245:
53:
75:
367:
952:, the animal would still have been required to overcome seven water barriers, a series of voyages "no less wondrous than those of Sindbad." Instead, he argued that the animal reached the islands directly on a raft from mainland South America, probably from one of the continent's large rivers.
428:, both new names proposed by Ray are not available and cannot be used in formal zoological nomenclature. The name has rarely been used in the literature on Antillean oryzomyines since, and no formal description has been published; thus, the animal still lacks a formally available name.
482:
The
Barbudan material, and particularly the skulls, shows a number of features distinctive enough for an oryzomyine to persuade Ray to allocate it to its own subgenus and species. The front part of the skull is short and broad. The
352:, which includes various other Antillean oryzomyines, and derives from a separate colonization of the Lesser Antilles by oryzomyines. In the original description, it was placed close to a species now placed in
1310:
Pregill, G.K., Steadman, D.W. and
Watters, D.R. 1994. Late Quaternary vertebrate faunas of the Lesser Antilles: historical components of Caribbean biogeography. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History
789:, a similarly formed interorbital, supraorbital crests situated close together near the middle of the skull, and presence of an anteromedian flexus on the upper first molar. Ray suggested that the origin of "
479:, and various others. At the time of Ray's writing, the material from Antigua had not yet been completely sorted out, and consequently the description is based mainly on specimens from Barbuda.
435:". New material has come from Indian Creek and Burma's Quarry on Antigua and from Indiantown Trail and Sufferers on Barbuda. These studies referred the Antigua and Barbuda material to "
1355:
Watters, D.R., Reitz, E.J., Steadman, D.W. and
Pregill, G.K. 1984. Vertebrates from archaeological sites on Barbuda, West Indies. Annals of Carnegie Museum 53(13):383–412.
671:
are from the same island, a close relation between the two would be expected, but the two differ so much that Ray declared any special relationship between the genus
451:. In addition to this large species, other, smaller oryzomyines may also have occurred on Antigua; two species of oryzomyine were also formerly present on Barbuda.
825:" material was found in red to yellow unconsolidated sediments on the cave floor which were partially overlain by a darker sediment that yielded the introduced
425:
320:
1358:
Wing, E.S., Hoffman, C.A., Jr. and Ray, C.E. 1968. Vertebrate remains from Indian sites on
Antigua, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 8(3–4):123–139.
431:
Large oryzomyines from
Antigua and Barbuda have been reported in several subsequent studies, but these did not explicitly refer the material to Ray's "
1383:
2989:
968:
All measurements are in millimeters. Where two measurements are given, the first refers to the left and the second to the right side of the skull.
730:" shows a relatively large zygomatic breadth of the skull, whereas the relative value is at the lower end of the variation among oryzomyines in
1343:
1326:
685:, which is known only from an upper incisor and a lower jaw with the first molar missing, falls far outside the range of variation of "
3004:
1314:
Ray, C. E. 1962. The
Oryzomyine Rodents of the Antillean Subregion. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Harvard University, 211 pp.
2994:
1282:
Auffenberg, W. 1958. A small fossil herpetofauna from
Barbuda, Leeward Islands, with the description of a new species of
487:
of the skull (located between the eyes) is narrower than that of any other oryzomyine. The squamosal (back) roots of the
327:" in the absence of a formally available name. The species is now thought to be extinct, but association with introduced
1376:
1333:
Fossil vertebrates from
Antigua, Lesser Antilles: Evidence for late Holocene human-caused extinctions in the West Indies
948:) from mainland South America along the Lesser Antilles all the way to Barbuda. Even when sea levels dropped during the
845:
944:. Ray thought it improbable that the ancestor of the animal reached the islands through repeated overwater dispersal (
388:" were first found on Barbuda in the summer of 1958 and subsequently on Antigua in 1961. In his 1962 Ph.D. thesis at
1289:
Frost, D.R. 2009. Amphibian
Species of the World: an online reference. Version 5.3 (12 February 2009). Available at
74:
2582:
244:
2913:
2589:
1036:
2906:
1695:
1580:
1459:
507:) are extremely short. The molars are large. The palate is short, extending barely beyond the third molar. The
436:
424:" probably reached its islands. Because Ray's thesis does not meet the definition of a "published work" in the
2935:
2862:
2624:
2568:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2339:
2332:
2259:
2038:
1802:
1369:
903:
857:
851:
336:
It is known from abundant skeletal elements, which document it as the largest known oryzomyine, on par with
831:, indicating deposition after the first European contact around 1500. These sediments are probably ancient
2617:
2575:
2325:
2210:
1852:
1780:
1466:
775:
1234:
Ray, 1962, table 10; Frost, 2009, Uetz et al., 2009, Peterson, 1992, Simmons, 2005, for nomenclature
2942:
2610:
2596:
2526:
2287:
2266:
2217:
1980:
1942:
1773:
1759:
1709:
1674:
915:
517:
338:
213:
2855:
2833:
2631:
2603:
2561:
2533:
2519:
2490:
2294:
2224:
2045:
1987:
1934:
1866:
1809:
1766:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1702:
1688:
1601:
1573:
897:
869:
573:
420:, combines Ancient Greek εκβλητος (ekblêtos) "cast up" and μυς (mus) "mouse", referring to the way "
2999:
2734:
2705:
2691:
2683:
2639:
2346:
2317:
2280:
1950:
1816:
1731:
1587:
881:
821:, also in Antigua and Barbuda, which has not been described in detail. In both Barbuda caves, the "
814:
512:
484:
253:
810:
689:" and in addition, it differs in the shape of the folds of the molars, which are broader than in "
2497:
2406:
2392:
2252:
2188:
1926:
1880:
1845:
1681:
1566:
930:
909:
667:
468:
389:
376:
69:
1317:
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order
Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.).
2826:
2476:
2427:
2273:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2174:
2160:
2138:
2131:
1994:
1859:
1838:
1594:
1339:
1322:
941:
921:
52:
2720:
2712:
2483:
2448:
2441:
2420:
2167:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2016:
2006:
1958:
1608:
706:
492:
316:
234:
185:
2698:
2469:
2462:
2434:
2413:
2399:
2181:
2124:
1873:
1361:
1040:
413:
295:
2953:
2896:
2726:
945:
887:
875:
863:
758:" and incisors are larger, reflecting relatively large molars and slender incisors in "
488:
779:, a species which at the time encompassed virtually all forms now placed in the genus
2983:
2845:
2780:
2770:
1520:
1510:
1438:
836:
504:
448:
409:
150:
366:
2925:
2509:
2028:
1664:
1652:
1642:
1544:
1533:
1498:
1490:
1479:
892:
515:. The length of the holotype skull is larger than that of all specimens but one of
1332:
940:" must have reached the islands through overwater dispersal, probably by means of
746:
also has relatively short incisive foramina, but not nearly as short as those in "
17:
1290:
722:
is slightly smaller. In sharp contrast to the relatively narrow interorbital in "
2661:
2651:
2455:
2306:
1721:
1630:
1620:
1321:. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp.
949:
933:, and the Antigua material ranges in age from about 2500 BCE to post-Columbian.
39:
2964:
2884:
2874:
2758:
2747:
2370:
2359:
2200:
1792:
1556:
1449:
1432:
1393:
832:
781:
508:
444:
440:
354:
280:
277:
160:
140:
1338:
Turvey, S.T. 2009. Holocene Extinctions. Oxford University Press US, 359 pp.
1970:
1915:
1828:
1305:
Late Holocene fossil vertebrates from Burma Quarry, Antigua, Lesser Antilles
786:
785:. The two agree in their robust skull with short incisive foramina, a broad
735:
673:
348:
90:
750:". Although overall skull length is about equal in both species, molars of
681:" to be "out of the question". In all measurements that could be examined,
491:(cheekbones) are oriented perpendicular to the main axis of the skull. The
323:
and the species remains formally unnamed. It is currently referred to as "
2816:
2804:
2793:
2673:
2150:
2079:
2067:
2057:
1902:
1892:
1414:
476:
397:
311:
299:
110:
61:
43:
2382:
1063:
Steadman et al., 1984; Watters et al., 1984; Pregill et al., 1988, 1994
818:
500:
472:
343:
291:
287:
261:
463:" is known from numerous bones from Barbuda, including over a hundred
1426:
1420:
1408:
1286:. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 21(3):248–254.
1033:
827:
496:
329:
283:
130:
120:
100:
1304:
1349:
464:
365:
1319:
Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
1303:
Pregill, G.K., Steadman, D.W., Olson, S.L. and Grady, F.V. 1988.
408:, is derived from ύπηνεμος (hypênemos), which means "leeward" in
392:, paleontologist Clayton E. Ray described them as a new species,
1365:
1335:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 81:4448–4451.
1318:
1296:
Peterson, A.P. 2002. Zoonomen Nomenclatural data. Available at
346:. Its morphological features indicate that it is distinct from
1032:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1999, Art. 8.
511:(front cusp) of the first upper molar is divided by a marked
475:(skull) fragments, one of which was designated by Ray as the
333:
indicates that it survived until before 1500 BCE on Antigua.
1207:
Ray, 1962, p. 109; Pregill et al., 1994, pp. 16–17
809:" is known from material from two small limestone caves at
693:", and in the more elongate form of the lower third molar.
1348:
Uetz, P., et al. 2009. The Reptile Database. Available at
1297:
396:, which he considered distinctive enough to merit its own
726:", these two taxa show a very broad interorbital. Also, "
977:
The toothless space between the incisors and the molars.
527:
439:", which is also known from archeological material on
1307:. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 463:1–27.
358:, but its relationships have not been studied since.
1331:
Steadman, D.W., Pregill, G.K. and Olson, S.L. 1984.
1293:. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
1089:
1087:
700:
species known to have survived into historic times,
222:
198:
171:
2952:
2923:
2894:
2872:
2843:
2814:
2790:
2768:
2744:
2671:
2649:
2507:
2380:
2356:
2304:
2198:
2148:
2077:
2055:
2026:
2004:
1968:
1912:
1890:
1826:
1790:
1719:
1662:
1640:
1618:
1554:
1530:
1508:
1476:
1447:
817:and from a site named Mill Reef in the far east of
525:" is among the largest oryzomyine species known.
696:More complete material is available for the two
412:and refers to the species' distribution in the
1291:http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/
813:at the eastern side of the island of Barbuda,
298:. It was described as the only species of the
1377:
426:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
321:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
793:" lies in a continental ancestor similar to
936:In order to colonize Barbuda and Antigua, "
1384:
1370:
1362:
471:(bones of the hindlimb), four substantial
243:
51:
31:
929:" are probably very late Quaternary, but
738:bone is much longer and more slender in "
315:in a 1962 Ph.D. thesis, but that name is
529:Measurements of four partial skulls of "
1167:
1165:
1128:
1126:
1054:Turvey, 2009, unnumbered table, note 20
989:
961:
1050:
1048:
555:Greatest skull length (without nasals)
7:
609:Width of palate between first molars
1034:http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp
25:
843:) and they also yielded the frog
1102:Ray, 1962, pp. 107, 116–117
1072:Pregill et al., 1988, p. 22
773:" to be most closely related to
73:
1350:http://www.reptile-database.org
2990:Mammals of Antigua and Barbuda
1352:. Accessed September 11, 2009.
1300:. Accessed September 11, 2009.
1005:Turvey, 2009, unnumbered table
925:. The deposits that included "
1:
1014:Auffenberg, 1958, p. 248
734:. The hamular process of the
846:Eleutherodactylus johnstonei
643:Crown length of upper molars
626:Minimum interorbital breadth
1252:Ray, 1962, pp. 176–185
1216:Ray, 1962, pp. 109–110
1189:Ray, 1962, pp. 165–166
1081:Ray, 1962, pp. 112–115
754:are smaller than those of "
416:, and the subgeneric name,
3021:
592:Length of incisive foramen
3005:Prehistoric rodent genera
1403:
251:
242:
219:
212:
70:Scientific classification
68:
59:
50:
34:
801:Distribution and habitat
1298:http://www.zoonomen.net
904:Brachyphylla cavernarum
858:Pholidoscelis griswoldi
852:Thecadactylus rapicauda
1270:Ray, 1962, p. 189
1261:Ray, 1962, p. 188
1243:Ray, 1962, p. 112
1225:Ray, 1962, p. 110
1198:Ray, 1962, p. 167
1180:Ray, 1962, p. 127
1171:Ray, 1962, p. 124
1159:Ray, 1962, p. 121
1150:Ray, 1962, p. 120
1132:Ray, 1962, p. 165
1120:Ray, 1962, p. 164
1093:Ray, 1962, p. 107
891:, and an unidentified
714:is about as large as "
381:
916:Tadarida brasiliensis
762:" and the reverse in
518:Megalomys desmarestii
437:Undescribed species B
404:. The specific name,
369:
339:Megalomys desmarestii
2995:Holocene extinctions
2965:Ekbletomys hypenemus
1499:A. praeuniversitatis
898:Mormoops blainvillei
870:Puffinus lherminieri
807:Ekbletomys hypenemus
776:Oryzomys albigularis
342:, another Antillean
325:Ekbletomys hypenemus
286:from the islands of
272:Ekbletomys hypenemus
258:Ekbletomys hypenemus
1141:Ray, 1962, table 33
1111:Ray, 1962, table 11
996:Ray, 1962, table 10
882:Columbina passerina
815:Antigua and Barbuda
712:M. desmarestii
702:M. desmarestii
534:
521:, indicating that "
513:anteromedian flexus
485:interorbital region
254:Antigua and Barbuda
1039:2009-05-24 at the
910:Natalus stramineus
841:Athene cunicularia
668:Megalomys audreyae
531:Oryzomys hypenemus
528:
433:Oryzomys hypenemus
394:Oryzomys hypenemus
390:Harvard University
382:
377:Megalomys audreyae
18:Oryzomys hypenemus
2975:
2974:
1397:
1392:Species of tribe
1344:978-0-19-953509-5
1327:978-0-8018-8221-0
922:Molossus molossus
659:
658:
495:(openings in the
493:incisive foramina
267:
266:
227:Ekbletomys nasuta
60:Side view of the
16:(Redirected from
3012:
2583:O. longicaudatus
2007:Microakodontomys
1631:D. albimaculatus
1581:C. maracajuensis
1460:A. galapagoensis
1395:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1277:Literature cited
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
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1223:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
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1190:
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1094:
1091:
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1079:
1073:
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1061:
1055:
1052:
1043:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
978:
975:
969:
966:
769:Ray considered "
535:
489:zygomatic arches
247:
235:unavailable name
229:
224:
200:
186:unavailable name
173:
82:
78:
77:
55:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2948:
2919:
2890:
2868:
2839:
2810:
2786:
2764:
2740:
2667:
2645:
2590:O. magellanicus
2503:
2491:O. sydandersoni
2376:
2352:
2300:
2260:N. maculiventer
2194:
2144:
2073:
2051:
2022:
2017:M. transitorius
2000:
1964:
1908:
1886:
1853:H. megacephalus
1822:
1803:H. brasiliensis
1786:
1715:
1658:
1636:
1614:
1550:
1526:
1504:
1472:
1443:
1399:
1390:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:Wayback Machine
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
982:
981:
976:
972:
967:
963:
958:
895:; and the bats
835:deposited by a
803:
457:
414:Leeward Islands
370:Restoration of
364:
296:Lesser Antilles
238:
231:
221:
208:
189:
182:
181:
80:
79:
72:
46:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3018:
3016:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2956:
2954:Incertae sedis
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2900:
2897:Transandinomys
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2834:S. ucayalensis
2830:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2753:
2751:
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2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2340:N. narboroughi
2336:
2333:N. fernandinae
2329:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2211:N. albigularis
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2063:
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2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1981:M. caliginosus
1976:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1943:M. desmarestii
1938:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1696:E. macconnelli
1692:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1467:A. xanthaeolus
1463:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1336:
1329:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1044:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
988:
986:
983:
980:
979:
970:
960:
959:
957:
954:
946:island hopping
888:Tiaris bicolor
876:Zenaida aurita
864:Anolis leachii
849:; the lizards
802:
799:
720:M. luciae
707:M. luciae
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
606:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
456:
453:
363:
360:
265:
264:
249:
248:
240:
239:
232:
217:
216:
210:
209:
204:E. nasuta
197:
195:
191:
190:
183:
170:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
37:
27:Extinct rodent
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3017:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:Z. brevicauda
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2914:T. talamancae
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:Sigmodontomys
2842:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2805:R. primigenus
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2771:Pseudoryzomys
2767:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2735:O. peninsulae
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:O. palustris
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:O. dimidiatus
2703:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:O. antillarum
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:O. albiventer
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:O. stramineus
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:O. fulvescens
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2555:O. flavescens
2552:
2550:
2549:
2548:O. destructor
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:O. chacoensis
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2498:O. trinitatis
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:O. catherinae
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:O. auyantepui
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2326:N. indefessus
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:N. pectoralis
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:N. meridensis
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2218:N. auriventer
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:M. altissimus
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1988:M. robustulus
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1935:M. curazensis
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1867:H. perenensis
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1781:H. saturatior
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:Amphinectomys
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1439:Sigmodontinae
1436:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
974:
971:
965:
962:
955:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
931:pre-Columbian
928:
924:
923:
918:
917:
912:
911:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
890:
889:
884:
883:
878:
877:
872:
871:
866:
865:
860:
859:
854:
853:
848:
847:
842:
838:
837:burrowing owl
834:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
778:
777:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
670:
669:
664:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
575:
571:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
536:
532:
526:
524:
520:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
452:
450:
449:Marie-Galante
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:Ancient Greek
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
378:
373:
368:
361:
359:
357:
356:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
334:
332:
331:
326:
322:
318:
317:not available
314:
313:
308:
306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
273:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
241:
236:
233:(Ray, 1962) (
230:
228:
218:
215:
214:Binomial name
211:
207:
205:
196:
193:
192:
187:
180:
178:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:Sigmodontinae
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
76:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2977:
2962:
2941:
2934:
2926:Zygodontomys
2924:
2912:
2907:T. bolivaris
2905:
2895:
2883:
2873:
2863:S. aphrastus
2861:
2854:
2844:
2832:
2825:
2815:
2803:
2792:
2779:
2769:
2757:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2672:
2662:O. balneator
2660:
2650:
2638:
2630:
2623:
2618:O. rupestris
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2576:O. griseolus
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2510:Oligoryzomys
2508:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2477:O. speciosus
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:O. flavicans
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2381:
2371:N. vespuccii
2369:
2358:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2305:
2295:N. pirrensis
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2225:N. caracolus
2223:
2216:
2209:
2199:
2189:N. squamipes
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2066:
2056:
2044:
2037:
2029:Microryzomys
2027:
2015:
2005:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1969:
1957:
1951:M. georginae
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1914:
1901:
1891:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1815:
1810:H. chacarius
1808:
1801:
1791:
1779:
1774:H. rostratus
1772:
1765:
1760:H. melanotis
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1665:Euryoryzomys
1663:
1651:
1643:Eremoryzomys
1641:
1629:
1619:
1607:
1602:C. subflavus
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1574:C. langguthi
1572:
1565:
1555:
1543:
1534:Carletonomys
1532:
1519:
1509:
1497:
1489:
1480:Agathaeromys
1478:
1465:
1458:
1448:
1283:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
973:
964:
937:
935:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
886:
880:
874:
868:
867:; the birds
862:
856:
850:
844:
840:
826:
822:
811:Two Foot Bay
806:
804:
794:
790:
780:
774:
770:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
705:
701:
697:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
672:
666:
662:
660:
530:
522:
516:
499:between the
481:
469:tibiofibulae
460:
458:
432:
430:
421:
417:
405:
401:
393:
385:
384:Remains of "
383:
375:
372:E. hypenemus
371:
353:
347:
337:
335:
328:
324:
310:
304:
302:
271:
269:
268:
257:
252:Location of
226:
220:
203:
201:
176:
174:
81:(unresolved)
35:"Ekbletomys"
29:
2943:Z. brunneus
2827:S. melanops
2652:Oreoryzomys
2611:O. nigripes
2597:O. microtis
2527:O. arenalis
2484:O. superans
2449:O. phaeotis
2442:O. paricola
2421:O. concolor
2307:Nesoryzomys
2281:N. nimbosus
2175:N. palmipes
2161:N. apicalis
2139:N. tenuipes
2132:N. spinosus
2068:M. hammondi
1927:M. audreyae
1881:H. yunganus
1846:H. laticeps
1817:H. sciureus
1767:H. rhabdops
1753:H. intectus
1746:H. fuscatus
1739:H. chapmani
1722:Handleyomys
1710:E. russatus
1675:E. emmonsae
1621:Drymoreomys
1588:C. marinhus
1491:A. donovani
1437:Subfamily:
1396:(rice rats)
1394:Oryzomyini
950:Pleistocene
833:owl pellets
683:M. audreyae
538:Measurement
455:Description
184:Ray, 1962 (
147:Subfamily:
40:Pleistocene
3000:Oryzomyini
2984:Categories
2885:S. angouya
2875:Sooretamys
2781:P. simplex
2759:P. nivalis
2748:Pennatomys
2721:O. nelsoni
2713:O. gorgasi
2632:O. vegetus
2604:O. moojeni
2562:O. fornesi
2534:O. brendae
2520:O. andinus
2470:O. rutilus
2463:O. roberti
2435:O. mamorae
2414:O. cleberi
2400:O. bicolor
2360:Noronhomys
2347:N. swarthi
2318:N. darwini
2253:N. levipes
2201:Nephelomys
2168:N. grandis
2118:N. paracou
2111:N. musseri
2104:N. minutus
2097:N. guianae
2090:N. dubosti
2046:M. minutus
1995:M. zunigae
1903:L. molitor
1860:H. oniscus
1839:H. acritus
1793:Holochilus
1732:H. alfaroi
1703:E. nitidus
1689:E. legatus
1567:C. goytaca
1557:Cerradomys
1521:A. savamis
1450:Aegialomys
1433:Cricetidae
985:References
938:Ekbletomys
927:Ekbletomys
893:fringillid
823:Ekbletomys
795:Nephelomys
791:Ekbletomys
782:Nephelomys
771:Ekbletomys
760:Ekbletomys
756:Ekbletomys
748:Ekbletomys
740:Ekbletomys
728:Ekbletomys
724:Ekbletomys
716:Ekbletomys
691:Ekbletomys
687:Ekbletomys
679:Ekbletomys
663:Ekbletomys
646:10.3, 10.2
572:Length of
550:UF 2951 E
523:Ekbletomys
509:anterocone
461:Ekbletomys
445:Montserrat
441:Guadeloupe
422:Ekbletomys
418:Ekbletomys
402:Ekbletomys
386:Ekbletomys
355:Nephelomys
319:under the
305:Ekbletomys
281:oryzomyine
177:Ekbletomys
161:Oryzomyini
141:Cricetidae
2856:S. alfari
2699:O. couesi
2640:O. victus
2274:N. moerex
2246:N. keaysi
2239:N. devius
2232:N. childi
2182:N. rattus
2125:N. pictus
1971:Melanomys
1959:M. luciae
1916:Megalomys
1829:Hylaeamys
1653:E. polius
1595:C. scotti
1545:C. cailoi
1407:Kingdom:
1023:Ray, 1962
956:Footnotes
787:braincase
764:Megalomys
752:Megalomys
744:Megalomys
736:squamosal
732:Megalomys
698:Megalomys
674:Megalomys
547:UF 2814 I
406:hypenemus
380:(smaller)
349:Megalomys
309:of genus
256:, where "
194:Species:
97:Kingdom:
91:Eukaryota
2817:Scolomys
2794:Reigomys
2674:Oryzomys
2151:Nectomys
2080:Neacomys
2058:Mindomys
1893:Lundomys
1874:H. tatei
1682:E. lamia
1609:C. vivoi
1431:Family:
1427:Rodentia
1421:Mammalia
1415:Chordata
1413:Phylum:
1409:Animalia
1311:30:1–51.
1037:Archived
655:–, 10.2
574:diastema
503:and the
501:incisors
477:holotype
398:subgenus
362:Taxonomy
312:Oryzomys
300:subgenus
137:Family:
131:Rodentia
121:Mammalia
111:Chordata
107:Phylum:
101:Animalia
87:Domain:
62:holotype
44:Holocene
2383:Oecomys
1425:Order:
1419:Class:
942:rafting
819:Antigua
649:10.4, –
544:UF 2815
541:UF 2816
473:cranium
344:endemic
292:Barbuda
288:Antigua
278:extinct
262:endemic
167:Genus:
157:Tribe:
127:Order:
117:Class:
2456:O. rex
1342:
1325:
919:, and
861:, and
828:Rattus
718:" and
665:" and
505:molars
497:palate
465:femora
330:Rattus
284:rodent
276:is an
260:" was
64:skull
677:and "
1340:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1284:Hyla
704:and
661:As "
638:8.3
581:17.3
578:18.3
558:60.4
467:and
447:and
374:and
290:and
635:8.1
632:8.3
629:7.1
615:5.5
612:6.2
598:5.9
595:6.5
533:".
2986::
1164:^
1125:^
1086:^
1047:^
913:,
907:,
901:,
885:,
879:,
873:,
855:,
797:.
766:.
742:.
710:.
621:–
604:–
587:–
567:–
443:,
400:,
294:,
2967:"
2963:"
2961:†
2802:†
2791:†
2756:†
2745:†
2718:†
2689:†
2637:†
2368:†
2357:†
2323:†
2315:†
1956:†
1948:†
1940:†
1932:†
1924:†
1913:†
1542:†
1531:†
1496:†
1488:†
1477:†
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
839:(
805:"
652:–
618:–
601:–
584:–
564:–
561:–
459:"
307:"
303:"
274:"
270:"
237:)
225:"
223:†
206:"
202:"
199:†
188:)
179:"
175:"
172:†
42:-
20:)
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