1201:. Many types of organizations use performance management systems (PMS) to evaluate themselves according to their targets, objectives, and goals; a research institute may use PMS to evaluate its success in reaching development targets. Complex performance drivers such as the societal contribution of research may be evaluated with other performance drivers, such as research commercialization and collaborations, in sectors like commercial agriculture. A research institute may use data-driven, real-time PMS to deal with complex performance-management challenges for a country developing its agricultural sector.
1211:, and their colleagues developed a new approach to improving performance in organizations. Their work emphasizes how constraints imposed by one's worldview can impede cognitive abilities, and explores the source of performance which is inaccessible by cause-and-effect analysis. They say that a person's performance correlates with their work situation, and language (including what is said and unsaid in conversations) plays a major role. Performance is more likely to be improved when management understands how employees perceive the world and implementing changes which are compatible with that worldview.
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Performance-management principles are used most often in the workplace and can be applied wherever people interact with their environments to produce desired effects, such as health settings. How performance management is applied is important to get the most out of a group, and can improve day-to-day
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process integrated into the organization's culture can be a powerful tool for communicating and instituting change, rapidly touching all members of the organization when new markets, strategies, values and structures are introduced into the system. Each year, companies spend considerable money on
1082:
It aims to measure and optimize the overall performance of an organization, specific departments, individual employees, or processes to manage particular tasks. Performance standards are set by senior leadership and task owners which may include expectations for job duties, timely feedback and
1236:
Employees who question the fairness of a performance-management system or are overly competitive will affect its effectiveness; those who do not feel adequately rewarded become disgruntled with the process. Without proper system planning, employees may view it as mandating compliance.
1573:
Confusion also arises because industry experts can not agree what to call BPM, let alone how to define it, META Group and IDC use the term 'Business
Performance Management', Gartner Group prefers 'Corporate Performance Management', and others favor 'Enterprise Performance
1260:(OPM), performance management is a system or process in which work is planned and expectations are set; performance of the work is monitored; staff ability to perform is developed; performance is rated and the ratings summarized, and top performance is rewarded.
1273:
their performance-management systems. For performance management to succeed, businesses must continue to adapt their system to correct current deficiencies. Some aspects, such as goal setting or performance bonuses, may resonate more with employees than others.
1320:
tools, offer products to assist in this process. BPM is often incorrectly understood as relying on software to work, and many definitions suggest software as essential to the approach. Interest in BPM by the software community may be sales-driven.
1219:
In the public sector, the effects of performance-management systems have ranged from positive to negative; this suggests that differences among systems and the context in which they are implemented affect their success or failure.
1083:
coaching, evaluating employee performance and behavior against desired outcomes, and implementing reward systems. BPM can involve outlining the role of each individual in an organization in terms of functions and responsibilities.
3248:
1905:"Probing into the concept of 'research for society' to utilize as a strategy to synergize flexibility of a research institute working on eco-friendly commercial agriculture"
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had reclassified CPM as "financial planning and analysis (FP&A)" and "financial close" to reflect an increased focus on planning and the emergence of new solutions for
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1027:
1816:
2289:
Richard, Pierre J.; Devinney, Timothy M.; Yip, George S.; Johnson, Gerry (2009-02-06). "Measuring
Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice".
2404:
1536:
Business
Performance Management (BPM) is also known and identified by other names, such as corporate performance management and enterprise performance management.
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1071:) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that an organization's activities and output are aligned with its
1257:
1249:(OD), performance can be thought of as actual versus desired results; where actual results fall short of those desired is the performance-improvement zone.
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1316:
Business performance management requires large organizations to collect and report large volumes of data. Software vendors, particularly those offering
1954:"Role of key performance indicators on agile transformation of performance management in research institutes towards innovative commercial agriculture"
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2387:
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Upadhaya, Bedanand; Munir, Rahat; Blount, Yvette (2014). "Association between performance measurement systems and organisational effectiveness".
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2001:""Connected researches" in "smart lab bubble": A lifeline of techno-society space for commercial agriculture development in "new normal""
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1856:"Role of Peripheral Analysis Methods in Adoption of Successful KPIs for a Research Institute Working Towards Commercial Agriculture"
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581:
2171:"Single window performance management: a strategy for evaluation integrated research culture in the commercial agriculture sector"
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2050:"Intelligently driven performance management: an enabler of real-time research forecasting for innovative commercial agriculture"
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Bracken, D., & Rose, D., "When does 360-degree feedback create behavior change? And how would we know it when it does?",
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2048:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath
Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K.; Kodituwakku, Saluka R.; Madhushani, K. B. (2022-08-22).
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Gerrish, Ed. 2015. "The Impact of
Performance Management on Performance in Public Organizations: A Meta-Analysis."
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30:"Performance management" redirects here. For performance management of software in real time or forensically, see
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Performance
Management: The Three Laws of Performance: Rewriting the Future of Your Organization and Your Life
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The biggest growth area in operational BI analysis is in the area of business performance management (BPM).
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Employees managed by those with unclear expectations may erroneously think that they are performing well.
1197:. Its guidelines stipulate the activities and outcomes by which employees and teams are evaluated during
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employee performance. It must not encourage internal competition, but teamwork, cooperation, and trust.
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2129:
Nielsen, Poul A. 2014. "Performance
Management, Managerial Authority, and Public Service Performance."
1999:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath
Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K.; Kodituwakku, Saluka R. (2022-05-23).
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Performance management aligns company goals with those of teams and employees to increase efficiency,
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1903:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath
Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K.; Seneviratne, Gamini (2022-12-31).
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According to
Richard et al. (2009), organizational-performance metrics encompass three outcomes:
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2534:"Giving the Boss the Big Picture: A dashboard pulls up everything the CEO needs to run the show"
1764:"Interplay between performance measurement and management, employee engagement and performance"
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Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems, and Industrial Applications
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Handbook on Business Process Management: Strategic Alignment, Governance, People, and Culture
1177:
New technology realizes corporate strategic outcomes and describes risk-management programs.
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Performance Management - Integrating Strategy Execution, Methodologies, Risk, and Analytics
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Peacock, M., Stewart, E. B., & Belcourt, M. (2020). Managing Employee Performance. In
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The Values-Based Safety Process: Improving Your Safety Culture with Behavior-Based Safety
1423:"Performance Evaluation of Construction Sub-contractors using Ordinal Priority Approach"
3355:
2543:
2244:"Engaging employees through effective performance management: an empirical examination"
2082:
1952:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith Krishantha (2021-01-01).
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Technology-enabled Business Performance Management: Concept, Framework, and Technology
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2475:, Thomas C. Mawhinney, William K. Redmon & Carl Merle Johnson. Routledge. 2001.
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2169:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K. (2022-08-10).
2065:
1969:
1871:
1854:
Abeysiriwardana, Prabath Chaminda; Jayasinghe-Mudalige, Udith K. (2021-06-01).
1779:
1665:
Van Decker, John E.; Rayner, Nigel; Iervolino, Christopher (October 31, 2017).
1256:
Other organizational-development definitions differ slightly. According to the
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2616:
2479:
Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space in the Organization Chart
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62:
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Performance management in health care: The past, the present, and the future
443:
345:
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1744:. International Conference Business Informatics. Vienna. pp. 699–708.
1454:
2242:
Kakkar, Shiva; Dash, Sanket; Vohra, Neharika; Saha, Surajit (2020-04-23).
996:
279:
234:
2499:, Dale Brethower & Karolyn Smalley. Pfeiffer; Har/Dis edition. 1998.
2481:, Geary A. Rummler & Alan P. Brache. Jossey-Bass; 2nd edition. 1995.
1557:. 3rd International Management Conference. pp. 1–9. Archived from
1127:
114:
2571:
Defining success through strategic planning and priority goal setting
2442:, P. Rausch, A. Sheta, A. Ayesh (Eds.), Springer Verlag U.K., 2013,
1667:"Back to Basics: The Refocusing of Corporate Performance Management"
1651:
2497:
Performance-based Instruction: Linking Training to Business Results
3473:
2469:, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Published quarterly. 2009.
1589:(International Handbooks on Information Systems). Berlin: Springer
1227:
917:
79:
36:
2157:
Understanding human resources management: A Canadian perspective
1475:"Introducing the CPM Suites Magic Quadrant", Lee Geishecker and
1380:
1072:
3421:
2589:
2334:
International Journal of Operations & Production Management
1768:
International Journal of Operations & Production Management
3249:
Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
2405:"The Next Generation of Business Intelligence: Operational BI"
1586:
1404:
and particularly StratML Part 2, Performance Plans and Reports
1285:
Financial performance, such as profits, return on assets, and
1141:
1090:
523:
2585:
2385:
The Next Generation of Business Intelligence: Operational BI
1860:
International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness
1489:
Frolick, Mark N.; Ariyachandra, Thilini R. (Winter 2006).
2528:
http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~firat/mis/PlugInT12.pdf
1079:, a larger framework managing organizational processes.
2505:, John Austin & James E. Carr. Context Press. 2000.
1599:
Harris, Hilary; Brewster, Chris; Sparrow, Paul (2003).
1158:
1107:
2131:
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
1693:"Organizational Structures Supporting Rich Survival"
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2641:
1958:
Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management
27:
Processes to bring output into alignment with goals
2456:. Gary Cokins, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2009.
1762:Smith, Marisa; Bititci, Umit Sezer (2017-09-04).
1510:10.1201/1078.10580530/45769.23.1.20061201/91771.5
2493:, Terry E. McSween. John Wiley & Sons. 1995.
2485:Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance
2219:, published March 2018, accessed 26 October 2022
1291:Product market performance, such as sales and
3433:
2601:
2467:Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
2217:A Handbook for Measuring Employee Performance
1021:
8:
1815:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1491:"Business performance management: one truth"
1479:, 2 October 2002, www.gartner.com, M-17-4718
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2594:
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1585:vom Brocke, J. & Rosemann, M. (2010),
1421:Mahmoudi, Amin; Javed, Saad Ahmed (2022).
1028:
1014:
44:
2159:(pp. 211-239). Toronto: Nelson Education.
2081:
2016:
1920:
1887:
1801:Zaffron, Logan, Steve, David (Feb 2009).
41:Organizational performance and its types
2109:. Learning What Works Inc. p. 99.
1691:Achterbergh, Jan; Vriens, Dirk (2010).
1602:International Human Resource Management
1413:
1253:aims to close the gap between the two.
47:
2473:Handbook of Organizational Performance
1808:
1341:Electronic performance support systems
3762:Organizational performance management
2581:Organizational Performance Management
2503:Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis
2105:Madden, Bartley J. (September 2014).
1065:organizational performance management
18:Organizational performance management
7:
2487:, Thomas F. Gilbert. Pfeiffer. 1996.
3285:Bachelor of Business Administration
2564:Bred Tough: The Best-of-Breed, 2009
2215:US Office of Personnel Management,
1835:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
1631:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
1258:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
3386:Organizational behavior management
2230:Journal of Business and Psychology
1439:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.102022
1371:Organizational behavior management
1366:Operational performance management
25:
3772:Information technology management
3300:Doctor of Business Administration
3290:Master of Business Administration
2297:(3). SAGE Publications: 718–804.
1057:enterprise performance management
1002:Business and economics portal
3718:
3717:
3705:Outline of organizational theory
3401:
1751:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1145:
1094:
1049:corporate performance management
995:
2409:Information Management Magazine
1427:Evaluation and Program Planning
1041:Business performance management
32:software performance management
3264:Chartered Management Institute
1699:. Springer. pp. 351–378.
1504:. www.ism-journal.com: 41–48.
1498:Information Systems Management
1:
2526:Plug-In T12 Business Process
2107:Reconstructing Your Worldview
1922:10.1080/26895293.2022.2038280
1650:Hameed, Waseem (2020-11-12).
1346:Executive information systems
657:management information system
308:Chief human resources officer
2633:Index of management articles
2144:Public Administration Review
2018:10.1016/j.techum.2022.05.001
1735:Mettler T, Rohner P (2009).
1705:10.1007/978-3-642-14316-8_11
1351:Integrated business planning
1306:Organizational effectiveness
651:Enterprise resource planning
479:Financial statement analysis
3767:Business intelligence terms
3269:Critical management studies
3132:Full range leadership model
2175:SN Business & Economics
1548:Mojdeh, Sana (2005-12-20).
1331:Behavioral systems analysis
1077:business process management
3803:
3259:Certified Business Manager
2546:2006-02-13. Archived from
2372:December 12, 2006, at the
2346:10.1108/ijopm-02-2013-0091
2187:10.1007/s43546-022-00297-0
2066:10.1007/s43545-022-00484-8
1970:10.1108/JSTPM-10-2020-0151
1872:10.1007/s42943-021-00021-z
1780:10.1108/ijopm-06-2015-0313
1376:Organizational engineering
1297:Total shareholder return,
1247:organizational development
1241:Organizational development
1132:financial close management
29:
3713:
3399:
3127:Evidence-based management
2623:
2403:White, Colin (May 2005).
1361:List of management topics
1356:IT performance management
1264:Design and implementation
1075:. BPM is associated with
313:Chief information officer
145:Limited liability company
3695:History of organizations
3381:Organization development
3137:Management by objectives
2509:Managing for Performance
2303:10.1177/0149206308330560
2260:10.1108/bij-10-2019-0440
1652:"Performance Management"
1627:"Performance Management"
1402:Strategy Markup Language
326:Chief technology officer
260:Mergers and acquisitions
230:Constitutional documents
55:Management of a business
3726:Aspects of corporations
3162:Social entrepreneurship
3122:Earned value management
2340:(7). Emerald: 853–875.
1386:Performance measurement
1251:Performance improvement
386:Environmental economics
366:International economics
317:Chief marketing officer
303:Chief financial officer
298:Chief operating officer
294:Chief executive officer
255:International trade law
49:Business administration
3787:Engineering management
3736:Aspects of occupations
3408:Systems science portal
3351:Management development
3346:Management cybernetics
3331:Executive compensation
3167:Sustainable management
3029:Information technology
3009:Environmental resource
2576:The Balanced Scorecard
1233:
1069:performance management
955:International business
940:Business judgment rule
285:Chief business officer
185:Annual general meeting
165:State-owned enterprise
155:Privately held company
42:
3782:Organizational theory
3741:Aspects of workplaces
3371:Managerial psychology
3336:Management consulting
3157:Scientific management
2940:Customer relationship
2628:Outline of management
2515:. Piatkus Books, 1995
2367:BPM Mag, What is BPM?
2291:Journal of Management
2005:New Techno Humanities
1398:(a.k.a stack ranking)
1318:business intelligence
1268:An organization-wide
1231:
1215:Public-sector effects
1199:performance appraisal
631:Customer relationship
567:Business intelligence
529:Financial institution
504:International finance
454:Cash conversion cycle
361:Development economics
322:Chief product officer
70:Management accounting
40:
3700:Organization studies
3649:Retaliatory behavior
3494:Citizenship behavior
3366:Managerial economics
3326:Corporate governance
3233:Oliver E. Williamson
3112:Collaborative method
2513:Alasdair A. K. White
1673:. Gartner. G00341616
1391:Rosabeth Moss Kanter
1287:return on investment
1138:Definition and scope
572:Business development
416:Economic development
178:Corporate governance
75:Financial accounting
3228:Eliyahu M. Goldratt
2550:on February 9, 2006
1605:. CIPD Publishing.
1308:is a similar term.
1270:360-degree feedback
982:Business statistics
965:International trade
950:Business operations
646:Electronic business
551:Types of management
439:Financial statement
421:Economic statistics
289:Chief brand officer
245:Corporate liability
160:Sole proprietorship
140:Joint-stock company
3777:Management by type
3722:See also templates
3391:Pointy-haired Boss
3341:Management control
3177:Virtual management
2561:Business Finance:
2390:2009-08-02 at the
2054:SN Social Sciences
1336:Data visualization
1301:added, and similar
1234:
1157:. You can help by
1106:. You can help by
945:Consumer behaviour
747:Product life-cycle
534:Capital management
499:Managerial finance
190:Board of directors
43:
3749:
3748:
3629:Perceived support
3415:
3414:
3361:Management system
3295:PhD in management
3067:
3066:
2926:
2925:
2839:
2838:
2807:Product lifecycle
2462:978-0-470-44998-1
2448:978-1-4471-4865-4
1714:978-3-642-14315-1
1209:Michael C. Jensen
1175:
1174:
1124:
1123:
1047:) (also known as
1038:
1037:
925:Business analysis
494:Corporate finance
464:Capital budgeting
401:Knowledge economy
195:Supervisory board
16:(Redirected from
3794:
3721:
3720:
3614:Network analysis
3604:Machiavellianism
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3405:
3142:Management style
2852:
2722:
2715:
2610:
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2587:
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2556:
2555:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2411:. Archived from
2400:
2394:
2382:
2376:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2254:(5): 1843–1860.
2239:
2233:
2232:, 26(2), 183-192
2226:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2133:. 24(2):431–458.
2127:
2121:
2120:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2020:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1924:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1774:(9): 1207–1228.
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1520:. Archived from
1495:
1486:
1480:
1477:Frank Buytendijk
1473:
1467:
1466:
1418:
1170:
1167:
1149:
1142:
1119:
1116:
1098:
1091:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1000:
999:
977:Business process
519:Financial market
356:Labour economics
351:Public economics
110:Corporation sole
45:
21:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3731:Aspects of jobs
3709:
3683:
3452:
3446:
3416:
3411:
3395:
3304:
3273:
3254:Business school
3237:
3215:
3209:
3195:Decision-making
3187:
3181:
3152:Micromanagement
3147:Macromanagement
3099:
3093:
3063:
3019:Human resources
3014:Field inventory
2995:
2969:
2932:
2922:
2894:
2847:
2845:
2835:
2785:
2728:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2644:of organization
2643:
2637:
2619:
2614:
2553:
2551:
2532:
2523:
2518:
2435:
2433:Further reading
2430:
2418:
2416:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2392:Wayback Machine
2383:
2379:
2374:Wayback Machine
2365:
2361:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2210:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2047:
2046:
2042:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1807:
1805:(1st ed.).
1800:
1799:
1795:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1671:www.gartner.com
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1327:
1314:
1279:
1266:
1243:
1226:
1224:How it can fail
1217:
1183:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1155:needs expansion
1140:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1104:needs expansion
1089:
1034:
994:
987:
986:
930:Business ethics
920:
910:
909:
850:
842:
841:
552:
544:
543:
539:Venture capital
469:Commercial bank
459:Insider dealing
434:
426:
425:
376:Planned economy
341:
331:
330:
275:
273:Corporate title
265:
264:
240:Corporate crime
220:
210:
209:
205:Audit committee
180:
170:
169:
125:Holding company
105:Corporate group
100:
93:Business entity
85:
84:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3800:
3798:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Identification
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Management fad
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Administration
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2844:On activity or
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2544:Bloomberg L.P.
2530:
2522:
2521:External links
2519:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2395:
2377:
2359:
2324:
2281:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2116:978-0988596931
2115:
2097:
2040:
1991:
1964:(2): 213–243.
1944:
1915:(1): 220–233.
1895:
1846:
1822:
1793:
1754:
1727:
1713:
1683:
1657:
1642:
1618:
1611:
1591:
1578:
1540:
1481:
1468:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:Vitality curve
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1299:economic value
1295:
1289:
1278:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1242:
1239:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:September 2023
1152:
1150:
1139:
1136:
1122:
1121:
1115:September 2023
1101:
1099:
1088:
1085:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
989:
988:
985:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
962:
960:Business model
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
921:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
834:
829:
828:
827:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
791:
790:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
728:
727:
716:
711:
710:
709:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
678:
677:
669:Human resource
666:
661:
660:
659:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
611:Communications
608:
607:
606:
596:
595:
594:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Public finance
486:
484:Financial risk
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
418:
413:
411:Macroeconomics
408:
406:Microeconomics
403:
398:
396:Market economy
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
342:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
319:
310:
305:
300:
291:
282:
276:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
252:
250:Insolvency law
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
225:Commercial law
221:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
200:Advisory board
197:
192:
187:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
101:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
66:
61:
60:
57:
56:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3799:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Effectiveness
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Communication
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:organizations
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Managerialism
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Collaboration
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Peter Drucker
3221:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Team building
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2842:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Communication
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2415:on 2011-07-22
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
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371:Mixed economy
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2554:2010-02-22
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3107:Adhocracy
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