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although the order did not place any restrictions on airborne emissions of mercury by the company. It was estimated that over 9,000 kg of mercury had been dumped by the company into the
Wabigoon-English river system between 1962 and 1970. The airborne emissions of mercury continued unabated until the company stopped using mercury cells in its chloralkali process in October 1975; the company closed down in 1976.
149:, affectionately called by the local population "Chemical Valley". This First Nation is plagued by numerous chemical affective disorders, including mercury poisoning. Elders in the community recall collecting mercury from the local toxic waste dump by pouring water, then selling the collected mercury on the
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system. In 1970, extensive mercury contamination was discovered in this river system, leading to closure of the commercial fishery and some tourism related businesses. On March 26, 1970, the
Ontario provincial government ordered Dryden Chemical Company to cease dumping mercury into the river system,
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or the "Grassy
Narrows First Nation" and their downstream neighbours, the Wabaseemoong Independent Nations (then known as the "Whitedog Community of the Islington Band of Saulteaux") "sought compensation for loss of jobs and way of life. According to the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs
240:
According to INAC, a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) reached in 1985 between the federal government, the Ontario government, Reed Limited, and Great Lakes Forest Products Ltd. resulted in a one-time compensation payment of $ 16.67 million with the federal government contributing $ 2 million, the
233:(INAC) Ontario Region Communications, "on March 26, 1982, Canada contributed $ 2.2 million to Wabaseemoong for economic development, social and educational programs. Wabaseemoong also signed a settlement with Ontario in January 1983. On July 27, 1984,
245:-based Mercury Disability Fund (MDF) and the Mercury Disability Board. The Government of Ontario held $ 2 million of this settlement in a trust fund which the province is "responsible for replenishing when the balance drops below $ 100,000.
382:
Indigenous peoples' vulnerabilities exposed: Lessons learned from Canada's
Minamata incident: An Environmental analysis based on the case study of methyl-mercury pollution in northwestern Ontario, Canada
478:
Harada, M, Fujino, T, Akagi, T, and
Nishigaki, S. "Epidemiological and clinical study and historical background of mercury pollution on Indian Reservations in Northwestern Ontario, Canada".
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556:"Chief says mercury still leaking from mill near Grassy Narrows - According to Chief Simon Fobister, a new report suggests there is ongoing contamination from the Dryden, Ont., mill"
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Ontario government paying . Through the 1986 "Grassy
Narrows and Islington Indian Bands Mercury Pollution Claims Settlement Act". Through this claims settlement, the
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Health effects continued to be felt, even in young people, in the 21st century. Dumping of drums of mercury which continue to leak is suspected, and field work by
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due to illegal disposal of industrial chemical waste. The disease was named after the infamous case of severe mercury poisoning in the fishing community of
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in a significant number of individuals and above 200 ppb in several others. Symptoms included sensory disturbances, such as narrowing of the
650:, edited by John D. Nichols. The Centre for Research and Teaching of Canadian Native Languages, University of Western Ontario (London, ON: 1988).
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First
Nations populations started to have symptoms of mercury poisoning. Several Japanese doctors who had been involved in studying
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Nevertheless, the community members have seen little of this money, due to conditions on its use and bureaucratic requirements by
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in Japan travelled to Canada to investigate the mercury poisoning in these people. Blood mercury levels were above 100
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contributed $ 4.4 million to Grassy
Narrows for economic development and social service development/planning."
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Aboriginal
Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Fact Sheet: English-Wabigoon River Mercury Compensation
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was the first leader of community when the treaty was signed and mainly wanted education for the community.
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governance system has made it difficult for band councils and chiefs to negotiate for their people.
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Grassy Narrows and Islington Indian Bands Mercury Pollution Claims Settlement Act (1986, c. 23)
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D'ltri, P A; D'ltri, F M (January 1978). "Mercury contamination: A human tragedy".
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388:. JACS Conference 2007: Japanese Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from
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Ningewance, Patricia M., "Summary of Mercury Intoxication: a Translation" in
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455:. Vol. CX16. Quaker Committee for Native Concerns, Toronto, Canada. 1976
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427:"Caught in a toxic web, Canadian natives are alarmed by a shortage of sons"
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Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: The White Dog and Grassy Narrows Story
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252:. Similarly to other First Nations communities, the federal government's
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666:, Yale University Press (March 11, 1985), trade paperback, 276 pages,
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Grassy Narrows & Islington Band Mercury Disability Board web page
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Dryden Chemical Company discharged their effluent directly into the
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A Poison Stronger than Love: The Destruction of an Ojibwa Community
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117:. Both companies were subsidiaries of the British multinational,
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and others continues to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
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because it devastated only the residents of the community.
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Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows, Ontario, Canada
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following consumption of local fish contaminated with
681:; hardcover, Yale University Press (March 11, 1985),
620:"New Socialist: Grassy Narrows: History of the fight"
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774:Royal Assent as of 1986-06-17 - CanLII version
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656:Diagnosis Mercury: Money, Politics and Poison
590:"English-Wabigoon River Mercury Compensation"
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145:(the Chippewas of Sarnia) is located on the
571:"Mercury legacy 'frightening,'commissioner"
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847:Minamata: The Victims and Their World
38:, in 1970, and severely affected two
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515:"The Town Where Mercury Still Rises"
109:that were used in large amounts for
541:"ODSP now covers mercury poisoning"
594:INAC Ontario Region Communications
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876:Environmental disasters in Canada
513:Susan Goldberg (April 19, 2017).
166:In the late 1960s, people in the
881:First Nations history in Ontario
659:, Island Press, 2008, chapter 9.
596:. April 12, 2005. Archived from
206:(poor articulation of speech).
70:Source of the mercury pollution
554:Loriggio, Paola (2017-02-28).
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115:Dryden Pulp and Paper Company
831:1959 compensation agreements
826:Timeline of Minamata disease
569:Forbes, Ryan (2017-10-25).
539:Forbes, Ryan (2018-08-14).
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891:Health disasters in Canada
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50:, and one First Nation in
26:syndrome caused by severe
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708:Grassy Narrows: Still ill
911:1970 disasters in Canada
841:Ontario Minamata disease
836:Niigata Minamata disease
648:An Ojibwe Text Anthology
412:: CS1 maint: location (
323:Environmental Management
293:Niigata Minamata disease
217:Lawsuits and settlements
202:(impaired balance), and
143:Aamjiwnaang First Nation
62:, which became known as
20:Ontario Minamata disease
87:Dryden Chemical Company
770:Justice Canada version
715:CBC Digital Archives:
706:CBC Digital Archives:
760:University of Guelph
662:Shkilnyk, Anestasia,
283:Heavy metal poisoning
273:Environmental justice
30:. It occurred in the
278:Environmental racism
44:Northwestern Ontario
481:Kumamoto University
335:1978EnMan...2....3D
137:Sarnia First Nation
91:chloralkali process
762:THE SCIENCE CORNER
739:Fort Frances Times
519:The New York Times
432:2012-02-09 at the
343:10.1007/BF01866442
119:Reed International
89:began operating a
896:Mercury poisoning
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653:Hightower, Jane,
600:on March 11, 2008
452:Mercury Poisoning
298:Mercury poisoning
28:mercury poisoning
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726:Toronto Star
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748:Indian Life
329:(1): 3–16.
261:Sakatcheway
190:, abnormal
870:Categories
687:0300029977
672:0300033257
630:2007-10-25
488:: 169–184.
459:2007-12-14
399:2007-12-14
304:References
254:Indian Act
204:dysarthria
524:April 19,
359:153666705
351:1432-1009
111:bleaching
93:plant in
85:In 1962,
746:copy of
724:copy of
604:March 5,
430:Archived
267:See also
172:Whitedog
126:Wabigoon
107:chlorine
97:, using
56:Minamata
32:Canadian
764:archive
440:archive
438:AP News
331:Bibcode
48:mercury
36:Ontario
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259:Chief
235:Canada
200:ataxia
196:tremor
186:, and
393:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
355:S2CID
60:Japan
22:is a
772:and
690:ISBN
683:ISBN
675:ISBN
668:ISBN
606:2021
526:2017
500:link
414:link
347:ISSN
226:The
170:and
141:The
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339:doi
180:ppb
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