:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.02.014
343:10.1017/CBO9781316151785.015
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302:Australian Taxation Office
273:Australian Taxation Office
600:10.1080/00908329109545967
331:International Law Reports
221:. Australian Government.
83:Premiers Conference, 1979
26:Commonwealth of Australia
164:International comparison
721:Federalism in Australia
337:: 89–217. 2021-01-01 .
96:Commonwealth Parliament
72:High Court of Australia
679:Australian Law Journal
496:Crimes at Sea Act 2000
148:Further developmennts
560:10.25959/23233163.v1
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229:2024-09-17
201:References
156:Discussion
78:Settlement
659:0308-597X
608:0090-8320
535:0308-597X
351:0309-0671
177:Criticism
715:Category
393:Archived
391:. 1980.
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188:See also
28:and the
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37:History
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30:States
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