166:
3677:
3707:
3717:
3743:
62:
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462:; these are methods by which suspicious neoplastic growths can be removed in part or in whole, and evaluated by a pathologist to determine malignancy. This is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of cancer and is crucial in guiding the next step in management (active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these)
3755:
594:, Occasionally, when the tumor has invaded a structure that cannot be operated upon without risking the patient's life. Occasionally surgery can improve survival even if not all tumour tissue has been removed; the procedure is referred to as "debulking" (i.e. reducing the overall amount of tumour tissue). Surgery is also used for the
738:
These issues are closely related to the patient's personality, religion, culture, and family life. Though these issues are complex and emotional, the answers are often achieved by the patient seeking counsel from trusted personal friends and advisors. It requires a degree of sensitivity and very good
692:
has matured into a separate, closely allied specialty to address the problems associated with advanced disease. Palliative care is an essential part of the multidisciplinary cancer care team. Palliative care services may be less hospital-based than oncology, with nurses and doctors who are able to
612:
therapy, i.e. when the macroscopic tumor has already been completely removed surgically but there is a reasonable statistical risk that it will recur. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly used for palliation, where disease is clearly incurable: in this situation the aim is to improve the
664:
with radical treatment. For pediatric patients, that number is much higher. A large number of cancer patients will die from the disease, and a significant proportion of patients with incurable cancer will die of other causes. There may be ongoing issues with symptom control associated with
549:
On very rare occasions, a metastatic lump or pathological lymph node is found (typically in the neck) for which a primary tumor cannot be found. However, immunohistochemical markers often give a strong indication of the primary malignancy. This situation is referred to as
545:
and to guide the next step of treatment. On extremely rare instances when this is not possible, "empirical therapy" (without an exact diagnosis) may be considered, based on the available evidence (e.g. history, x-rays and scans.)
1851:
Shaw, Peter H.; Reed, Damon R.; Yeager, Nicholas; Zebrack, Bradley; Castellino, Sharon M.; Bleyer, Archie (April 2015). "Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology in the United States: A Specialty in Its Late
Adolescence".
589:
entirely. This is only feasible when there is some degree of certainty that the tumor can in fact be removed. When it is certain that parts will remain, curative surgery is often impossible, e.g. when there are
1503:
Manganaris, Argyris; Black, Myles; Balfour, Alistair; Hartley, Christopher; Jeannon, Jean-Pierre; Simo, Ricard (2009-07-01). "Sub-specialty training in head and neck surgical oncology in the
European Union".
767:
have completely changed the understanding of cancers. Identification of novel genetic/molecular markers will change the methods of diagnosis and treatment, paving the way for personalized medicine.
779:
598:
treatment of some cancers, e.g. to relieve biliary obstruction, or to relieve the problems associated with some cerebral tumors. The risks of surgery must be weighed against the benefits.
1208:
2378:
1122:
471:
945:
770:
Therapeutic trials often involve patients from many different hospitals in a particular region. In the UK, patients are often enrolled in large studies coordinated by
1397:
1214:
Clinical guideline 104: Metastatic malignant disease of unknown primary origin: Diagnosis and management of metastatic malignant disease of unknown primary origin
1173:
1052:
1322:
1423:
468:, either upper or lower gastrointestinal, cystoscopy, bronchoscopy, or nasendoscopy; to localise areas suspicious for malignancy and biopsy when necessary.
3206:
497:
3547:
303:
297:
3146:
747:
There is a tremendous amount of research being conducted on all frontiers of oncology, ranging from cancer cell biology, and radiation therapy to
1087:
2388:
1082:
1062:
3446:
939:
2257:
Meyerson, Matthew; Gabriel, Stacey; Getz, Gad (2010). "Advances in understanding cancer genomes through second-generation sequencing".
3582:
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145:
3700:
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and other signs) may warrant further investigation for malignancy. Occasionally, a physical examination may find the location of a
562:
Depending upon the cancer identified, follow-up and palliative care will be administered at that time. Certain disorders (such as
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783:
551:
1119:
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3006:
1057:
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83:
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685:. Not all issues are strictly physical: personal dignity may be affected. Moral and spiritual issues are also important.
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Medical histories remain an important screening tool: the character of the complaints and nonspecific symptoms (such as
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1165:
98:
1311:
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1612:
Mulder, Chris Jacob Johan; Peeters, Marc; Cats, Annemieke; Dahele, Anna; Droste, Jochim
Terhaar sive (2011-03-07).
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963:
Pain & Palliative oncology: focuses on treatment of end stage cancer to help alleviate pain and suffering.
3377:
3351:
2793:
2757:
2695:
1954:
Vijaykumar, D. K.; Anupama, R.; Gorasia, Tejal Kishor; Beegum, T. R. Haleema; Gangadharan, P. (2012-01-01).
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437:
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2472:"NCCN - Evidence-Based Cancer Guidelines, Oncology Drug Compendium, Oncology Continuing Medical Education"
2407:
112:
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of the relatives of patients (in types of cancer that are thought to have a hereditary basis, such as
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682:
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972:
Nuclear medicine oncology: focuses on diagnosis and treatment of cancer with radiopharmaceuticals.
3610:
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3266:
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3011:
2989:
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957:
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862:
771:
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678:
674:
425:
285:
216:
38:
2337:
Mardis, Elaine R. (2012). "Applying next-generation sequencing to pancreatic cancer treatment".
995:
is a branch of cardiology that addresses the cardiovascular impact of cancer and its treatments.
619:
manipulation is well established, particularly in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer.
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1995:
1977:
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1635:
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1467:
1372:
1364:
951:
856:
48:
909:: focuses on cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, anal canal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
868:
Clinical oncology: focuses on treatment of cancer with both systemic therapies and radiation.
3382:
3367:
3244:
3119:
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2099:
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1985:
1967:
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1817:
1745:
1727:
1680:
1671:
Weber, Kristy L.; Gebhardt, Mark C. (2003-04-01). "What's new in musculoskeletal oncology".
1643:
1625:
1584:
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1513:
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921:: focuses on the medical and surgical treatment of skin, hair, sweat gland, and nail cancers
842:
721:
505:
165:
665:
progressive cancer, and also with the treatment of the disease. These problems may include
554:", and again, treatment is empirically based on past experience of the most likely origin.
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3710:
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3501:
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3424:
3419:
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3341:
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1008:
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882:
752:
717:
689:
388:
188:
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are used as a first-line radical therapy in several malignancies. They are also used for
2398:
Vickers, Andrew (1 March 2004). "Alternative Cancer Cures: "Unproven" or "Disproven"?".
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2215:
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2014:
1990:
1955:
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1715:
1648:
1613:
1589:
1556:
1480:
1445:
1023:
992:
876:
798:
702:
382:
891:: focuses on cancers of oral cavity, nasal cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx.
119:
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3414:
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3211:
3114:
2617:
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900:
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649:
635:
410:
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3441:
3166:
3016:
3001:
2947:
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2286:
838:
789:
The most valued companies worldwide whose leading products are in
Oncology include
748:
739:
communication on the part of the oncology team to address these problems properly.
605:
601:
571:
515:
493:
375:
371:
212:
175:
1940:
1773:
Benedetti-Panici, P.; Angioli, R. (2004-01-01). "Gynecologic oncology specialty".
1865:
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2643:
2566:
2189:
918:
912:
802:
639:
429:
61:
3742:
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2136:
978:: focuses on psychosocial issues on diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.
3462:
3429:
3201:
3151:
3136:
3131:
3124:
3109:
3099:
2826:
2675:
2612:
2576:
2421:
2350:
1916:
1821:
1517:
1396:. Cancer.Net : American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). 2011-05-09.
595:
591:
575:
511:
487:
445:
2144:
2095:
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1981:
1924:
1873:
1829:
1786:
1741:
1692:
1639:
1580:
1525:
1471:
1462:
1368:
660:
Approximately 50% of all cancer cases in the
Western world can be treated to
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3104:
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2845:
2731:
2716:
2597:
2581:
2030:
1972:
1732:
1630:
915:& Musculoskeletal oncology: focuses on cancers of bones and soft tissue.
756:
710:
631:
465:
360:
2429:
2358:
2329:
2278:
2249:
2214:
Watson, Ian R.; Takahashi, Koichi; Futreal, P. Andrew; Chin, Lynda (2013).
2197:
2162:
2056:
1999:
1932:
1903:
Mkrtchyan, L. N. (2010-06-01). "On a new strategy of preventive oncology".
1881:
1794:
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1700:
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1598:
1533:
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17:
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1142:. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007. ISBN 0387310568. Page 1488.
709:
What information to give the patient regarding disease extent/progression/
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2726:
2685:
2670:
2535:
1555:
Harish, Krishnamachar; Kirthi
Koushik, Agrahara Sreenivasa (2015-05-01).
1213:
924:
Genitourinary oncology: focuses on cancers of genital and urinary system.
897:
oncology: focuses on cancers of lung, mediastinum, oesophagus and pleura.
814:
813:(United States) who are active in the treatment areas Kinase inhibitors,
806:
627:
609:
574:, while others will be followed up with regular physical examination and
340:
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260:
31:
1227:
3635:
3095:
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2736:
2721:
1557:"Multidisciplinary teams in thoracic oncology-from tragic to strategic"
645:
616:
582:
531:
527:
367:
171:
1360:
688:
While many of these problems fall within the remit of the oncologist,
2607:
2539:
1420:"What is clinical oncology? | the Royal College of Radiologists"
894:
790:
670:
542:
538:
475:
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433:
394:
344:
324:
2311:
2270:
2231:
1153:
Canine and Feline
Geriatric Oncology: Honoring the Human-Animal Bond
355:), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". Oncology is concerned with:
2087:
343:
that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of
1614:"Digestive oncologist in the gastroenterology training curriculum"
794:
586:
1347:
Kennedy, B. J. (1997-12-01). "Medical oncology as a discipline".
541:) by a pathologist is essential for the proper classification of
2571:
666:
2906:
2507:
2296:"Molecular genetic testing and the future of clinical genomics"
1196:
British
Medical Association Complete Family Health Encyclopedia
705:
questions and dilemmas in oncological practice. These include:
518:, which can increase the suspicion of certain types of cancers.
490:
and other radiological techniques to localise and guide biopsy.
1716:"Genitourinary Oncology: Current Status and Future Challenges"
522:
Apart from diagnoses, these modalities (especially imaging by
55:
2015:"Palliative oncology: identity, progress, and the path ahead"
1808:
Wolff, J. A. (1991-06-01). "History of pediatric oncology".
1282:"European Organisation For Research And Treatment Of Cancer"
948:: focuses on cancers of blood and stem cell transplantation.
2902:
2176:
Ghosh, AK; Walker, JM (2 January 2017). "Cardio-oncology".
27:
Branch of medicine dealing with, or specializing in, cancer
2452:
1956:"Geriatric oncology: The need for a separate subspecialty"
837:
Medical oncology: focuses on the treatment of cancer with
780:
351:. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος (
1281:
47:"Clinical oncology" redirects here. For the journal, see
1256:
1155:. John Wiley & Sons, 2008. ISBN 0470344075. Page 77.
2486:
2471:
930:: focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system.
200:
Medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology
1673:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
969:: focuses on molecular diagnostic methods in oncology.
347:. A medical professional who practices oncology is an
3731:
1209:
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
954:: focuses on epidemiology & prevention of cancer.
936:: concerned with the treatment of cancer in children.
3593:
3531:
3292:
3220:
3175:
3084:
2955:
2940:
2859:
2812:
2770:
2745:
2709:
2631:
2590:
2557:
2550:
1166:"How biopsy procedures are used to diagnose cancer"
622:There is currently a rapid expansion in the use of
312:
271:
266:
254:
242:
237:
205:
195:
183:
86:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2380:The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer
2294:Katsanis, Sara Huston; Katsanis, Nicholas (2013).
2216:"Emerging patterns of somatic mutations in cancer"
1110:. Cengage Learning, 2001. ISBN 0766839346. Page 5.
1960:Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
1446:"Ocular oncology – A multidisciplinary specialty"
865:: focuses on treatment of cancer with radiation.
1129:, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).
2487:"European Society for Medical Oncology | ESMO"
2013:Epstein, A. S.; Morrison, R. S. (2012-04-01).
859:: focuses on treatment of cancer with surgery.
2918:
2519:
1388:
1386:
1053:American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network
8:
984:: focuses on treatment of cancer in animals.
534:possible to remove a tumor in its entirety.
232:
158:
2121:"Update on genomics in veterinary oncology"
1775:European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
960:: focuses on cancers in elderly population.
508:to identify areas suspicious of malignancy.
3207:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
2952:
2925:
2911:
2903:
2554:
2526:
2512:
2504:
1506:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
1312:"Top Global Pharmaceutical Company Report"
498:single photon emission computed tomography
178:, indicated by the asterisk and the arrows
3548:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
2411:
2319:
2239:
2152:
2103:
2046:
1989:
1971:
1749:
1731:
1647:
1629:
1588:
1479:
1461:
940:Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology
304:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
298:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
146:Learn how and when to remove this message
1854:Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
3738:
2474:. National Comprehensive Cancer Network
1099:
652:are the subject of intensive research.
570:) will require immediate admission and
1088:Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy
734:" orders and other end-of-life issues.
537:Currently, a tissue diagnosis (from a
391:of patients with terminal malignancies
231:
157:
1292:from the original on October 28, 2022
1083:National Comprehensive Cancer Network
1063:American Society of Clinical Oncology
363:of any cancer in a person (pathology)
7:
3686:
3447:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
2178:British Journal of Hospital Medicine
1140:Oncology: An Evidence-Based Approach
84:adding citations to reliable sources
3696:
2400:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
2125:Topics in Companion Animal Medicine
1573:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.01.31
1198:. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 1990.
613:quality of life and to prolong it.
3583:Medical Scientist Training Program
2453:"Comprehensive Cancer Information"
2076:American Journal of Human Genetics
2072:"Principles of Molecular Oncology"
1714:Bukowski, Ronald M. (2011-10-10).
1444:Natarajan, Sundaram (2015-02-01).
25:
1810:Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
1618:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1257:"Home - Medical Research Council"
1151:Alice Villalobos, Laurie Kaplan.
397:questions surrounding cancer care
3753:
3741:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3685:
3676:
3675:
1685:10.2106/00004623-200304000-00029
1561:Annals of Translational Medicine
784:National Cancer Research Network
701:There are a number of recurring
164:
60:
3716:
1450:Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
1426:from the original on 2021-08-11
1400:from the original on 2013-06-01
1328:from the original on 2022-03-15
1263:from the original on 2017-09-12
1238:from the original on 2022-12-30
1176:from the original on 2023-06-13
1138:Alfred E. Chang & authors.
903:: focuses on cancers of breast.
751:treatment regimens and optimal
727:Withdrawal of active treatment.
71:needs additional citations for
3573:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
3007:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
2070:Jenkins, Robert (2001-04-01).
1058:American Cancer Society Center
879:: focuses on cancers of brain.
526:) are often used to determine
292:Doctor of Osteopathic medicine
1:
2841:Clonally transmissible cancer
2339:Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
2119:Breen, Matthew (2009-08-01).
873:Sub-specialties in Oncology:
552:malignancy of unknown primary
3553:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
3320:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
1866:10.1097/MPH.0000000000000318
1108:Where Have My Eyebrows Gone?
885:: focuses on cancers of eye.
720:, especially in the face of
502:positron emission tomography
451:Diagnostic methods include:
2190:10.12968/hmed.2017.78.1.C11
693:visit the patient at home.
504:(PET) and other methods of
3802:
2872:Index of oncology articles
2137:10.1053/j.tcam.2009.03.002
761:Next-generation sequencing
385:after successful treatment
46:
36:
29:
3671:
2457:National Cancer Institute
2422:10.3322/canjclin.54.2.110
2351:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.126
1917:10.1007/s11064-009-0110-x
1822:10.3109/08880019109033436
1518:10.1007/s00405-008-0832-4
1078:National Cancer Institute
1034:Warburg effect (oncology)
907:Gastrointestinal oncology
834:The four main divisions:
585:is attempted to remove a
329:clinical research centers
163:
3507:Transplantation medicine
3398:Clinical neurophysiology
3315:Obstetric anesthesiology
3235:Interventional radiology
2995:Digestive system surgery
1463:10.4103/0301-4738.154364
889:Head & Neck oncology
776:Medical Research Council
626:treatments, notably for
442:paraneoplastic phenomena
30:Not to be confused with
3378:Intensive care medicine
3352:Mass gathering medicine
3197:Maternal–fetal medicine
2794:Prostate cancer staging
2758:Paraneoplastic syndrome
1973:10.4103/0971-5851.99755
1733:10.3389/fonc.2011.00032
1631:10.3748/wjg.v17.i9.1109
1068:Canadian Cancer Society
1048:American Cancer Society
919:Dermatological oncology
765:whole-genome sequencing
438:fever of unknown origin
2970:Cardiothoracic surgery
2832:Tumor suppressor genes
2799:Gleason grading system
2753:Precancerous condition
1905:Neurochemical Research
1394:"Types of Oncologists"
989:Emerging specialties:
3621:Personalized medicine
3480:Reproductive medicine
3405:Occupational medicine
3359:Evolutionary medicine
2851:Carcinogenic bacteria
2591:Malignant progression
2375:Mukherjee, Siddhartha
2031:10.1093/annonc/mds087
1720:Frontiers in Oncology
743:Progress and research
530:, i.e. whether it is
378:and other modalities)
37:For the journal, see
3641:Traditional medicine
3601:Alternative medicine
3468:Addiction psychiatry
3282:Transfusion medicine
3277:Medical microbiology
3192:Gynecologic oncology
3044:Reproductive surgery
2804:Dukes classification
1288:. January 17, 2017.
1228:"Cancer Research UK"
1120:Types of Oncologists
1106:Maureen McCutcheon.
1029:Tumour heterogeneity
1014:Comparative oncology
928:Gynecologic oncology
823:Radiopharmaceuticals
811:Bristol-Myers Squibb
280:Doctor of Philosophy
174:showing a malignant
80:improve this article
3786:Medical specialties
3663:History of medicine
3646:Veterinary medicine
3453:Preventive medicine
3305:Adolescent medicine
3147:Infectious diseases
2623:Sentinel lymph node
982:Veterinary oncology
952:Preventive oncology
624:monoclonal antibody
234:
160:
3611:Molecular oncology
3568:Doctor of Medicine
3558:Master of Medicine
3475:Radiation oncology
3347:Emergency medicine
3300:Addiction medicine
3267:Clinical chemistry
3262:Clinical pathology
3054:Transplant surgery
3012:Orthopedic surgery
2990:Colorectal surgery
2671:Respiratory system
2025:(Suppl 3): 43–48.
2019:Annals of Oncology
1232:Cancer Research UK
1125:2017-07-26 at the
1073:Cancer Research UK
967:Molecular oncology
958:Geriatric oncology
934:Pediatric oncology
863:Radiation oncology
809:(Switzerland) and
805:(United Kingdom),
772:Cancer Research UK
732:Do Not Resuscitate
681:, immobility, and
406:of populations, or
286:Doctor of Medicine
273:Education required
3729:
3728:
3563:Master of Surgery
3527:
3526:
3512:Tropical medicine
3458:Prison healthcare
3373:Hospital medicine
3337:Disaster medicine
3327:Aviation medicine
3142:Hospital medicine
3049:Surgical oncology
3034:Pediatric surgery
3028:
2975:Endocrine surgery
2900:
2899:
2887:Cancer and nausea
2766:
2765:
2603:Carcinoma in situ
2390:978-0-00-725092-9
2383:. Fourth Estate.
1361:10.1159/000227603
1321:. November 2021.
857:Surgical oncology
801:(United States),
793:(United States),
334:
333:
230:
229:
156:
155:
148:
130:
50:Clinical Oncology
16:(Redirected from
3793:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3719:
3718:
3709:
3699:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3383:Medical genetics
3368:General practice
3245:Nuclear medicine
3120:Gastroenterology
3076:Vascular surgery
3026:
2953:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2701:Endocrine system
2666:Digestive system
2555:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2441:
2415:
2394:
2370:
2333:
2323:
2290:
2253:
2243:
2202:
2201:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1975:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1735:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1633:
1624:(9): 1109–1115.
1609:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1512:(7): 1005–1010.
1500:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1465:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1019:Oncology nursing
851:hormonal therapy
843:targeted therapy
722:terminal illness
506:nuclear medicine
256:Activity sectors
235:
209:
168:
161:
151:
144:
140:
137:
131:
129:
88:
64:
56:
21:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3740:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3667:
3656:Chief physician
3589:
3534:
3523:
3517:Travel medicine
3502:Sports medicine
3485:Sexual medicine
3425:Palliative care
3420:Pain management
3364:Family medicine
3342:Diving medicine
3288:
3216:
3178:
3171:
3087:
3080:
3039:Plastic surgery
2985:General surgery
2965:Cardiac surgery
2946:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2901:
2896:
2855:
2808:
2762:
2741:
2705:
2627:
2586:
2546:
2532:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2448:
2413:10.1.1.521.2180
2397:
2391:
2373:
2336:
2312:10.1038/nrg3493
2293:
2271:10.1038/nrg2841
2265:(10): 685–696.
2256:
2232:10.1038/nrg3539
2226:(10): 703–718.
2213:
2210:
2208:Further reading
2205:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:The Pharma 1000
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1234:. 10 May 2021.
1226:
1225:
1221:
1217:. London, 2010.
1207:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1133:
1127:Wayback Machine
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1038:
1009:Cancer research
1004:
976:Psycho-oncology
946:Hemato oncology
901:Breast oncology
883:Ocular oncology
831:
819:Immuno-oncology
797:(Switzerland),
782:(EORTC) or the
753:palliative care
745:
718:clinical trials
699:
690:palliative care
658:
656:Palliative care
650:immunotherapies
560:
422:
389:Palliative care
383:cancer patients
339:is a branch of
317:
315:
274:
257:
245:
244:Occupation type
207:
189:Cancerous tumor
179:
152:
141:
135:
132:
89:
87:
77:
65:
54:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3799:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3750:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3594:Related topics
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:Medical school
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Sleep medicine
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3310:Anesthesiology
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3240:Neuroradiology
3237:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:Obstetrics and
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3059:Trauma surgery
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3022:Otolaryngology
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2948:subspecialties
2938:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2814:Carcinogenesis
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2696:Nervous system
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:nasopharyngeal
2656:
2651:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2483:
2468:
2459:. January 1980
2447:
2446:External links
2444:
2443:
2442:
2406:(2): 110–118.
2395:
2389:
2371:
2345:(8): 477–486.
2334:
2306:(6): 415–426.
2291:
2254:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2184:(1): C11–C13.
2168:
2131:(3): 113–121.
2111:
2088:10.1086/319526
2062:
2005:
1966:(2): 134–136.
1946:
1911:(6): 868–874.
1895:
1860:(3): 161–169.
1843:
1800:
1765:
1706:
1679:(4): 761–767.
1663:
1604:
1547:
1495:
1436:
1411:
1382:
1355:(6): 459–462.
1339:
1303:
1273:
1248:
1219:
1201:
1186:
1157:
1144:
1131:
1112:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Oncometabolism
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
996:
993:Cardiooncology
987:
986:
985:
979:
973:
970:
964:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
877:Neuro-oncology
871:
870:
869:
866:
860:
854:
830:
827:
744:
741:
736:
735:
728:
725:
714:
698:
697:Ethical issues
695:
657:
654:
559:
556:
520:
519:
509:
491:
469:
463:
432:, unexplained
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
414:
407:
398:
392:
386:
379:
366:Therapy (e.g.
364:
332:
331:
318:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
275:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
258:
255:
252:
251:
246:
243:
240:
239:
228:
227:
210:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
185:
181:
180:
169:
154:
153:
68:
66:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3798:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3722:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:Public health
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Allied health
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:Oral medicine
3413:
3411:
3410:Ophthalmology
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Cytopathology
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3212:Urogynecology
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Endocrinology
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:oropharyngeal
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:Head and neck
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Primary tumor
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2559:Benign tumors
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2473:
2469:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:Nat Rev Genet
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:Nat Rev Genet
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:Nat Rev Genet
2217:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
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1194:"Endoscopy".
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847:immunotherapy
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637:
636:breast cancer
633:
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516:tumor markers
513:
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411:breast cancer
408:
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387:
384:
381:Follow-up of
380:
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214:
213:Tumor markers
211:
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97: –
96:
92:
91:Find sources:
85:
81:
75:
74:
69:This article
67:
63:
58:
57:
52:
51:
43:
41:
33:
19:
3631:Rural health
3616:Nanomedicine
3167:Rheumatology
3156:
3098: /
3017:Hand surgery
3002:Neurosurgery
2543:
2534:Overview of
2494:. Retrieved
2491:www.esmo.org
2490:
2476:. Retrieved
2461:. Retrieved
2456:
2403:
2399:
2379:
2342:
2338:
2303:
2299:
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2181:
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2128:
2124:
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2079:
2075:
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2022:
2018:
2008:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1816:(2): 89–91.
1813:
1809:
1803:
1781:(1): 25–26.
1778:
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1621:
1617:
1607:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1352:
1348:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1318:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1265:. Retrieved
1251:
1240:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1169:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1115:
1107:
1102:
839:chemotherapy
788:
769:
749:chemotherapy
746:
737:
700:
687:
659:
644:
621:
615:
606:radiotherapy
602:Chemotherapy
600:
580:
572:chemotherapy
561:
548:
536:
521:
514:, including
494:Scintigraphy
484:MRI scanning
450:
423:
376:radiotherapy
372:chemotherapy
352:
348:
336:
335:
206:Significant
199:
196:Subdivisions
187:
176:mesothelioma
142:
133:
123:
116:
109:
102:
90:
78:Please help
73:verification
70:
49:
39:
3701:Wikiproject
3490:Venereology
3435:Neonatology
3332:Dermatology
3187:Gynaecology
3179:gynaecology
3162:Pulmonology
2980:Eye surgery
2942:Specialties
2882:Cancer pain
2822:Cancer cell
2567:Hyperplasia
2082:(4): 1068.
1332:29 December
1170:Mayo Clinic
829:Specialties
803:AstraZeneca
778:(MRC), the
757:pain relief
716:Entry into
640:Trastuzumab
576:blood tests
528:operability
524:CT scanning
512:Blood tests
480:CT scanning
430:weight loss
267:Description
217:TNM staging
18:Oncological
3770:Categories
3463:Psychiatry
3449:(PM&R)
3442:Phlebology
3430:Pediatrics
3257:Anatomical
3222:Diagnostic
3202:Obstetrics
3152:Nephrology
3137:Hematology
3132:Geriatrics
3125:Hepatology
3110:Cardiology
3100:Immunology
2827:Carcinogen
2691:Urogenital
2632:Topography
2613:Metastasis
2577:Pseudocyst
2551:Conditions
2496:2016-01-16
2478:2016-01-16
2463:2016-01-16
1430:2021-08-11
1267:2004-03-29
1242:2022-12-30
1180:2023-06-13
1095:References
815:Antibodies
683:depression
648:and other
596:palliative
592:metastases
532:surgically
488:ultrasound
472:Mammograms
446:malignancy
349:oncologist
316:employment
300:(M.B.B.S.)
238:Occupation
233:Oncologist
170:A coronal
106:newspapers
95:"Oncology"
3651:Physician
3535:education
3393:Neurology
3388:Narcology
3252:Pathology
3230:Radiology
3105:Angiology
3069:Andrology
2846:Oncovirus
2836:oncogenes
2789:Ann Arbor
2732:Papilloma
2717:Carcinoma
2710:Histology
2654:laryngeal
2598:Dysplasia
2582:Hamartoma
2408:CiteSeerX
2145:1938-9736
2096:0002-9297
2039:1569-8041
1982:0971-5851
1925:1573-6903
1874:1536-3678
1830:0888-0018
1787:0392-2936
1742:2234-943X
1693:0021-9355
1640:1007-9327
1581:2305-5839
1567:(7): 89.
1526:1434-4726
1472:0301-4738
1456:(2): 91.
1369:0030-2414
711:prognosis
662:remission
632:Rituximab
500:(SPECT),
466:Endoscopy
460:resection
420:Diagnosis
403:efforts:
401:Screening
361:diagnosis
321:Hospitals
314:Fields of
249:Specialty
136:July 2022
42:(journal)
3776:Oncology
3760:Medicine
3681:Category
3157:Oncology
3088:medicine
3086:Internal
2934:Medicine
2867:Research
2727:Blastoma
2544:oncology
2438:35124492
2430:15061600
2377:(2011).
2359:22751458
2330:23681062
2279:20847746
2250:24022702
2198:28067553
2163:19732729
2057:22628415
2000:22988358
1933:20119639
1890:27695404
1882:25757020
1795:15053057
1760:22649760
1701:12672857
1658:21556128
1599:26015931
1542:20700214
1534:19015865
1490:25827536
1424:Archived
1398:Archived
1349:Oncology
1323:Archived
1296:March 2,
1290:Archived
1261:Archived
1236:Archived
1174:Archived
1123:Archived
1002:See also
895:Thoracic
807:Novartis
786:(NCRN).
774:(CRUK),
675:anorexia
646:Vaccines
628:lymphoma
610:adjuvant
341:medicine
337:Oncology
261:Medicine
221:CT scans
159:Oncology
40:Oncology
32:Ontology
3748:Biology
3734:Portals
3721:Outline
3691:Commons
3636:Therapy
3533:Medical
3096:Allergy
3064:Urology
2957:Surgery
2877:History
2776:grading
2772:Staging
2737:Adenoma
2722:Sarcoma
2367:9981262
2321:4461364
2287:2544266
2241:4014352
2154:2754151
2105:1275628
2048:3493143
1991:3439792
1838:1863546
1751:3355990
1649:3063902
1590:4430737
1481:4399140
1377:9394841
703:ethical
679:fatigue
617:Hormone
583:surgery
581:Often,
558:Therapy
426:fatigue
395:Ethical
368:surgery
325:clinics
306:(MBChB)
282:(Ph.D.)
172:CT scan
120:scholar
3781:Cancer
3711:Portal
3578:MD–PhD
2608:Cancer
2540:cancer
2536:tumors
2436:
2428:
2410:
2387:
2365:
2357:
2328:
2318:
2285:
2277:
2248:
2238:
2196:
2161:
2151:
2143:
2102:
2094:
2055:
2045:
2037:
1998:
1988:
1980:
1941:582313
1939:
1931:
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1888:
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1726:: 32.
1699:
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1524:
1488:
1478:
1470:
1404:25 May
1375:
1367:
849:, and
791:Pfizer
671:nausea
634:) and
543:cancer
539:biopsy
476:X-rays
456:Biopsy
434:anemia
345:cancer
294:(D.O.)
288:(M.D.)
122:
115:
108:
101:
93:
3293:Other
2860:Misc.
2746:Other
2686:Blood
2434:S2CID
2363:S2CID
2283:S2CID
1937:S2CID
1886:S2CID
1538:S2CID
1326:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1286:EORTC
799:Merck
795:Roche
587:tumor
353:ónkos
208:tests
184:Focus
127:JSTOR
113:books
2892:Diet
2681:Skin
2676:Bone
2644:oral
2572:Cyst
2542:and
2426:PMID
2385:ISBN
2355:PMID
2326:PMID
2275:PMID
2246:PMID
2194:PMID
2159:PMID
2141:ISSN
2092:ISSN
2053:PMID
2035:ISSN
1996:PMID
1978:ISSN
1929:PMID
1921:ISSN
1878:PMID
1870:ISSN
1834:PMID
1826:ISSN
1791:PMID
1783:ISSN
1756:PMID
1738:ISSN
1697:PMID
1689:ISSN
1677:85-A
1654:PMID
1636:ISSN
1595:PMID
1577:ISSN
1530:PMID
1522:ISSN
1486:PMID
1468:ISSN
1406:2013
1373:PMID
1365:ISSN
1334:2022
1298:2020
913:Bone
821:and
763:and
755:and
667:pain
604:and
359:The
99:news
3027:ENT
2945:and
2784:TNM
2418:doi
2347:doi
2316:PMC
2308:doi
2267:doi
2236:PMC
2228:doi
2186:doi
2149:PMC
2133:doi
2100:PMC
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1968:doi
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1644:PMC
1626:doi
1585:PMC
1569:doi
1514:doi
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1476:PMC
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1357:doi
642:).
568:AML
566:or
564:ALL
458:or
225:MRI
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