862:. They are nonetheless called trio sonatas because they are written in three independent melodic lines, or "voices". To help the audience hear the three different melodic lines, Bach indicated that the trio sonatas should be performed on two separate manuals (organ keyboards), with the bass pedalboard supplying the third, lower part. To further help the audience to hear the different upper melodic lines, organists typically use different
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to fill a bar or club with a volume of sound that would have previously required a much larger ensemble. While bar owners liked this money-saving aspect of the organ trio, the format also had a number of musical advantages. The organ trio was a more intimate, smaller ensemble, which facilitated communication between musicians, and allowed more freedom for spontaneous changes of mood or tempo, and for "stretching out" on extended solos.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, the organ trio became a common musical ensemble in bars and taverns in the US, especially in downtown areas of major cities. Organ trios used the powerful amplified sound of the
Hammond organ, and its ability to fill multiple musical roles (basslines, chords, and lead lines),
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of the organ), playing chords ("comping"), and playing lead melodic lines and solos. In organ trios with a guitarist, the guitarist usually 'fills in' the musical parts that the organist is not performing. For example, if the organist is soloing and playing a bassline, the guitarist may play chords.
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While the term "organ trio" is typically a reference to a type of small ensemble, the term "organ trio" is also used to refer to the musical styles, genres, and tradition of the 1950s/1960s era of organ trio playing. Although the components of the "organ trio tradition" are a subject of debate, the
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Music critics discussing 1990s and 2000s-era organ trios often refer to how a modern-day group is positioned vis-à-vis the "organ trio tradition" of the 1950s and 1960s. For example, John Koenig's review of guitarist Rick
Zunigar's organ trio recordings notes that Zunigar's "...conception of the
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often performed and recorded in organ trios. The "body of work by the leaders in the organ trio idiom in its heyday has been well documented, owing to the fact during that era, based on record sales, the organ groups -- most significantly those led by Jimmy Smith -- represented perhaps the most
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However, this approach can be justified because there are different musical styles and traditions associated with different types of jazz ensembles. As such, if a concert is billed as a jazz quartet (e.g. a saxophone and a rhythm section), the audience has expectations about the repertoire and
366:"ventured into more remote territory, expanding the harmonic palette of the organ trio form". Young pioneered a new approach to playing the Hammond B3. In contrast to Jimmy Smith's blues-influenced soul-jazz style, in which songs were structured over chord progressions, Young favored a
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1950s/1960s organ trio style tends to have more blues influences than other small-group jazz from this era, and it often blurs the lines between blues, R&B, and jazz. As well, organ trios tend to be focused on, or built around the sound of the organ.
822:, said that "...a fine organ trio backing a talented saxophonist" in one of tenor saxophonist David Sills' recordings. Describing these four-musician ensembles as a "trio plus one", instead of as a quartet, may appear to be a misnomer.
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organ trio gives us a present-day look at the genre, filtered through all of the tradition of the past, but also infused with other influences and trends that have their roots in the major jazz movements of the last 30 years."
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musical styles than if a concert is billed as an organ trio with a saxophone. There are specific musical styles, genres, and traditions that are associated with the 1950s/1960s era of organ trio playing (see section above).
737:(drums/percussion) to continue to the present day (as of 2012). Banton, a classically trained organist, has provided the bass from the organ (occasionally playing bass guitar in the studio) since
295:". After Smith's death in 2005, Variety magazine writer Phil Gallo eulogized Smith as a man who "ingle-handedly reinvented the Hammond B3 organ for jazz and created the model for the organ trio".
534:, also explored different kinds of developments from jazz, such as afro-beat, and boogaloo with a strong blues traditional influence, but with the main focus on the Hammond B-3 played by
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player or vocalist. In this case, the group may be billed as "saxophone player and organ trio" or "singer and organ trio." For example, reviewer Dan McClenaghan, from
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In the 1990s and 2000s, there was a revival of organ trios in the Jazz, Blues, Soul and R&B genres. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, before his death in 2005,
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589:-style improvisation. MMW used a variation of the organ trio format, since the band includes Hammond organ, upright bass and drums. The New York organ trio
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in place of the
Hammond organ. Synthesizers allowed musicians to make new electronic sounds that were not possible on the electromechanical Hammond organs.
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709:. The group toured with Steely Dan on their Jamalot Ever After North American tour, and began working in the Chicago area and work on their first album.
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was one organ trio that successfully branched between the changing times between their debut performances in 1970 towards the end of the decade, with
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had an organ trio that included a bass player and a drummer. In some cases, a fourth musician will be added to a traditional organ trio, such as a
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Trio realized that the amplified
Hammond B3 organ "put the power of a full-sized big band in the hands of one musician", with the rotating
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had a comeback, recording albums and playing in clubs. Some groups, such as the organ trio led by the Jimmy Smith-mentored
Hammond player
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Jazz organist Joey
Defrancesco, pictured here in 2002, has recorded albums that recapture the "old school" organ trio sound of the 1960s.
2012:
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organ trio demonstrates that an organ trio can come in different varieties; in place of a sax or electric guitarist, this band has an
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left the band in 1970. Therefore, the Van der Graaf
Generator lineup of 1970-71 (Hammill, Banton, Evans and Jackson) which recorded
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explored the use of organ in jazz ensembles in the 1920s and 1930s, it was not until the late 1940s that
Hammond players such as
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often performed in organ trios, and organ trio recordings often made the R&B and pop charts. Hammond organ players such as
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on drums; Emerson was one of the earliest in moving into synthetic sound. Veteran
Hammond players such as Emerson and
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177:. The organ trio format was characterized by long improvised solos and an exploration of different musical "moods".
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In the 1970s, the 1960s-style organ trios based around a
Hammond organ were eclipsed by the new trend of jazz-rock
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169:. Organ trios were a popular type of jazz ensemble for club and bar settings in the 1950s and 1960s, performing a
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More rarely, an organ trio might consist of a Hammond organist and two jazz guitarists, or a Hammond organist, a
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1099:"Possible Orchestral Tendencies in Registering Johann Sebastian Bach's Organ Music: An Historical Perspective"
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their sound was infused with more African, blues and post-Bop rhythms with focus on the play of both organist
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In organ trios, the Hammond organist plays several roles, including playing the basslines (either on the
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blends funk, progressive rock, fusion, and hard rock into a heavy, riff-laden sound. More rarely, some
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at a show in Italy in 1994; the sax and drumkit of the other trio members can be seen in this picture.
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approach to playing, in which songs were based on musical modes rather than chord progressions.
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melodies. These organ trio sonata compositions are sometimes referred to as "organ trios."
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composers from the 17th century and early 18th century wrote many organ works called
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effectively operated as an "organ trio" beginning in 2006, when saxophonist/flautist
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According to Tom Vicker, the "most famous of the early grinders was Philadelphia's
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was a pioneering band of the fusion movement, combining rock, R&B, and jazz.
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263:-equipped amplified cabinet adding a room-filling, "king-sized sound."
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In the late 1960s, as jazz musicians began to explore the new genre of
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has performed and recorded modern and more traditional jazz, with his
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bands use the organ trio format, such as the UK band led by guitarist
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There were a small number of well-known organ trios during the 1970s.
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pioneered the organ trio format. Musicians such as Davis and the
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747:(1971), could also be viewed as an "organ-trio-plus-saxophone".
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An unusual example of an organ trio-influenced performer is
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began using synthesizers to "update" their sound to the pop-
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mix jazz with a range of different styles such as 1970s
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499:, a Chicago guitar-organ trio, recorded two albums for
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Jazz 101:A Complete Guide to Learning and Loving Jazz
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fusion. In the 1990s and 2000s, organ trios such as
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794:were often less complex than in other jazz styles.
764:The organ trio style has also been associated with
173:-based style of jazz that incorporated elements of
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
725:left, leaving the core of the early-1970s lineup (
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858:are written for a single instrument—the baroque
636:. He performed bass lines on his guitar's three
192:Organ trios of the 1950s and 1960s often played
161:will join a trio which consists of an organist,
1031:BOBBY BROOM'S 11TH ALBUM, TO RELEASE IN AUGUST"
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8:
701:on the Hammond B-3 and alternating drummers
1130:Geoff Alexander's history of the Jazz Organ
291:, and then the "bossest organ swinger yet,
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774:which incorporated strong influences from
429:had a futuristic-sounding organ trio with
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298:During the 1960s, jazz guitarists such as
141:ensemble consisting of three musicians; a
410:on either the guitar or bass guitar, and
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
901:
866:for each manual by selecting different
810:, and a drummer. For example, organist
697:featuring new young Chicago musicians,
601:(the Matt Schofield Trio's organist is
362:, organ trios led by organists such as
668:, in 2004, and drummer Leonard King's
751:Musical style, tradition and variants
689:disbanded in 2013, Chicago guitarist
335:performed a blend of jazz, funk, and
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
656:on drums. These recordings include
632:to emulate the role and sound of a
511:several times. In the tradition of
1068:"MUSIC REVIEW : David Sills,
1001:"The Passing of a Keyboard Legend"
717:The English progressive rock band
386:, Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1978
331:popular genre of jazz". Guitarist
226:became involved in the burgeoning
14:
2714:Album covers of Blue Note Records
1135:7 Come 11, The Hammond Organ Trio
628:, who used a customized 8-string
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835:Baroque-era works for solo organ
204:. 1970s-era organ trios such as
20:
756:As a musical style or tradition
659:Live at Baker's Keyboard Lounge
31:needs additional citations for
2094:Institutions and organizations
913:. Hyperion. pp. 198–199.
433:on Hammond and Moog bass, and
1:
1791:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz
695:The Bobby Broom Organi-Sation
662:in 2001 (released 2004), and
243:While jazz musicians such as
575:Mike Mangan's Big Organ Trio
620:player as the third member.
165:, and drummer, making it a
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944:"Rick Zunigar - Guitarist"
563:Medeski, Martin & Wood
422:styles of the late 1970s.
400:Emerson, Lake & Palmer
384:Emerson, Lake & Palmer
157:player. In some cases the
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2120:See Template: Jazz theory
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1177:
856:Bach's organ trio sonatas
406:on the Hammond B3 organ,
614:Medeski, Martin and Wood
220:Medeski, Martin and Wood
2794:Types of musical groups
1278:Kienle Resonator System
729:(vocals/guitar/piano),
719:Van der Graaf Generator
646:James Carter Organ Trio
530:The Danish organ trio,
328:Richard "Groove" Holmes
909:John F. Szwed (2000).
733:(organ/keyboards) and
670:Extending the Language
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324:Johnny "Hammond" Smith
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1229:Fender Contempo Organ
1106:Dspace.lib.utexas.edu
1097:Ruth Elaine Dykstra.
974:"Organ Grinder Swing"
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549:, inspired mainly by
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320:"Brother" Jack McDuff
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118:Form of jazz ensemble
2508:Bibliography of jazz
2288:Continental European
687:Deep Blue Organ Trio
561:Organ trios such as
497:Deep Blue Organ Trio
40:improve this article
2749:Straight, No Chaser
2538:Straight-ahead jazz
1995:Winter & Winter
1444:French horn in jazz
770:, a development of
652:on Hammond B-3 and
2693:West African music
2518:British dance band
2308:European free jazz
2281:British dance band
1774:Musicians by genre
1554:Free improvisation
1321:Keyboard amplifier
1251:Eminent 310 Unique
786:. However, unlike
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285:Dave "Baby" Cortez
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2013:Beaches (Toronto)
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382:Keith Emerson of
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713:Other variations
557:Other variations
532:Ibrahim Electric
486:Joey DeFrancesco
427:John Abercrombie
396:Moog synthesizer
360:jazz-rock fusion
202:rhythm and blues
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1029:MY SHINING HOUR
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830:Other meanings
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820:All About Jazz
808:double bassist
803:
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792:improvisations
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682:
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665:Out of Nowhere
626:Charlie Hunter
599:Matt Schofield
558:
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523:and guitarist
513:Wes Montgomery
505:Origin Records
469:
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451:on guitar and
441:' fusion band
375:
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353:Idris Muhammad
316:Wes Montgomery
300:Howard Roberts
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261:Leslie speaker
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151:jazz guitarist
125:Jazz organist
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1868:Discographies
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1534:Flamenco jazz
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1469:Women in jazz
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1454:Jazz trombone
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1434:Jazz drumming
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1402:Improvisation
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1197:Nord C Series
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1107:
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1093:
1090:
1078:on 2010-01-03
1077:
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1056:
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1049:
1037:on 2015-07-14
1036:
1032:
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1019:
1007:on 2010-05-31
1006:
1002:
999:Jimi Wilson.
995:
992:
980:on 2008-03-12
979:
975:
972:Tom Vickers.
968:
966:
962:
950:on 2007-04-03
949:
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920:0-7868-8496-7
916:
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891:
888:
886:
885:Hammond organ
883:
881:
878:
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871:
869:
865:
864:registrations
861:
857:
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849:
845:
841:
834:
829:
827:
823:
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817:
813:
812:Shirley Scott
809:
802:Variant forms
801:
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727:Peter Hammill
724:
723:David Jackson
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707:Kobie Watkins
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638:electric bass
635:
634:Hammond Organ
631:
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551:Kenny Burrell
548:
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539:
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533:
528:
526:
522:
521:Chris Foreman
518:
517:George Benson
514:
510:
506:
503:and two with
502:
498:
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491:
490:Don Patterson
487:
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467:
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450:
446:
445:
440:
439:Tony Williams
436:
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409:
405:
404:Keith Emerson
401:
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365:
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329:
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321:
317:
313:
312:George Benson
309:
308:Kenny Burrell
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
289:Jimmy McGriff
286:
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207:
206:Tony Williams
203:
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183:
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156:
152:
148:
144:
143:Hammond organ
140:
137:is a form of
136:
128:
123:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2760:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2729:(miniseries)
2726:
2718:
2688:Sophisti-pop
2118:
2109:Jazz royalty
2099:Jazz funeral
1895:Contemporary
1786:Chamber jazz
1740:Saxophonists
1710:Clarinetists
1682:Third stream
1627:
1519:Chamber jazz
1419:Scat singing
1303:Telharmonium
1288:Organ makers
1283:Lowrey organ
1270:
1234:Gibson G-101
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:the original
1070:Eastern View
1069:
1061:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:the original
1028:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
952:. Retrieved
948:the original
910:
904:
848:trio sonatas
838:
824:
819:
805:
796:
765:
763:
759:
742:
716:
699:Ben Paterson
684:
669:
663:
657:
654:Leonard King
650:Gerard Gibbs
642:James Carter
623:
618:upright bass
560:
545:created the
540:
529:
494:
479:
456:
442:
424:
389:
357:
297:
277:Bill Doggett
274:
270:
242:
210:
191:
179:
134:
132:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
55:"Organ trio"
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2671:Quiet storm
2634:Contradanza
2416:New Orleans
2411:Kansas City
2214:Jazz mugham
2209:Azerbaijani
2133:Second line
2128:Rare groove
2114:Jazz theory
2104:Jazz poetry
2089:Contrafacts
2073:Saint Lucia
2053:New Orleans
1985:Strata-East
1960:MPS Records
1890:Cobblestone
1811:Smooth jazz
1801:Jazz fusion
1745:Trombonists
1658:Sacred jazz
1643:Smooth jazz
1576:Jazz fusion
1459:Jazz violin
1439:Jazz guitar
1414:Jam session
1387:Jazz (word)
1298:Riha Adagio
1219:Doric Organ
1214:Combo organ
1207:Roland VK-8
1202:Roland VK-7
1182:Chord organ
868:organ stops
744:Pawn Hearts
731:Hugh Banton
691:Bobby Broom
681:Jazz groups
583:jazz fusion
536:Jeppe Tuxen
525:Bobby Broom
482:Jimmy Smith
453:Larry Young
412:Carl Palmer
374:1970s–1980s
364:Larry Young
349:Neal Creque
345:Jack McDuff
333:Grant Green
304:Grant Green
293:Jimmy Smith
267:1950s–1960s
249:Count Basie
245:Fats Waller
159:saxophonist
127:Jimmy Smith
2783:Categories
2656:Brass band
2644:Jump blues
2488:Ethno jazz
2451:Australian
2431:West Coast
2188:Zimbabwean
2028:Copenhagen
1950:Mainstream
1760:Violinists
1750:Trumpeters
1720:Guitarists
1628:Organ trio
1613:Modal jazz
1586:Latin jazz
1566:Gypsy jazz
1464:Vocal jazz
1449:Jazz piano
1293:Philicorda
1271:Organ trio
896:References
860:pipe organ
842:and other
739:Nic Potter
685:After the
591:Darediablo
543:Steve Howe
509:Steely Dan
455:on organ.
437:on drums.
431:Jan Hammer
257:Milt Herth
145:player, a
135:organ trio
96:April 2024
66:newspapers
2624:Acid jazz
2481:Worldwide
2467:Brazilian
2264:Bulgarian
2226:Indo jazz
2176:Cape jazz
2063:North Sea
2018:Cape Town
2005:Festivals
1980:Riverside
1955:Milestone
1880:Blue Note
1875:Bethlehem
1859:post-1950
1831:Standards
1816:Soul jazz
1765:Vocalists
1725:Organists
1697:Musicians
1687:Trad jazz
1648:Soul jazz
1571:Jazz-funk
1559:Punk jazz
1549:Free funk
1544:Free jazz
1539:Folk jazz
1529:Dixieland
1524:Cool jazz
1514:Cape jazz
1429:Jazz bass
1392:Jazz band
1308:Tonewheel
1256:Guitorgan
1192:Korg CX-3
840:J.S. Bach
816:saxophone
767:soul jazz
735:Guy Evans
672:in 2005.
579:soul jazz
553:'s work.
408:Greg Lake
281:Hank Marr
239:Pre-1950s
216:jazz-rock
194:soul jazz
163:guitarist
155:saxophone
2629:Afrobeat
2543:Pre-1920
2528:Jazz Age
2444:Oceanian
2394:American
2368:Canadian
2252:European
2243:Japanese
2204:Armenian
2166:Malawian
2161:Ethiopia
2048:Montreux
2043:Montreal
2038:Monterey
1975:Prestige
1945:Landmark
1930:Impulse!
1910:ESP-Disk
1839:Pre-1920
1796:Hard bop
1735:Pianists
1715:Drummers
1705:Bassists
1638:Ska jazz
1581:Jazz rap
1507:Post-bop
1497:Hard bop
1397:Big band
1246:Electone
1082:15 April
1041:15 April
1011:15 April
984:15 April
954:15 April
874:See also
788:hard bop
772:hard bop
587:jam band
541:In 2007
457:Lifetime
444:Lifetime
337:boogaloo
211:Lifetime
2676:Ragtime
2661:Exotica
2617:Related
2523:Ragtime
2501:History
2406:Chicago
2373:Haitian
2352:Swedish
2340:Spanish
2323:Italian
2276:British
2271:Belgian
2238:Iranian
2154:African
2082:Culture
2058:Newport
2033:Jakarta
2023:Chicago
1920:Freedom
1618:Nu jazz
1502:Neo-bop
1224:Farfisa
844:Baroque
648:, with
571:Soulive
565:(MMW),
234:History
230:scene.
228:jamband
224:Soulive
214:played
208:' band
175:R&B
167:quartet
147:drummer
80:scholar
2328:Polish
2318:German
2313:French
2298:Danish
2259:Balkan
2221:Indian
2181:Marabi
2138:Venues
1665:Stride
1608:Marabi
1598:M-Base
1479:Genres
1111:30 May
917:
780:gospel
630:guitar
585:, and
567:Niacin
392:fusion
347:, and
314:, and
198:gospel
186:manual
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2707:Media
2666:Plugg
2639:Blues
2593:2010s
2588:2000s
2583:1990s
2578:1980s
2573:1970s
2568:1960s
2563:1950s
2558:1940s
2553:1930s
2548:1920s
2513:Blues
2383:Cuban
2303:Dutch
2231:Sitar
2197:Asian
1990:Verve
1854:1940s
1849:1930s
1844:1920s
1821:Swing
1781:Bebop
1670:Swing
1492:Bebop
1102:(PDF)
776:blues
595:blues
463:1990s
420:disco
368:modal
171:blues
153:or a
87:JSTOR
73:books
2727:Jazz
2720:Bird
2608:2022
2603:2021
2598:2020
2333:Yass
2068:Pori
1970:Muse
1806:Scat
1407:Jazz
1368:Jazz
1266:List
1113:2008
1084:2024
1043:2024
1013:2024
986:2024
956:2024
915:ISBN
880:Jazz
782:and
705:and
612:The
605:).
573:and
515:and
495:The
326:and
247:and
222:and
200:and
139:jazz
59:news
1965:MPS
1940:JMT
1905:ECM
1900:CTI
1885:BYG
133:An
42:by
2785::
1104:.
964:^
929:^
870:.
778:,
581:,
569:,
538:.
527:.
492:.
355:.
343:,
322:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
287:,
283:,
1360:e
1353:t
1346:v
1163:e
1156:t
1149:v
1115:.
1086:.
1072:"
1045:.
1027:"
1015:.
988:.
958:.
923:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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