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pays more to harvest the crop, soon those commodity prices increase as well. Of course, it isn't all fossil fuels...The IRA has not and will not cut inflation overnight. But that fight is indeed a big part of the bill's legacy: Play the long game of tackling all three types of climate-related inflation — fossilflation, climateflation, and greenflation — at their very core, and indeed justify the law's name.
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67:
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preexisting respiratory disease and other ill health are more at risk. Global air pollution deaths due to fossil fuels have been estimated at over 8 million people (2018, nearly 1 in 5 deaths worldwide) at 10.2 million (2019), and 5.13 million excess deaths from ambient air pollution from fossil fuel use (2023).
3418:
Throughout the most recent U.S. spike in inflation in 2022, the energy category alone was responsible for around half of total inflation. And that's just counting the direct effects. Indirectly, a good portion of the food price increases ever since are also due to higher energy costs. If the farmer
1527:
and other transportation. Because of their wealth and the importance of energy, transport and chemical industries to local, national and international economies, these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence on governmental policy. In particular, the lobbies have
969:
While all energy sources inherently have adverse effects, the data show that fossil fuels cause the highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions and are the most dangerous for human health. In contrast, modern renewable energy sources appear to be safer for human health and cleaner. The death rates
965:
and other air pollution from fossil fuel combustion cause illness and death when inhaled. These health effects include premature death, acute respiratory illness, aggravated asthma, chronic bronchitis and decreased lung function. The poor, undernourished, very young and very old, and people with
838:
declared that "Humanity is waging war on nature. This is suicidal. Nature always strikes back – and it is already doing so with growing force and fury." He also claimed there is still cause for hope, anticipating the US plan to join other large emitters like China and the EU in
1086:
As the data shows, coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass cause higher death rates and higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions than hydropower, nuclear energy, wind, and solar power. Scientists propose that 1.8 million lives have been saved by replacing fossil fuel sources with nuclear power.
871:"Economists have pointed to energy prices as the main reason for high inflation," noting that "energy prices indirectly affect virtually every part of the economy". Sectors that raise prices significantly as a result of higher fossil fuel prices include transportation, food, and shipping.
342:
notes that in the phrase "fossil fuel" the adjective "fossil" means "btained by digging; found buried in the earth", which dates to at least 1652, before the
English noun "fossil" came to refer primarily to long-dead organisms in the early 18th century.
811:
also have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. Coal is sometimes transported by diesel-powered locomotives, while crude oil is typically transported by tanker ships, requiring the combustion of additional fossil fuels.
1543:
Lobbies are active in most fossil-fuel intensive economies with democratic governance, with reporting on the lobbies most prominent in Canada, Australia, the United States and Europe, however the lobbies are present in many parts of the world.
1302:
Divesters cite several reasons for their decisions. To some, it is a means of aligning investments with core values; to others, it is a tactic for combatting the fossil fuel industry; to others, it is a way to protect portfolios from
2463:– "fossil n. Something preserved in the ground, esp. in petrified form in rock, and recognizable as the remains of a living organism of a former geological period, or as preserving an impression or trace of such an organism."
4189:
920:
price swings that technologies like renewable energy are not. He also argues that technologies improve and get relatively cheaper over time. Coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic, some argued for the possibility of a
171:. The conversion from these materials to high-carbon fossil fuels typically requires a geological process of millions of years. Due to the length of time it takes nature to form them, fossil fuels are considered
706:
Global surface temperature reconstruction over the last 2000 years using proxy data from tree rings, corals, and ice cores in blue. Directly observational data is in red, with all data showing a 5 year moving
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of thorium and 5,000 tonnes of uranium were released worldwide from burning coal. It is estimated that during 1982, US coal burning released 155 times as much radioactivity into the atmosphere as the
1592:, formerly known as the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA), has significant influence in Canberra and helps to maintain favorable policy settings for Oil and Gas.
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says: "High fossil fuel prices hit the poor hardest, but subsidies are rarely well-targeted to protect vulnerable groups and tend to benefit better-off segments of the population."
791:
In addition to the effects that result from burning, the harvesting, processing, and distribution of fossil fuels also have environmental effects. Coal mining methods, particularly
6126:
679: – harmful environmental impacts where the effects extend beyond the people using the fuel. These effects vary between different fuels. All fossil fuels release CO
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648:
635:
are currently fed as a result of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use. According to head of a fertilizers commodity price agency, "50% of the world's food relies on fertilisers."
5562:
5383:
2428:– "fossil adj. Obtained by digging; found buried in the earth. Now chiefly of fuels and other materials occurring naturally in underground deposits; esp. in FOSSIL FUEL n."
4583:
117:. Reservoirs of such compound mixtures can be extracted and burned as a fuel for human consumption to provide heat for direct use (such as for cooking or heating), to power
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1989:
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phenomenon due to cheaper than normal prices, such as for oil, at the onset of the pandemic, followed by above-average prices which exacerbated the perceived inflation.
4545:
2853:
3301:"The Production Gap: The discrepancy between countries' planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C"
312:
are located only at certain places on Earth, only some countries are oil-independent; the other countries depend on the oil-production capacities of these countries.
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A variety of mitigating efforts have arisen to counter the negative effects of fossil fuels. This includes a movement to use alternative energy sources, such as
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584:, both made from fossil fuels. Other forms of transportation, railways and aircraft, also require fossil fuels. The other major use for fossil fuels is in
183:
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1389:
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2014:
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Data sources: Markandya & Wilkinson (2007); UNSCEAR (2008; 2018); Sovacool et al. (2016); IPCC AR5 (2014); Pehl et al. (2017); Ember Energy (2021).
1969:
198:, can remove only a small part of this CO2. Therefore, there is a net increase of many billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year. Although
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is found mixed with sand and clay, began to become more important as sources of fossil fuel in the early 2000s. Oil shale and similar materials are
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estimates that by 2030, the bill could reduce the typical
American household's spending on energy by more than $ 300 each year, in 2022 dollars.
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as an unneeded byproduct of petroleum production, is now considered a very valuable resource. Natural gas deposits are also the main source of
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In
December 2020, the United Nations released a report saying that despite the need to reduce greenhouse emissions, various governments are "
823:
uses a variety of approaches to limit these emissions; for example, rules against releasing waste products like fly ash into the atmosphere.
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Fossil fuels have been important to human development because they can be readily burned in the open atmosphere to produce heat. The use of
441:
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5294:
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1473:. Global fossil fuel consumption subsidies in 2022 have been estimated at one trillion dollars; although they vary each year depending on
1451:. As of 2021, policy researchers estimate that substantially more money is spent on fossil fuel subsidies than on environmentally harmful
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2190:
8352:
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Lelieveld, Jos; Haines, Andy; Burnett, Richard; Tonne, Cathryn; Klingmueller, Klaus; Munzel, Thomas; Pozzer, Andrea (29 November 2023).
654:
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719:. This includes contributing to the extinction of species and reducing people's ability to produce food, thus adding to the problem of
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was listed and it reached a US$ 2 trillion valuation on its second day of trading, after the world's largest initial public offering.
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529:). With additional processing, they can be employed instead of other established fossil fuels. During the 2010s and 2020s there was
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countries having pledged to phase-out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, as of 2023 they continue because of voter demand, or for
1172:. The reason given is: Needs to incorporate developments in international law and climate law which now recognise just transition.
419:
because they take millions of years to form and known viable reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are generated.
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6987:
6413:
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6031:
5978:
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1615:
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1996:
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6170:
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5547:
5509:
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4919:
4739:
3912:"Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement"
2573:
742:, which fall to Earth as acid rain, impacting both natural areas and the built environment. Monuments and sculptures made from
273:
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2897:
953:
Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of
481:, while semi-solid hydrocarbons from oil seeps were also burned in ancient times, they were mostly used for waterproofing and
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6238:
5522:
5274:
4542:
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1282:
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269:
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332:"as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763". The first use of the term "fossil fuel" occurs in the work of the German chemist
257:, this transition is expected to have significant economic impacts. Many stakeholders argue that this change needs to be a
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6348:
5883:
5415:
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1307:. Financial research suggests that, in the longer term, fossil fuel divestment has positively impacted investors' returns.
8487:
3630:
Vohra, Karn; Vodonos, Alina; Schwartz, Joel; Marais, Eloise A.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.; Mickley, Loretta J. (April 2021).
7833:
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6003:
5532:
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5432:
5304:
4861:
3787:
2593:
1577:
1278:
31:
7651:
2254:"Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development"
8392:
7539:
7380:
5542:
5390:
5352:
2839:
1589:
1460:
715:, and the burning of fossil fuels is the main source of these emissions. In most parts of the world climate change is
450:
281:
1361:
Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita, 2019. Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies per capita are measured in constant US dollars.
415:, a source of natural gas. Although fossil fuels are continually formed by natural processes, they are classified as
4829:
4213:"Fossil fuel subsidies: If we want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions we should not pay people to burn fossil-fuels"
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937:
seeks to make the United States less dependent on fossil fuels and their ability to cause inflation in the economy.
7513:
7397:
7341:
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6401:
6165:
5968:
5925:
5698:
5620:
5474:
4816:
3632:"Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem"
1633:
1221:, for example, for coal workers in coal-dependent developing regions who lack employment opportunities beyond coal.
770:
573:
126:
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397:. Despite these heat-driven transformations, the energy released in combustion is still photosynthetic in origin.
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5893:
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5395:
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4909:
4904:
3456:"Pushing on a String: Monetary Policy, Growth Models and the Persistence of Low Inflation in Advanced Capitalism"
2445:
2410:
2097:
the potential benefits of a phaseout .... can avoid an excess mortality rate of 3.61 (2.96–4.21) million per year
1448:
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of assets including stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments connected to companies involved in extracting
1210:
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898:
728:
724:
716:
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428:
338:
293:
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5002:
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3374:"Analysis: Inflation is finally falling. But the days when prices rose just 2% may never return | CNN Business"
3000:"Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era"
1529:
1433:
820:
187:
179:
6265:
4292:"Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption"
3763:"Nuclear power may have saved 1.8 million lives otherwise lost to fossil fuels, may save up to 7 million more"
2629:
1117:
is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce deaths and illness from
1102:
reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time.
182:
and over 60% of its electricity was from fossil fuels. The large-scale burning of fossil fuels causes serious
2968:
1810:
1243:
As of 2021, 1,300 institutions possessing US$ 14.6 trillion have divested from the fossil fuel industry.
695:. Air pollution from fossil fuels in 2018 has been estimated to cost US$ 2.9 trillion, or 3.3% of the global
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2415:
2222:
1958:
1858:
Paul Mann, Lisa
Gahagan, and Mark B. Gordon, "Tectonic setting of the world's giant oil and gas fields", in
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1649:
1401:
1377:
1206:
934:
416:
359:
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153:
1618:, to try to roll back existing regulations or justify new fossil fuel development. Lobbyists try to retain
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Lelieveld, J.; Klingmüller, K.; Pozzer, A.; Burnett, R. T.; Haines, A.; Ramanathan, V. (9 April 2019).
1835:
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659:
632:
4265:
4238:"Protecting Nature by Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies: The Role of Business | Earth Track"
4190:"Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health"
4089:
4014:
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8239:
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7703:
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7146:
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4310:"Reforming global fossil fuel subsidies: How the United States can restart international cooperation"
3643:
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3455:
3011:
2815:
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in history. As of July 2023, more than 1593 institutions with assets totalling more than $ 40.5
917:
831:
377:, became buried under further heavy layers of inorganic sediment. The resulting high temperature and
250:
195:
114:
1357:
449:, energy company profits increased with greater revenues from higher fuel prices resulting from the
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7753:
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7263:
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6233:
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2312:"No new oil, gas or coal development if world is to reach net zero by 2050, says world energy body"
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provided domestic heat. The wide-scale use of fossil fuels, coal at first and petroleum later, in
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8315:
8151:
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7472:
7402:
7358:
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5725:
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5677:
5672:
5242:
4334:
Martinez-Alvarez, Cesar B.; Hazlett, Chad; Mahdavi, Paasha; Ross, Michael L. (22 November 2022).
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in 2022 was a major recent example of fossil fuels causing inflation. Some economists, including
246:
3205:. Physics Education Research Group, Department of Physics, Ohio State University. Archived from
2970:
Energy and
Climate Change: An Introduction to Geological Controls, Interventions and Mitigations
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5703:
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2374:
2363:
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2088:
2070:
2041:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate"
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1611:
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1520:
1516:
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funding to fossil fuel production rather than to alternative energy. The UN secretary general
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161:
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poses a hazard to aquatic organisms. Fossil fuel wells can contribute to methane release via
473:
as a domestic fuel predates recorded history. Coal was burned in some early furnaces for the
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4355:
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3019:
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1679:
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954:
816:
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534:
408:
367:
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242:
106:
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became the first institution of higher learning to divest its endowment from fossil fuels.
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7803:
7708:
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7258:
7168:
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5647:
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4836:
4713:"US fossil fuel industry leaps on Russia's invasion of Ukraine to argue for more drilling"
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1933:
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2015:"Air Pollution Is Killing More People Than Smoking—and Fossil Fuels Are Largely to Blame"
1610:
has been criticised. The lobby is known for exploiting international crises, such as the
731:
has said that climate change is the greatest threat to human health in the 21st century.
4510:"Top oil firms spending millions lobbying to block climate change policies, says report"
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3015:
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2056:
1174:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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4562:"Fossil Fuel Interests Have Outspent Environmental Advocates 10:1 on Climate Lobbying"
3736:
3687:"Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study"
3536:
1250:
or fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is an attempt to reduce
627:. The development of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has significantly supported global
437:
Net income of the global oil and gas industry reached a record US$ 4 trillion in 2022.
268:
International policy, in the form of United
Nations sustainable development goals for
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393:, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as
347:
234:
199:
134:
2835:
2800:
Erisman, Jan Willem; MA Sutton, J Galloway, Z Klimont, W Winiwarter (October 2008).
1300:
in assets worldwide had begun or committed some form of divestment of fossil fuels.
1239:
886:
says that fossil fuel prices have driven every big episode of inflation since WWII.
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5168:
5081:
4212:
4105:
4030:
3996:"The database of fossil fuel divestment commitments made by institutions worldwide"
3278:
3269:
3247:
3108:"WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change – Sign the call"
2998:
Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019).
2920:
1788:
1474:
1337:
1304:
1265:
Fossil fuel divestment campaigns emerged on college and university campuses in the
1259:
1214:
1202:
962:
796:
720:
565:
557:
462:
215:
191:
122:
4685:"Oil and gas companies exploit coronavirus to roll back environmental regulations"
4600:"Gaslighting: How APPEA and its members continue to oppose genuine climate action"
3471:
2681:. Global Forum on Flaring & Gas Utilization. Paris: World Bank. Archived from
2439:
2404:
827:
4655:"'Pushes us closer to the abyss': Former Azerbaijani oil executive to head COP29"
4088:
Trinks, Arjan; Scholtens, Bert; Mulder, Machiel; Dam, Lammertjan (1 April 2018).
3655:
2357:
8508:
8222:
8188:
8062:
7995:
7963:
7910:
7808:
7329:
7273:
7095:
7073:
7068:
6935:
6812:
6778:
6766:
6654:
6228:
5745:
5737:
4427:
3063:
1573:
1508:
1421:
1385:
1194:
922:
739:
620:
581:
514:
351:
146:
118:
102:
90:
4039:
2607:
2270:
2253:
830:" on fossil fuels, in some cases diverting over 50% of their COVID-19 recovery
687:. Burning coal, and to a lesser extent oil and its derivatives, contributes to
55:
8256:
8178:
8116:
8084:
8024:
7718:
7436:
7253:
7211:
7153:
7122:
6761:
6693:
6631:
6604:
6567:
6260:
5637:
5269:
4197:
3023:
2218:"Trillions in Assets May Be Left Stranded as Companies Address Climate Change"
1549:
1255:
879:
777:
671:
since 1880 have been caused by different sources ramping up one after another.
624:
612:
577:
457:
of projects shut down in Russia, and backing off from earlier plans to reduce
382:
66:
4751:
4521:
4369:
4123:
4048:
3514:
3479:
3243:"World is 'doubling down' on fossil fuels despite climate crisis – UN report"
3031:
2589:
2289:
2231:
2074:
1769:
358:
millions of years ago began forming petroleum and natural gas as a result of
17:
8496:
8266:
8193:
8067:
8047:
8019:
7958:
7319:
7201:
7009:
7004:
6982:
6871:
6864:
6683:
6678:
6585:
6562:
5210:
4360:
4336:"Political leadership has limited impact on fossil fuel taxes and subsidies"
3703:
2065:
1886:
1699:
1684:
1553:
1381:
1373:
913:
862:
855:
747:
692:
616:
589:
545:
526:
521:, a complex mixture of high-molecular weight organic compounds, which yield
506:
492:
482:
478:
454:
390:
309:
280:, is designed to facilitate this transition at a global level. In 2021, the
98:
4387:
3722:
3663:
3049:
2092:
1254:
by exerting social, political, and economic pressure for the institutional
711:
Climate change is largely driven by the release of greenhouse gases like CO
137:
generators. Some fossil fuels are further refined into derivatives such as
4773:"Fossil fuel and agriculture handouts climb to $ 1.8tn a year, study says"
2114:"Factbox: Key takeaways from the IPCC report on climate change mitigation"
1890:
237:
and other negative impacts caused by fossil fuels has led to a widespread
8002:
7983:
7968:
7668:
7446:
7014:
6940:
6881:
6876:
6824:
6734:
6705:
6698:
6688:
6619:
6593:
6589:
6581:
4453:"Why fossil fuel lobbyists are dominating climate policy during Covid-19"
3433:"Inflation Developments in the Euro Area Since the Onset of the Pandemic"
2974:
2869:"Fears global energy crisis could lead to famine in vulnerable countries"
2758:
2590:"Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?"
1720:
1689:
1524:
1500:
1425:
1417:
840:
569:
541:
474:
378:
218:
and noxious gases. It is estimated that this costs over 3% of the global
157:
142:
138:
110:
3928:
3911:
3503:"Opinion | Greening Your Home Will Be Cheaper, but Expect Growing Pains"
3300:
8136:
7678:
7314:
7110:
7105:
7051:
6957:
6886:
6729:
6530:
5188:
4543:"How a Powerful U.S. Lobby Group Helps Big Oil to Block Climate Action"
4114:
3886:"Australian Campaign Case Study : Divestment Campaign 2013 - 2021"
3859:
3561:
The nuclear alternative: Energy
Production within Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1724:
1545:
1393:
785:
781:
762:
758:
549:
518:
510:
412:
386:
3576:
1217:. In Europe, advocates for a just transition want to unite social and
788:), utilizing, for example, about 40% of the United States production.
723:. Continued rises in global temperatures will lead to further adverse
75:
The main fossil fuels (from top to bottom): natural gas, oil, and coal
7683:
7604:
7555:
7163:
7128:
6952:
6908:
6756:
6554:
6196:
766:
743:
496:
403:
tended to form coal and methane. Many of the coal fields date to the
370:
317:
261:
and create policy that addresses the societal burdens created by the
6425:
2827:
897:, believe that dependence on fossil fuels is the main driver of the
4629:"IPCC: We can tackle climate change if big oil gets out of the way"
2633:
2191:"IPCC: We can tackle climate change if big oil gets out of the way"
1990:"Quantifying the Economic Costs of Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels"
1292:
By 2015, fossil fuel divestment was reportedly the fastest growing
202:
are significant, the burning of fossil fuels is the main source of
7196:
7036:
6962:
6749:
5198:
4015:"Determinants of fossil fuel divestment in European pension funds"
3995:
1356:
1286:
1094:
948:
784:. These materials are used in a wide variety of applications (see
701:
658:
440:
432:
303:
44:
4846:
4841:
4013:
Egli, Florian; Schärer, David; Steffen, Bjarne (1 January 2022).
3142:. WMO-No. 1248. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization. 2020.
961:
Environmental pollution from fossil fuels impacts humans because
214:. Additionally, most air pollution deaths are due to fossil fuel
8057:
7990:
7973:
7641:
7141:
6997:
6992:
6972:
6846:
6797:
6641:
4163:
Raval, Anjli; Kerr, Simeon; Stafford, Philip (5 December 2019).
4137:
Kerr, Simeon; Massoudi, Arash; Raval, Anjli (19 December 2019).
3304:
1909:"EDGAR - The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research"
1512:
765:, which are released into the atmosphere. In 2000, about 12,000
553:
488:
Commercial exploitation of petroleum began in the 19th century.
470:
94:
7528:
6429:
6147:
5852:
5588:
5143:
5055:
4936:
4888:
4850:
4139:"Saudi Aramco touches $ 2tn valuation on second day of trading"
916:
are undesirable energy sources because they are susceptible to
109:
from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and
27:
Fuel formed over millions of years from dead plants and animals
7100:
6744:
3454:
Van
Doorslaer, Hielke; Vermeiren, Mattias (3 September 2021).
2735:"Insurance giant Axa dumps investments in tar sands pipelines"
1830:
1828:
1466:
1154:
970:
from accidents and air pollution in the EU are as follows per
597:
505:, which is much more viscous than conventional crude oil, and
374:
6110:
Cooperative
Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
4813:
Carbon Nation: Fossil Fuels in the Making of
American Culture
4403:"The new energy shock: Putin, Ukraine and the global economy"
4401:
Brower, Derek; Wilson, Tom; Giles, Chris (25 February 2022).
4000:
Global Fossil Fuel Divestment Database managed by Stand.earth
3559:
Liodakis, E; Dashdorj, Dugersuren; Mitchell, Gary E. (2011).
3274:"Humanity is waging war on nature, says UN secretary general"
2783:"Soaring fertilizer prices put global food security at risk"
2608:"Encyclopædia Britannica, use of oil seeps in ancient times"
4260:
4258:
1557:
1269:
in 2011 with students urging their administrations to turn
548:
provided the energy needed for work such as milling flour,
288:
if the global economy and society wants to avoid the worst
4740:"Opinion. We're in a Fossil Fuel War. Biden Should Say So"
3788:"Energy Transition Investment Now On Par with Fossil Fuel"
3563:. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1342. p. 91.
2476:
Environmental Science: Problems, Connections and Solutions
933:
While not expected to provide much short-term relief, the
7524:
6286:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
4707:
4705:
580:
and trucks greatly increased the demand for gasoline and
190:
due to human activity in 2022 was CO2 from burning them.
4678:
4676:
4623:
4621:
3806:"Climate Frontlines Briefing – No Jobs on a Dead Planet"
3790:. Bloomberg NEF (New Energy Finance). 10 February 2023.
3431:
Koester, Gerrit; Lis, Eliza; Nickel, Christiane (2022).
3139:
WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019
2389:
The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann ... (1773 printing)
1477:, they are consistently hundreds of billions of dollars.
757:
Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials, mainly
4308:
George, Johannes Urpelainen and Elisha (14 July 2021).
854:
is a term that describes the impact of fossil fuels on
3590:
February 19; Chaisson, 2021 Clara (19 February 2021).
2945:
Griffin, Rodman (10 July 1992). "Alternative Energy".
2802:"How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world"
1503:
of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry (
533:
from exploitation of such resources due to their high
8485:
6127:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
4165:"Saudi Aramco raises $ 25.6bn in world's biggest IPO"
4068:
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis
3737:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?"
3537:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?"
3343:"Fight climate change. End fossilflation. Here's how"
2647:
Ball, Max W.; Douglas Ball; Daniel S. Turner (1965).
2586:● Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in
2551:. International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61.
675:
The burning of fossil fuels has a number of negative
600:, a leftover of petroleum extraction, is used in the
4266:"Fossil Fuels Consumption Subsidies 2022 – Analysis"
3592:"Fossil Fuel Air Pollution Kills One in Five People"
3403:"The Ukraine War Blew Up the World's Energy Economy"
2362:(2nd, illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 360.
2216:
Monga, Jean Eaglesham and Vipal (20 November 2021).
649:
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
8401:
8277:
8125:
8038:
7944:
7784:
7585:
7445:
7303:
7184:
7044:
7035:
6845:
6640:
6553:
6523:
6472:
6463:
6304:
6189:
6158:
6087:
6022:
5944:
5866:
5817:
5734:
5691:
5601:
5508:
5366:
5313:
5156:
4980:
4949:
3064:"Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change"
2867:Butler, Sarah; Ambrose, Jillian (20 October 2021).
2567:
2565:
1439:Eliminating fossil fuel subsidies would reduce the
750:are particularly vulnerable, as the acids dissolve
461:emissions. Record profits sparked public calls for
354:that died and sedimented in large quantities under
320:of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in
253:is so heavily integrated in the global economy and
4090:"Fossil Fuel Divestment and Portfolio Performance"
2438:
2403:
891:economic impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
30:"Oil and gas" redirects here. For other uses, see
2510:Food, Energy, and Water: The Chemistry Connection
1865:Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1990–1999
1277:into investments in clean energy and communities
6327:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
4482:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche (5 November 2021).
2675:Global Gas Flaring Reduction: A Time for Action!
1636:– a proposal that petroleum is not a fossil fuel
1594:The presence of major fossil fuel companies and
631:; it has been estimated that almost half of the
572:were coming into wide use. The invention of the
4340:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2045:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1598:at global forums for decision making, like the
1205:and livelihoods when economies are shifting to
324:over millions of years was first introduced by
286:fossil fuel extraction projects could be opened
4683:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche (16 April 2020).
2962:
2960:
540:Prior to the latter half of the 18th century,
7540:
6441:
5067:History of climate change policy and politics
4862:
3177:"Coal Combustion: Nuclear Resource or Danger"
2574:"Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022"
2356:Hsu, Chang Samuel; Robinson, Paul R. (2017).
2139:"Price Spike Fortifies Fossil Fuel Subsidies"
776:Burning coal also generates large amounts of
316:The theory that fossil fuels formed from the
8:
3200:"Nuclear proliferation through coal burning"
2852:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2630:"Bulls From the Sea: Ancient Oil Industries"
2281:11245.1/2da1dc94-53d0-46d2-a6fc-8f0e44c37356
2252:Bos, Kyra; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2019).
1870:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
1723:because it does not actually originate from
1576:associated with the fossil fuels lobby. The
611:was provided by fossil fuels in the form of
537:relative to more easily-processed reserves.
5184:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
4842:Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air
3615:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1655:Environmental impact of the energy industry
799:, have negative environmental impacts, and
7547:
7533:
7525:
7307:
7041:
6469:
6448:
6434:
6426:
6408:
6396:
6155:
6144:
5863:
5849:
5598:
5585:
5153:
5140:
5052:
4946:
4933:
4885:
4869:
4855:
4847:
4484:"Lobbying threat to global climate action"
1836:"thermochemistry of fossil fuel formation"
1584:for Big Oil with significant influence in
5954:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
5092:United Nations Climate Change conferences
4581:"Lobbying: Climate Change—Beware Hot Air"
4377:
4359:
4113:
4038:
3970:"Fossil fuel divestment: a brief history"
3927:
3839:European Commission – European Commission
3712:
3702:
3039:
2359:Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology
2279:
2269:
2082:
2064:
1959:"Chapter 2: Emissions trends and drivers"
1608:United Nations Climate Change conferences
1600:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1528:been known to obstruct policy related to
5658:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
2708:"Oil Sands Global Market Potential 2007"
1238:
976:
552:or pumping water, while burning wood or
381:caused the organic matter to chemically
245:focused on ending their use in favor of
8492:
6014:National Adaptation Programme of Action
5803:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
3813:International Trade Union Confederation
2733:Carrington, Damian (12 December 2017).
2165:"Why are fossil fuels so hard to quit?"
1848:from the original on 20 September 2015.
1740:
1712:
226:will save millions of lives each year.
180:primary energy consumption in the world
8167:Integrated gasification combined cycle
5663:Economics of climate change mitigation
5626:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
4972:Scientific consensus on climate change
4800:Barrett, Ross; Worden, Daniel (eds.),
4064:"Passive investing in a warming world"
3608:
3396:
3394:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
2845:
2386:Caspar Neumann; William Lewis (1759).
1515:), as well as related industries like
1129:. It is part of the ongoing renewable
385:, first into a waxy material known as
336:, in English translation in 1759. The
8211:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
7886:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
6322:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
4428:"Fossil Fuel Subsidies & Finance"
3910:Gibson, Dylan; Duram, Leslie (2020).
3547:from the original on 15 January 2024.
3367:
3365:
3363:
3241:Damian Carrington (2 December 2020).
2392:. J. and F. Rivington. pp. 492–.
1984:
1982:
1754:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 58.
1487:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
1428:. Some fossil fuel subsidies are via
957:(rectangles barely visible in chart).
734:Combustion of fossil fuels generates
328:"in his 1597 Alchemia " and later by
7:
8444:
6344:Representative Concentration Pathway
5290:Tipping points in the climate system
4966:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
4830:Global Fossil Infrastructure Tracker
3535:Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (2021).
3372:Horowitz, Julia (13 December 2022).
2672:Kaldany, Rashad (13 December 2006).
2473:Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott (2007).
2459:participating institution membership
2424:participating institution membership
2258:Energy Research & Social Science
8468:
8353:World energy supply and consumption
6115:Nationally determined contributions
5825:Individual action on climate change
5035:World energy supply and consumption
4560:Yale Environment 360, 19 July 2019
3884:Gulliver, Robyn (10 October 2022).
3794:from the original on 27 March 2023.
3401:Wagner, Gernot (23 February 2024).
2596:from the original on 22 April 2023.
2584:from the original on 31 March 2023.
2558:from the original on 7 August 2023.
727:on both ecosystems and people; the
655:Extinction risk from climate change
6254:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
1975:from the original on 4 April 2022.
1443:, and would greatly reduce global
1107:This paragraph is an excerpt from
683:when they burn, thus accelerating
152:The origin of fossil fuels is the
129:) that can propel vehicles, or to
25:
6181:Satellite temperature measurement
5786:forestry for carbon sequestration
5072:History of climate change science
4579:Reuters Events, 23 November 2015
4508:Laville, Sandra (22 March 2019).
3890:The Commons Social Change Library
3501:Wagner, Gernot (12 August 2022).
3341:Leber, Rebecca (12 August 2022).
1695:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
1197:movement to encompass a range of
292:and meet international goals for
8519:
8507:
8495:
8467:
8455:
8443:
8432:
8431:
7509:
7508:
6407:
6395:
6384:
6383:
6371:
6032:Climate Change Performance Index
5411:Destruction of cultural heritage
4738:Manjoo, Farhad (24 March 2022).
3767:Scientific American Blog Network
1748:Fleckenstein, Joseph E. (2016).
1616:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1349:This section is an excerpt from
1231:This section is an excerpt from
1193:is a framework developed by the
1159:
1147:This section is an excerpt from
113:), a process that occurs within
65:
54:
43:
6171:Instrumental temperature record
6122:Sustainable Development Goal 13
3225:"CCP Production and Use Survey"
3223:American Coal Ash Association.
3198:Aubrecht II, Gordon J. (2003).
3114:. November 2015. Archived from
3087:"Climate Impacts on Ecosystems"
2651:. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
2572:Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023).
1872:, p. 50, accessed 22 June 2009.
1719:The term has been considered a
1404:. Or they may be free or cheap
1279:most impacted by climate change
905:Efforts to combat fossilflation
717:negatively impacting ecosystems
411:. Terrestrial plants also form
6239:Climate variability and change
5275:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
4459:. 23 July 2020. Archived from
4106:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.036
4031:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107237
3944:"Divestment from Fossil Fuels"
2632:. Aramco World. Archived from
2588:King, Ben (12 February 2023).
2542:"World Energy Investment 2023"
1305:climate-related financial risk
689:atmospheric particulate matter
1:
6349:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
5884:Climate emergency declaration
4806:University of Minnesota Press
3472:10.1080/13563467.2020.1858774
3181:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2649:This Fascinating Oil Business
1441:health risks of air pollution
1372:on fossil fuels. They may be
1274:
265:of the fossil fuel industry.
93:-containing material such as
6474:Pollution / quality
6332:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
5558:Middle East and North Africa
3656:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754
1934:"What Are Greenhouse Gases?"
1751:Three-phase electrical power
1578:American Petroleum Institute
32:Oil and gas (disambiguation)
4541:The Guardian, 19 July 2021
2967:Michael Stephenson (2018).
1813:. Geological Survey Ireland
1590:Australian Energy Producers
1461:International Energy Agency
1455:or environmentally harmful
1133:, but is being hindered by
451:Russian invasion of Ukraine
282:International Energy Agency
270:affordable and clean energy
127:internal combustion engines
8558:
6166:Global surface temperature
6057:Popular culture depictions
5969:Ecosystem-based adaptation
5699:Carbon capture and storage
5621:Carbon offsets and credits
4817:University Press of Kansas
4062:Chung, Connor; Cohn, Dan.
3835:"Just Transition Platform"
2271:10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025
1727:, but from organic matter.
1634:Abiogenic petroleum origin
1486:
1348:
1325:
1315:
1230:
1146:
1106:
839:adopting targets to reach
771:Three Mile Island accident
652:
642:
574:internal combustion engine
445:After recovering from the
426:
105:, formed naturally in the
29:
8427:
8157:Fossil fuel power station
7819:Electric potential energy
7764:Thermodynamic temperature
7744:Thermodynamic free energy
7739:Thermodynamic equilibrium
7562:
7504:
7310:
7045:Types / location
6378:Climate change portal
6365:
6271:Extreme event attribution
6154:
6143:
5894:School Strike for Climate
5862:
5848:
5773:Climate-smart agriculture
5597:
5584:
5152:
5139:
5062:
5051:
4945:
4932:
4915:Climate change adaptation
4910:Climate change mitigation
4905:Effects of climate change
4895:
4884:
3112:World Health Organization
3024:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0
2530:– via Google Books.
2496:– via Google Books.
2446:Oxford English Dictionary
2411:Oxford English Dictionary
1434:coal-fired power stations
1400:, such as tax breaks on
1168:This article needs to be
899:2021-2022 inflation spike
729:World Health Organization
667:shows how additions to CO
645:Effects of climate change
429:Fossil fuel power station
339:Oxford English Dictionary
294:climate change mitigation
290:impacts of climate change
8228:Concentrated solar power
6281:Global warming potential
6088:International agreements
5735:Preserving and enhancing
5174:Arctic methane emissions
5096:Years in climate change
5003:Greenhouse gas emissions
4900:Causes of climate change
4835:10 December 2019 at the
4586:6 September 2021 at the
4567:6 September 2021 at the
4548:6 September 2021 at the
4432:Oil Change International
3860:"Divestment Commitments"
2507:Ahuja, Satinder (2015).
1530:environmental protection
1432:, such as subsidies for
1211:combating climate change
821:Environmental regulation
188:greenhouse gas emissions
7769:Volume (thermodynamics)
7749:Thermodynamic potential
7652:Mass–energy equivalence
6312:Climate change scenario
5964:Disaster risk reduction
5616:Carbon emission trading
5426:U.S. insurance industry
5401:Civilizational collapse
5248:sea surface temperature
4361:10.1073/pnas.2208024119
3704:10.1136/bmj-2023-077784
3085:EPA (19 January 2017).
2451:Oxford University Press
2416:Oxford University Press
2223:The Wall Street Journal
2066:10.1073/pnas.1819989116
1938:US Department of Energy
1675:Liquefied petroleum gas
1650:Eco-economic decoupling
1604:Paris Climate Agreement
935:Inflation Reduction Act
929:Inflation Reduction Act
453:, falling debt levels,
417:non-renewable resources
360:anaerobic decomposition
278:Paris Climate Agreement
196:absorption by the ocean
173:non-renewable resources
154:anaerobic decomposition
7724:Quantum thermodynamics
7714:Laws of thermodynamics
7595:Conservation of energy
6305:Research and modelling
5989:Nature-based solutions
5809:Nature-based solutions
5751:Carbon dioxide removal
5668:Fossil fuel divestment
5653:Climate risk insurance
5563:Small island countries
5179:Arctic sea ice decline
3636:Environmental Research
2769:June 11, 2007, at the
2628:Bilkadi, Zayn (1992).
1913:edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu
1596:national oil companies
1572:are among the largest
1453:agricultural subsidies
1430:electricity generation
1406:negative externalities
1362:
1248:Fossil fuel divestment
1244:
1233:Fossil fuel divestment
1207:sustainable production
1103:
992:(thousand tonnes/TWh)
958:
805:fugitive gas emissions
708:
697:gross domestic product
672:
594:petrochemical industry
586:generating electricity
466:
438:
313:
284:concluded that no new
220:gross domestic product
7841:Interatomic potential
7632:Energy transformation
6266:Earth's energy budget
6149:Background and theory
6037:Climate crisis (term)
5709:Fossil fuel phase-out
5603:Economics and finance
5568:by individual country
5510:By country and region
5485:Security and conflict
5480:Psychological impacts
5164:Abrupt climate change
5087:Charles David Keeling
4920:By country and region
3761:Jogalekar, Ashutosh.
3460:New Political Economy
2342:6 August 2012 at the
1620:fossil fuel subsidies
1366:Fossil fuel subsidies
1360:
1351:Fossil fuel subsidies
1328:Fossil fuel exporters
1326:Further information:
1242:
1135:fossil fuel subsidies
1115:Fossil fuel phase-out
1109:Fossil fuel phase-out
1098:
952:
801:offshore oil drilling
705:
665:Global Carbon Project
662:
639:Environmental effects
602:construction of roads
568:using natural gas or
562:Industrial Revolution
444:
436:
307:
224:fossil fuel phase-out
178:In 2022, over 80% of
115:geological formations
8289:Efficient energy use
8262:Airborne wind energy
8240:Solar thermal energy
8147:Electricity delivery
7759:Thermodynamic system
7704:Irreversible process
7420:remnant natural area
7057:storage and recovery
6723:habitat conservation
6541:Deforestation (REDD)
6095:Glasgow Climate Pact
5756:Carbon sequestration
5326:Mass mortality event
4094:Ecological Economics
4019:Ecological Economics
2688:on 10 September 2007
2636:on 13 November 2007.
2479:. Cengage Learning.
2346:. quakeinfo.ucsd.edu
1889:(28 November 2020).
1670:Hydraulic fracturing
1534:environmental health
1501:paid representatives
1449:limit climate change
1275:fossil fuel industry
1199:social interventions
1123:limit climate change
564:. At the same time,
389:, which is found in
251:fossil-fuel industry
184:environmental damage
131:generate electricity
8311:Energy conservation
8233:Photovoltaic system
8206:Nuclear power plant
7891:Quantum fluctuation
7754:Thermodynamic state
7729:Thermal equilibrium
7374:Earth Overshoot Day
6948:Marine conservation
6929:non-timber products
6234:Climate sensitivity
6009:The Adaptation Fund
5465:Infectious diseases
5367:Social and economic
4804:. Minneapolis, MN:
4352:2022PNAS..11908024M
4346:(47): e2208024119.
4040:20.500.11850/517323
3929:10.3390/su122310069
3648:2021EnvRe.19510754V
3569:2011AIPC.1342...91L
3272:(2 December 2020).
3187:on 5 February 2007.
3016:2019NatGe..12..643P
2926:on 12 November 2020
2820:2008NatGe...1..636E
2759:Eating Fossil Fuels
2449:(Online ed.).
2414:(Online ed.).
2143:Energy Intelligence
2057:2019PNAS..116.7192L
1566:Chevron Corporation
1482:Lobbying activities
1402:exploration for oil
1390:residential heating
1294:divestment movement
1273:investments in the
1127:energy independence
843:emissions by 2050.
793:mountaintop removal
607:The energy for the
523:synthetic crude oil
229:Recognition of the
212:ocean acidification
8348:Sustainable energy
8326:Energy development
8316:Energy consumption
8152:Energy engineering
7359:Ecosystem services
6482:Ambient standards
5805:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
5777:Forest management
5761:Direct air capture
5726:Sustainable energy
5683:Net zero emissions
5678:Low-carbon economy
5673:Green Climate Fund
5460:Indigenous peoples
5358:Plant biodiversity
5146:Effects and issues
4744:The New York Times
4719:. 26 February 2022
4272:. 16 February 2023
4242:www.earthtrack.net
3507:The New York Times
1860:Michel T. Halbouty
1606:negotiations, and
1548:companies such as
1497:fossil fuels lobby
1489:Fossil fuels lobby
1380:, such as a lower
1363:
1332:Fossil fuels lobby
1322:Petroleum industry
1245:
1104:
959:
945:Illness and deaths
709:
673:
633:Earth's population
491:Natural gas, once
467:
439:
401:Terrestrial plants
318:fossilized remains
314:
255:heavily subsidized
247:sustainable energy
206:emissions causing
186:. Over 70% of the
8483:
8482:
8250:Solar power tower
7896:Quantum potential
7734:Thermal reservoir
7637:Energy transition
7522:
7521:
7500:
7499:
7299:
7298:
6978:genetic resources
6914:genetic resources
6549:
6548:
6457:Natural resources
6423:
6422:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6296:Radiative forcing
6139:
6138:
6135:
6134:
5959:Adaptive capacity
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5704:Energy transition
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5295:Tropical cyclones
5221:Urban heat island
5135:
5134:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5008:Carbon accounting
4962:Greenhouse effect
4928:
4927:
4217:Our World in Data
3741:Our World in Data
3577:10.1063/1.3583174
3541:Our World in Data
3212:on 27 March 2009.
3149:978-92-63-11248-4
3118:on 8 October 2015
3004:Nature Geoscience
2807:Nature Geoscience
2658:978-0-672-50829-5
2520:978-0-12-800374-9
2486:978-0-495-38337-6
2457:(Subscription or
2422:(Subscription or
2375:Extract of p. 360
2369:978-3-319-49347-3
2051:(15): 7192–7197.
1895:Our World in Data
1761:978-1-4987-3778-4
1612:COVID-19 pandemic
1582:industry lobbyist
1312:Industrial sector
1201:needed to secure
1189:
1188:
1131:energy transition
1125:, and strengthen
1084:
1083:
847:Inflation effects
752:calcium carbonate
629:population growth
517:rocks containing
447:COVID-19 pandemic
356:anoxic conditions
330:Mikhail Lomonosov
276:, as well as the
243:activist movement
239:policy transition
194:on Earth, mostly
192:Natural processes
162:organic molecules
16:(Redirected from
8549:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8514:Renewable energy
8512:
8511:
8500:
8499:
8491:
8471:
8470:
8459:
8447:
8446:
8435:
8434:
8409:Carbon footprint
8343:Renewable energy
8184:Hydroelectricity
8174:Geothermal power
7617:Energy condition
7549:
7542:
7535:
7526:
7512:
7511:
7463:
7410:Natural heritage
7369:overexploitation
7308:
7042:
6988:herbal medicines
6968:FAO Plant Treaty
6508:
6485:
6470:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6427:
6411:
6410:
6399:
6398:
6387:
6386:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6339:Paleoclimatology
6156:
6145:
5906:Ecological grief
5889:Climate movement
5864:
5850:
5830:Plant-based diet
5721:Renewable energy
5599:
5586:
5421:Economic impacts
5348:Invasive species
5204:Coastal flooding
5154:
5141:
5077:Svante Arrhenius
5053:
5023:from agriculture
5013:Carbon footprint
4998:Greenhouse gases
4947:
4934:
4886:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4848:
4815:. Lawrence, KS:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4680:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4661:. 7 January 2024
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4596:
4590:
4577:
4571:
4558:
4552:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4363:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3976:. 8 October 2014
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3864:Gofossilfree.org
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3369:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3338:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3183:. Archived from
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3156:on 10 March 2020
3152:. Archived from
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3043:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2919:. Archived from
2904:
2899:Man and Technics
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2842:on 23 July 2010.
2838:. Archived from
2797:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2714:. 10 August 2007
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2546:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2353:
2347:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2283:
2273:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2112:(4 April 2022).
2106:
2100:
2099:
2086:
2068:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2019:Pacific Standard
2010:
2004:
2003:
2002:on 6 April 2020.
2001:
1995:. Archived from
1994:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1879:
1873:
1868:, Tulsa, Okla.:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1745:
1728:
1717:
1680:Low-carbon power
1665:Fossil Fuel Beta
1660:Fossil Fools Day
1586:Washington, D.C.
1447:thus helping to
1445:carbon emissions
1370:energy subsidies
1184:
1181:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1155:
977:
955:renewable energy
836:António Guterres
817:renewable energy
609:Green Revolution
413:type III kerogen
326:Andreas Libavius
69:
58:
47:
21:
8557:
8556:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8506:
8494:
8486:
8484:
8479:
8423:
8419:Waste-to-energy
8397:
8333:Energy security
8279:
8273:
8129:
8121:
8100:Natural uranium
8034:
8015:Mechanical wave
7946:Energy carriers
7940:
7780:
7709:Isolated system
7587:
7581:
7558:
7553:
7523:
7518:
7496:
7461:
7441:
7427:Systems ecology
7393:Natural capital
7295:
7180:
7169:reclaimed water
7031:
6993:UPOV Convention
6841:
6636:
6545:
6519:
6515:Ozone depletion
6506:
6483:
6459:
6454:
6424:
6419:
6372:
6370:
6353:
6300:
6291:Orbital forcing
6185:
6150:
6131:
6105:Paris Agreement
6083:
6079:Warming stripes
6018:
5984:Managed retreat
5979:Loss and damage
5940:
5874:Business action
5858:
5836:
5813:
5736:
5730:
5687:
5648:Climate finance
5593:
5572:
5504:
5362:
5338:Extinction risk
5314:Flora and fauna
5309:
5270:Permafrost thaw
5265:Ozone depletion
5194:Extreme weather
5148:
5131:
5058:
5039:
4976:
4941:
4924:
4891:
4880:
4875:
4837:Wayback Machine
4826:
4797:
4795:Further reading
4792:
4791:
4781:
4779:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4588:Wayback Machine
4578:
4574:
4569:Wayback Machine
4559:
4555:
4550:Wayback Machine
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4463:on 4 April 2023
4451:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4407:Financial Times
4400:
4399:
4395:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4169:Financial Times
4162:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4145:
4143:Financial Times
4136:
4135:
4131:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4002:. 26 July 2023.
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3843:
3841:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3307:. December 2020
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3175:Gabbard, Alex.
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3150:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3057:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2907:Alfred A. Knopf
2902:
2894:Oswald Spengler
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2844:
2828:10.1038/ngeo325
2814:(10): 636–639.
2799:
2798:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2771:Wayback Machine
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2587:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2456:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2421:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2344:Wayback Machine
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2145:. 14 April 2022
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2013:Zhang, Sharon.
2012:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1883:Ritchie, Hannah
1881:
1880:
1876:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1471:energy security
1457:water subsidies
1416:due to burning
1354:
1346:
1334:
1324:
1316:Main articles:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1219:climate justice
1213:and protecting
1203:workers' rights
1191:Just transition
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1149:Just transition
1144:
1142:Just transition
1139:
1138:
1112:
1093:
991:
989:
984:
947:
931:
907:
895:Isabel Schnabel
877:
849:
714:
682:
670:
657:
651:
643:Main articles:
641:
615:(natural gas),
576:and its use in
503:Heavy crude oil
455:tax write-downs
431:
425:
409:Earth's history
364:geological time
302:
263:stranded assets
259:just transition
169:carbon fixation
156:of buried dead
87:carbon compound
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
71:
70:
61:
60:
59:
50:
49:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8555:
8553:
8545:
8544:
8534:
8533:
8529:
8528:
8526:Climate change
8516:
8504:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8465:
8453:
8441:
8428:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8421:
8416:
8414:Jevons paradox
8411:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8338:Energy storage
8335:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8285:
8283:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8247:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8220:
8215:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8176:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8164:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8142:Electric power
8139:
8133:
8131:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8050:
8044:
8042:
8040:Primary energy
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7981:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7674:Entropic force
7671:
7664:Thermodynamics
7661:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7602:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7529:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7462:(perpetuation)
7457:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7423:
7422:
7415:Nature reserve
7412:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7400:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7311:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7098:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7048:
7046:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7012:
7007:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6892:climate change
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6860:Bioprospecting
6857:
6851:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6742:
6737:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6646:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6505:Clean Air Act
6497:
6492:
6487:
6478:
6476:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6430:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6381:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6244:Cloud feedback
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6102:
6100:Kyoto Protocol
6097:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6054:
6052:Media coverage
6049:
6044:
6042:Climate spiral
6039:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5931:Public opinion
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5886:
5881:
5879:Climate action
5876:
5870:
5868:
5860:
5859:
5853:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5791:REDD and REDD+
5788:
5783:
5775:
5770:
5768:Carbon farming
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5500:Water security
5497:
5495:Water scarcity
5492:
5490:Urban flooding
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5343:Forest dieback
5340:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5280:Sea level rise
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5253:stratification
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:Carbon leakage
5015:
5010:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4959:
4957:Climate system
4953:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4878:Climate change
4876:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4825:
4824:External links
4822:
4821:
4820:
4809:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4764:
4730:
4701:
4672:
4646:
4635:. 5 April 2022
4617:
4606:. 14 June 2021
4591:
4572:
4553:
4534:
4500:
4474:
4444:
4419:
4393:
4326:
4300:
4283:
4254:
4229:
4204:
4181:
4155:
4129:
4080:
4054:
4005:
3987:
3961:
3935:
3916:Sustainability
3902:
3876:
3851:
3826:
3797:
3779:
3753:
3728:
3677:
3622:
3582:
3551:
3527:
3493:
3466:(5): 797–816.
3446:
3437:Intereconomics
3423:
3390:
3359:
3318:
3292:
3261:
3233:
3215:
3190:
3167:
3148:
3129:
3099:
3077:
3055:
3010:(8): 643–649.
2990:
2984:978-0128120217
2983:
2956:
2937:
2915:
2885:
2859:
2792:
2774:
2763:EnergyBulletin
2751:
2725:
2699:
2664:
2657:
2639:
2620:
2599:
2561:
2533:
2519:
2499:
2485:
2465:
2430:
2395:
2378:
2368:
2348:
2337:Oil fields map
2329:
2303:
2244:
2208:
2197:. 5 April 2022
2182:
2156:
2130:
2110:Dickie, Gloria
2101:
2031:
2005:
1978:
1966:Ipcc_Ar6_Wgiii
1950:
1925:
1900:
1874:
1851:
1824:
1811:"Fossil fuels"
1802:
1775:
1760:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Bioremediation
1637:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1588:In Australia,
1580:is a powerful
1570:ConocoPhillips
1538:climate action
1493:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1414:climate change
1355:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1313:
1310:
1252:climate change
1237:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1187:
1186:
1180:September 2024
1167:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1113:
1105:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:Nuclear energy
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
988:Greenhouse gas
986:
983:Nos. of deaths
981:
946:
943:
930:
927:
906:
903:
876:
873:
867:in August 2022
848:
845:
809:Oil refineries
712:
685:climate change
680:
668:
640:
637:
463:windfall taxes
459:greenhouse gas
424:
421:
334:Caspar Neumann
301:
298:
274:climate action
249:. Because the
231:climate crisis
208:global warming
204:greenhouse gas
166:photosynthetic
74:
73:
64:
63:
62:
53:
52:
51:
42:
41:
40:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8554:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8489:
8476:
8475:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8454:
8452:
8451:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8394:
8393:United States
8391:
8389:
8388:South America
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8321:Energy policy
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8276:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8245:Solar furnace
8243:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8201:Nuclear power
8199:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8128:
8127:Energy system
8124:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8080:Gravitational
8078:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8009:
8008:Hydrogen fuel
8006:
8005:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7829:Gravitational
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7699:Heat transfer
7697:
7695:
7694:Heat capacity
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7647:Negative mass
7645:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7627:Energy system
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7550:
7545:
7543:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7515:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7493:
7492:Non-renewable
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7432:Urban ecology
7430:
7428:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:Privatization
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7159:Surface water
7157:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6796:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6661:
6660:peak farmland
6658:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6416:
6415:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6317:Climate model
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6249:Cloud forcing
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6142:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6024:Communication
6021:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:Vulnerability
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5974:Flood control
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5847:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5796:reforestation
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:afforestation
5779:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5716:Nuclear power
5714:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Carbon budget
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5448:Mental health
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:United States
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:deoxygenation
5236:
5234:
5233:acidification
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5054:
5050:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:from wetlands
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Deforestation
4986:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4811:Bob Johnson,
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4731:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4475:
4462:
4458:
4457:Greenhouse PR
4454:
4448:
4445:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4081:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3949:
3948:Unity College
3945:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3925:
3922:(23): 10069.
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3903:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3814:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3270:Harvey, Fiona
3265:
3262:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3237:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3216:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:(2): 573–596.
2952:
2948:
2947:CQ Researcher
2941:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2916:0-8371-8875-X
2912:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2793:
2789:. 6 May 2022.
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2318:. 18 May 2021
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2171:. 8 June 2020
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1784:"Fossil fuel"
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Carbon bubble
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:TotalEnergies
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
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1490:
1481:
1476:
1472:
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1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:air pollution
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1318:Coal industry
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:Unity College
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:United States
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
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1200:
1196:
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1183:
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1166:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:air pollution
1116:
1110:
1101:
1100:Bloomberg NEF
1097:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
987:
982:
980:Energy source
979:
978:
975:
973:
972:terawatt-hour
967:
964:
956:
951:
944:
942:
940:
936:
928:
926:
924:
919:
915:
911:
910:Gernot Wagner
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
874:
872:
870:
866:
865:
861:According to
859:
857:
853:
852:Fossilflation
846:
844:
842:
837:
833:
829:
828:doubling down
824:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
786:Fly ash reuse
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
678:
677:externalities
666:
661:
656:
650:
646:
638:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:steam engines
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
531:disinvestment
528:
525:when heated (
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
498:
494:
489:
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484:
480:
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472:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
435:
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:Carboniferous
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:, mixed with
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:phytoplankton
344:
341:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:Earth's crust
319:
311:
306:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:methane leaks
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:steam turbine
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:Earth's crust
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
68:
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37:
33:
19:
18:Oil & Gas
8542:Fossil fuels
8472:
8460:
8448:
8436:
8218:Oil refinery
8162:Cogeneration
8095:Nuclear fuel
8052:
7978:
7901:Quintessence
7689:Free entropy
7622:Energy level
7586:Fundamental
7490: /
7364:Exploitation
7249:Conservation
7192:Desalination
7127:
7020:conservation
6855:Biodiversity
6803:conservation
6650:Agricultural
6578:Fossil fuels
6577:
6412:
6400:
6388:
6369:
6202:Carbon cycle
6159:Measurements
5854:Society and
5738:carbon sinks
5643:Climate debt
5633:Carbon price
5455:Human rights
5285:Season creep
5243:heat content
5169:Anoxic event
5082:James Hansen
4992:
4812:
4801:
4780:. Retrieved
4776:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4743:
4733:
4721:. Retrieved
4717:The Guardian
4716:
4692:. Retrieved
4688:
4663:. Retrieved
4658:
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4633:The Guardian
4632:
4608:. Retrieved
4603:
4594:
4575:
4556:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4514:The Guardian
4513:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4487:
4477:
4465:. Retrieved
4461:the original
4456:
4447:
4435:. Retrieved
4431:
4422:
4410:. Retrieved
4406:
4396:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4317:. Retrieved
4313:
4303:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4269:
4245:. Retrieved
4241:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4216:
4207:
4196:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:
4158:
4146:. Retrieved
4142:
4132:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4071:. Retrieved
4067:
4057:
4022:
4018:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:The Guardian
3973:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3950:. 5 May 2020
3947:
3938:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3893:. Retrieved
3889:
3879:
3867:. Retrieved
3863:
3854:
3842:. Retrieved
3838:
3829:
3817:. Retrieved
3815:. March 2015
3812:
3800:
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3766:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3599:. Retrieved
3595:
3585:
3560:
3554:
3540:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3506:
3496:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3417:
3410:. Retrieved
3407:heatmap.news
3406:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:
3350:. Retrieved
3346:
3309:. Retrieved
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:The Guardian
3277:
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3248:The Guardian
3246:
3236:
3218:
3207:the original
3193:
3185:the original
3180:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3154:the original
3138:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3116:the original
3111:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3058:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2969:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2873:The Guardian
2872:
2862:
2848:cite journal
2840:the original
2811:
2805:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2739:The Guardian
2738:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2683:the original
2674:
2667:
2648:
2642:
2634:the original
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2602:
2577:
2548:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2513:. Elsevier.
2509:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2475:
2468:
2444:
2433:
2409:
2398:
2388:
2381:
2358:
2351:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:the Guardian
2315:
2306:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2221:
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:the Guardian
2194:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2168:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2104:
2096:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:
2008:
1997:the original
1965:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1894:
1877:
1864:
1854:
1815:. Retrieved
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:ScienceDaily
1787:
1778:
1750:
1743:
1715:
1574:corporations
1542:
1494:
1465:Despite the
1438:
1364:
1338:Saudi Aramco
1335:
1291:
1264:
1260:fossil fuels
1246:
1215:biodiversity
1209:, primarily
1177:
1169:
1085:
968:
963:particulates
960:
932:
912:argues that
908:
888:
883:
878:
868:
863:
860:
851:
850:
825:
814:
797:strip mining
790:
775:
756:
740:nitric acids
733:
721:world hunger
710:
674:
606:
560:enabled the
539:
501:
490:
487:
468:
399:
345:
337:
315:
267:
228:
216:particulates
177:
151:
119:heat engines
82:
80:
36:
8474:WikiProject
8294:Agriculture
8223:Solar power
8189:Tidal power
8063:Natural gas
8053:Fossil fuel
7996:Latent heat
7964:Electricity
7483:Nationalism
7455:Common-pool
7096:Hydrosphere
7089:remediation
7074:Groundwater
6669:Degradation
6229:Carbon sink
6207:atmospheric
6072:video games
5746:Blue carbon
5374:Agriculture
5353:Marine life
5300:Water cycle
5258:temperature
4993:Fossil fuel
4802:Oil Culture
4665:10 February
4467:4 September
4412:26 February
4319:26 February
4276:16 February
4115:10023/16794
4100:: 740–748.
3954:29 December
3772:29 December
3746:29 December
3697:: e077784.
3443:(2): 69–75.
3070:23 February
2878:17 December
2744:24 December
2718:9 September
2692:9 September
2613:9 September
1943:9 September
1386:natural gas
1378:consumption
1281:. In 2012,
1195:trade union
1019:Natural gas
923:base effect
914:commodities
691:, smog and
621:hydrocarbon
619:(oil), and
613:fertilizers
578:automobiles
550:sawing wood
535:carbon cost
515:sedimentary
395:catagenesis
352:zooplankton
164:created by
160:containing
103:natural gas
91:hydrocarbon
83:fossil fuel
8257:Wind power
8179:Hydropower
8130:components
8085:Hydropower
8075:Geothermal
8025:Sound wave
7936:Zero-point
7866:Mechanical
7851:Ionization
7824:Electrical
7719:Negentropy
7600:Energetics
7478:Extraction
7437:Wilderness
7398:accounting
7381:Management
7347:ecological
7335:tragedy of
7254:Peak water
7239:Efficiency
7212:Sanitation
7154:Stormwater
7147:harvesting
7123:Irrigation
7025:management
6983:gene banks
6924:management
6902:management
6818:resilience
6784:phosphorus
6740:industrial
6718:Management
6694:soundscape
6600:Geothermal
6261:Cryosphere
6222:permafrost
5994:Resilience
5946:Adaptation
5921:Litigation
5911:Governance
5856:adaptation
5638:Carbon tax
5591:Mitigation
5528:Antarctica
5416:Disability
4782:20 January
4777:www.ft.com
4527:25 October
4222:4 November
4198:World Bank
4174:10 January
4148:10 January
4025:: 107237.
3642:: 110754.
3311:7 December
3285:7 December
3254:7 December
3160:7 December
3122:7 December
3092:7 December
2930:7 December
2461:required.)
2426:required.)
2322:15 October
2264:: 101215.
2024:5 February
1887:Roser, Max
1817:29 October
1795:29 October
1735:References
1550:ExxonMobil
1475:oil prices
1408:; such as
1398:production
1374:tax breaks
1256:divestment
1226:Divestment
1041:Hydropower
880:Mark Zandi
778:bottom ash
653:See also:
625:irrigation
617:pesticides
582:diesel oil
566:gas lights
546:watermills
493:flared-off
427:See also:
423:Importance
407:period of
391:oil shales
310:oil fields
8368:Australia
8304:Transport
8299:Computing
8267:Wind farm
8194:Wave farm
8068:Petroleum
8048:Bioenergy
8020:Radiation
7959:Capacitor
7881:Potential
7488:Renewable
7473:Depletion
7460:Conflict
7342:Economics
7320:enclosure
7279:Resources
7259:Pollution
7176:Watershed
7079:pollution
7010:Seed bank
7005:Rangeland
6887:Fisheries
6872:Biosphere
6865:biopiracy
6808:fertility
6684:cityscape
6679:Landscape
6586:peak coal
6573:Resources
6524:Emissions
6276:Feedbacks
6047:Education
5548:Caribbean
5543:Australia
5470:Migration
5433:Fisheries
5379:Livestock
5305:Wildfires
5211:Heat wave
4752:0362-4331
4659:France 24
4610:3 January
4522:0261-3077
4370:0027-8424
4314:Brookings
4124:0921-8009
4049:0921-8009
3844:19 August
3672:231909881
3520:18 August
3515:0362-4331
3488:230588698
3480:1356-3467
3412:18 August
3383:18 August
3352:18 August
3032:1752-0908
2298:198658515
2290:2214-6296
2232:0099-9660
2169:Brookings
2075:0027-8424
1918:5 January
1770:958799795
1700:Shale gas
1685:Peak coal
1614:, or the
1517:chemicals
1499:includes
1394:subsidies
1382:sales tax
1344:Subsidies
1336:In 2019,
1271:endowment
1091:Phase-out
990:emissions
856:inflation
748:limestone
693:acid rain
590:feedstock
542:windmills
527:pyrolyzed
507:oil sands
483:embalming
479:metal ore
235:pollution
222:and that
158:organisms
121:(such as
111:planktons
8536:Category
8438:Category
8003:Hydrogen
7969:Enthalpy
7871:Negative
7861:Magnetic
7846:Internal
7804:Chemical
7669:Enthalpy
7588:concepts
7514:Category
7447:Resource
7386:adaptive
7284:improved
7244:Conflict
7229:Security
7224:Scarcity
7217:improved
7207:Leaching
7084:recharge
7064:Drinking
7015:Wildlife
6882:Bushmeat
6877:Bushfood
6830:planning
6735:gemstone
6730:Minerals
6711:property
6699:viewshed
6689:seascape
6620:sunlight
6594:peak oil
6590:peak gas
6402:Glossary
6390:Category
6212:biologic
5926:Politics
5818:Personal
5523:Americas
5391:Children
5157:Physical
4950:Overview
4890:Overview
4833:Archived
4584:Archived
4565:Archived
4546:Archived
4388:36375060
3980:25 March
3895:31 March
3869:11 April
3819:27 March
3792:Archived
3723:38030155
3714:10686100
3664:33577774
3611:cite web
3545:Archived
3050:31372180
2975:Elsevier
2896:(1932).
2836:94880859
2767:Archived
2594:Archived
2582:Archived
2553:Archived
2526:14 April
2492:14 April
2440:"fossil"
2405:"fossil"
2340:Archived
2149:23 April
2093:30910976
1970:Archived
1968:. 2022.
1891:"Energy"
1843:Archived
1721:misnomer
1690:Peak gas
1627:See also
1525:aviation
1521:plastics
1426:jet fuel
1418:gasoline
1298:trillion
918:volatile
841:net zero
832:stimulus
736:sulfuric
707:average.
623:-fueled
592:for the
570:coal gas
509:, where
475:smelting
379:pressure
346:Aquatic
143:gasoline
139:kerosene
8488:Portals
8450:Commons
8278:Use and
8137:Biomass
8107:Radiant
7954:Battery
7926:Thermal
7921:Surface
7906:Radiant
7876:Phantom
7856:Kinetic
7834:Binding
7814:Elastic
7797:Nuclear
7792:Binding
7679:Entropy
7577:Outline
7567:History
7315:Commons
7304:Related
7269:Quality
7185:Aspects
7111:glacial
7052:Aquifer
6958:Pasture
6909:Forests
6835:reserve
6610:Nuclear
6580: (
6536:Trading
6531:Airshed
6217:oceanic
6067:fiction
5916:Justice
5867:Society
5475:Poverty
5189:Drought
5057:History
4981:Sources
4819:, 2014.
4808:, 2014.
4757:6 April
4723:6 April
4694:6 April
4639:6 April
4493:6 April
4379:9704748
4348:Bibcode
4297:. 2021.
4247:7 March
4073:28 July
3691:The BMJ
3644:Bibcode
3601:5 April
3565:Bibcode
3041:6675609
3012:Bibcode
2816:Bibcode
2592:. BBC.
2578:Reuters
2549:IEA.org
2237:5 April
2201:5 April
2175:5 April
2123:5 April
2118:Reuters
2084:6462052
2053:Bibcode
1725:fossils
1546:Big Oil
1170:updated
1036:78–230
1030:Biomass
985:per TWh
974:(TWh):
939:Moody's
884:Moody's
875:History
782:fly ash
763:thorium
759:uranium
725:effects
699:(GDP).
588:and as
519:kerogen
511:bitumen
387:kerogen
368:organic
362:. Over
8502:Energy
8462:Portal
8383:Mexico
8378:Europe
8373:Canada
8358:Africa
8281:supply
8090:Marine
7979:Fossil
7931:Vacuum
7684:Exergy
7605:Energy
7556:Energy
7325:global
7289:policy
7234:Supply
7197:Floods
7164:Sewage
7137:Marine
7129:huerta
6963:Plants
6953:Meadow
6813:health
6791:rights
6779:copper
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