185:
279:. For the Astugewi, this relatively new clothing was called dwákawi. They did not employ a system of consistently smoking the fresh skins. Only buckskins for formal occasions were smoked, leaving daily worn buckskins prone to water damage. The Astugewi potentially did not recognise the water resistance given by the smoking process. Garth conjectured that treating the buckskins with smoke was a recent development, having "a close connection with the introduction of buckskin clothing itself" but lacked direct evidence of this trend.
815:
63:
196:
settlements were varied for both
Atsugewi bands. For example interactions between the territoriality adjacent band of Achomawi, the Illmawi, and the Atsuge were generally terse. These bad feelings arose in part from particular Atsuge trespassing upon Illmawi territory while traveling through to
175:
were known as the "pine tree people" or Atsuge. In turn the residents of
Apwariwa or Dixie Valley were known as the "juniper tree people" or Mahuopani; or by the more common Apwaruge, named after the valley itself. Exchanges of gifts and commercial trades were very common between the two bands.
212:
concluded that the
Klamath and their Modoc relatives gained horses in the 1820s. Atsugewi settlements were likely attacked primarily by Modoc. Outsahone was applied to both the Klamath and Modoc peoples. Captured people would be sold into slavery at an intertribal
244:. The best dumidiyi were made of yew wood by the Atsuge. As fairly peaceable relations developed with Paiute groups by 1870, these yew bows became a common trade item. The visiting Paiute would bring stockpiles of
197:
collect obsidian from the nearby Glass
Mountain. In general however the Achomawi-speaking peoples were the principal trading destination for most Atsugewi manufactured goods and foodstuffs.
803:
208:
to the north was largely undocumented. Despite this, Garth found it probable that there were extensive interactions between the cultures prior to the adoption of horses by the
Northerners.
184:
354:
and
Atsugewi as 3,000. A more detailed analysis by Fred B. Kniffen arrived at the same figure. T. R. Garth (1978:237) estimated the Atsugewi population at a maximum of 850.
705:
171:
and lived in small groups without centralized political authority. There was a cultural division into two smaller bands, based on the area of habitation. Inhabitants of
796:
781:
645:, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 23, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 297–332
627:
William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 236-243. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C., 1978. p. 237
1169:
789:
577:
737:
695:
661:
124:
357:
Kroeber estimated the combined population of the
Achumawi and Atsugewi in 1910 as 1,100. The population was given as about 500 in 1936.
819:
711:
371:
341:
260:
shells in central and southern
California. In return these trading goods were exchanged for Atsugewi basket and bow goods.
760:
890:
329:
151:
and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the
Apwaruge). The Atsugé ("pine-tree people") traditionally are from the
1164:
766:
1088:
574:
346:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
155:
area, and the Apwaruge ("juniper-tree people") are from the Dixie Valley. They lived to the south of the
309:
172:
152:
312:
language. As of 1994, an estimated three people spoke Atsugewi. The majority of the tribe speaks
257:
218:
144:
1159:
733:
691:
657:
366:
347:
305:
84:
870:
313:
80:
1004:
581:
325:
229:
168:
107:
1083:
1050:
875:
397:
276:
225:
201:
772:
1153:
1103:
1055:
983:
275:
and Paiute were among those known to have adopted buckskin clothing from the distant
268:
132:
977:
854:
241:
233:
209:
205:
136:
776:
727:
681:, Anthropological Records, vol. 14, Berkeley: University of California Press
651:
1133:
1123:
988:
901:
880:
840:
272:
253:
1008:
956:
951:
865:
835:
814:
128:
68:
1118:
1022:
972:
935:
850:
245:
140:
885:
240:. Called dumidiyi, the bows were of a similar design to those made by the
1067:
1061:
945:
930:
860:
830:
376:
351:
237:
193:
156:
148:
147:, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the
111:
47:
1093:
1045:
1039:
999:
994:
966:
914:
910:
896:
293:
214:
17:
1128:
1077:
1072:
1029:
1014:
264:
1138:
1113:
1108:
1098:
961:
925:
920:
249:
183:
1034:
940:
906:
704:
Spier, Leslie (1930). Kroeber, Alfred L.; Lowie, Robert (eds.).
785:
690:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
200:
Contact between the Achomawi and Atsugewi speakers with the
710:. Berkeley: University of California Press. Archived from
585:
San Diego State University Library and Information Access.
224:
Atsugewi manufactured bows were prized by the neighboring
595:
593:
438:
436:
434:
414:
Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes, Third Edition
100:
90:
74:
54:
38:
27:Native American people of Northeastern California
328:, while some Atsugewi people are members of the
292:A full list of Atsugewi plants can be found at
350:estimated the combined 1770 population of the
797:
777:California Indian Library Collections Project
575:California Indians and Their Reservations: S.
8:
33:
804:
790:
782:
32:
271:, Yurok, Klamath, Atsugewi and groups of
416:. (New York: Checkmark Books, 2006) p. 2
324:Today many Atsugewi are enrolled in the
611:
599:
514:
502:
454:
393:
391:
387:
729:Encyclopedia of Native American tribes
650:Kroeber, Alfred Louis (9 July 2006) ,
653:Handbook of the Indians of California
562:
550:
538:
526:
490:
478:
466:
442:
425:
7:
893:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
294:http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/19/
252:, glass beads, guns, and especially
167:The Atsugewi traditionally lived by
55:Regions with significant populations
625:Handbook of North American Indians,
135:. Their traditional lands are near
25:
1170:Indigenous peoples of California
820:Indigenous peoples of California
813:
726:Waldman, Carl (September 2006),
188:Basketry of the Hat Creek people
61:
372:Atsugewi traditional narratives
342:Population of Native California
991:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
1:
587:2009 (retrieved 27 June 2010)
769:, Four Directions Institute
688:California Indian Languages
330:Susanville Indian Rancheria
96:traditional tribal religion
1186:
763:, College of the Siskiyous
623:Garth, T. R. Atsugewi. In
339:
192:Relations with the nearby
826:
677:Garth, Thomas R. (1953),
641:Kniffen, Fred B. (1928),
127:residing in northeastern
105:
95:
79:
59:
43:
656:, Kessinger Publishing,
1089:Plains and Sierra Miwok
948:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
732:, Infobase Publishing,
221:in present-day Oregon.
686:Golla, Victor (2011),
403:Retrieved 20 Dec 2011.
296:(68 documented uses).
189:
1058:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
891:Eel River Athapaskans
773:Atsugewi Bibliography
340:Further information:
187:
169:hunting and gathering
106:other members of the
101:Related ethnic groups
679:Atsugewi Ethnography
541:, p. 145 fn 13.
457:, pp. 313, 316.
180:Neighboring cultures
46:1,350 combined with
707:Klamath Ethnography
139:, specifically the
35:
643:Achomawi Geography
580:2010-01-10 at the
258:Olivella biplicata
190:
1147:
1146:
739:978-0-8160-6274-4
697:978-0-520-26667-4
663:978-1-4286-4492-2
367:Atsugewi language
348:Alfred L. Kroeber
306:Atsugewi language
117:
116:
16:(Redirected from
1177:
1165:Pit River tribes
818:
817:
806:
799:
792:
783:
749:
748:
746:
722:
720:
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682:
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395:
125:Native Americans
67:
65:
64:
39:Total population
36:
21:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1005:Northern Paiute
822:
812:
810:
757:
752:
744:
742:
740:
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717:
715:
703:
698:
685:
676:
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618:
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606:
598:
591:
582:Wayback Machine
573:
569:
561:
557:
549:
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537:
533:
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521:
517:, pp. 2–3.
513:
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497:
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477:
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461:
453:
449:
441:
432:
424:
420:
412:Waldman, Carl.
411:
407:
396:
389:
385:
363:
344:
338:
326:Pit River Tribe
322:
302:
290:
285:
182:
165:
108:Pit River Tribe
62:
60:
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
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1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1026:
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1020:
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1002:
997:
992:
986:
981:
975:
970:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
904:
899:
894:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
848:
843:
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833:
827:
824:
823:
811:
809:
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801:
794:
786:
780:
779:
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764:
756:
755:External links
753:
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723:
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696:
683:
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662:
647:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:
616:
614:, p. 318.
604:
602:, p. 883.
589:
567:
565:, p. 148.
555:
553:, p. 145.
543:
531:
529:, p. 153.
519:
507:
505:, p. 308.
495:
493:, p. 131.
483:
471:
469:, p. 185.
459:
447:
445:, p. 183.
430:
428:, p. 129.
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405:
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369:
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277:Plains Indians
254:shell currency
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714:on 2021-01-14
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481:, p. 31.
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256:created from
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82:
78:
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70:
58:
53:
49:
42:
37:
19:
1080:(Gabrieliño)
1064:(Fernandeño)
969:(Bear River)
845:
743:, retrieved
728:
716:. Retrieved
712:the original
706:
687:
678:
667:, retrieved
652:
642:
634:Bibliography
624:
619:
612:Kniffen 1928
607:
600:Kroeber 2006
584:
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
515:Waldman 2006
510:
503:Kroeber 2006
498:
486:
474:
462:
455:Kniffen 1928
450:
421:
413:
408:
400:
356:
345:
323:
303:
291:
273:Western Mono
262:
223:
215:slave market
210:Leslie Spier
199:
191:
166:
143:drainage on
137:Mount Shasta
120:
118:
110:, including
30:Ethnic group
1084:Tübatulabal
902:Halchidhoma
881:Coast Miwok
841:Ahwahnechee
745:21 November
669:21 November
401:Ethnologue.
398:"Atsugewi."
310:Palaihnihan
288:Ethnobotany
83:, formerly
44:200 (1977),
1154:Categories
1009:Kucadikadi
952:Lake Miwok
866:Chemehuevi
836:Acjachemen
718:2022-05-13
563:Garth 1953
551:Garth 1953
539:Garth 1953
527:Garth 1953
491:Garth 1953
479:Spier 1930
467:Garth 1953
443:Garth 1953
426:Garth 1953
336:Population
219:The Dalles
129:California
69:California
1119:Wukchumni
1023:Ramaytush
1019:Costanoan
980:(Klamath)
973:Mechoopda
936:Kitanemuk
871:Chimariko
851:Bay Miwok
250:red ochre
246:buckskins
173:Hat Creek
153:Hat Creek
141:Pit River
75:Languages
1160:Atsugewi
1068:Timbisha
1062:Tataviam
946:Kumeyaay
931:Kawaiisu
861:Cahuilla
846:Atsugewi
831:Achomawi
767:Atsugewi
761:Atsugewi
578:Archived
377:Achomawi
361:See also
352:Achumawi
300:Language
238:Achomawi
194:Achomawi
157:Achomawi
149:Achomawi
121:Atsugewi
112:Achomawi
91:Religion
85:Atsugewi
48:Achomawi
34:Atsugewi
1094:Vanyume
1051:Serrano
1046:Salinan
1040:Quechan
1000:Nomlaki
995:Nisenan
967:Mattole
957:Luiseño
915:Whilkut
911:Chilula
897:Esselen
876:Chumash
775:, from
314:English
283:Culture
226:Klamath
202:Klamath
163:History
81:English
1129:Yokuts
1104:Washoe
1078:Tongva
1073:Tolowa
1056:Shasta
1042:(Yuma)
1030:Patwin
1015:Ohlone
984:Mohave
886:Cupeño
855:Saklan
736:
694:
660:
320:Tribes
269:Shasta
265:Tolowa
230:Paiute
145:Burney
66:
50:(2000)
18:Atsuge
1139:Yurok
1114:Wiyot
1109:Wintu
1099:Wappo
978:Modoc
962:Maidu
926:Cahto
921:Karuk
383:Notes
308:is a
242:Yurok
234:Modoc
206:Modoc
1134:Yuki
1124:Yana
1035:Pomo
989:Mono
941:Kizh
907:Hupa
747:2011
734:ISBN
692:ISBN
671:2011
658:ISBN
304:The
263:The
236:and
204:and
123:are
119:The
217:at
1156::
913:,
592:^
433:^
390:^
332:.
316:.
267:,
248:,
232:,
228:,
159:.
131:,
1011:)
1007:(
917:)
909:(
857:)
853:(
805:e
798:t
791:v
721:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
