697:
73:
1785:
98:
709:
1844:
1796:
59:
105:
80:
659:
as 4 feet high. The
Connecticut state website provides potential visitors with a description of the conditions and terrain to be expected (such as not being accessible to wheelchairs, strollers, or walkers and involves multiple sets of metal stairs leading down to the mine). A virtual tour of the underground mine is also available.
658:
Visitors are able to explore the prison courtyard, or they can take a guided tour provided by museum staff. A guided tour of the underground copper mine is offered, taking visitors through the mine. The underground tour involves traversing as low as 75 feet below ground, and includes tunnels as short
417:
After eighteen days' imprisonment, a snow storm struck. Around midnight, Viets went to check on his captive. Descending the ladder, he found Hinson’s bunk was empty and his few possessions were missing. It was later discovered that a female accomplice had braved the deep snow with a hundred-foot rope
379:
The colony purchased the remaining years of
Captain James Holmes’s mining lease and set about constructing the necessary infrastructure needed to convert the mine into a satisfactory prison. A small blockhouse was constructed over the main shaft with ladder – the only entrance and exit from the mine.
480:
At first, the number of
Loyalist prisoners remained low with only five or six being incarcerated in the prison, often for numerous offenses. However, this changed and upwards of thirty to forty loyalists at a time begun to be imprisoned purely for their sympathies to the Crown, often facing charges
421:
In response, the
General Assembly recommended a number of changes. Firstly, at least two guards were to watch the prison at night. The ventilating shaft in which Hinson had made his escape from was also to be covered with “stones about 15 to 18 inches square and of suitable length… secured with a
521:
and cutlasses, another escape attempt occurred on May 18, 1781. While two officers were raising the shaft’s gate, it was violently heaved upward and the men, armed with rocks and scraps of metal, scrambled up the ladder into the blockhouse. The guards were overpowered and disarmed in the ensuing
596:
The mine was purchased by private owners who, for a price, provided candles and guided tours of the old prison for curious visitors. The site has been considered a tourist attraction since the 1860s. Prison tours were still carried out and to attract more visitors, a variety of attractions were
395:
for the first offense – not to exceed ten years, and the second offense was life. The keeper of the prison was authorized to punish the convicts for offenses by “moderate whipping, not exceeding ten stripes, and by putting shackles and fetters upon them.” It was intended that prisoners would be
513:
In spring 1776, a number of prisoners attempted to escape the prison by burning a wooden door which sat over the exit shaft. Hay had been smuggled for weeks where it was deemed to be sufficiently combustible. Upon lighting the hay, however, the damp conditions underground caused only a smolder
484:
The treatment of loyalists in the prison was no different from that of other convicted criminals. With up to a hundred inmates being held at one time, air circulation in such a confined space was limited. There was no natural light, no opportunities for inmates to wash, and communal toilet
287:
Excavations were made on the summit of the hill and two perpendicular shafts, one nearly eighty feet deep and the other thirty-five, were dug through the rock to raise the ore. Caverns were carved out at the bottom of the shafts that extended several hundred feet in various directions.
488:
Mining was abandoned and the need for punitive work expanded their hard labor to include making hand wrought nails. Prisoners were bound in iron chains and forced into the compulsory construction of nails from 4am to 4pm. Lashes were dished out as punishment for disobedience.
496:
cell. Situated at an area near the end of one of the passageways, the cell was consisted of bare rock and was twenty feet square with no light. In the middle of the cell was a rock with an iron bolt affixed to it, allowing for a prisoner's legs to be chained to it.
539:
In 1790, the site became a state prison. Most of the above-ground facilities present today were built between then and 1802. These include the main prison wall, a new workshop for the convicts, and five brick-and-masonry buildings, all of which now stand in ruins.
1674:
2016:
477:, or imprisoned. By not obtaining the status of prisoner or war, a loyalist could not be pardoned, exchanged, or released. Patriotic leaders sought means to remove the more vocal loyalists from society and saw the answer in the ready-made prison at Simsbury.
429:
In order to assist the convict workers, a number of expert miners were hired to work alongside them. However this had an adverse effect, with the hired miners becoming friendly with the convicts and willingly entering into their escape plans with them.
1769:
1705:
1689:
725:
573:
Though the improvements were many, the jail remained a miserable facility. Men were chained and forced to march the treadmill, an overseer standing by with his whip ready. In 1824, a four-story building was erected containing offices, a
2046:
1679:
735:
375:
In May 1773, Colonel
William Pitkin, Eratus Wolcott, and Captain Jonathan Humphrey visited the mines. They determined that by carving a 15 by 12 foot lodging room near the first shaft they had the makings of a formidable prison.
350:
Others would renew the lease, however profits continued to remain small. Cargoes shipped to Europe had slim returns. Over the years, two ships were lost, one taken by the French as a prize during war and the other sunk in the
957:
A history of
Newgate of Connecticut, at Simsbury, now East Granby: its insurrections and massacres, the imprisonment of the Tories in the Revolution, and the working of its mines. Also, some account of the state prison, at
371:
sought a central prison to house its convicts. The unsuccessful mine, with its labyrinth of caves and shafts, was explored as an option as an escape-proof institution in which isolated prisoners could be kept from society.
623:
two years later. They also constructed a sloping tunnel to provide visitors access via stairs to the mines. The museum and grounds was closed in 2009 for structural repairs, re-opening to the public on July 14, 2018.
1764:
1710:
522:
brawl. The escapees then captured the night duty guards as well as those sleeping. All guards, regardless of their condition, were then transported down into the prison, before the prisoners fled from the scene.
1351:
358:
Some company owners defied the ban on smelting in
America and constructed furnaces in order to pound, smelt, and refine the ore. This was done is secrecy, but it too proved a financial burden and was abandoned.
284:, refine it, and cast it into bars. They invited the people of Simsbury to participate in the venture. Sixty-four residents, in exchange for financial and or labor investments, became shareholders as a result.
1731:
1633:
1664:
1598:
1563:
504:
was denounced as a traitor and marched by a crowd several miles in the direction of the prison. The fear of imprisonment at
Simsbury was enough for him to sign the crowd’s oath and beg for forgiveness.
1638:
1543:
1503:
1328:
1603:
1593:
1588:
1568:
647:
Today, Old New-Gate Prison is open for visitors typically between the months of May and
October with events usually being held the months of September and October. The site features a large wooden
329:
In order to combat the percolation of water into the mine drains were dug in order to draw it away. However this proved unsuccessful and pumps were required to be kept running throughout the day.
1684:
1518:
1433:
1553:
1548:
1423:
1302:
Ongoing historical research project from
Trinity College students Camille Valentincic and Zeinab Bakayoko (2021), Zoë Gill and Madison Wilson (2022), and Ava Caudle and Elizabeth Ochoa (2023)
2041:
1643:
1608:
1513:
1488:
347:
The vein yielded three to five percent of pure copper, however it was not enough to offset the cost of running the mine. Speculators pulled out and eventually Belcher dissolved the venture.
1628:
1578:
1558:
1533:
1523:
1508:
1498:
1483:
1463:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1648:
1623:
1528:
1468:
1448:
1443:
1413:
1403:
1583:
1538:
1478:
1453:
1408:
272:, in 1705. The construction of a mine began in 1707. The mine was created by digging a vertical shaft and tunneling horizontally, with additional vertical shafts dug for ventilation.
414:
In December 1773 the prison received its first convict, John Hinson sentenced to 10 years for burglary. Hinson was a career criminal who had spent time in half a dozen county jails.
1832:
1715:
1613:
1493:
1458:
578:, mess hall, and additional cells for fifty prisoners. The focus became punishment along with employment in producing commercial products to help offset prison operating expenses.
991:
1669:
1618:
1573:
1473:
2031:
1381:
1366:
341:
531:
With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 bringing a conclusion to the conflict, the new United States government lost interest in using the mine as a federal prison.
808:
611:
The mine complex was acquired by the state historic commission in 1968. In the 1970s the state repurposed the old guardhouse for use as a visitors' center and interpretive
1810:
1321:
730:
1397:
465:, suspicion of those suspected of Loyalist sympathies grew even stronger. Those persons alleged to have joined the enemy, robbed, or plundered were not to be considered
2026:
399:
The prison had only one point of entry and exit, a forty-foot ladder down into the mine from the guardhouse. Prisoners would be provided with musty straw to sleep on.
1212:
851:
295:. As a result of the manner in which the ore was extracted profits were minimal. Twinned with this, British legislation at the time prohibited the ore from being
1799:
1314:
240:, which visitors are able to explore through a guided tour, and the remains of the state's first official prison, which was used between 1776 and 1782 to house
315:, William Partridge, and one of the original company’s clergy, Timothy Woodbridge Jr, leased the area from the town and raised £10,000 to resurrect the mine.
1237:
1996:
1789:
2001:
1889:
1825:
696:
1912:
127:
72:
528:
Of all the inmates held in captivity in the prison during the war, it is estimated that approximately half absconded and escaped in some capacity.
2006:
1361:
97:
2036:
1876:
1291:
1162:
566:
Several more buildings were constructed: a large kitchen, several small factories, a hospital, quarters for female convicts, and a thirty-foot
1818:
1097:
1848:
1337:
760:
616:
36:
593:
Attempts were made to reactivate the mines in the 1830s and 1850s, but these ventures failed and mining at the site was again abandoned.
1752:
525:
On November 6, 1782, the wooden buildings of the prison were destroyed by fire, allowing for another escape of inmates to take place.
2011:
1948:
1907:
1871:
708:
462:
1137:
1934:
1902:
299:
in America. Because they could not construct a furnace to extract the copper from the ore the entire mass had to be shipped to
2021:
1863:
669:
447:
422:
strong iron gate, about six feet below the surface.” Further to this, it was decided that the prisoners were to be used as
280:
In 1709, three clergymen, John Woodbridge, Timothy Woodbridge, Jr., and Dudley Woodbridge, formed a company to extract the
1917:
834:
451:
318:
Skilled miners were brought in to the mine in order to dig and extract the ore. The ore was then hauled fourteen miles to
1884:
679:
368:
337:
916:
1981:
1757:
1736:
620:
443:
249:
245:
45:
1961:
582:
418:
coiled around her shoulder. She lowered the rope down the eighty-foot well shaft, allowing Hinson to climb out.
1894:
222:
992:"Simsbury Mine – American Revolution's First National Prison: A Dark Dismal Cavern of Slippery Stinking Filth"
782:
402:
On December 2, 1773, representatives for the Colonial Legislature approached Captain John Viets, owner of a
233:
Archaeological Preserve. Previously closed for restoration since 2009, it was re-opened on July 14, 2018.
1371:
455:
955:
1376:
1356:
765:
655:) outside of the buildings entrance, allowing those visiting the opportunity to take a memorable photo.
319:
269:
493:
333:
1296:
1187:
544:
1953:
1263:
897:
470:
632:
1103:
1093:
828:
439:
938:
815:. Offices of Culture and Tourism. July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on August 14, 2006
1306:
1059:
1020:
889:
500:
The psychological fear of the prison was itself used in order to torment Loyalists. Colonel
403:
312:
265:
241:
636:
567:
466:
352:
332:
Alongside miners brought specifically to the mine, local workers and farmers from nearby
291:
The ore was developed amateurishly, broken out by hand, upgraded, and shipped to British
627:
The site is now owned and administered by the State of Connecticut as a museum. Nearby
581:
In 1827, the prison was closed and the remaining prisoners were transferred to the new
560:
501:
344:, both imported and indigenous, were leased from masters and forced to work the mines.
189:
1990:
1301:
1063:
1047:
628:
615:, and took other steps to stabilize the ruins. Old New-Gate Prison was listed on the
423:
323:
380:
The lodging room was enlarged along with accommodations for the expected prisoners.
1770:
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
474:
1843:
940:
An Historic Record and Pictorial Description of the Town of Meriden, Connecticut
726:
List of sites administered by the Connecticut State Historic Preservation Office
602:
392:
237:
226:
2017:
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
570:
that was operated by twenty two inmates climbing paddle blades to grind grain.
58:
552:
517:
Despite the increase of prison security, now numbering 27 soldiers armed with
1107:
736:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hartford County, Connecticut
311:
Interest in the mine did not disappear with the Woodbridge Company. In 1714,
142:
129:
1972:
Above currently open facilities are male-only unless noted by ♀(female-only)
292:
1087:
383:
The General Assembly passed an act prescribing the terms of imprisonment:
303:
resulting in large shipping costs. Within four years, the venture failed.
1213:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine, East Granby--Events and Programs"
690:
in which its history and use during the American Revolution is explored.
384:
296:
852:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine, East Granby--Plan Your Visit- 1"
901:
877:
648:
575:
485:
facilities. Among inmates, the prison was often referred to as “Hell”.
388:
300:
514:
instead. The smoke was enough to result in the death of one prisoner.
1765:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
652:
612:
548:
518:
261:
2047:
National Register of Historic Places in Hartford County, Connecticut
893:
1238:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine, East Granby--Virtual Tours"
755:
563:
and machining. All were incorporated into the prison workforce.
326:, then loaded onto ships bound for England where it was refined.
924:
60th Annual Report of the Connecticut Society of Civil Engineers
605:
598:
556:
1814:
1310:
813:
Connecticut Department of Economic & Community Development
543:
From nail making, the prison industry branched out to include
281:
406:, with an offer to be the prison keeper, which he accepted.
1163:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine, East Granby, CT"
492:
For particularly unruly inmates, the prison possessed a
469:, but convicted before the superior court and either
221:
is a former prison and mine site on New-Gate Road in
1089:
Scars of independence : America's violent birth
1927:
1856:
1745:
1724:
1698:
1657:
1390:
1367:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1344:
1264:"Episode 195: Old Newgate Prison & Copper Mine"
208:
200:
195:
182:
174:
166:
158:
121:
1188:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine | Visit CT"
731:List of National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut
2042:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
1398:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1092:(1st ed.). New York: Crown. pp. 44–51.
686:The prison features in an episode of the podcast
1790:National Register of Historic Places portal
846:
844:
1138:"A Deeper Look At Loyalists In Newgate Prison"
1826:
1322:
1297:CTvisit Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine
1242:CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website
1217:CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website
1167:CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website
856:CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website
547:(making and repairing wooden vessels such as
8:
1025:Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project
461:With the eruption of conflict following the
937:Gillespie, Charles; Curtis, George (1906).
458:, and their homes were raided and damaged.
454:. Loyalists were assaulted in the streets,
104:
79:
2032:National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut
1833:
1819:
1811:
1329:
1315:
1307:
943:. Meriden, CT: Journal Publishing Company.
787:National Historic Landmark summary listing
57:
1338:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
714:View of same wall as the postcard in 2010
481:of life imprisonment within the caverns.
37:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
777:
775:
438:The build-up of tensions throughout the
336:were employed as labor. On top of this,
2027:Museums in Hartford County, Connecticut
809:"Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine"
747:
692:
826:
756:"National Register Information System"
225:. It is now operated by the state of
20:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1052:The Journal of the Historical Society
1015:
1013:
961:. Albany, N.Y: J Munsell. p. 12.
702:Postcard from late 1910s, early 1920s
231:Old New-Gate Prison & Copper Mine
7:
1849:Connecticut Department of Correction
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
761:National Register of Historic Places
683:sent the contestants to the prison.
674:John Wolff escapes from the prison.
617:National Register of Historic Places
264:was discovered on the west side of
1997:1773 establishments in Connecticut
1753:National Historic Preservation Act
876:Abbott, Collamer M. (April 1970).
14:
2002:Copper mines in the United States
1292:Old New-Gate Prison official site
450:persecuted and targeted by local
236:The site includes a colonial-era
1842:
1795:
1794:
1783:
1064:10.1111/j.1540-5923.2010.00323.x
707:
695:
635:of Old New-Gate Prison from the
103:
96:
78:
71:
954:Phelps, Richard Harvey (1860).
917:"Connecticut's Iron and Copper"
463:Battle of Lexington and Concord
46:U.S. National Historic Landmark
2007:Defunct prisons in Connecticut
1706:Federated States of Micronesia
1352:Architectural style categories
1262:White, Holly (July 17, 2018).
882:The William and Mary Quarterly
619:in 1970, and was designated a
597:eventually introduced – caged
184:
1:
2037:Prison museums in Connecticut
112:Show map of the United States
369:Connecticut General Assembly
260:State records indicate that
248:. The site was designated a
18:United States historic place
1021:"Notorious New-Gate Prison"
2063:
1758:Historic Preservation Fund
1737:American Legation, Morocco
1046:Levy, Barry (March 2011).
621:National Historic Landmark
559:manufacture, shoe making,
444:American Revolutionary War
434:American Revolutionary War
250:National Historic Landmark
246:American Revolutionary War
1970:
1962:Wethersfield State Prison
1778:
1699:Lists by associated state
996:Revolutionary War Journal
833:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
583:Wethersfield State Prison
426:in order to extract ore.
183:NRHP reference
65:
56:
52:
43:
34:
27:
23:
2012:East Granby, Connecticut
1982:Cemetery finally located
1895:Manson Youth Institution
1680:Northern Mariana Islands
223:East Granby, Connecticut
915:Harte, Charles (1944).
878:"Colonial Copper Mines"
789:. National Park Service
677:In 2006, an episode of
87:Show map of Connecticut
1675:Minor Outlying Islands
1658:Lists by insular areas
1372:Keeper of the Register
1086:Hoock, Holger (2017).
670:Drums Along the Mohawk
651:(often referred to as
601:, antique cars, and a
404:tavern nearby the mine
342:Native American slaves
307:Continuation of mining
276:The Woodbridge Company
2022:Mining in Connecticut
1877:Corrigan-Radgowski CC
1377:National Park Service
1357:Contributing property
783:"Old New-Gate Prison"
766:National Park Service
162:5 acres (2.0 ha)
143:41.96194°N 72.74556°W
1890:MacDougall-Walker CI
1732:District of Columbia
1268:Ben Franklin's World
688:Ben Franklin’s World
589:Post-prison activity
494:solitary confinement
456:tarred and feathered
1913:Willard-Cybulski CI
1123:Connecticut Journal
768:. January 23, 2007.
535:The prison post-war
396:employed at labor.
219:Old New-Gate Prison
209:Designated NHL
148:41.96194; -72.74556
139: /
29:Old New-Gate Prison
1954:Old Newgate Prison
1142:Digital Farmington
1048:"Tar and Feathers"
1027:. October 22, 2016
998:. December 5, 2018
904:– via JSTOR.
643:Tourist attraction
471:sentenced to death
442:on the eve of the
410:The prison pre-war
1977:
1976:
1808:
1807:
1362:Historic district
1099:978-0-8041-3728-7
440:Thirteen Colonies
216:
215:
212:November 28, 1972
196:Significant dates
2054:
1847:
1846:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1711:Marshall Islands
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1136:Bengel, Morgan.
1133:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1083:
1068:
1067:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
988:
963:
962:
951:
945:
944:
934:
928:
927:
921:
912:
906:
905:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
848:
839:
838:
832:
824:
822:
820:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
779:
770:
769:
752:
711:
699:
680:Treasure Hunters
467:prisoners of war
363:Role as a prison
313:Jonathan Belcher
266:Talcott Mountain
242:prisoners of war
204:October 15, 1970
186:
154:
153:
151:
150:
149:
144:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
113:
107:
106:
100:
88:
82:
81:
75:
61:
21:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1923:
1852:
1841:
1839:
1809:
1804:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1741:
1720:
1694:
1653:
1386:
1340:
1335:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1192:www.ctvisit.com
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:. May 24, 1781.
1120:
1119:
1115:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1001:
999:
990:
989:
966:
953:
952:
948:
936:
935:
931:
919:
914:
913:
909:
894:10.2307/1918655
875:
874:
870:
860:
858:
850:
849:
842:
825:
818:
816:
807:
806:
802:
792:
790:
781:
780:
773:
754:
753:
749:
744:
722:
715:
712:
703:
700:
665:
663:Popular culture
645:
637:Metacomet Trail
633:bird's eye view
591:
537:
511:
436:
412:
365:
353:English Channel
309:
278:
268:, then part of
258:
147:
145:
141:
138:
133:
130:
128:
126:
125:
117:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
48:
39:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1690:Virgin Islands
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:American Samoa
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:South Carolina
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:North Carolina
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1391:Lists by state
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1382:Property types
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1286:External links
1284:
1281:
1280:
1254:
1229:
1204:
1179:
1154:
1128:
1113:
1098:
1069:
1038:
1009:
964:
946:
929:
907:
888:(2): 295–309.
868:
840:
800:
771:
746:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
721:
718:
717:
716:
713:
706:
704:
701:
694:
664:
661:
644:
641:
590:
587:
561:basket weaving
536:
533:
510:
507:
502:Abijah Willard
435:
432:
411:
408:
393:counterfeiting
364:
361:
308:
305:
277:
274:
257:
254:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
123:
119:
118:
102:
101:
95:
94:
93:
92:
77:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
54:
53:
50:
49:
44:
41:
40:
35:
32:
31:
28:
25:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2059:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:Niantic Annex
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Bridgeport CC
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:State prisons
1855:
1850:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:West Virginia
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:New Hampshire
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Massachusetts
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:"New Haven".
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
997:
993:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
965:
960:
959:
950:
947:
942:
941:
933:
930:
925:
918:
911:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
869:
857:
853:
847:
845:
841:
836:
830:
814:
810:
804:
801:
788:
784:
778:
776:
772:
767:
763:
762:
757:
751:
748:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
710:
705:
698:
693:
691:
689:
684:
682:
681:
675:
673:
671:
662:
660:
656:
654:
650:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:Peak Mountain
625:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
604:
600:
594:
588:
586:
584:
579:
577:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
553:blacksmithing
550:
546:
541:
534:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
515:
508:
506:
503:
498:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
427:
425:
419:
415:
409:
407:
405:
400:
397:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
370:
367:By 1773, the
362:
360:
356:
354:
348:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
327:
325:
324:New York City
322:, shipped to
321:
316:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
256:Early history
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
211:
207:
203:
201:Added to NRHP
199:
194:
191:
188:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
124:
120:
99:
74:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
26:
22:
16:
1899:New Haven CC
1604:South Dakota
1594:Rhode Island
1589:Pennsylvania
1569:North Dakota
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1257:
1247:September 4,
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1222:September 4,
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1088:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1024:
1000:. Retrieved
995:
958:Wethersfield
956:
949:
939:
932:
923:
910:
885:
881:
871:
861:September 4,
859:. Retrieved
855:
817:. Retrieved
812:
803:
791:. Retrieved
786:
759:
750:
687:
685:
678:
676:
668:
667:In the book
666:
657:
646:
626:
610:
595:
592:
580:
572:
565:
555:, wagon and
542:
538:
530:
527:
524:
516:
512:
499:
491:
487:
483:
479:
460:
437:
428:
424:forced labor
420:
416:
413:
401:
398:
382:
378:
374:
366:
357:
349:
346:
331:
328:
317:
310:
290:
286:
279:
259:
235:
230:
218:
217:
15:
1949:Northern CI
1908:Robinson CI
1885:Hartford CC
1872:Cheshire CI
1868:Brooklyn CI
1725:Other areas
1685:Puerto Rico
1519:Mississippi
1434:Connecticut
1197:January 19,
1172:January 19,
1147:January 19,
1031:January 19,
1002:January 19,
819:January 31,
603:World War I
238:copper mine
227:Connecticut
146: /
122:Coordinates
1991:Categories
1958:Webster CI
1939:Enfield CI
1634:Washington
1554:New Mexico
1549:New Jersey
1424:California
1058:: 85–110.
926:: 146–149.
793:October 3,
742:References
293:consignees
178:mason levy
134:72°44′44″W
131:41°57′43″N
1935:Bergin CI
1903:Osborn CI
1881:Garner CI
1644:Wisconsin
1609:Tennessee
1514:Minnesota
1489:Louisiana
1108:953617831
631:offers a
568:treadmill
545:coopering
448:Loyalists
252:in 1972.
244:from the
175:Architect
1942:Gates CI
1800:Category
1629:Virginia
1579:Oklahoma
1559:New York
1534:Nebraska
1524:Missouri
1509:Michigan
1499:Maryland
1484:Kentucky
1464:Illinois
1439:Delaware
1429:Colorado
1419:Arkansas
829:cite web
720:See also
452:Patriots
385:burglary
320:Hartford
270:Simsbury
190:70000839
1928:Defunct
1918:York CI
1851:prisons
1746:Related
1649:Wyoming
1624:Vermont
1529:Montana
1469:Indiana
1449:Georgia
1444:Florida
1414:Arizona
1404:Alabama
1273:June 8,
902:1918655
649:pillory
576:granary
549:barrels
519:muskets
509:Escapes
475:whipped
389:robbery
338:African
334:Windsor
301:England
297:smelted
229:as the
1584:Oregon
1539:Nevada
1479:Kansas
1454:Hawaii
1409:Alaska
1345:Topics
1106:
1096:
900:
653:stocks
613:museum
446:, saw
391:, and
262:copper
1716:Palau
1614:Texas
1494:Maine
1459:Idaho
920:(PDF)
898:JSTOR
599:bears
167:Built
1670:Guam
1619:Utah
1574:Ohio
1474:Iowa
1275:2021
1249:2022
1224:2022
1199:2021
1174:2021
1149:2021
1104:OCLC
1094:ISBN
1033:2021
1004:2021
863:2022
835:link
821:2017
795:2007
606:tank
557:plow
340:and
170:1775
159:Area
1060:doi
890:doi
551:),
282:ore
185:No.
1993::
1266:.
1240:.
1215:.
1190:.
1165:.
1140:.
1102:.
1072:^
1056:11
1054:.
1050:.
1023:.
1012:^
994:.
967:^
922:.
896:.
886:27
884:.
880:.
854:.
843:^
831:}}
827:{{
811:.
785:.
774:^
764:.
758:.
639:.
608:.
585:.
473:,
387:,
355:.
1920:♀
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1400::
1330:e
1323:t
1316:v
1277:.
1251:.
1226:.
1201:.
1176:.
1151:.
1110:.
1066:.
1062::
1035:.
1006:.
892::
865:.
837:)
823:.
797:.
672:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
