1206:
1295:
818:
2670:
1266:
argued that the United States' political system does not primarily reflect the preferences of its average citizens. Their analysis of policy outcomes between 1981 and 2002 suggested that wealthy individuals and business groups held substantial influence over political decisions, often sidelining the
1040:
I now want to give the common man weapons against the intellectual man. I love the common people. I want to arm them against the lawyer, the doctor, the priest, the literary man, the professor, the artist, and the politician, who, once in authority, is the most dangerous, disastrous, and tyrannical
1270:
However, the study received criticism from other scholars, who argued that the influence of average citizens should not be discounted and that the conclusions about oligarchic tendencies were overstated. Gilens and Page defended their research, reiterating that while they do not label the United
987:
The consolidation of power by a dominant religious or ethnic minority can be considered a form of oligarchy. Examples include South Africa during apartheid, Liberia under
Americo-Liberians, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia. In these cases, oligarchic rule was often tied to the legacy of
1187:, has played a significant role in the country's politics and economy. These oligarchs gained control of state assets during the rapid privatization that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. By 2021, Ukraine passed a law aimed at curbing oligarchic influence on politics and the economy.
1124:
of state-owned assets, a class of
Russian oligarchs emerged. These oligarchs gained control of significant portions of the economy, especially in the energy, metals, and natural resources sectors. Many of these individuals maintained close ties with government officials, particularly the
1491:
Winters (2011) pp. 26–28. "Aristotle writes that 'oligarchy is when men of property have the government in their hands... wherever men rule by reason of their wealth, whether they be few or many, that is an oligarchy, and where the poor rule, that is a
1267:
majority of
Americans. While the United States maintains democratic features such as regular elections, freedom of speech, and widespread suffrage, the study noted that policy decisions are disproportionately influenced by economic elites.
1233:
argued that the rise of an
American financial oligarchy became particularly prominent following the 2008 financial crisis. This financial elite has been described as wielding significant power over both the economy and political decisions.
1225:
Several commentators and scholars have suggested that the United States demonstrates characteristics of an oligarchy, particularly in relation to the concentration of wealth and political influence among a small elite. (list of top donors)
1169:. This group holds significant influence over the country's legislative, military, and economic affairs, and critics argue that this system concentrates power in a religious elite, marginalizing other voices within society.
1660:
999:
He argued that even democracies, like all large organizations, tend to become oligarchic due to the necessity of dividing labor, which ultimately results in a ruling class focused on maintaining its power.
1086:, elected in 2016, promised to dismantle the oligarchy during his presidency. However, corporate oligarchy persisted throughout his tenure. While Duterte criticized prominent tycoons such as the
3124:
1833:
2383:
3089:
5313:
3129:
3084:
1374:
846:
1041:
of all the fools, rascals, and impostors. I want a democratic power strong enough to force the intellectual oligarchy to use its genius for the general good or else perish.
3291:
3094:
5266:
2178:
3152:
3104:
3420:
1647:
the concept of oligarchy can be fruitfully applied not only to places like
Singapore, Colombia, Russia, and Indonesia, but also to the contemporary United States.
1066:
3162:
2266:
1734:
1714:
Mendoza, Ronald U.; Bulaong, Oscar Jr.; Mendoza, Gabrielle Ann S. (1 February 2022). "Cronyism, Oligarchy and
Governance in the Philippines: 1970s vs 2020s".
3079:
3286:
960:
Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as coercive, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist.
3851:
2456:
4210:
2039:
5306:
3177:
3109:
63:
1841:
4395:
3147:
2004:
277:
1036:(1907). In the play, Shaw criticizes the control of society by intellectual elites and expresses a desire for the empowerment of the common people:
5003:
4305:
3182:
839:
4424:
3172:
3167:
3099:
1196:
2122:
4412:
1962:
1937:
1754:
870:
5299:
3074:
3051:
2150:
1779:
1079:
and their close associates. Analysts have described this period, and even subsequent decades, as an era of oligarchy in the
Philippines.
5113:
5023:
2210:
1479:
3413:
2652:
2619:
2596:
2554:
2531:
2509:
2326:
1887:
1591:
1526:
832:
1451:
3157:
2801:
1467:
5083:
3533:
3066:
2702:
5398:
4039:
3890:
3348:
2885:
2240:
1117:
717:
5240:
5093:
3979:
2762:
2576:
2546:
2223:
1514:
1072:
925:
rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as
524:
479:
1271:
States an outright oligarchy, they found substantial evidence of economic elites dominating certain areas of policy-making.
1978:
5280:
5153:
4375:
3406:
2184:
1200:
350:
5677:
5178:
5173:
4867:
3905:
3538:
3046:
3020:
2931:
922:
887:
5692:
5672:
5381:
5193:
5188:
4973:
3056:
3041:
2611:
1379:
1280:
544:
59:
3028:
2058:
5723:
5667:
5502:
4175:
4165:
3858:
3518:
3385:
3189:
2519:
1871:
365:
1205:
5718:
5636:
5366:
4222:
3750:
3036:
2880:
2584:
2236:
1586:
Shaw, Bernard und
Baziyan, Vitaly. 2-in-1: English-German. Major Barbara & Major in Barbara. New York, 2020,
1230:
5662:
5534:
5063:
2769:
2757:
2297:
1329:
1210:
1148:
115:
2447:
1241:
in 2015 characterized the United States as an "oligarchy with unlimited political bribery" following the 2010
2094:
5546:
5479:
5403:
5376:
5043:
4963:
4777:
4380:
3969:
3880:
3114:
2845:
1394:
1263:
773:
340:
2674:
5585:
5420:
4370:
4350:
4237:
4200:
3870:
3498:
3231:
2954:
1810:
1243:
1166:
863:
788:
355:
4290:
2016:
904:
5410:
5393:
4524:
4479:
3885:
3362:
3213:
2479:
Gordon, Daniel (2010). "Hiring Law
Professors: Breaking the Back of an American Plutocratic Oligarchy".
2063:
1868:
The Great
Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
1349:
1334:
1087:
996:
783:
646:
243:
5551:
4340:
1930:
Iran's Foreign Policy: Elite Factionalism, Ideology, the Nuclear Weapons Program, and the United States
5291:
5033:
4913:
4682:
4504:
4489:
4330:
4257:
3949:
3910:
3895:
3429:
3270:
3265:
3255:
2969:
2949:
2730:
2695:
1255:
1219:
1157:
1057:
have described Colombia, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, Canada and the United States as oligarchies.
5687:
5597:
5415:
5330:
5223:
5138:
5103:
5073:
4993:
4519:
4459:
4267:
3780:
3700:
3340:
3237:
2994:
2924:
2875:
2850:
2752:
2747:
2742:
1251:
1184:
1178:
1126:
1027:
707:
616:
573:
360:
125:
5713:
5235:
5230:
5213:
5208:
4677:
4185:
4122:
2640:
2468:
2155:
2127:
2099:
1696:
1688:
1631:
1603:
1569:
1152:
1099:
1050:
345:
130:
105:
4667:
1518:
1546:
5652:
5354:
5344:
5198:
5143:
4983:
4772:
4662:
4434:
4360:
4335:
4252:
4137:
3939:
3333:
3260:
2979:
2919:
2914:
2648:
2615:
2592:
2572:
2550:
2527:
2505:
2492:
2488:
2416:
2391:
2384:"Critics argued with our analysis of U.S. political inequality. Here are 5 ways they're wrong"
2364:
2219:
1958:
1933:
1883:
1879:
1750:
1719:
1715:
1680:
1587:
1522:
1314:
1111:
778:
499:
330:
282:
110:
43:
1875:
5432:
5322:
5203:
5133:
4903:
4822:
4817:
4807:
4742:
4717:
4652:
4642:
4612:
4592:
4582:
4449:
4444:
4402:
4345:
4142:
3825:
3820:
3795:
3740:
3715:
2897:
2735:
2460:
2354:
2306:
1742:
1672:
1623:
1561:
1389:
1091:
1054:
611:
534:
504:
378:
120:
100:
5457:
5442:
5361:
5326:
5260:
4933:
4852:
4812:
4782:
4767:
4732:
4727:
4697:
4672:
4657:
4632:
4617:
4552:
4529:
4514:
4499:
4484:
4355:
4310:
4295:
4285:
4107:
4102:
3959:
3954:
3934:
3922:
3380:
3296:
2984:
2959:
2688:
1863:
1405:
1400:
1354:
1300:
1142:
1083:
982:
918:
822:
795:
651:
641:
438:
335:
1129:, leading some to characterize modern Russia as an oligarchy intertwined with the state.
1075:
from 1965 to 1986, several monopolies arose in the Philippines, primarily linked to the
5590:
5250:
5158:
5148:
4877:
4752:
4737:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4647:
4622:
4577:
4557:
4419:
4390:
4365:
4320:
4300:
4262:
4217:
4097:
4087:
3944:
3775:
3588:
2446:
Aslund, Anders (2005), "Comparative Oligarchy: Russia, Ukraine and the United States",
2205:
1507:
1215:
1161:(Governance of the Jurist), places power in the hands of a small group of high-ranking
992:
800:
731:
636:
469:
383:
2293:"Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens"
1294:
817:
5707:
5575:
5467:
5183:
5013:
4923:
4872:
4842:
4832:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4607:
4597:
4587:
4562:
4429:
4407:
4325:
4232:
4205:
4190:
4132:
3815:
3354:
3319:
2964:
2815:
2524:
The Collapse of Antiquity: Greece and Rome as Civilization's Oligarchic Turning Point
2472:
2215:
1700:
1635:
1611:
1607:
1259:
1121:
1076:
1032:
687:
582:
484:
474:
315:
1573:
1183:
Since Ukraine's independence in 1991, a powerful class of business elites, known as
5484:
5452:
5371:
5163:
4847:
4837:
4827:
4692:
4687:
4627:
4602:
4572:
4567:
4474:
4469:
4315:
4195:
3929:
3865:
3735:
3725:
3720:
3639:
3629:
3573:
3463:
3247:
2989:
2835:
1661:"Oligarchs and Cronies in the Philippine State the Politics of Patrimonial Plunder"
1324:
1247:
Supreme Court decision, which removed limits on donations to political candidates.
1238:
1008:
Business groups may be considered oligarchies if they meet the following criteria:
736:
663:
657:
631:
626:
602:
592:
529:
418:
238:
162:
1780:"Explainer: The oligarchy in the Philippines is more than just one family or firm"
1903:
5619:
5612:
5539:
5427:
5387:
4862:
4857:
4792:
4787:
4637:
4509:
4464:
4454:
4247:
4242:
4180:
4117:
3900:
3875:
3800:
3760:
3730:
3705:
3685:
3664:
3644:
3624:
3614:
3583:
3448:
3313:
2974:
2904:
2870:
2840:
2810:
2343:"Testing Inferences about American Politics: A Review of the "Oligarchy" Result"
2090:
1416:
1344:
1339:
1309:
965:
741:
726:
668:
539:
403:
202:
197:
177:
167:
157:
2630:
1018:
The owners control multiple businesses, coordinating activities across sectors.
964:
pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, contrasting it with
5657:
5629:
5607:
5517:
5245:
5053:
4953:
4802:
4722:
4494:
4385:
4227:
4170:
4147:
4112:
4061:
4051:
4019:
3964:
3790:
3770:
3695:
3659:
3563:
3548:
3473:
3223:
2999:
2789:
2311:
2292:
1627:
1565:
1421:
1384:
1290:
1162:
1155:, is sometimes described as a clerical oligarchy. Its ruling system, known as
1138:
746:
702:
697:
692:
678:
519:
310:
192:
187:
51:
2395:
2368:
2359:
2342:
1746:
1684:
5580:
5556:
5512:
5507:
5462:
5349:
4943:
4882:
4439:
4082:
4009:
3994:
3915:
3835:
3830:
3755:
3710:
3690:
3669:
3634:
3619:
3483:
3443:
3218:
2824:
2794:
2784:
1431:
1426:
1411:
1369:
1364:
1319:
1095:
961:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
549:
443:
433:
428:
413:
408:
398:
272:
233:
222:
217:
207:
172:
84:
79:
34:, a type of market structure which is controlled by a small number of firms.
31:
2669:
1805:
17:
5522:
5437:
5218:
4797:
4534:
4127:
4092:
4066:
4046:
3999:
3810:
3765:
3649:
3553:
3543:
3508:
3478:
2464:
2327:"The new study about oligarchy that's blowing up the Internet, explained"
2179:"Why the 'donor class' matters, especially in the GOP presidential scrum"
2012:
1359:
1015:
They possess sufficient political power to influence their own interests.
954:
926:
621:
182:
152:
95:
2565:
Oligarchia: The Development of a Constitutional Form in Ancient Greece (
2151:"From Fracking to Finance, a Torrent of Campaign Cash – Top Donors List"
5682:
5602:
5255:
5168:
4056:
4024:
4014:
3785:
3745:
3578:
3503:
3488:
3468:
3398:
2892:
1904:"Russian oligarchs: What are they and how have they changed over time?"
1692:
423:
260:
250:
2121:
Confessore, Nicholas; Cohen, Sarah; Yourish, Karen (10 October 2015).
5624:
5561:
5527:
5474:
4004:
3805:
3593:
3568:
3558:
3528:
3513:
3326:
2941:
2712:
934:
910:
893:
876:
587:
2502:
Londongrad: From Russia with Cash: The Inside Story of the Oligarchs
1834:"Businesses under Duterte administration: Who gained, who got hurt?"
1676:
1197:
Income inequality in the United States § Democracy and society
5567:
4034:
3523:
3458:
2774:
1979:"Zelensky's battle against oligarchs: What does the new law mean?"
2680:
2647:. Northwestern University, Illinois: Cambridge University Press.
2589:
The Politics of Oligarchy: Institutional Choice in Imperial Japan
4029:
3453:
1955:
The Islamic Republic of Iran: Reflections on an Emerging Economy
968:, arguing that oligarchy was the perverted form of aristocracy.
5295:
3402:
2684:
3598:
3493:
1509:
Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa
1201:
Politics of the United States § Concerns about oligarchy
1030:
coined the concept of an intellectual oligarchy in his play
2149:
Lichtblau, Eric; Confessore, Nicholas (10 October 2015).
1283:
online encyclopedia considers China to be an oligarchy.
2382:
Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (7 December 2021).
2123:"The Families Funding the 2016 Presidential Election"
1739:
Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Democratization
2632:
Greek oligarchies, their character and organisations
5645:
5495:
5337:
5126:
4895:
4543:
4276:
4156:
4075:
3987:
3978:
3844:
3678:
3607:
3436:
3305:
3279:
3246:
3202:
3140:
3065:
3019:
3012:
2940:
2863:
2719:
1094:, corporate figures allied with Duterte, including
1012:
They are the largest private owners in the country.
3292:Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
1506:
917: 'to rule, command') is a conceptual form of
2608:On Oligarchy: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics
2543:Aristotle and Xenophon on democracy and oligarchy
3090:Largest financial services companies by revenue
2057:Winters, Jeffrey A. (November–December 2011) .
1735:"Can the Philippines' wild oligarchy be tamed?"
2500:Hollingsworth, Mark; Lansley, Stewart (2010).
1957:. New York: Routledge. pp. 48–50, 88–89.
1806:"Duterte takes pride in dismantling oligarchy"
5307:
3414:
3085:Largest corporations by market capitalization
2696:
2606:Tabachnick, David; Koivukoski, Toivu (2012).
2267:"Jimmy Carter: America Is Now an 'Oligarchy'"
840:
8:
3920:
3856:
3287:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
1540:
1538:
1500:
1498:
5314:
5300:
5292:
3984:
3421:
3407:
3399:
3206:
3095:Largest manufacturing companies by revenue
3016:
2723:
2703:
2689:
2681:
2457:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2291:Gilens, Martin; Page, Benjamin I. (2014).
1547:"Capital structure and oligarch ownership"
847:
833:
767:
569:
303:
75:
38:
27:Form of government with small ruling class
2449:CASE Network Studies and Analyses No. 296
2358:
2310:
1250:In 2014, a study by political scientists
1067:Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986)
64:List of countries by system of government
1622:(4) (published December 2009): 731–751.
1204:
1102:, benefitted during his administration.
5004:Reflections on the Revolution in France
3105:Largest technology companies by revenue
1444:
716:
677:
601:
572:
495:
452:
374:
306:
259:
216:
139:
78:
49:
3173:Income inequality in the United States
3168:Wealth inequality in the United States
2177:McCutcheon, Chuck (26 December 2014).
1932:. New York: Routledge. pp. 1–19.
1505:Coleman, James; Rosberg, Carl (1966).
1454:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
3100:Largest software companies by revenue
1774:
1772:
7:
3080:Largest corporate profits and losses
5114:The End of History and the Last Man
5024:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3153:Countries by number of billionaires
2211:Capital in the Twenty-First Century
2040:"America on the Brink of Oligarchy"
2341:Bashir, Omar S. (1 October 2015).
1659:Hutchcroft, Paul D. (April 1991).
1046:Countries perceived as oligarchies
25:
2802:Primitive accumulation of capital
1612:"Oligarchy in the United States?"
1554:Economic Change and Restructuring
1218:as giant money bags looming over
5084:The Open Society and Its Enemies
3148:Cities by number of billionaires
2668:
2421:education.nationalgeographic.org
1293:
816:
3891:Family as a model for the state
3349:The Theory of the Leisure Class
3224:Acquired situational narcissism
2003:Kroll, Andy (2 December 2010).
1832:Esmael, Lisbet (29 June 2022).
1741:, Routledge, pp. 347–362,
1733:Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert (2015),
1118:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
5241:Separation of church and state
5139:Collectivism and individualism
5094:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3163:Countries by wealth inequality
2763:History of economic inequality
2591:. Cambridge University Press.
2547:University of California Press
2265:Kreps, Daniel (31 July 2015).
2038:Starr, Paul (24 August 2012).
1515:University of California Press
1073:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos
883: 'rule by few'; from
525:Intergovernmental organisation
480:Separation of church and state
1:
5281:Category:Political philosophy
5154:Critique of political economy
2185:The Christian Science Monitor
1281:National Geographic Society's
1151:, established after the 1979
995:expanded on this idea in his
5678:Social dominance orientation
5179:Institutional discrimination
5174:History of political thought
3906:Negative and positive rights
3130:Number of billionaire alumni
3075:Largest companies by revenue
2005:"The New American Oligarchy"
1458:, on Perseus Digital Library
322:(socio-political ideologies)
5693:List of totalitarian states
5673:Right-wing authoritarianism
5189:Justification for the state
4974:Two Treatises of Government
2612:University of Toronto Press
2325:Prokop, A. (18 April 2014)
1953:Amuzager, Jahangir (2014).
1928:Kazemzadeh, Masoud (2020).
1120:in 1991 and the subsequent
991:In the early 20th century,
390:(socio-economic ideologies)
60:List of forms of government
5740:
5668:Left-wing authoritarianism
5503:Authoritarian conservatism
3859:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2585:Rosenbluth, Frances McCall
1872:Princeton University Press
1194:
1176:
1136:
1109:
1064:
980:
903:
886:
869:
29:
5367:Counterintelligence state
5276:
3376:
3209:
3158:Countries by total wealth
3037:List of centibillionaires
2881:High-net-worth individual
2726:
2629:Whibley, Leonard (1896).
2541:J. M. Moore, ed. (1986).
2312:10.1017/S1537592714001595
2059:"Oligarchy and Democracy"
1628:10.1017/S1537592709991770
1566:10.1007/S10644-018-9226-9
1545:Chernenko, Demid (2018).
1375:Oligarchical collectivism
511:(geo-cultural ideologies)
5663:Inverted totalitarianism
5535:Authoritarian capitalism
5064:The Revolt of the Masses
2770:International inequality
2758:Consumption distribution
2360:10.1177/2053168015608896
2298:Perspectives on Politics
1804:Ruth Abbey Gita-Carlos.
1747:10.4324/9781315674735-30
1616:Perspectives on Politics
1330:Inverted totalitarianism
1211:The Bosses of the Senate
1149:Islamic Republic of Iran
1023:Intellectual oligarchies
900: 'few' and
30:Not to be confused with
5547:Authoritarian socialism
5044:The Communist Manifesto
3970:Tyranny of the majority
3881:Consent of the governed
2846:Conspicuous consumption
2353:(4): 2053168015608896.
2347:Research & Politics
1456:A Greek–English Lexicon
1395:Power behind the throne
1264:Northwestern University
774:Administrative division
718:International relations
3921:
3871:Clash of civilizations
3857:
3232:Argumentum ad crumenam
2635:. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
2571:. Stuttgart: Steiner,
1811:Philippine News Agency
1244:Citizens United v. FEC
1222:
1043:
5411:Dominant-party system
3886:Divine right of kings
3363:The Wealth of Nations
3214:Diseases of affluence
2569:Einzelschirften; 144)
2423:. National Geographic
2064:The American Interest
1350:Military dictatorship
1335:Iron law of oligarchy
1208:
1195:Further information:
1038:
997:Iron Law of Oligarchy
784:Democratic transition
647:Self-governing colony
244:Military dictatorship
5034:Democracy in America
4413:political philosophy
4396:political philosophy
4211:political philosophy
4040:political philosophy
3950:Separation of powers
3911:Night-watchman state
3896:Monopoly on violence
3430:Political philosophy
3271:Venture philanthropy
3266:Philanthrocapitalism
3178:Most expensive items
3052:Wealthiest Americans
3032:list of billionaires
2731:Capital accumulation
2677:at Wikimedia Commons
2563:Ostwald, M. (2000),
2465:10.2139/ssrn.1441910
1844:on 28 September 2023
1256:Princeton University
1165:clerics, led by the
1004:Putative oligarchies
5598:Ecoauthoritarianism
5416:Illiberal democracy
5224:Right-wing politics
5104:A Theory of Justice
5074:The Road to Serfdom
4994:The Social Contract
3701:Christian democracy
3327:Greek god of wealth
3238:Prosperity theology
3057:Wealthiest families
3042:Female billionaires
2876:Captain of industry
2851:Conspicuous leisure
2753:Income distribution
2748:Wealth distribution
2743:Economic inequality
2641:Winters, Jeffrey A.
2583:Ramseyer, J. Mark;
2481:Widener Law Journal
1216:corporate interests
1185:Ukrainian oligarchs
1179:Ukrainian oligarchs
1028:George Bernard Shaw
823:Politics portal
708:Supranational union
617:Dependent territory
530:National government
5236:Political violence
5231:Political theology
5214:Left-wing politics
5209:Political spectrum
3190:Wealthiest animals
2156:The New York Times
2128:The New York Times
2100:The New York Times
2019:on 22 January 2012
1223:
1153:Iranian Revolution
1106:Russian Federation
1100:Udenna Corporation
1051:Jeffrey A. Winters
5724:Political culture
5701:
5700:
5653:Democracy indices
5345:Absolute monarchy
5289:
5288:
5199:Philosophy of law
5144:Conflict theories
4984:The Spirit of Law
4891:
4890:
3940:Original position
3396:
3395:
3372:
3371:
3261:The Giving Pledge
3198:
3197:
3008:
3007:
2673:Media related to
2504:. Fourth Estate.
2095:"The Donor Class"
1964:978-1-85743-748-5
1939:978-0-367-49545-9
1756:978-1-315-67473-5
1315:Cacique democracy
1237:Former President
1112:Russian oligarchs
857:
856:
808:
807:
779:Democracy indices
754:
753:
557:
556:
366:Semi-presidential
291:
290:
16:(Redirected from
5731:
5719:Authoritarianism
5552:Marxism–Leninism
5433:Managerial state
5316:
5309:
5302:
5293:
5204:Political ethics
5194:Machiavellianism
5134:Authoritarianism
5119:
5109:
5099:
5089:
5079:
5069:
5059:
5049:
5039:
5029:
5019:
5009:
4999:
4989:
4979:
4969:
4959:
4949:
4939:
4929:
4919:
4909:
3985:
3926:
3862:
3852:Balance of power
3826:Social democracy
3821:Social Darwinism
3796:Multiculturalism
3741:Environmentalism
3716:Communitarianism
3423:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3256:Gospel of Wealth
3207:
3017:
2828:
2819:
2736:Overaccumulation
2724:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2682:
2672:
2658:
2636:
2625:
2602:
2560:
2537:
2515:
2496:
2475:
2454:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2362:
2338:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2241:"The Quiet Coup"
2233:
2227:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2093:(19 July 1998).
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:The New Republic
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2015:. Archived from
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1864:Scheidel, Walter
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1840:. Archived from
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1604:Winters, Jeffrey
1600:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1482:. Liddell/Scott.
1477:
1471:
1470:, Liddell/Scott.
1465:
1459:
1449:
1390:Political family
1303:
1298:
1297:
1092:Manny Pangilinan
1055:Benjamin I. Page
914:
907:
897:
890:
880:
873:
849:
842:
835:
821:
820:
768:
612:Associated state
570:
545:Internationalism
535:World government
512:
391:
323:
304:
278:Free association
265:
226:
145:
88:
76:
39:
21:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5641:
5491:
5458:Socialist state
5443:One-party state
5362:Communist state
5333:
5320:
5290:
5285:
5272:
5261:Totalitarianism
5122:
5117:
5107:
5097:
5087:
5077:
5067:
5057:
5047:
5037:
5027:
5017:
5007:
4997:
4987:
4977:
4967:
4957:
4947:
4937:
4934:Treatise on Law
4927:
4917:
4907:
4887:
4545:
4539:
4278:
4272:
4158:
4152:
4071:
3974:
3960:State of nature
3955:Social contract
3935:Ordered liberty
3923:Noblesse oblige
3840:
3674:
3603:
3432:
3427:
3397:
3392:
3368:
3301:
3297:Too big to fail
3275:
3242:
3194:
3136:
3115:Philanthropists
3061:
3004:
2936:
2859:
2715:
2709:
2665:
2655:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2605:
2599:
2582:
2557:
2540:
2534:
2520:Hudson, Michael
2518:
2512:
2499:
2478:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2440:Further reading
2437:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2388:Washington Post
2381:
2380:
2376:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2206:Piketty, Thomas
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1838:CNN Philippines
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1677:10.2307/2010401
1658:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1638:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1581:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1513:. Los Angeles:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1406:C. Wright Mills
1401:The Power Elite
1355:Minoritarianism
1301:Politics portal
1299:
1292:
1289:
1277:
1203:
1193:
1181:
1175:
1158:Velayat-e-Faqih
1145:
1143:Velayat-e-faqih
1137:Main articles:
1135:
1114:
1108:
1084:Rodrigo Duterte
1069:
1063:
1061:The Philippines
1048:
1025:
1006:
985:
983:Minoritarianism
979:
974:
919:power structure
853:
815:
810:
809:
796:Democratisation
789:Autocratization
765:
757:
756:
755:
712:
673:
652:Tributary state
642:Satellite state
597:
567:
566:Power structure
559:
558:
510:
509:
491:
462:
448:
439:Totalitarianism
389:
388:
370:
321:
320:
301:
293:
292:
287:
263:
255:
220:
212:
143:
135:
82:
73:
72:Source of power
50:Basic forms of
44:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5706:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5622:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5384:
5382:Constitutional
5379:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Social justice
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5159:Egalitarianism
5156:
5151:
5149:Contractualism
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5110:
5100:
5090:
5080:
5070:
5060:
5050:
5040:
5030:
5020:
5010:
5000:
4990:
4980:
4970:
4960:
4950:
4940:
4930:
4920:
4910:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:Overton window
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Libertarianism
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:Endowment size
3119:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:Richest royals
3044:
3039:
3034:
3025:
3023:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2664:
2663:External links
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:978-1107005280
2653:
2637:
2626:
2621:978-1442661165
2620:
2603:
2598:978-0521636490
2597:
2580:
2561:
2556:978-0520029095
2555:
2538:
2533:978-3949546129
2532:
2516:
2511:978-0007356379
2510:
2497:
2476:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2408:
2374:
2333:
2318:
2305:(3): 564–581.
2283:
2257:
2237:Johnson, Simon
2228:
2198:
2169:
2141:
2113:
2082:
2049:
2030:
1995:
1970:
1963:
1945:
1938:
1920:
1895:
1889:978-0691165028
1888:
1855:
1824:
1796:
1768:
1755:
1725:
1706:
1671:(3): 414–450.
1665:World Politics
1651:
1608:Page, Benjamin
1595:
1592:979-8692881076
1579:
1560:(4): 383–411.
1534:
1528:978-0520002531
1527:
1494:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:(1956 book by
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1285:
1276:
1273:
1192:
1189:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1167:Supreme Leader
1134:
1131:
1110:Main article:
1107:
1104:
1065:Main article:
1062:
1059:
1047:
1044:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1005:
1002:
993:Robert Michels
988:colonialism.
981:Main article:
978:
975:
973:
970:
855:
854:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
826:
825:
812:
811:
806:
805:
804:
803:
801:Hybrid regimes
798:
793:
792:
791:
781:
776:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
752:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
732:Regional power
729:
721:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
682:
681:
675:
674:
672:
671:
666:
661:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:Puppet monarch
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
606:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
577:
576:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
555:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
514:
513:
508:
507:
502:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
488:
487:
482:
472:
470:State religion
464:
463:
461:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
393:
392:
387:
386:
381:
375:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Constitutional
338:
333:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
307:
302:
300:Power ideology
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
275:
267:
266:
264:(rule by none)
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
247:
246:
236:
228:
227:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
147:
146:
137:
136:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
116:Representative
113:
108:
103:
98:
90:
89:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
55:
54:
47:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5736:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5637:Shōwa Statism
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5576:Caesaropapism
5574:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5468:Islamic state
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5323:Authoritarian
5317:
5312:
5310:
5305:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5184:Jurisprudence
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5014:Rights of Man
5011:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4924:De re publica
4921:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:20th and 21st
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:18th and 19th
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Nizam al-Mulk
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Republicanism
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:Universities
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3067:Organizations
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Concentration
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:Nouveau riche
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2272:
2271:Rolling Stone
2268:
2261:
2258:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:Belknap Press
2214:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1499:
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1476:
1473:
1469:
1464:
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1457:
1453:
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1433:
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1425:
1423:
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1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1398:
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1368:
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1328:
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1308:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:Benjamin Page
1257:
1253:
1252:Martin Gilens
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1231:Simon Johnson
1227:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1191:United States
1190:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1122:Privatization
1119:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1077:Marcos family
1074:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1033:Major Barbara
1029:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
984:
977:Minority rule
976:
971:
969:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
906:
902:
899:
896:
889:
885:
882:
879:
872:
868:
865:
864:Ancient Greek
861:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
828:
827:
824:
819:
814:
813:
802:
799:
797:
794:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
761:
760:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
719:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:Confederation
686:
685:
684:
683:
680:
676:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
604:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:Unitary state
581:
580:
579:
578:
575:
571:
563:
562:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
494:
486:
485:State atheism
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:Secular state
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:
458:
455:
454:
451:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
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420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
385:
382:
380:
379:Authoritarian
377:
376:
373:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Parliamentary
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
326:
317:
314:
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309:
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297:
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284:
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176:
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171:
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161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
144:(rule by few)
142:
138:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
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92:
91:
86:
81:
77:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5566:
5480:Majoritarian
5453:Police state
5447:
5421:Totalitarian
5386:
5372:Dictatorship
5327:totalitarian
5265:
5164:Elite theory
5112:
5102:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5052:
5042:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4942:
4932:
4922:
4912:
4902:
4201:Guicciardini
4157:Early modern
3980:Philosophers
3930:Open society
3866:Body politic
3736:Distributism
3726:Conservatism
3721:Confucianism
3654:
3640:Gerontocracy
3630:Dictatorship
3584:Sovereignty
3574:Ruling class
3464:Emancipation
3449:Citizenship
3361:
3355:
3347:
3334:
3320:
3312:
3248:Philanthropy
3230:
3029:
2955:Distribution
2932:Robber baron
2909:
2841:Veblen goods
2836:Luxury goods
2825:
2816:
2779:
2644:
2631:
2607:
2588:
2568:
2564:
2542:
2523:
2501:
2484:
2480:
2448:
2425:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2387:
2377:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2302:
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2245:The Atlantic
2244:
2239:(May 2009).
2231:
2209:
2201:
2189:. Retrieved
2182:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2154:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2126:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2098:
2091:Herbert, Bob
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2068:
2062:
2052:
2043:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2008:
1998:
1988:28 September
1986:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1954:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1913:28 September
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1867:
1858:
1848:19 September
1846:. Retrieved
1842:the original
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1809:
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1784:Philstar.com
1783:
1760:, retrieved
1738:
1728:
1709:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1646:
1639:. Retrieved
1619:
1615:
1598:
1582:
1557:
1553:
1508:
1492:democracy'."
1487:
1475:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1399:
1325:Dictatorship
1278:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1239:Jimmy Carter
1236:
1228:
1224:
1209:
1182:
1156:
1146:
1115:
1081:
1070:
1049:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1007:
990:
986:
959:
911:
908:
901:
894:
891:
884:
877:
874:
867:
859:
858:
737:Middle power
664:Vassal state
658:Buffer state
656:
632:Puppet state
627:Protectorate
603:Client state
593:Principality
419:Distributism
361:Presidential
239:Dictatorship
163:Gerontocracy
140:
85:rule by many
58:
42:Part of the
36:
5620:Imperialism
5586:Enlightened
5540:Pinochetism
5428:Mafia state
5399:Proletarian
5388:Dictablanda
5038:(1835–1840)
4918:(c. 350 BC)
4908:(c. 375 BC)
4525:Tocqueville
4490:Saint-Simon
4455:Montesquieu
4306:Bolingbroke
4238:Machiavelli
4118:Ibn Khaldun
4083:Alpharabius
4076:Middle Ages
3901:Natural law
3876:Common good
3801:Nationalism
3761:Imperialism
3731:Corporatism
3706:Colonialism
3686:Agrarianism
3665:Technocracy
3645:Meritocracy
3625:Bureaucracy
3615:Aristocracy
3314:Das Kapital
3183:by category
2905:Millionaire
2871:Billionaire
2829:(old money)
2826:Vieux riche
2820:(new money)
2811:Upper class
2675:Oligarchies
2417:"Oligarchy"
2009:TomDispatch
1874:. pp.
1517:. pp.
1480:"ὀλιγαρχία"
1417:Stratocracy
1345:Meritocracy
1340:Kleptocracy
1310:Aristocracy
1071:During the
966:aristocracy
742:Great power
727:Small power
669:Viceroyalty
540:Nationalism
404:Colonialism
384:Libertarian
346:Directorial
223:rule by one
203:Technocracy
198:Stratocracy
178:Meritocracy
168:Kleptocracy
158:Aristocracy
5708:Categories
5658:Deep state
5518:Khomeinism
5496:Ideologies
5438:Ochlocracy
5404:Right-wing
5377:Benevolent
5331:government
5246:Separatism
5054:On Liberty
4954:The Prince
4683:Huntington
4186:Campanella
4113:al-Ghazali
4062:Thucydides
4020:Lactantius
3965:Statolatry
3791:Monarchism
3771:Liberalism
3696:Capitalism
3679:Ideologies
3660:Plutocracy
3608:Government
3564:Revolution
3549:Propaganda
3499:Legitimacy
3474:Government
3386:by country
3335:Superclass
2980:Management
2790:Plutocracy
2577:3515076808
2224:067443000X
1983:Al Jazeera
1439:References
1422:Synarchism
1385:Plutocracy
1380:Parasitism
1229:Economist
1139:Khomeinism
1116:Since the
1082:President
878:oligarkhía
862:(from
747:Superpower
703:Superstate
698:Federation
693:Devolution
679:Federalism
520:City-state
193:Plutocracy
188:Particracy
52:government
18:Oligarchic
5714:Oligarchy
5688:Strongman
5581:Despotism
5557:Stalinism
5513:Francoism
5508:Chiangism
5463:Theocracy
5448:Oligarchy
5350:Autocracy
5329:forms of
4964:Leviathan
4944:Monarchia
4938:(c. 1274)
4773:Oakeshott
4718:Mansfield
4713:Luxemburg
4698:Kropotkin
4593:Bernstein
4546:centuries
4460:Nietzsche
4403:Jefferson
4331:Condorcet
4279:centuries
4258:Pufendorf
4123:Marsilius
4010:Confucius
3995:Aristotle
3988:Antiquity
3916:Noble lie
3836:Third Way
3831:Socialism
3756:Feudalism
3711:Communism
3691:Anarchism
3670:Theocracy
3655:Oligarchy
3635:Democracy
3620:Autocracy
3534:Pluralism
3519:Obedience
3484:Hierarchy
3444:Authority
3219:Affluenza
3110:Charities
2975:Inherited
2970:Geography
2925:Ukrainian
2795:Plutonomy
2785:Overclass
2780:Oligarchy
2645:Oligarchy
2526:. Islet.
2473:153769623
2396:0190-8286
2369:2053-1680
2250:17 August
2075:17 August
2023:17 August
1701:154855272
1685:1086-3338
1636:144432999
1432:Timocracy
1427:Theocracy
1412:Polyarchy
1370:Oligopoly
1365:Netocracy
1320:Despotism
1127:president
1096:Dennis Uy
962:Aristotle
957:control.
951:political
947:religious
943:corporate
939:education
921:in which
871:ὀλιγαρχία
860:Oligarchy
574:Unitarism
550:Globalism
456:Religious
444:Tribalism
434:Socialism
429:Feudalism
414:Despotism
409:Communism
399:Anarchism
336:Communist
283:Stateless
273:Anarchism
234:Despotism
218:Autocracy
208:Theocracy
173:Kritarchy
141:Oligarchy
126:Socialist
80:Democracy
32:Oligopoly
5646:See also
5523:Putinism
5394:Military
5219:Centrism
4914:Politics
4904:Republic
4873:Voegelin
4853:Spengler
4838:Shariati
4813:Rothbard
4768:Nussbaum
4668:Habermas
4643:Fukuyama
4633:Foucault
4558:Ambedkar
4535:Voltaire
4505:de Staël
4480:Rousseau
4361:Franklin
4336:Constant
4296:Beccaria
4128:Muhammad
4108:Gelasius
4093:Averroes
4067:Xenophon
4047:Polybius
4000:Chanakya
3845:Concepts
3811:Populism
3781:Localism
3766:Islamism
3751:Feminism
3650:Monarchy
3554:Property
3544:Progress
3509:Monopoly
3479:Hegemony
3381:Category
2995:Religion
2985:National
2960:Dynastic
2915:Business
2910:Oligarch
2898:Business
2720:Concepts
2711:Extreme
2643:(2011).
2587:(1998).
2567:Historia
2522:(2023).
2487:: 1–29.
2208:(2014).
2191:10 March
2162:11 March
2134:10 March
2106:10 March
2013:Truthout
1866:(2017).
1641:12 March
1610:(2009).
1574:56232563
1452:"ὀλίγος"
1360:Nepotism
1287:See also
1220:senators
955:military
927:nobility
622:Dominion
351:Legalist
331:Absolute
316:Republic
311:Monarchy
183:Noocracy
153:Anocracy
106:Economic
96:Demarchy
5683:Statism
5603:Fascism
5475:Tyranny
5355:Tsarist
5256:Statism
5169:Elitism
5127:Related
4928:(51 BC)
4858:Strauss
4833:Scruton
4828:Schmitt
4818:Russell
4738:Michels
4733:Maurras
4728:Marcuse
4688:Kautsky
4658:Gramsci
4653:Gentile
4623:Dworkin
4613:Du Bois
4608:Dmowski
4603:Chomsky
4598:Burnham
4583:Benoist
4553:Agamben
4520:Thoreau
4510:Stirner
4500:Spencer
4445:Mazzini
4435:Maistre
4430:Madison
4425:Le Play
4356:Fourier
4321:Carlyle
4301:Bentham
4291:Bastiat
4286:Bakunin
4263:Spinoza
4253:Müntzer
4223:Leibniz
4196:Grotius
4176:Bossuet
4143:Plethon
4088:Aquinas
4057:Sun Tzu
4025:Mencius
4015:Han Fei
3786:Marxism
3746:Fascism
3579:Society
3504:Liberty
3489:Justice
3469:Freedom
3280:Sayings
3203:Related
2920:Russian
2893:Magnate
2493:1412783
2427:21 July
2401:14 July
2276:14 July
1880:222–223
1720:4032259
1693:2010401
1519:681–683
1173:Ukraine
764:Related
459:Secular
424:Fascism
261:Anarchy
251:Tyranny
111:Liberal
5625:Nazism
5562:Maoism
5528:Ziaism
5118:(1992)
5108:(1971)
5098:(1951)
5088:(1945)
5078:(1944)
5068:(1929)
5058:(1859)
5048:(1848)
5028:(1820)
5018:(1791)
5008:(1790)
4998:(1762)
4988:(1748)
4978:(1689)
4968:(1651)
4958:(1532)
4948:(1313)
4878:Walzer
4868:Taylor
4823:Sartre
4788:Popper
4783:Pareto
4778:Ortega
4763:Nozick
4753:Mouffe
4703:Laclau
4663:Guénon
4648:Gandhi
4588:Berlin
4578:Bauman
4573:Badiou
4563:Arendt
4530:Tucker
4420:Le Bon
4381:Herder
4371:Haller
4366:Godwin
4351:Fichte
4346:Engels
4341:Cortés
4311:Bonald
4268:Suárez
4243:Milton
4233:Luther
4206:Hobbes
4191:Filmer
4181:Calvin
4166:Boétie
4159:period
4138:Ockham
4005:Cicero
3806:Nazism
3594:Utopia
3569:Rights
3559:Regime
3529:People
3514:Nation
3356:Wealth
3321:Plutus
3030:Forbes
3021:People
2965:Effect
2942:Wealth
2864:People
2713:wealth
2651:
2618:
2595:
2575:
2553:
2530:
2508:
2491:
2471:
2394:
2367:
2226:p. 514
2222:
1961:
1936:
1886:
1878:&
1817:15 May
1789:15 May
1762:15 May
1753:
1718:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1634:
1590:
1572:
1525:
1468:"ἄρχω"
1199:, and
1088:Ayalas
935:wealth
895:olígos
888:ὀλίγος
588:Empire
500:Global
131:Others
121:Social
101:Direct
5568:Juche
5338:Forms
5267:Index
4896:Works
4883:Weber
4848:Spann
4843:Sorel
4808:Röpke
4803:Rawls
4758:Negri
4748:Mosca
4743:Mises
4708:Lenin
4678:Hoppe
4673:Hayek
4638:Fromm
4628:Evola
4618:Dugin
4515:Taine
4495:Smith
4475:Renan
4470:Paine
4391:Iqbal
4376:Hegel
4326:Comte
4316:Burke
4228:Locke
4218:James
4171:Bodin
4103:Dante
4098:Bruni
4052:Shang
4035:Plato
3589:State
3539:Power
3524:Peace
3459:Elite
3437:Terms
3306:Media
3141:Other
3013:Lists
2990:Paper
2886:UHNWI
2775:Elite
2469:S2CID
2453:(PDF)
1697:S2CID
1689:JSTOR
1632:S2CID
1570:S2CID
1550:(PDF)
1275:China
972:Types
953:, or
941:, or
923:power
912:árkhō
866:
505:Local
5591:Soft
5485:Soft
5325:and
4798:Rand
4793:Qutb
4693:Kirk
4568:Aron
4485:Sade
4465:Owen
4450:Mill
4440:Marx
4408:Kant
4386:Hume
4248:More
4148:Wang
4030:Mozi
3454:Duty
3341:List
2649:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2573:ISBN
2551:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2489:SSRN
2429:2023
2403:2024
2392:ISSN
2365:ISSN
2278:2024
2252:2012
2220:ISBN
2193:2016
2164:2016
2136:2016
2108:2016
2077:2012
2025:2012
1990:2023
1959:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1915:2023
1884:ISBN
1850:2023
1819:2022
1791:2022
1764:2022
1751:ISBN
1716:SSRN
1681:ISSN
1643:2022
1588:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1279:The
1258:and
1163:Shia
1147:The
1141:and
1133:Iran
1090:and
1053:and
931:fame
905:ἄρχω
5630:Neo
5613:Neo
5608:Eco
4863:Sun
4723:Mao
3599:War
3494:Law
3000:Tax
2461:doi
2355:doi
2330:Vox
2307:doi
2071:(2)
1908:BBC
1743:doi
1673:doi
1624:doi
1562:doi
1262:of
1254:of
1098:of
5710::
2614:.
2610:.
2549:.
2545:.
2485:19
2483:.
2467:,
2459:,
2455:,
2419:.
2390:.
2386:.
2363:.
2349:.
2345:.
2303:12
2301:.
2295:.
2269:.
2243:.
2218:.
2181:.
2153:.
2125:.
2097:.
2067:.
2061:.
2042:.
2011:.
2007:.
1981:.
1906:.
1882:.
1876:51
1870:.
1836:.
1808:.
1782:.
1771:^
1749:,
1737:,
1695:.
1687:.
1679:.
1669:43
1667:.
1663:.
1645:.
1630:.
1618:.
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