844:
695:
763:
600:
976:
88:
procedures are used today, first synthesising stable astatoaryl prosthetic groups before incorporating them into the protein. Not only is the C–At bond the weakest of all carbon–halogen bonds (following periodic trends), but also the bond easily breaks as the astatine is oxidised back to free astatine.
79:). Alkyl and aryl astatides are relatively stable and have been analysed at high temperatures (120 °C) with radio gas chromatography. Demercuration reactions have produced with good yields trace quantities of At-containing aromatic amino acids, steroids, and imidazoles, among other compounds.
87:
group), halodeprotonation, or halodemetallation. Initial attempts to radiolabel proteins with At exemplify its intermediate behaviour, as astatination (analogous to radioiodination) produces unstable results and it is instead AtO (or a hydrolysed species) that probably bonds to proteins. Two-step
44:
Astatine is extremely radioactive, with the longest-lived isotope (At) having a half-life of only 8.1 hours. Consequently, organoastatine chemistry can only be studied by tracer techniques on extremely small quantities. The problems caused by radiation damage as well as difficulties in
82:
Astatine has both halogen-like and metallic properties, so that analogies with iodine sometimes hold, but sometimes do not. Astatine can be incorporated into organic molecules via halogen exchange, halodediazotation (replacing a
45:
separation and identification are worse for organic astatine derivatives than for inorganic compounds. Most studies of organoastatine chemistry focus on At (half-life 7.21 hours), which is the subject of ongoing studies in
278:
126:
1017:
271:
180:
Guérard, François; Maingueneau, Clémence; Liu, Lu; Eychenne, Romain; Gestin, Jean-François; Montavon, Gilles; Galland, Nicolas (2021).
1041:
264:
142:
Coenen, H. H.; Moerlein, S. M.; Stöcklin, G. (1983). "No-Carrier-Added
Radiohalogenation Methods with Heavy Halogens".
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
768:
711:
605:
526:
521:
378:
235:
869:
571:
541:
531:
511:
499:
467:
432:
400:
368:
363:
323:
338:
302:
256:
1046:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
859:
849:
700:
670:
655:
640:
620:
615:
566:
494:
477:
427:
422:
417:
412:
388:
348:
1010:
864:
854:
665:
650:
635:
625:
610:
551:
536:
516:
506:
487:
482:
472:
462:
405:
373:
343:
333:
773:
688:
630:
593:
588:
576:
556:
546:
452:
447:
442:
383:
358:
581:
393:
328:
318:
181:
118:
660:
645:
457:
437:
182:"Advances in the Chemistry of Astatine and Implications for the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals"
561:
1003:
212:
159:
84:
1036:
204:
122:
27:
987:
196:
151:
110:
46:
1030:
933:
216:
38:
163:
73:
200:
155:
50:
983:
975:
208:
60:
Astatine-labelled iodine reagents have been used to synthesise RAt, RAtCl
35:
54:
288:
31:
260:
991:
925:
1011:
272:
8:
1018:
1004:
279:
265:
257:
175:
173:
22:describes the synthesis and properties of
291:with other elements in the periodic table
97:
308:
7:
972:
970:
950:Academic research, no widespread use
105:
103:
101:
990:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
16:Study of the carbon-astatine bond
974:
842:
761:
693:
598:
298:
236:"Organic Chemistry of Astatine"
234:Berei, K.; Vasáros, L. (1983).
1:
189:Accounts of Chemical Research
201:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00327
1063:
969:
156:10.1524/ract.1983.34.12.47
839:
758:
310:
306:
296:
115:Chemistry of the Elements
113:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).
1042:Organometallic chemistry
24:organoastatine compounds
20:Organoastatine chemistry
53:at destroying abnormal
986:-related article is a
945:Many uses in chemistry
940:Core organic chemistry
119:Butterworth-Heinemann
111:Greenwood, Norman N.
121:. pp. 885–887.
49:: it is better than
28:chemical compounds
999:
998:
964:
963:
920:
919:
195:(16): 3264–3275.
144:Radiochimica Acta
128:978-0-08-037941-8
1054:
1020:
1013:
1006:
978:
971:
956:
951:
946:
941:
846:
845:
765:
764:
697:
696:
602:
601:
299:
281:
274:
267:
258:
253:
251:
249:
240:
221:
220:
186:
177:
168:
167:
139:
133:
132:
117:(2nd ed.).
107:
47:nuclear medicine
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1047:Chemistry stubs
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
967:
965:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
921:
843:
762:
694:
599:
292:
285:
247:
245:
238:
233:
230:
228:Further reading
225:
224:
184:
179:
178:
171:
141:
140:
136:
129:
109:
108:
99:
94:
72:(R = phenyl or
71:
67:
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1000:
997:
996:
979:
962:
961:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
934:Chemical bonds
930:
929:
927:
923:
922:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
709:
706:
703:
698:
691:
686:
682:
681:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
596:
591:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
502:
497:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
408:
403:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
355:
354:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
315:
314:
311:
309:
307:
305:
297:
294:
293:
286:
284:
283:
276:
269:
261:
255:
254:
229:
226:
223:
222:
169:
150:(1–2): 47–68.
134:
127:
96:
95:
93:
90:
69:
68:AtCl, and RAtO
65:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
985:
980:
977:
973:
968:
953:
948:
943:
938:
935:
932:
931:
928:
924:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
760:
757:
753:
752:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
692:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
312:
304:
301:
300:
295:
290:
287:Compounds of
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
259:
244:
243:inis.iaea.org
237:
232:
231:
227:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
183:
176:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
138:
135:
130:
124:
120:
116:
112:
106:
104:
102:
98:
91:
89:
86:
80:
78:
76:
58:
56:
52:
48:
42:
40:
39:chemical bond
37:
33:
30:containing a
29:
25:
21:
992:expanding it
981:
966:
955:Bond unknown
675:
246:. Retrieved
242:
192:
188:
147:
143:
137:
114:
81:
74:
59:
43:
23:
19:
18:
248:19 December
1031:Categories
92:References
984:chemistry
936:to carbon
217:236926712
85:diazonium
1037:Astatine
209:34350753
164:99845370
57:tissue.
36:astatine
754:
55:thyroid
926:Legend
289:carbon
215:
207:
162:
125:
77:-tolyl
32:carbon
982:This
239:(PDF)
213:S2CID
185:(PDF)
160:S2CID
988:stub
250:2022
205:PMID
123:ISBN
900:CEs
895:CCf
890:CBk
885:CCm
880:CAm
875:CPu
870:CNp
860:CPa
855:CTh
834:CYb
829:CTm
824:CEr
819:CHo
814:CDy
809:CTb
804:CGd
799:CEu
794:CSm
789:CPm
784:CNd
779:CPr
774:CCe
769:CLa
749:Og
746:Ts
743:Lv
740:Mc
737:Fl
734:Nh
731:Cn
728:Rg
725:Ds
722:Mt
719:Hs
716:Bh
712:CSg
708:Db
705:Rf
689:CRa
685:Fr
680:Rn
676:CAt
671:CPo
666:CBi
661:CPb
656:CTl
651:CHg
646:CAu
641:CPt
636:CIr
631:COs
626:CRe
616:CTa
611:CHf
606:CLu
594:CBa
589:CCs
582:CXe
572:CTe
567:CSb
562:CSn
557:CIn
552:CCd
547:CAg
542:CPd
537:CRh
532:CRu
527:CTc
522:CMo
517:CNb
512:CZr
500:CSr
495:CRb
488:CKr
483:CBr
478:CSe
473:CAs
468:CGe
463:CGa
458:CZn
453:CCu
448:CNi
443:CCo
438:CFe
433:CMn
428:CCr
418:CTi
413:CSc
406:CCa
394:CAr
389:CCl
374:CSi
369:CAl
364:CMg
359:CNa
353:Ne
324:CBe
319:CLi
313:He
197:doi
152:doi
64:, R
34:to
1033::
915:No
910:Md
905:Fm
865:CU
850:Ac
701:Lr
621:CW
577:CI
507:CY
423:CV
401:CK
384:CS
379:CP
349:CF
344:CO
339:CN
334:CC
329:CB
303:CH
241:.
211:.
203:.
193:54
191:.
187:.
172:^
158:.
148:34
146:.
100:^
41:.
26:,
1019:e
1012:t
1005:v
994:.
280:e
273:t
266:v
252:.
219:.
199::
166:.
154::
131:.
75:p
70:2
66:2
62:2
51:I
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.