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153:). For a given optical system, the Lagrange invariant is a constant throughout all space, that is, it is invariant upon
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heights and angles of any two rays. For these rays, the optical invariant is a constant throughout all space.
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is a measure of the light propagating through an optical system. It is defined by
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is a generalization of the
Lagrange invariant which is formed using the
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is proportional to the throughput of the optical system (related to
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Measure of the light propagating through an optical system
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92:{\displaystyle H=n{\overline {u}}y-nu{\overline {y}}}
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115:height and angle respectively, and
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212:Field Guide to Geometrical Optics
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210:Greivenkamp, John E. (2004).
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214:. SPIE Field Guides vol.
183:Smith-Helmholtz invariant
141:may be used in place of
271:-related article is a
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218:. SPIE. p. 28.
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239:Optics Fundamentals
188:Abbe sine condition
327:Geometrical optics
244:2016-01-11 at the
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