1594:
agreement with the Somali if abolishment of slavery would be a pre-condition. When Kenya became a
British protectorate, this discussion resurfaced as it was seen as shameful to have slavery in the British empire. In Tana River District and the North Eastern Province this discussion focused around the position of the clientized Orma amongst the Somali community. It was clear that the Orma clients had not become clients out of their free will, were in fact slaves and could not leave the Somali. Since these Orma clients were, as long as they adhered to paying tribute and ‘symbolic’ submission, often allowed to live in their own villages and keep livestock. An aspect of the 'symbolic' submission was that Orma girls should always have their first sexual intercourse with a Somali. The children of these women were often considered Somali and it enriched the Ogaden with a mixed population. With some pressure of the British the Somali agreed to the Somali-oromo agreement, which stated that the Orma could return to their brothers on the right bank of the Tana, provided they left half of their livestock with the Somali. This agreement also implied clearly that the Somali should remain on the left bank of the Tana. A good number of the enslaved Orma returned, but since the British had limited military power, they were not in a position to guarantee the return of all the Orma who wanted to cross the river. Initially these back-migrants were called Wardey, also written as Waridei Wardeh and Wardei, etc. In 1939 the Somali refuted the Somali-oromo agreement and no clientized Orma crossed the Tana until after Independence.
1581:. The first attempt in 1842 failed, but in 1844 they tried again and were allowed to enter as clients (shegats). The usual method of Darod penetration into a new area was to adopt a client relationship with the people already there. In practice, this meant that they became herdsboys who were allowed to keep some animals of their own. Then these clients slowly consolidated their numbers until they had achieved parity with or even superiority over the original inhabitants. Around 1865, when smallpox epidemiology weakened the Warra Daya, they were attacked by Darod from the North and to a lesser extent by the Kamba from the West and Masai from the South. The Darod clients joined the conflict and this explained the severity of the conflict and the heavy defeats of the Warra Daya. In 1867 the Somali invited the Warra Daya elders for a great peace offering, which was accepted by the Warra Daya. However, the feast turned out to be an ambush and thousands of Warra Daya were slaughtered. Extensive Somali raids followed the offering. Most of the remaining Warra Daya were forced to cross the River Tana and sought refuge along the southern and eastern banks of the
1551:. In white colonial literature these people are called the Galla. The Oromo never called themselves Galla as they considered the name offensive. In the middle of the twentieth century, following the principle that the name a people use for themselves is to be taken in for official and scientific use, the name Galla was slowly replaced by Oromo. There exist no agreed-upon etymology for this name and both Orma and Oromo are used, although the spelling Oromo is preferred since the second half of the twentieth century. For the group of people discussed here the name Orma is used as this is their self-chosen name. The name Orma forms enough contrast to other tribes in the area, but if we want to distinguish them from other Orma and Oromo and want to prevent confusion, we should specify them as the Tana Orma.
1585:. Large numbers of Orma men were killed and an estimated 8,000 women and children were captured. Women and children were often exploited by the Somali and sold as slaves. Since there was a shortage of women under the Somali, they took Orma women as concubines and some were even married by the Somali. In order to protect the remaining free Warra Daya on the east bank of the Tana from the Somali, in 1909 the few remaining Warra Daya on the east bank of the Tana were moved by the British to the west bank. These Warra Daya on the west bank became known as the Tana Orma. The decimation of the Tana Orma also resulted in their becoming an isolated ethnical group that no longer shared a border with other Oromo-speaking people.
1612:
96% lived in Tana River
District, 2% in other Coast districts and 1.5% in Garissa. The remaining 0.5% lived scattered over Kenya. In 1979 they were estimated at 32,000. Between 1969 and 1979 their increase was 96%, whereas other ethnical groups as the Pokomo in Tana River County had only a population increase of 12%. This large increase was again due to the back-migration and Somali disguised as Wardey. This ‘back-migration’ has continued since. In 2009 the Orma were counted as 74,146. In 2019 their number was 158,993. For the first time the category Wardey was available under the main category Orma and 65,965 of the Orma categorized themselves as Wardey.
1647:
people encroaching on the Pokomo agricultural area. Two factors have contributed to the transformation of the previous fairly harmonious relationship of the two into very antagonistic conflicts. First the population increase has caused pressure on the limited resources. Secondly the Orma have been pushed southwards by Wardey and Somali people. Since these groups are often better armed, the Orma did not have an alternative but to move southwards, which brought them into conflict with the Pokomo.
75:
1467:
112:
22:
1593:
Already in the 19th century there were regularly discussions whether the
British should ignore slavery in Juba area or should take action against it. Theoretically, the British were opposed to any form of slavery, but in practice they condoned it, also because they would not be capable to enforce any
1602:
After the
Independence of Kenya (1963), many of the remaining clientized Orma returned and this explains the huge population increase of the Orma. In 1971 President Kenyatta officially welcomed the Wardey. Nowadays the term Wardey is mainly used for the clients who returned after Independence. Most
1611:
Early population figures of the Tana Orma are scanty. The colonial government estimated the number in 1926 at 2,394. In 1932 they were estimated at 5,000. This increase was due to the return of Wardey. The first full count of the Orma took place in 1962. Their number was counted as 15,985 of which
1748:
Schlee, 1992: 7-8. Lewis analyzed why the Orma were defeated so badly and mentioned that the
Somalis had better weapons, sometimes they used horses, and above all, had higher numbers. Moreover, their area was large and the main body of the Orma lived elsewhere, hence it was difficult for the Tana
1637:
Although originally the Orma were pastoralists, they have now become increasingly sedentary and economically diversified. The majority, however, is still pastoralist. The Orma pattern of seasonal livestock movement is based on alternating use of riverine floodplain pastures in the dry season and
1929:
Kelly, H. (1990), Commercialization, sedentarization, economic diversification and changing property relations among Orma pastoralists of Kenya: some possible target issues for future research. In 'Property, poverty and people: changing rights in property and problems of pastoral development' by
1646:
Especially since the collapse of the Somali state in the nineties, regularly there were conflicts between the Orma, Wardey and Somali in Tana River County. In 2012-13 serious conflicts broke out between the Pokomo and Orma resulting in almost 200 dead people. The cause of the conflicts were Orma
1693:
In an ethnographic journal it was vaguely ('may be') argued that the name Galla is an Oromo word, adopted by neighbours, for there is a word galla "wandering" or "to go home" in their language (International
African Institute Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5, Issue 2 (1969): The Galla of
1628:
Both sexes are circumcised (genitally mutilated, in terms of the girls) but female genital mutilation (FGM) has been a practice of controversy in the recent past and many elders are preaching against the act of (FGM) The Tana Orma strictly adhere to marrying outside their moiety, a universally
1546:
The literature on the Orma, Oromo, Warra Daya, (Wardai, Waridei, and Wardeh) shows that the terminology is extremely confusing. Therefore, first a few comments concerning the terminology. In the oldest literature, the
Cushitic speaking people who nowadays are identified as the Orma and Oromo
1568:
The Warra Daya were first mentioned in an Arabic source in the 15th century. According to
Trenton, they migrated into the Juba area in the 16th century. In the early 19th century they were at the height of their power when they inhabited almost all of the Westbank of
1694:
Ethiopia; The
Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero: North Eastern Africa Part II: 11). Schlee (1992) called most etymological explanations for the name Galla ‘silly’. In his opinion this applies also for explanations as ‘free men’ and ‘the sons of men’.
1830:
This census did not have a category Wardey and these people were recorded as Orma, Somali or other
Kenyans. People who might call themselves in the Northern Eastern Province Somali, might call themselves Orma in Coast
1554:
The Somali still call the Tana Orma Wardey or Warra-Daya. However, the Tana Orma restrict the name Wardey to back-migrants who had lived as serfs under the Somali and who were descendants of Orma captives.
1749:
Orma to request assistance (Lewis,1965: 32). The Orma also repeatedly requested assistance from the Europeans, which they did not get. In practice, their presence contributed to the decline of the Orma.
1577:. West Jubaland (roughly Northern and Eastern Kenya and South Western Somalia). In the 19th century the Darod Somali, particularly Ogaden, advanced southwards across the
1712:
Schlee (1992: 4) argues this strongly. In practice many authors who wrote about this group of people had already done this. For instance, Turnton, 1970 and Kelly, 1992.
2002:
1945:
Schlee, Günther (1992), Who are the Tana Orma? The problem of their identification in a wider Oromo framework (1992). Universität of Bielefeld, Working Paper 170.
1620:
The Tana Orma converted relatively recently to the Islam and primarily after the 1920s and en masse in the 1930s and 1940 and since then almost all are Islamic.
1100:
1497:
1954:
Turton, E.R. (1975), Bantu, Galla and Somali Migrations in the Horn of Africa: a reassessment of the Juba/Tana area. Journal of Africa History, 519-535.
1095:
555:
1351:
1995:
1356:
1920:
1942:
Schlee, Günther (1989), Identities on the move; clanship and pastoralism in Northern Kenya. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1535:
1149:
58:
1975:
2328:
1988:
1159:
1776:
The Britisch always feared that the Somali would cross the Tana. Turnton describes this extensively (Turnton,1970: 501-502).
1490:
1186:
32:
881:
1948:
Townsend, N. (1978), Biased symbiosis on Tana River, in W. Weisleder (ed.), The Nomadic Alternative. The Hague: 289-295.
973:
40:
2333:
921:
1682:
2338:
1547:
speaking people were called Warra Daya. This name was used by the Somali for the Oromo or Southern Galla living in
1361:
205:
2022:
577:
1483:
1302:
1441:
1191:
958:
953:
848:
2269:
2261:
1916:
Darroch, Mahomey, Sharpe, et al (1928), Political Record Book Garissa and Tana River District. Nairobi: KNA.
727:
717:
2135:
1936:
Lewis, I.M. (1965), A Modern History of Somaliland; from Nation to State. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1090:
749:
643:
184:
2323:
2292:
2203:
2011:
1451:
1436:
1307:
1240:
1235:
1154:
963:
679:
533:
528:
1314:
1265:
1951:
Turton, E.R. (1970), The Pastoral Tribes of Northern Kenya 1800 – 1916. Thesis University of London.
2284:
2216:
2110:
1446:
1366:
1213:
1127:
1105:
1012:
754:
446:
376:
1933:
Kirchner, K (2012), Conflicts and Politics in the Tana Delta, Kenya. Leiden: Africa Study Centre.
1603:
of them do not speak Orma. The ones that migrated back during the colonial time are called Orma.
1582:
1411:
1401:
1137:
1020:
817:
722:
684:
569:
550:
1980:
2100:
1523:
1297:
1196:
1164:
968:
945:
856:
701:
689:
658:
648:
476:
79:
2274:
2246:
2221:
1574:
1326:
1270:
1176:
838:
812:
771:
761:
732:
668:
587:
545:
523:
456:
391:
210:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
122:
102:
2241:
2158:
1381:
1371:
1292:
1250:
1208:
1132:
1063:
795:
766:
737:
694:
663:
617:
592:
582:
461:
436:
339:
334:
324:
220:
1926:
Kelly, H. (1992), The Pastoral Orma of Kenya. PhD University of California (Los Angeles).
1538:. They are pastoralists and almost all are Muslims. In 2019 the Orma numbered 158,993.
2226:
2193:
2163:
2148:
2115:
2055:
1519:
1284:
1119:
1058:
1034:
612:
597:
503:
486:
471:
441:
431:
93:
2317:
2178:
2143:
2125:
2105:
2090:
2070:
2060:
2040:
2035:
2030:
1970:
1431:
1406:
1376:
1319:
1255:
998:
926:
871:
827:
800:
513:
496:
481:
451:
426:
411:
364:
344:
242:
607:
2251:
2231:
2211:
2183:
2153:
2120:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2065:
1515:
1471:
1245:
1048:
911:
886:
805:
518:
508:
466:
401:
396:
386:
381:
359:
354:
349:
329:
297:
247:
200:
74:
1683:
https://web.archive.org/web/20131121153548/http://www.knbs.or.ke/censusethnic.php
2236:
2188:
2168:
2095:
2050:
2045:
1570:
1260:
1223:
1043:
993:
916:
896:
891:
866:
421:
416:
406:
312:
262:
215:
2173:
1578:
1396:
1331:
1181:
931:
822:
371:
282:
195:
1386:
1218:
742:
622:
230:
111:
2304:
1548:
1531:
602:
292:
1073:
1068:
901:
302:
287:
252:
1638:
more arid pastures with scattered wells and ponds in the wet season.
1078:
906:
861:
706:
653:
632:
627:
491:
307:
272:
267:
257:
1527:
1053:
317:
277:
225:
83:
73:
1939:
Rowlands, J.S.S. (1955), An Outline of Tana River History. Mimeo.
1534:. They share a common language and cultural heritage with other
1391:
876:
1984:
15:
1849:
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2019, Volume IV: 423.
1642:
Conflicts between the Tana Orma and other ethnical groups
2283:
2260:
2202:
2134:
2021:
2305:Population and Housing Census - Ethnic Affiliation
1919:Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2019), 2019
1629:practised custom by all Oromo speaking people.
35:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
1996:
1491:
1101:The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival
8:
1573:River to their east bordering the powerful
2003:
1989:
1981:
1498:
1484:
88:
1960:Unknown (1933), Telemugger Annual Report.
1957:Unknown (1932), Telemugger Annual Report.
59:Learn how and when to remove this message
1096:Kenya Institute of Puppet Theatre (KIPT)
1785:Unknown, 1932 and 1932. Darroch, et al.
1656:
837:
201:Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture
100:
1589:Somali-Oromo agreement and the Wardey
7:
1758:Turnton, 1970: 146-147, 160 and 221.
1921:Kenya Population and Housing Census
206:Savanna Pastoral Neolithic Culture
14:
1976:2012 Tana River District clashes
1465:
110:
71:Oromo clan in the Horn of Africa
20:
1840:This figure includes the Galla.
1160:Kenya Film Classification Board
1187:Kenya Broadcasting Corporation
1:
1903:Kirchner, 2013: 76 and 94-5.
1930:Baxter, P.W.T. and Hogg, R.
922:Rusinga (Cultural) Festival
151:Portuguese and Omani period
2355:
1522:who predominantly live in
1362:Lothagam North Pillar Site
2301:
1303:Football Kenya Federation
1885:Kirchner, 2013: i and 3)
1192:Kenya Television Network
1150:Communications Authority
161:Early post Independence
156:British Colonial Period
2329:Ethnic groups in Kenya
2015:(by linguistic origin)
2012:Ethnic groups in Kenya
1091:Kenya National Theatre
877:Lamu Cultural Festival
86:
1452:Coat of arms of Kenya
1308:Kenyan Premier League
1241:Business Daily Africa
1236:The African Executive
1155:Kenya Film Commission
964:African Inland Church
77:
1812:Rowland, 1955: 24-5.
1407:Dedan Kimathi Statue
1352:World Heritage Sites
1315:Rugby union in Kenya
1876:Kelly, 1992: 21>
1447:Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu
1214:CRI Nairobi 91.9 FM
1144:Government agencies
1106:Too Early for Birds
1037:and performing arts
216:Elmenteitan culture
196:Koobi Fora Hominins
146:Swahili city states
2334:Tana River (Kenya)
1739:Turnton, 1970: 73.
1672:Kelly, 1992:20-21.
1607:Population figures
1412:Baden-Powell grave
1402:Tom Mboya Monument
1138:Nation Media Group
1021:Swahili literature
818:Kalenjin mythology
551:Kenyan Australians
237:Modern ethnicities
87:
39:You can assist by
2339:Tana River County
2311:
2310:
2016:
1858:Kelly, 1992: 301.
1803:Kelly, 1992: 359.
1767:Schlee, 1989: 43.
1721:Schlee, 1992: 4).
1524:Tana River County
1508:
1507:
1357:List of Monuments
1298:Football in Kenya
1197:Tinga Tinga Tales
1165:Kenya News Agency
80:Tana River County
69:
68:
61:
2346:
2014:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1894:Townsend, 1978).
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1821:Kelly, 1992: 20.
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1794:Kelly, 1990: 82.
1792:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:Turnton,1970: 60
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1663:Kelly, 1992: 20.
1661:
1575:Geledi Sultanate
1530:and in southern
1500:
1493:
1486:
1472:Kenya portal
1470:
1469:
1468:
1327:Cricket in Kenya
1177:A24 news channel
813:Maasai mythology
546:Kenyan Americans
211:Eburran industry
191:Historic peoples
141:African iron age
114:
105:
103:Culture of Kenya
89:
78:Orma village in
64:
57:
53:
50:
44:
24:
23:
16:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2297:
2279:
2256:
2198:
2130:
2017:
2009:
1967:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1566:
1561:
1544:
1504:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1442:National anthem
1427:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1382:Jumba la Mtwana
1372:Thimlich Ohinga
1347:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1293:Athletics Kenya
1288:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1251:The EastAfrican
1209:98.4 Capital FM
1123:
1122:
1111:
1110:
1085:Performing arts
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1004:
1003:
994:Traditional art
989:
988:
979:
978:
949:
948:
937:
936:
852:
851:
833:
832:
796:Bantu mythology
791:
790:
781:
780:
573:
572:
561:
560:
221:Sirikwa culture
188:
187:
176:
175:
126:
125:
101:
72:
65:
54:
48:
45:
38:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1686:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1543:
1540:
1520:Horn of Africa
1514:is one of the
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:Kenyan hip hop
1056:
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857:New Year's Day
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556:Kenyan Britons
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171:Recent history
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1971:Orma language
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1703:Schlee (1997.
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1518:clans in the
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1377:Ruins of Gedi
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1332:Golf in Kenya
1330:
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1320:Safari Sevens
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1256:Kenya Gazette
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999:Wangechi Mutu
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927:Christmas Day
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872:Easter Monday
870:
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829:
828:Luanda Magere
826:
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728:West Germanic
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718:Indo-European
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557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
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543:
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541:
535:
532:
530:
529:White Kenyans
527:
525:
524:Kenyan Asians
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
498:
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256:
254:
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250:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
232:
229:
227:
226:Urewe culture
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
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192:
186:
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172:
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149:
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139:
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128:
124:
118:
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109:
108:
104:
99:
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91:
90:
85:
81:
76:
63:
60:
52:
42:
36:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
2324:Oromo groups
2217:Borana Oromo
2136:Nilo-Saharan
1911:Bibliography
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1867:Kelly, 1992.
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1689:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1598:Independence
1592:
1567:
1553:
1545:
1526:in northern
1511:
1509:
1437:Coat of arms
1266:The Standard
1246:Daily Nation
1229:
1228:
1202:
1201:
1170:
1169:
1143:
1142:
1084:
1083:
912:Mashujaa Day
887:Madaraka Day
750:Indo-Iranian
644:Nilo-Saharan
539:
538:
534:Kenyan Arabs
236:
235:
190:
55:
46:
33:copy editing
31:may require
30:
2204:Afroasiatic
2023:Niger–Congo
1542:Terminology
1536:Oromo clans
1367:Namoratunga
1261:Kenya Times
1224:Radio Maria
959:Anglicanism
954:Catholicism
917:Jamhuri Day
897:Eid al-Adha
892:Eid al-Fitr
867:Good Friday
680:Afroasiatic
578:Niger–Congo
131:Pleistocene
49:August 2024
2318:Categories
1651:References
1633:Livelihood
1583:Tana River
1579:Dawa River
1397:Fort Jesus
1230:Newspapers
1182:Citizen TV
1171:Television
1128:Television
1013:Literature
932:Boxing Day
902:Huduma Day
882:Labour day
823:Kit-Mikayi
755:Hindustani
41:editing it
2222:Daasanach
2101:Mijikenda
1831:Province.
1392:Siyu Fort
1387:Lamu Fort
1345:Monuments
1219:Pamoja FM
849:Festivals
789:Mythology
743:Afrikaans
623:Kigiryama
613:Oluluhyia
570:Languages
477:Mijikenda
231:Shungwaya
136:Neolithic
2303:Source:
2293:European
2285:European
2242:Rendille
2159:Kalenjin
1965:See also
1616:Religion
1564:Overview
1549:Jubaland
1532:Ethiopia
1271:The Star
946:Religion
723:Germanic
690:Rendille
685:Cushitic
659:Kalenjin
618:Kipokomo
603:Ekegusii
540:Diaspora
462:Rendille
437:Ilchamus
340:Kipsigis
335:Marakwet
325:Kalenjin
293:Maragoli
94:a series
92:Part of
2270:Chinese
2227:El Molo
2194:Turkana
2164:Samburu
2116:Swahili
2056:Giriama
1624:Culture
1559:History
1425:Symbols
1074:Soukous
1069:Ohangla
1064:Lingala
974:Judaism
969:Quakers
839:Cuisine
772:Italian
733:English
702:Semitic
669:Turkana
649:Nilotic
608:Kimîîru
588:Swahili
504:Swahili
487:Giriama
472:Sengwer
442:Turkana
432:Samburu
303:Tachoni
288:Marachi
253:Banyala
166:Moi Era
123:History
2275:Indian
2247:Somali
2179:Maasai
2149:Ateker
2144:Ariaal
2126:Taveta
2106:Pokomo
2091:Mbeere
2071:Kikuyu
2061:Jibana
2041:Chonyi
2036:Bajuni
2031:Agumba
1681:See:
1133:Cinema
1079:Taarab
1049:Boomba
907:Diwali
862:Mawlid
806:Akamba
801:Gikuyu
767:French
762:Italic
738:German
707:Arabic
695:Somali
654:Dholuo
633:bajuni
628:Kiembu
593:Kikuyu
514:Taveta
497:Chonyi
492:Duruma
482:Jibana
452:Sakuye
447:Borana
427:Maasai
412:Mbeere
392:Somali
365:Sabaot
345:Elgeyo
308:Tiriki
298:Marama
273:Isukha
268:Idakho
258:Bukusu
243:Kikuyu
185:People
96:on the
2262:Asian
2252:Yaaku
2232:Gabra
2212:Aweer
2184:Okiek
2154:Camus
2121:Taita
2086:Luhya
2081:Kuria
2076:Kisii
2066:Kamba
1571:Jubba
1528:Kenya
1516:Oromo
1285:Sport
1203:Radio
1120:Media
1054:Genge
1044:Benga
1035:Music
598:Kamba
583:Bantu
519:Okiek
509:Taita
467:Gabra
402:Kuria
397:Kisii
387:Kamba
382:Kunta
360:Pokot
355:Terik
350:Tugen
330:Nandi
318:Wanga
313:Samia
278:Khayo
248:Luhya
84:Kenya
2237:Orma
2189:Teso
2169:Kore
2111:Suba
2096:Meru
2051:Embu
2046:Digo
1512:Orma
1510:The
1432:Flag
457:Orma
422:Teso
417:Embu
407:Meru
377:Suba
283:Kisa
263:Gisu
2174:Luo
987:Art
664:Maa
372:Luo
2320::
82:,
2004:e
1997:t
1990:v
1923:.
1499:e
1492:t
1485:v
62:)
56:(
51:)
47:(
43:.
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
