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180:, which was upriver on the Ohio. Members from most, if not all five Shawnee divisions, lived in the town, as well as an assortment of other Native Americans, Europeans, and African Americans. It had an estimated total population of 1,200 or more people. Lower Shawnee Town was abandoned in 1758, after the population relocated north into central Ohio to avoid attack by the Virginia militia.
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The village where the chief of the
Chillicothe division lived was also known as "Chillicothe". When this principal village was relocated, often as a result of war or the expansion of European-American settlement, the new village would be again be known as "Chillicothe". Not all the Shawnee living in
157:
the town belonged to the
Chillicothe division. They also tolerated residents from tribes other than the Shawnee. As a result of naming their communities in this way, there are numerous Shawnee Chillicothe villages in the historical record. This has occasionally caused some confusion to researchers.
302:
was captured in
Kentucky in 1778 by Chief Blackfish and brought to Chillicothe with other prisoners. Boone was adopted into the tribe and lived for several months at Chillicothe. According to tradition the village was the birthplace of Tecumseh, who became a famous Shawnee leader responsible for
319:
led the
Kentucky militia up the Little Miami River. The Shawnee and other residents abandoned Chillicothe as Clark approached. Clark burned the town and destroyed the surrounding crops. (By some accounts, the Shawnee had burned the town before fleeing, to deny the Kentucky militia plunder and
278:
Because of its prominence in the
American Revolutionary War, Old Chillicothe (1774–1780) was the most famous of the Shawnee Chillicothe villages in American history. It is often referred to in historical writing as "Old Chillicothe", in order to distinguish it from the modern Ohio city of
217:, was probably born here about 1761. Tecumseh may have been born here in 1768, or at nearby Kisposko town. In 1762, Chillicothe contained about 300 warriors (representing a total of perhaps 1,200 people). The majority of Shawnee then living in Ohio lived there.
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in August 1782, the worst defeat of the war for the soldiers of
Kentucky. In retaliation, in November Clark led another expedition into Ohio, the last major campaign of the war. His forces destroyed Chillicothe and four other villages.
139:
By tradition, each
Shawnee division had certain roles it performed on behalf of the entire tribe. These customs were fading by the time they were recorded in writing by European Americans. The Chillicothe division often provided
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in 1778, Americans crossed the Ohio River and attacked
Chillicothe on May 29, 1779. Blackfish successfully defended the town, but was shot in the leg and later died when the wound became infected. In 1780, in retaliation for
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303:
creating a large alliance among tribes in the late eighteenth century. But
Tecumseh was born in 1768, before this Chillicothe was settled. As mentioned above, he was likely born at a village on the Scioto River.
172:, founded about 1734 by Shawnee. The Shawnee name of the town was not recorded, but scholars believe it may have been "Chillicothe". The town grew to be a major trading hub in the years leading up to the
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In the early 1770s, the
Shawnee towns on the Scioto were the focus of a Shawnee-led movement formed to resist colonial expansion onto their traditional hunting grounds following the 1768
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195:. The village was settled in the late 1750s by survivors of the floods at Lower Shawnee Town and the burning of Logstown, at a time when Shawnee were returning to the
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European influences, especially in trade goods such as guns, kettles, and clothing, were prevalent among the Shawnee at this time. David Jones, an
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57:
516:
Henderson, A. Gwynn. "The Lower Shawnee Town on Ohio: Sustaining Native Autonomy in an Indian 'Republic'" in Craig Thompson Friend, ed.,
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There were raids across the Ohio on both sides during the American Revolutionary War. After Chief Blackfish unsuccessfully besieged
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Edmunds, R. David. "Forgotten Allies: The Loyal Shawnees and the War of 1812" in David Curtis Skaggs and Larry L. Nelson, eds.,
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127:. (All five division names have been spelled in a great variety of ways.) Together these divisions formed the loose
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Chillicothe was the home of Blackfish, war chief of the division. From here the Shawnee staged numerous raids into
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502:
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The Wilderness Trail: Or, The Ventures and Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders on the Allegheny Path, Volume 1
243:
marched to the Scioto villages and forced the Shawnee to accept the boundary established in the Stanwix treaty.
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in October 1781, the war on the frontier continued unabated. In Kentucky, the Americans were defeated at the
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283:. Settlement of the village began in 1774. Located on the Little Miami River, the area is now known as
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The next Chillicothe (1758–1787) was one of seven Shawnee villages developed on the west bank of the
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Shawnee living in & starting cities in Ohio, especially Chillicothe. There were several of them
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235:. The Shawnee were ultimately unsuccessful in forging a large alliance, however. They fought
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347:(1780–1782) after the destruction of the previous village. Although a British army
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168:, as it was called by European-American colonists, was a large town on the
250:, many Chillicothe residents relocated northwest to form a village on the
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
771:
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people, during the 18th century. It was also the name of the principal
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254:. Shawnee villagers continued to live on the Scioto, along with some
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298:, where they hoped to drive out the American settlers. Frontiersman
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258:, until the village was attacked by Americans in 1787 during the
629:
363:(1783–1790). Another Chillicothe (1788–1792) was located on the
600:
224:
missionary, visited the town in 1773 and noted that a British
144:
leadership for the tribe. A well-known Chillicothe leader was
99:) was the name of one of the five divisions (or bands) of the
29:
371:. A Chillicothe (1787–?) was located on the west bank of the
1309:
Former Native American populated places in the United States
239:
in 1774 with little support from other tribes. An army from
518:
The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land
472:
Background to Glory: The Life of George Rogers Clark
320:
supplies.) Clark marched further north and fought a
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The Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754-1814
207:decades earlier in competition over the fur trade.
111:of the division. The other four divisions were the
176:. But it was of lesser political importance than
662:History of Native Americans in the United States
262:, after the establishment of the United States.
612:
402:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 815.
8:
996:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
619:
605:
597:
1129:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
43:This article includes a list of general
1144:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum
388:
658:Native Americans in the United States
7:
482:P, 1957. Bison Book printing, 1992;
1283:Native American place names in Ohio
583:Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
343:Chillicothe was resettled on the
324:, where he defeated the Shawnee.
1017:Prehistoric communities or sites
628:
359:The next Chillicothe was on the
34:
396:John E. Kleber (May 18, 1992).
228:named Moses Henry lived there.
95:(or, more commonly in English,
1324:Native American tribes in Ohio
1:
1314:Pre-statehood history of Ohio
566:Sugden, John. "Blackfish" in
191:and what developed as modern
1114:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)
1029:Archaeological sites in Ohio
581:Tanner, Helen Hornbeck, ed.
131:that was the Shawnee tribe.
1134:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum
836:Two Mile Square Reservation
831:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation
568:American National Biography
313:Bird's invasion of Kentucky
1345:
1109:Flint Ridge State Memorial
841:Upper Sandusky Reservation
248:American Revolutionary War
246:After the outbreak of the
161:Chillicothes on the Scioto
639:
399:The Kentucky Encyclopedia
1230:Battle of Fallen Timbers
1206:Treaty of Camp Charlotte
1119:Fort Hill State Memorial
821:Blanchard's Fork Reserve
634:Native Americans in Ohio
439:Charles Augustus Hanna,
377:Cape Girardeau, Missouri
201:driven out and scattered
1288:Indian removals in Ohio
1149:SunWatch Indian Village
1139:New Indian Ridge Museum
1088:Thunderbird (mythology)
849:Indian removals in Ohio
349:surrendered at Yorktown
308:Boonesborough, Kentucky
274:Site of Old Chillicothe
64:more precise citations.
1224:Siege of Fort Recovery
826:Moravian Indian Grants
340:
275:
233:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
1200:Yellow Creek massacre
443:, Putnam's sons, 1911
335:
322:battle at Pekowi town
273:
174:French and Indian War
1266:Treaty of St. Mary's
1260:Treaty of Fort Meigs
1254:Treaty of Brownstown
1242:Treaty of Grouseland
1236:Treaty of Greenville
1212:Northwest Indian War
1182:Raid on Pickawillany
1154:Zane Shawnee Caverns
1083:Petroglyphs in Ohio
1039:Petroglyphs in Ohio
984:Glacial Kame culture
965:Prehistoric cultures
929:Historic communities
803:Algonquian languages
353:Battle of Blue Licks
260:Northwest Indian War
152:Chillicothe villages
135:Chillicothe division
1001:Monongahela culture
951:Muskingum (village)
813:Former reservations
785:Western Confederacy
650:Northwest Territory
497:, pp. 337–51.
375:, north of present
369:Fort Wayne, Indiana
317:George Rogers Clark
287:, near present-day
213:, older brother of
1218:St. Clair's defeat
1194:Lord Dunmore's War
1093:Underwater panther
1009:(Late Prehistoric)
1007:Whittlesey culture
980:(Late Prehistoric)
941:Lenape settlements
642:Prehistory of Ohio
341:
328:Other Chillicothes
276:
252:Little Miami River
199:after having been
166:Lower Shawnee Town
1296:
1295:
1248:Treaty of Detroit
992:(Middle Woodland)
946:Lower Shawneetown
563:(1999 paperback).
409:978-0-8131-2883-2
373:Mississippi River
345:Great Miami River
193:Chillicothe, Ohio
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16:(Redirected from
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974:(Early Woodland)
858:Historic figures
633:
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541:Tecumseh: A Life
503:Michigan State U
470:Bakeless, John.
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361:St. Mary's River
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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1319:Shawnee history
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670:Historic tribes
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646:History of Ohio
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266:Old Chillicothe
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146:Chief Blackfish
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105:Native American
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56:Please help to
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18:Old Chillicothe
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1078:Mounds in Ohio
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547:: Holt, 1997.
539:Sugden, John.
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1188:Pontiac's War
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1176:Nanfan Treaty
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901:Little Turtle
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871:Buckongahelas
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591:U of Oklahoma
588:
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562:
561:0-8050-6121-5
558:
555:(hardcover);
554:
553:0-8050-4138-9
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
534:0-8131-2085-3
531:
527:
526:U of Kentucky
523:
519:
515:
512:
511:0-87013-569-4
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
488:0-8032-6105-5
485:
481:
480:U of Nebraska
477:
473:
469:
468:
464:
456:
450:
447:
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442:
435:
432:
429:Henderson 32.
426:
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336:Sailing ship
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237:Dunmore's War
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1276:Other topics
1178:(1701, 1726)
1048:
978:Fort Ancient
956:Pickawillany
895:Kakowatcheky
889:Joseph Brant
845:
781:
678:Chalahgawtha
677:
654:Ohio Country
582:
567:
540:
517:
499:East Lansing
494:
471:
465:Bibliography
454:
449:
440:
434:
425:
415:February 16,
413:. Retrieved
398:
391:
365:Maumee River
358:
342:
337:
305:
300:Daniel Boone
293:
277:
245:
230:
219:
209:
197:Ohio Country
185:Scioto River
182:
164:
155:
138:
96:
93:Chalahgawtha
92:
91:
76:
67:
48:
1214:(1785–1795)
1172:(1609-1701)
1170:Beaver Wars
1074:(sculpture)
919:Tenskwatawa
865:Blue Jacket
754:Anishinaabe
744:Anishinaabe
694:Erie people
576:Oxford U.P.
338:Chillicothe
281:Chillicothe
189:Paint Creek
129:confederacy
125:Hathawekela
97:Chillicothe
70:August 2009
62:introducing
1303:Categories
1052:Ohio River
1044:Tower Site
766:Piankeshaw
704:Honniasont
383:References
226:fur trader
211:Cheeseekau
170:Ohio River
45:references
1072:Birdstone
986:(Archaic)
921:(Shawnee)
915:(Shawnee)
909:(Wyandot)
907:Roundhead
897:(Shawnee)
879:(Shawnee)
877:Cornstalk
867:(Shawnee)
795:Languages
762:(Shawnee)
736:speaking)
730:Mosopelea
726:speaking)
724:Iroquoian
711:(Wyandot)
680:(Shawnee)
528:P, 1999.
522:Lexington
505:P, 2001.
142:political
1049:See also
990:Hopewell
913:Tecumseh
891:(Mohawk)
883:Egushawa
873:(Lenape)
846:See also
782:See also
698:Iroquois
684:Delaware
593:P, 1987.
545:New York
457:, 16–19.
455:Tecumseh
453:Sugden,
296:Kentucky
256:Cherokee
241:Virginia
222:Anglican
215:Tecumseh
205:Iroquois
178:Logstown
1329:Shawnee
1102:Museums
1065:Culture
903:(Miami)
885:(Odawa)
777:Wyandot
772:Shawnee
768:(Miami)
578:, 1999.
476:Lincoln
285:Oldtown
203:by the
187:, near
117:Kispoko
113:Mekoche
109:village
101:Shawnee
58:improve
1268:(1818)
1262:(1817)
1256:(1808)
1250:(1807)
1244:(1805)
1238:(1795)
1232:(1794)
1226:(1794)
1220:(1791)
1208:(1774)
1202:(1774)
1196:(1774)
1190:(1763)
1184:(1752)
1163:Events
760:Pekowi
740:Ojibwe
734:Siouan
688:Lenape
587:Norman
572:Oxford
559:
551:
532:
509:
486:
406:
123:, and
121:Pekowi
47:, but
972:Adena
750:Odawa
720:Mingo
715:Miami
709:Huron
289:Xenia
557:ISBN
549:ISBN
530:ISBN
507:ISBN
484:ISBN
417:2013
404:ISBN
103:, a
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656:–
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644:–
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