Harp - Knowledge (XXG)

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and among them is the harp which was played not only at ceremonies. The instrument was performed by solo performers as well as with the accompaniment of other instruments. The Armenian translation of the Bible gives a lot of information about early medieval Armenian musical instruments. The translators of the Bible use the name harp among other quite popular musical instruments. In Armenian a verb has been formed from the name of the instrument: տաւղել which means to play the harp. The word has two meanings the second of which is stringed musical instrument which has the form of a triangular frame and this corresponds to the description of the musical instrument in Genesis 4:21 where it is stated. «Եւ նորա եղբօր անունը Յոբալ էր, որ բոլոր տավղահարների եւ սրնգահարների հայրն եղաւ»։

303: 581: 276: 1918: 1225: 1863: 416: 1091: 676: 897:, depicts a harp. Information about early medieval Armenian musical instruments has been found in Armenian translations of the Bible. In the past, the harp was played in the royal residences, in the royal recreation rooms. Sometimes not only the royal musicians, but the kings themselves played the instrument. Of course, in the past, harps did not have the sound capabilities that they have today, but the fact that the Armenian people had the harp is a fact. 1117: 1669: 368: 970:

pictures on it. There are pictured a man and three women on it who obviously are participants of a feast. The third female musician is sitting on a chair with a harp in her hands. This find proves that the instrument in Armenia had its Armenian name in 4th century BC. N. Tahmizyan also writes about this horn glass in his book. This find is a proof that Armenians knew and even enjoyed playing the harp in 4th century BC.

1679: 903: 1193: 1826: 1022: 653: 3936: 1056: 1532:(though some earlier harps, such as a "bow harp", lack a pillar). On most harps the sole purpose of the pillar is to hold up the neck against the great strain of the strings. On harps which have pedals (largely the modern concert harp), the pillar is a hollow column and encloses the rods which adjust the pitches, which are levered by pressing pedals at the base of the instrument. 601: 93: 1176: 843: 3924: 927: 1298: 1355: 915: 621:

of hooks was installed along the neck, capable of raising the pitch of a string by either one or two half steps. While one course of European harps led to greater complexity, resulting largely in the modern pedal harp, other harping traditions maintained simpler diatonic instruments which survived and evolved into modern traditions.

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Armenians have had the instrument of harp since old times. This proves that Armenians loved the harp and used it in their everyday life, at weddings and burials. According to YSC professor, scholar of Middle Ages, doctor of Arts N. Tahmizyan many pagan musical instruments have kept their initial form

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In the second picture the harp is played by a man who has a crown on his head from which we may conclude that the musician has a royal origin. This harp is bigger and leans on the floor. Not only did Armenians play the instrument but also they created songs about it. Kh. Avetisyan and V. Harutyunyan

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The addition of pedals broadened the harp's abilities, allowing its gradual entry into the classical orchestra, largely beginning in the 19th century. The harp played little or no role in early classical music (being used only a handful of times by major composers such as Mozart and Beethoven), and

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The first primitive form of pedal harps was developed in the Tyrol region of Austria. Jacob Hochbrucker was the next to design an improved pedal mechanism around 1720, followed in succession by Krumpholtz, Naderman, and the Erard company, who came up with the double mechanism, in which a second row

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period in Italy and Spain, more strings were added to allow for chromatic notes in more complex harps. In Germany in the second half of the 17th century, diatonic single-row harps were fitted with manually turned hooks that fretted individual strings to raise their pitch by a half step. In the 18th

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Formerly the harp was played in royal castles. Sometimes not only musicians but also kings played the instrument. Of course, in the past harps did not have the sound range they have today but it is a fact that Armenians had the harp. Pictures of the harp can be found in People and Everyday Life

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describe the harp and its variants, as early as 200 BCE. Variants were described ranging from 14 to 17 strings, and the instrument used by wandering minstrels for accompaniment. Iconographic evidence of the yaal appears in temple statues dated as early as 600 BCE. One of the Sangam

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In the modern era, there is a family of mid-size harps, generally with nylon strings, and optionally with partial or full levers but without pedals. They range from two to six octaves, and are plucked with the fingers using a similar technique to the pedal harp. Though these harps evoke ties to

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A proof of the instrument’s Armenian origin is the Horn Glass with the Scene of Feast picture which is kept in Erebuni museum: The glass was found in a big buried container in the district of Nor Aresh next to Erebuni castle in 1968 during construction works. The calf horn glass has peoples’

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This analysis and researches with the historical and archaeological proofs led us to the colnclusion that the instrument of harp existed and was widely used in Armenians’ everyday life including royal families. The instrument’s popularity has grown during the years and the harp has become an

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The cross-strung harp has one row of diatonic strings, and a separate row of chromatic notes, angled in an "X" shape so that the row which can be played by the right hand at the top may be played by the left hand at the bottom, and vice versa. This variant was first attested as the

1061: 1060: 1057: 977:(Yerevan, 1978) scientific work of Astghik Gevorgyan, a researcher at Matenadaran, the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, Candidate in Arts. In her work pictures of the instrument can be found. In the first picture the man is playing the harp which is on his knees. 1062: 1277:, "three-row harp"). The triple consists of two outer rows of identical diatonic strings with a third set of chromatic strings between them. These strings are off set to permit the harpist to reach past the outer row and pluck an inner string if a chromatic note is needed. 1265:

is a harp with more than one row of strings, as opposed to the more common "single course" harp. On a double-harp, the two rows generally run parallel to each other, one on either side of the neck, and are usually both diatonic (sometimes with levers) with identical notes.

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Some harps, rather than using pedal or lever devices, achieve chromaticity by simply adding additional strings to cover the notes outside their diatonic home scale. The Welsh triple harp is one such instrument, and two other instruments employing this technique are the

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The harp has been used as a political symbol of Ireland for centuries. Its origin is unknown but from the evidence of the ancient oral and written literature, it has been present in one form or another since at least the 6th century or before. According to tradition,

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has not been directly resurrected, the name has been revived and applied to a modern newly invented instrument based on the Western classical harp, but with the strings doubled back to form two notes per string, allowing advanced techniques such as note-bending.

1059: 202:; the strings are plucked with the fingers. Harps can be made and played in various ways, standing or sitting, and in orchestras or concerts. Its most common form is triangular in shape and made of wood. Some have multiple rows of strings and pedal attachments. 1554:

use of pedals at the base of the instrument, pressed with the foot, which move additional small pegs on the crossbar. The small pegs gently contact the string near the tuning peg, changing the vibrating length, but not the tension, and hence the pitch of the

1113:. The pedals, from left to right, are D, C, B on the left side and E, F, G, A on the right. Pedals were first introduced in 1697 by Jakob Hochbrucker of Bavaria. In 1811 these were upgraded to the "double action" pedal system patented by Sébastien Erard. 291:. The instrument had great popularity in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, where it evolved into a wide range of variants with new technologies, and was disseminated to Europe's colonies, finding particular popularity in Latin America. 597:) from early 9th-century France. The curve of the harp's neck is a result of the proportional shortening of the basic triangular form to keep the strings equidistant; if the strings were proportionately distant they would be farther apart. 588:

While the angle and bow harps held popularity elsewhere, European harps favored the "pillar", a third structural member to support the far ends of the arch and soundbox. A harp with a triangular three-part frame is depicted on 8th-century

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was (and is still) sometimes referred to as the "vibraharp", though it has no strings and its sound is produced by striking metal bars. In blues music, the harmonica is often casually referred to as a "blues harp" or "harp", but it is a

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The harp is also found in Argentina, though in Uruguay it was largely displaced in religious music by the organ by the end of the 18th century. The harp is historically found in Brazil, but mostly in the south of the country.

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in his Symphony in D minor (1888) was described as "revolutionary" despite some body of prior classical usage. In the 20th century, the pedal harp found use outside of classical music, entering musical comedy films in 1929 with

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Although some ancient members of the harp family died out in the Near East and South Asia, descendants of early harps are still played in Myanmar and parts of Africa; other variants defunct in Europe and Asia have been used by

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On harps of earlier design, a single string produces only a single pitch unless it is retuned. In many cases this means such a harp can only play in one key at a time and must be retuned to play in another key. Harpers and

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and chief of any consequence would have a resident harp player who would compose eulogies and elegies (later known as "planxties") in honour of the leader and chief men of the clan. The harp was adopted as a symbol of the

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Other usages of the word can be found in one of the songs of 10th century Armenian medieval writer, founder of the Renaissance of the Armenian literature, cosmic monk Grigor Narekatsi. The song is called Song of Vardavar:

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sensors for each string, often in combination with small internal microphones to produce a mixed electrical signal. Hollow body instruments can also be played acoustically, while solid body instruments must be amplified.

1575:. A person who plays a pedal harp is called a "harpist"; a person who plays a folk-harp is called a "harper" or sometimes a "harpist"; either may be called a "harp-player", and the distinctions are not strict. 1313:

The inline chromatic harp is generally a single-course harp with all 12 notes of the chromatic scale appearing in a single row. Single course inline chromatic harps have been produced at least since 1902, when

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or Irish harp, but its strings were of gut and the soundbox was much lighter. In the 1890s a similar new harp was also developed in Scotland as part of a Gaelic cultural revival. In the mid-20th century

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period, angular harps were redesigned to make them as light as possible ("light, vertical, angular harps"); while they became more elegant, they lost their structural rigidity. At the height of the

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to limit wear on the wood. The distance between the tuning peg and the soundboard, as well as tension and weight of the string, determine the pitch of the string. The body is hollow, and when a

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Harps vary globally in many ways. In terms of size, many smaller harps can be played on the lap, whereas larger harps are quite heavy and rest on the floor. Different harps may use strings of

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As European harps evolved to play more complex music, a key consideration was some way to facilitate the quick changing of a string's pitch to be able to play more chromatic notes. By the

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in 1603 and continued to feature on all English and United Kingdom Royal Standards ever since, though the styles of the harps depicted differed in some respects. It was also used on the

2458:. The Second International Conference on the Conservation of Grotto Sites. Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, People's Republic of China: Getty Publications (published 3 August 2010). pp. 719:. It is relatively large, with a significantly increased volume of the resonator box, which gives basses a special richness. It usually accompanies love dances and songs, such as 401:

tradition of illustrated book production (1300–1600 CE), such light harps were still frequently depicted, although their use as musical instruments was reaching its end.

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harp is a technologically advanced instrument, particularly distinguished by its use of pedals, foot-controlled levers which can alter the pitch of given strings, making it

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The modern Celtic harp began to appear in the early 19th century in Ireland, contemporary with the dying-out of earlier forms of Gaelic harp. Dublin pedal harp maker

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originated in Italy in the 16th century, and arrived in Wales in the late 17th century where it established itself in the local tradition as the Welsh harp (

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tradition in some areas. Distinct designs also emerged from the African continent. Harps have symbolic political traditions and are often used in logos, including in

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depressing the pedal one step turns geared levers on the strings for all octaves of a single pitch; most allow a second step that turns a second set of levers. The

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A number of types of harps are found in Africa, predominantly not of the three-sided frame-harp type found in Europe. A number of these, referred to generically as

302: 1598:, because their strings are parallel to their soundboard. Harps' strings rise approximately perpendicularly from the soundboard. Similarly, the many varieties of 1204:) preserved in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. It is one of three surviving Insular Celtic medieval harps, which serve as protypes for "celtic harps". 889:, the harp has been used since the fourth century BC. Common usages included weddings and funerals. The "Antler Cup with a Feast Scene", found inside a vessel in 629:

In the Americas, harps are widely but sparsely distributed, except in certain regions where the harp traditions are very strong. Such important centeres include

2669:... yazh resembles this old vina ... however it is the Burmese harp which seems to have been handed down in almost unchanged form since ancient times 4242: 275: 1240:

developed a new type of harp which had gut strings and semitone mechanisms like an orchestral pedal harp; it was small and curved like the historical

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and thus able to play a wide body of classical repertoire. The pedal harp contains seven pedals that each affect the tuning of all strings of one

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By the start of the Common Era, "robust, vertical, angular harps", which had become predominant in the Hellenistic world, were cherished in the

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one adjusts a string's note mid-performance by flipping a lever, which shortens the string enough to raise the pitch by a chromatic sharp. On

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The harp was popular in ancient China and neighboring regions, though harps are largely extinct in East Asia in the modern day. The Chinese

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is not a stringed instrument at all, but is a harp-shaped electronic instrument controller that has laser beams where harps have strings.

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would run around performing zany slapstick pantomime comedy with his brothers, then sit down to play beautiful music on the concert harp.

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century, a link mechanism was developed connecting these hooks with pedals, leading to the invention of the single-action pedal harp.

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The Indispensable Harp: Historical development, modern roles, configurations, and performance practices in Ecuador and Latin America

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The Indispensable Harp: Historical Development, Modern Roles, Configurations, and Performance Practices in Ecuador and Latin America

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addition of small levers on the crossbar which when actuated raise the pitch of a string by a set interval (usually a semitone), or

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A number of harp-like instruments in Africa are not easily classified with European categories. Instruments like the West African

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5 wire strings attached to lateral pegs in neck and attached at lower end to perforated wooden plaque anchored into the belly

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is typically played while standing. In southern Mexico (Chiapas), there is a very different indigenous style of harp music.

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which is a type of lute. Some Samudragupta gold coins show of the mid-4th century CE show (presumably) the king

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has used a right-facing harp (in contrast to the Irish State emblem's left-facing version) as its emblem since 1759, the

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A number of instruments that are not harps are none-the-less colloquially referred to as "harps". Chordophones like the

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Other organisations in Ireland use the harp in their corporate identity, but not always prominently; these include the

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since their construction includes a bridge which holds the strings laterally, vice vertically entering the soundboard.

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was to become the most influential Breton harper, and a strong influence in the broader world of the Celtic harp.

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The harp largely became extinct in East Asia by the 17th century; around the year 1000, harps like the

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exposed the concert harp to large new audiences with his popular new age/jazz albums and concert performances.

522: 358:, an instrument that closely resembles the hunter's bow, without the pillar that we find in modern harps. The 287:

Harps have been known since antiquity in Asia, Africa, and Europe, dating back at least as early as 3000

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Ross, Alasdair (Winter 1998). "Harps of their owne sorte? A reassessment of Pictish chordophone depictions".

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The Story of Lanka: Outlines of the history of Ceylon from the earliest times to the coming of the Portuguese

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is a modern purpose-built electric double harp made of stainless steel based on the traditional West African

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On the famous Armenian Cilician silver glass a man is painted surrounded with his lively wife and animals.

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harps that were brought from Spain during the colonial period. Detailed features vary from place to place.

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These solutions increase the versatility of a harp at the cost of adding complexity, weight, and expense.

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Single, double, and triple harps, 1581–1782: Harps having two or three rows of parallel strings. Part II

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developed a variant of the modern Celtic harp which he referred to as the "Breton Celtic harp"; his son

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Classical Music: An introduction to Classical music through the great composers & their masterworks

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are also not harps, but belong to the fourth family of ancient instruments under the chordophones, the

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historical European harps, their specifics are modern, and they are frequently referred to broadly as "

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flourished in Persia in many forms from its introduction, about 4000 BCE, until the 17th century.

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L'arpa moderna. La scrittura, la notazione, lo strumento e il repertorio dal '500 alla contemporaneità

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harp music of Veracruz has also gained some international recognition, evident in the popularity of "

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The term "harp" has also been applied to many instruments which are not even chordophones. The

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Not all sporting uses of the harp are references to Ireland, however: the Iraqi football club

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himself playing the instrument. The ancient veena survives today in Burma, in the form of the

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The harp arrived in Venezuela with Spanish colonists. There are two distinct traditions: the

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playing harps, giving the instrument associations of the sacred and heavenly. In the Bible,

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harps had spread across Europe. Harps were found across the Americas where it was a popular

1703:, 1014) played the harp, as did many of the gentry in the country during the period of the 346:. The oldest depictions of harps without a forepillar can be seen in the wall paintings of 4095: 2776: 2762: 1988: 1887: 1747: 1509:, where it is secured with a knot; on modern harps the string's hole is protected with an 1246: 1197: 1045:, which is considered the national instrument in that country. Though the ancient Chinese 847: 747: 661: 594: 394: 2512: 2310: 2259: 2220: 1906: 1335: 3848:

Method for the Harp: Fundamental exercises with illustrations and technical explanations

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are considered to be the world's oldest surviving stringed instruments, 3300-3100 B.C.E

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Mande Music: Traditional and modern music of the Maninka and Mandinka of western Africa

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issued in 1658 as well as on the Lord Protector's Standard issued on the succession of

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or similar device to adjust the pitch. From the crossbar, the string runs down to the

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began to replace prior harps. A few examples survived to the modern era, particularly

342:, 3500 BCE, and several harps were excavated from burial pits and royal tombs in 4211: 4133: 3846: 2279: 1891: 1806: 1639: 1331: 1154: 837: 811: 704: 567: 553: 484: 447: 347: 264: 222: 84: 3865: 2559:"The harps of ancient Tamil-land and the twenty-two srutis of Indian musical theory" 2390: 2193:"Reflection upon Chinese Recently Unearthed Konghous in Xin Jiang Autonomous Region" 2006:

has used a harp as its emblem since the early 1990s, after they gained the nickname

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harp was inspired by an archer's bow, when he heard the musical sound of its twang.

256:(animal intestines), plant fiber, braided hemp, cotton cord, silk, nylon, and wire. 4166: 4052: 4031: 3895:

Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave; Oliver, Paul; Wicke, Peter (8 May 2003).

2003: 1991:, Donegal's senior soccer club. Outside of Ireland, it appears in the badge of the 1875: 1786: 1579: 1548:

notes (sometimes in separate or angled rows distinct from the main row of strings),

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wind instrument, not a stringed instrument, and is therefore not a true harp. The

1213:" due to their region of revival and popular association, or more generically as " 17: 3825: 3804: 3783: 3752: 3531: 3303: 3072: 2873: 2707: 2652: 2635: 2488: 2205:

in Xinjiang ...skin cover...one string has been found. It is made of ox tendon...

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In sport, the harp is used in the emblems of the League of Ireland football team

1315: 775:('of the central area'). By the 2020s, three types of harps are typically found: 4196: 4186: 4138: 4013: 3208: 2112: 2054: 1825: 1810: 1599: 1591: 1339: 1270: 1186: 1170: 1142: 1110: 821: 652: 460: 355: 351: 332: 311: 206: 150: 144: 123: 72: 858:, are bow or angle harps, which lack forepillars joining the neck to the body. 4176: 4146: 4036: 2611:"Listen to the First Song Ever Recorded on This Ancient, Harp-Like Instrument" 2349: 2195:. Musicology Department, Shanghai Conservatory of Music, China. Archived from 2100: 1937: 1905:

in Jewish art have him holding or playing a harp, such as a sculpture outside

1801:. The harp emblem is used on official state seals and documents including the 1692: 1647: 1630: 1495: 1444: 1229: 1134: 1120: 1085: 1010: 1006: 788: 784: 452: 296: 238: 139: 100: 2069:, a 40 stringed instrument in ancient Greece thought to have been a harp 3935: 3827:

Writing for the Pedal Harp: A Standardized Manual for Composers and Harpists

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Around 1900 BCE, arched harps in the Iraq-Iran region were replaced by

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All-Music Guide to Classical Music: The definitive guide to classical music

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music, a traditional form of Venezuelan music, also known as llanera music.

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instrument that represents the emotional inner world of the Armenians.

886: 716: 712: 646: 613: 517: 510: 242: 133: 1455:(ca. 1800–1910 CE) and the 20th and 21st century music era. 1354: 4021: 2097:, zither-like instruments used in Greek classical antiquity and later 2063:, a 19th century instrument that combined a harp with a keyboard 1883: 1879: 1844: 1595: 998: 792: 766: 720: 630: 531: 430:

Marble sculptures of seated figures playing harps are known from the

419: 253: 171: 3705:"On the relative difficulties of depicting heaven and hell in music" 3253: 2822: 2706:

Yun, Hu-myŏng; Richards, Kyungnyun K.; Richards, Steffen F. (2005).

1221:" to contrast their modifying mechanism with the larger pedal harp. 3339:. Oxford Music Online / Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press 328: 4041: 2333:

The University of Edinburgh, Musical Instruments Museums Edinburgh

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Basic structural elements and terminology of a modern concert harp

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Modern harps also vary in techniques used to extend the range and

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Galpin, F. W. (1929). "The Sumerian Harp of Ur, c. 3500 B.C.E.".

2081:, name shared by an ancient Chinese harp and a modern re-adaption 1847:, Sri Lanka, whose legendary root originates from a harp player. 3166:]. Երևան : Yerevan University Publishing House. p. 390. 2090: 2057:, or Clàrsach, a modern replica of Medieval north European harps 1837: 1814: 1726: 1611: 1607: 708: 443: 280: 218: 214: 210: 166: 161: 3966: 3955: 1463: 46: 1952:, founded in 1985, also features a stylised harp in its logo. 1416:

have a pillar at their long end to support the strings, while

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are made of gut or wire, often replaced in the modern day by

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Individual sheet music for a seventeenth century baroque harp

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A medieval harp (left) and a single-action pedal harp (right)

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made of wooden brackets and metal strings is depicted on an

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wrote a song called My Sweet Harp which was quite popular

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Woodstra, Chris; Brennan, Gerald; Schrott, Allen (2005).

873:

are sometimes labeled as "spike harp", "bridge harp", or

3207:

Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave; Oliver, Paul;

1567:

The modern English word harp comes from the Old English

1330:

Amplified (electro-acoustic) hollow body and solid body

535:

was played in ancient Korea, documented as early as the

3536:. Department of Music. Stanford University. p. 48. 2277:

Williamson, Robert M. (2010). Thomas D. Rossing (ed.).

1898:, was 'the father of all who play' the harp and flute. 1781:

as its state symbol. This design first appeared on the

1483:

or metal. The top end of each string is secured on the

3853:

as an Introduction and Complement to Carlos Salzedos̀

2813:

Boenig, Robert (April 1996). "The Anglo Saxon Harp".

3898:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

3213:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

2640:. Numismatic Society of India. 2006. pp. 73–75. 2582:

Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature

2221:"Ngombi (arched Harp) Fang/Kele people 19th century" 2115:, a chromatic multi-course harp traditional in Wales 2109:, a small, flat, lap instrument in the zither family 1758:

in 1658. The harp is also traditionally used on the

1540:

have developed various remedies to this limitation:

4159: 4123: 4085: 4078: 4050: 4011: 4004: 3192:Հարությունյան, Գայանե (2020). "Հայկական տավիղներ". 3181:. Հայկական ՍՍՀ ԳԱ հրատարակչություն. pp. 60–61. 2756: 2754: 2536:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 14, 55, plate 18. 1882:is sometimes symbolically depicted as populated by 1435:of the strings (e.g., adding sharps and flats). On 108: 83: 63: 56: 3864: 3330: 1769:has used a similar left-facing harp, based on the 1217:" due to their use in non-classical music, or as " 525:(770–476 BCE), and became extinct during the 306:The Queen's gold lyre from the Royal Cemetery at 3466:"Is "Celtic" a myth? The lever harp in Brittany" 3240:Alvad, Thomas (October 1954). "The Kafir Harp". 1999:– a team originally founded by Irish emigrants. 1610:family and are not true harps. All forms of the 252:(animal tendons). Other materials have included 3144:. Հայկական ՍՍՀ ԳԱ հրատարակչություն. p. 23. 3129:. Հայկական ՍՍՀ ԳԱ հրատարակչություն. p. 41. 2215: 2213: 1829:A red eagle-headed harp in the coat of arms of 1682:The harp is used as the official emblem of the 3687:New International Version / King James Version 3278:Conservation of ancient sites on the Silk Road 3066: 3064: 3049:Reese, Allison (2021). "Venezuelan Virtuoso". 2846:Whole World of Music: A Henry Cowell Symposium 2817:. Vol. 71, no. 2. pp. 290–320. 2808: 2806: 2804: 2637:The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 2456:Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road 2247:It has four (Hemp) strings and two hide thongs 1921:Pub advertising sign for the Irish beer brand 909:Armenia, harp on an antler cup, Erebuni Museum 824:’) is strung with wire in the higher register. 3978: 3824:Inglefield, Ruth K.; Neill, Lou Anne (1985). 3104:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 76–. 815: 805: 799: 770: 760: 751: 739: 205:Ancient depictions of harps were recorded in 8: 2972:Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music 1646:and likewise not a stringed instrument. The 1334:are produced by many harp makers, including 487:, not to be confused with the modern Indian 39: 3365:. University of California Press. pp. 3308:. Reader's Digest Association. p. 24. 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 2431:. International Harp Museum. Archived from 2413:. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. 1524:The longest side of the harp is called the 1322:patented a model of inline chromatic harp. 787:and has 32 strings, originally of the 338:The earliest harps and lyres were found in 4082: 4008: 3985: 3971: 3963: 3845:Lawrence, Lucile; Salzedo, Carlos (1929). 3661:. Asian Educational Services. p. 45. 2654:Reappraising Gupta History: For S.R. Goyal 3655:Blaze, L.E.; Blaze, Louis Edmund (1921). 3503:Celtic Culture: A historical encyclopedia 593:in Scotland and in manuscripts (e.g. the 529:(1368–1644 CE). A similar harp, the 386:with vertical or horizontal sound boxes. 3179:Երաժշտության տեսությունը հին Հայաստանում 3142:Երաժշտության տեսությունը հին Հայաստանում 3127:Երաժշտության տեսությունը հին Հայաստանում 2454:Agnew, Neville (28 June – 3 July 2004). 1979:use the harp as part of their identity. 1066:A woman playing a harp on the street in 414: 3275:Neville Agnew (28 June – 3 July 2004). 3017:. Kent State University Press. p. 2922:. Kent State University Press. p. 2609:Magazine, Smithsonian; Gershon, Livia. 2487:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 2125: 1928:The harp is also used extensively as a 1544:the addition of extra strings to cover 899: 483:Another early South Asian harp was the 3550:. Breitkopf und Härtel. 1903. p. 3071:Guerrero Briceño, Fernando F. (1999). 1642:is neither Jewish nor a harp; it is a 933:Armenia, harp on a medieval silver cup 38: 3857:by Lucile Lawrence and Carlos Salzedo 2135:Essential Dictionary of Orchestration 1734:on the coinage from 1542, and in the 267:should be avoided whenever possible. 7: 3689:. 4:21 – via BibleGateWay.com. 3413:"A Portrait of Andreas Vollenweider" 2844:Nicholls, David (19 December 2013). 2103:, the modern, chromatic concert harp 2015: 1785:, which in turn was replaced by the 1725:In traditional Gaelic society every 1606:, while chordophones, belong to the 1157:. In the early 1980s, Swiss harpist 539:period (37 BCE – 686 CE). 3393:. Biography & History. AllMusic 2893:. Editorial de Entre Rios. p. 2530:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987). 2365:Oxford Journal of Music and Letters 1854:features a red, eagle-headed harp. 1165:Folk, lever, and Celtic instruments 521:harp is documented as early as the 248:Historically, strings were made of 3830:. University of California Press. 3730:. Backbeat Books. pp. 699ff. 3505:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 3439:"New Sounds: Andreas Vollenweider" 3098:Charry, Eric S. (1 October 2000). 2889:Méndez, Marcela (1 January 2004). 2404:Davis N (1986). Gardiner A (ed.). 2350:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 2158:Lawergren, Bo (12 December 2003). 1973:Police Service of Northern Ireland 1940:brand has done so since 1960. The 1783:Great Seal of the Irish Free State 1075:Modern European and American harps 1013:musical tradition for many years. 393:court. In the last century of the 25: 4243:Ancient Greek musical instruments 3077:. FundArte, Alcaldía de Caracas. 2949:"History of Latin American Harps" 2891:Historia del arpa en la Argentina 2712:. Cross-Cultural Communications. 2657:. Aditya Prakashan. p. 237. 2281:The Science of String Instruments 2260:"Saùng-Gauk Burmese 19th century" 1944:newspaper has used a harp in its 1813:to the current Irish imprints of 921:Armenia, a harpist of royal birth 3934: 3922: 3888:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 3751:Plassio, Marco (8 August 2011). 3013:Schechter, John Mendell (1992). 2970:Torres, George (27 March 2013). 2918:Schechter, John Mendell (1992). 2651:Śrīrāma Goyala (1 August 1992). 2133:Black, Dave; Gerou, Tom (1998). 1894:, the first musician and son of 1850:The arms of the Finnish city of 1447:is a standard instrument in the 1346:. They generally use individual 938: 926: 914: 902: 45: 2311:"Ngombi Tsogo mid-20th century" 65:Hornbostel–Sachs classification 3530:Mikishka, Patricia O. (1989). 2391:"Lyres: The Royal Tombs of Ur" 1957:National University of Ireland 1948:since 1961. The Irish airline 604:A medieval European harp (the 1: 3863:Rensch, Roslyn (June 2007) . 2768:The Oxford Companion to Music 2028:List of compositions for harp 1977:Queen's University of Belfast 1708: 571: 98: 3871:. Indiana University Press. 3302:Stanley, John (1 May 1997). 1517:string is plucked, the body 1475:and made primarily of wood. 827:the Venezuelan electric harp 645:. They are derived from the 4248:Persian musical instruments 4238:National symbols of Ireland 2765:. In Latham, Alison (ed.). 2513:"Marble seated harp player" 2429:internationalharpmuseum.org 1965:Gaelic Athletic Association 1791:Irish Presidential Standard 1590:, as well as the piano and 1301:Cross-strung chromatic harp 964:զոր երգէր Դաւիթ հրաշալին: 198:running at an angle to its 192:stringed musical instrument 4264: 3140:Թահմիզյան, Նարինե (1997). 3125:Թահմիզյան, Նարինե (1997). 2483:Yar-Shater, Ehsan (2003). 2407:Ancient Egyptian Paintings 2393:. SumerianShakespeare.com. 2315:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2264:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2225:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2038:Berners Street harp makers 1750:issued in 1649 and on the 1705:Gaelic Lordship of Ireland 1571:; akin to Old High German 1228:Welsh harpists at Caerwys 1168: 1083: 835: 551: 508: 441: 434:dating from 2800-2700 BC. 408: 29: 3851:. New York: G. Schirmer. 3803:Gaisford, Thomas (1848). 3160:Հայէրեն արմատական բառարան 2533:History of Indian Theatre 2329:"ARCHED HARP OR BOW HARP" 1961:University College Dublin 1622:, closely related to the 1563:Terminology and etymology 1493:, where each will have a 1202:Clàrsach na Banrìgh Màiri 893:and now preserved in the 501:harp still played there. 467:. The works of the Tamil 279:The Harps of Chogha Mish 115: 90: 44: 27:Plucked string instrument 3855:Modern Study of the Harp 3753:"Jerusalem - King David" 3482:Rimmer (1980) p. 67 3363:Anatomy of the Orchestra 3164:Armenian root dictionary 2947:Ortiz, Alfredo Rolando. 2761:Montagu, Jeremy (2002). 2686:Encyclopaedia Britannica 2580:Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). 2137:. Alfred Publishing Co. 1149:", and several works by 997:harp survives about the 608:) with buzzing bray pins 523:Spring and Autumn period 375:era mosaic excavated at 2773:Oxford University Press 2734:"Muziek voor barokharp" 2517:The Metropolitan Museum 1799:Constitution of Ireland 1673:Coat of arms of Ireland 1459:Structure and mechanism 1393:, or some combination. 1153:which featured harpist 476:recounts how the first 4233:Orchestral instruments 3939:Quotations related to 3759:. Wikimedia Foundation 3501:Koch, John T. (2006). 3177:Թահմիզյան, Ն․ (1997). 2848:. Routledge. pp. 1925: 1871: 1866:St. Maria (Weingarten/ 1833: 1779:Trinity College Dublin 1687: 1675: 1471:Harps are essentially 1468: 1365:The late-20th century 1362: 1302: 1281:Chromatic-strung harps 1233: 1205: 1189: 1124: 1098: 1071: 1026: 1025:Saung musician in 1900 958:Քրքում վակասիր պտուղն 851: 850:man playing a bow harp 816: 806: 800: 771: 769:’, or plains) and the 761: 752: 740: 692: 680: 657: 609: 585: 577: 459:show harp playing. An 427: 426:, Greece, 2800-2700 BC 379: 335: 315: 284: 259:In pedal harp scores, 96: 3710:The Musical Quarterly 3329:de Vale, Sue Carole. 2878:. Vol. 99. 1999. 2425:"History of the Harp" 2285:. Springer. pp. 1920: 1865: 1828: 1767:government of Ireland 1684:Government of Ireland 1681: 1671: 1594:, are not harps, but 1466: 1357: 1300: 1292:inline chromatic harp 1227: 1195: 1178: 1119: 1093: 1065: 1024: 960:սնանէր խուռն տերևով. 845: 678: 655: 603: 583: 565: 432:Cycladic civilization 424:Cycladic civilization 418: 370: 331: 305: 278: 95: 32:Harp (disambiguation) 3931:at Wikimedia Commons 3782:Bova, Lucia (2008). 3576:on 13 September 2016 3491:See Collinson (1983) 3074:El arpa en Venezuela 2974:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2709:The love of Dunhuang 2615:Smithsonian Magazine 2557:Vipulananda (1941). 2485:Encyclopædia Iranica 2165:Encyclopædia Iranica 2012:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 1993:Scottish Premiership 1805:and has appeared on 1771:Trinity College Harp 1697:High King of Ireland 1521:, projecting sound. 1332:electric lever harps 1159:Andreas Vollenweider 962:Տերևն տաւիղ տուողին 945:Lyre, Erebuni Museum 422:seated harp player, 194:that has individual 30:For other uses, see 4228:Baroque instruments 3806:Etymologicum Magnum 3630:Oxford Dictionaries 3600:Oxford Dictionaries 3570:Oxford Dictionaries 3464:Bouchaud, Dominig. 3337:Oxford Music Online 3194:Երաժշտական Հայաստան 1959:and the associated 1901:Many depictions of 1740:King James VI and I 1716:Flight of the Earls 1308:arpa de dos órdenes 1135:Arthur "Harpo" Marx 666:national instrument 558:Ancient Greek harps 455:era paintings from 411:Aegean civilization 324:West Asia and Egypt 299:in the modern era. 110:Related instruments 41: 4223:String instruments 4102:322.212 Chromatic 4086:322.21: w/o tuning 3956:"HarpSpectrum.org" 3867:Harps and Harpists 3606:on 18 October 2015 2951:. HarpSpectrum.org 2584:. BRILL. pp. 2377:10.1093/ml/X.2.108 2243:The British Museum 1926: 1874:In the context of 1872: 1834: 1732:Kingdom of Ireland 1701:Battle of Clontarf 1688: 1676: 1505:on the resonating 1469: 1453:Romantic music era 1363: 1303: 1257:Multi-course harps 1234: 1206: 1190: 1147:She's Leaving Home 1125: 1099: 1072: 1027: 852: 681: 664:is that country's 658: 610: 586: 578: 566:The harper on the 428: 380: 336: 316: 285: 177:Chang (instrument) 97: 18:Origin of the Harp 4205: 4204: 4155: 4154: 4124:322.22: w/ tuning 4092:322.211 Diatonic 4074: 4073: 3927:Media related to 3908:978-1-84714-472-0 3878:978-0-253-34903-3 3837:978-0-520-04832-4 3795:978-88-900691-4-7 3757:Wikimedia Commons 3737:978-0-87930-865-0 3713:. pp. 553ff. 3701:Van Vechten, Carl 3668:978-81-206-1074-3 3516:978-1-85109-440-0 3376:978-0-520-05062-4 3315:978-0-89577-947-2 3288:978-1-60606-013-1 3226:978-1-84714-472-0 3111:978-0-226-10162-0 3028:978-0-87338-439-1 2985:978-0-313-08794-3 2933:978-0-87338-439-1 2904:978-950-686-137-7 2875:Folk Harp Journal 2859:978-1-134-41946-3 2719:978-0-89304-737-5 2664:978-81-85179-78-0 2498:978-0-933273-81-8 2469:978-1-60606-013-1 2199:on 4 March 2016. 2172:on 15 August 2011 2043:Category:Harpists 1942:Irish Independent 1907:King David's tomb 1843:is the symbol of 1795:Presidential Seal 1752:Protectorate Jack 1744:Commonwealth Jack 1644:plucked idiophone 1582:(wind harp), the 1396:All harps have a 1288:cross-strung harp 1263:multi-course harp 1180:New Salem Village 1063: 1009:has been part of 733:Imbabura Province 469:Sangam literature 184: 183: 101:modern pedal harp 58:String instrument 16:(Redirected from 4255: 4083: 4009: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3964: 3959: 3951: 3948:"HarpColumn.com" 3938: 3926: 3912: 3891: 3882: 3870: 3859: 3841: 3820: 3799: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3632:. Archived from 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3602:. Archived from 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3572:. Archived from 3562: 3556: 3555: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3445:. 1 October 1985 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3417:SWI swissinfo.ch 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3391:"Casper Reardon" 3387: 3381: 3380: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3334: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3046: 3033: 3032: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2810: 2799: 2798: 2758: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2284: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2168:. Archived from 2155: 2149: 2148: 2130: 2033:List of harpists 2017: 1969:Northern Ireland 1836:The South Asian 1765:Since 1922, the 1760:flag of Leinster 1756:Richard Cromwell 1720:Elizabethan Wars 1713: 1710: 1414:triangular harps 1336:Lyon & Healy 1097:playing the harp 1064: 966:(Տաղ Վարդավառի) 942: 930: 918: 906: 895:Erebuni Fortress 867:and Mauritanian 819: 809: 803: 779:the traditional 774: 764: 755: 745: 729:Pimampiro Canton 576: 573: 348:ancient Egyptian 136:(Chinese/Korean) 49: 42: 21: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4151: 4119: 4070: 4046: 4000: 3991: 3954: 3946: 3919: 3909: 3894: 3890:. 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