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says that cows appear commonly in creation narratives around the world, yet "what is most striking about
Audhumla is that she unites the two warring groups in the mythology, by nourishing Ymir, ancestor of all the giants, and bringing into the light Búri, progenitor of the æsir."
241:
says that the cow Auðumbla's teats produced four rivers of milk, from which Ymir fed. Gylfi asks what Auðumbla ate, and High says that she licked salty rime stones for sustenance. He recounts that Auðumbla once licked salts for three days, revealing
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was borne through the countryside in a wagon drawn by cattle. Simek compares the deity to a variety of cow-associated deities among non-Germanic peoples, such as the
Egyptian goddess
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may mean 'rich' and in turn 'rich hornless cow' remains generally accepted among scholars as a gloss of the Old
Icelandic animal name. However,
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as she produces rivers of milk from her udders in an illustration from an
Icelandic 18th century manuscript of the
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may also have been understood as the 'destroyer of the desert'. This semantic ambiguity may have been intentional.
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189:'hornless cow', and Northern Europeans have bred hornless cows since prehistoric times. As highlighted above,
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In Prayer and
Laughter. Essays on Medieval Scandinavian and Germanic Mythology, Literature, and Culture
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246:: The first day she licked free his hair, the second day his head, and the third day his entire body.
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suckles at the udder of Auðumbla as she licks Búri out of the ice in a painting by
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The compound presents some level of semantic ambiguity. A parallel occurs in
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in disguise) asks where, in the distant past, Ymir lived and what he ate.
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Illustrations of Auðhumbla from manuscripts and early print books.
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Norse
Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
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116:. Scholars identify her as stemming from a very early stratum of
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fed upon her milk, and over the course of three days she
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See discussion in both Lindow 2001:63 and Simek 2007:22.
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people, clan, and place names in
Germanic heroic legend
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The second and final mention of Auðumbla occurs in the
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can also mean 'fate' and 'desolate; desert', and so
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Fictional characters introduced in the 13th century
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209:Auðumbla's sole attested narrative occurs in the
536:Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall.
341:, who suckled on her breast milk, in Classical
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309:relates how an image of the Germanic goddess
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292:'s first century CE work ethnography of the
112:, composed in the 13th century by Icelander
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1411:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
106:. The creature is attested solely in the
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404:, celestial cow from Egyptian mythology
98:, grandfather of the gods and brothers
257:Scholarly reception and interpretation
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140:The cow's name variously appears in
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305:section above), and notes that the
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94:the salty rime rocks and revealed
14:
480:Faulkes, Anthony (1995 ). Trans.
229:, Gangleri (described earlier in
1311:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
538:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
325:(described as 'the cow-eyed').
16:Primeval cow of Norse mythology
1748:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
288:highlights that Roman senator
120:, and ultimately belonging to
1:
317:(depicted as cow-headed) and
2679:Creatures in Norse mythology
1818:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
42:1908. This house was also
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2694:Female legendary creatures
2485:Festivals and holy periods
277:On the topic of Auðumbla,
1753:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
1466:named animals and plants
610:
38:Audumbla milk company in
1574:Black elves (Svartálfar)
430:Liberman (2016:347–352).
359:, creator bull deity in
350:, a celestial bull from
225:section of the book. In
130:cow-associated goddesses
60:Old Norse pronunciation:
2456:Sacred trees and groves
1696:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
1569:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
507:Oxford University Press
83:. The primordial frost
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1564:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1213:Narfi (father of Nott)
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47:
31:
1706:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
985:Sister-wife of Njörðr
370:Zoroastrian mythology
265:The primordial being
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37:
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2476:Wetlands and islands
1596:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
526:. Paleograph Press.
448:Faulkes (1995 :163).
368:, primordial cow in
159:[ˈɔuðˌhumlɑ]
150:[ˈɔuðˌumblɑ]
70:[ˈɔuðˌhumlɑ]
64:[ˈɔuðˌumblɑ]
23:Auðumbla licks free
1758:Narfi (son of Loki)
905:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
439:Faulkes (1995 :11).
409:Notes and citations
395:, cow goddess from
361:Canaanite mythology
168:[ˈɔuðˌumlɑ]
76:[ˈɔuðˌumlɑ]
2404:Religious practice
2378:Old Norse language
1845:Váli (son of Loki)
1733:Líf and Lífthrasir
1641:Árvakr and Alsviðr
1636:Horses of the Æsir
1616:Hati Hróðvitnisson
757:Váli (son of Odin)
600:Old Norse religion
397:Egyptian mythology
352:Sumerian mythology
337:, goat who raised
275:
271:Nicolai Abildgaard
126:primordial bovines
118:Germanic mythology
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1828:Þjálfi and Röskva
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635:and other figures
520:Liberman, Anatoly
466:Simek (2007: 22).
457:Lindow (2001:63).
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79:) is a primeval
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175:'riches' and *
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122:larger complex
46:'s birthplace.
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948:Ingunar-Freyr
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179:'hornless').
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2336:
2329:
2322:
2293:Hjaðningavíg
2071:Glæsisvellir
1611:Gullinbursti
1496:
1258:Útgarða-Loki
652:Almáttki áss
537:
523:
502:
499:Lindow, John
481:
462:
453:
444:
435:
426:
417:
306:
302:
296:
286:Rudolf Simek
284:
276:
250:
248:
231:Gylfaginning
230:
227:Gylfaginning
226:
220:
216:
212:Gylfaginning
210:
208:
205:Attestations
198:
194:
190:
186:
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176:
172:
163:
154:
145:
141:
139:
107:
73:and Auðumla
55:
49:
44:Alfred Nobel
28:
2451:Reginnaglar
2383:Orthography
2356:Jómsvíkinga
2331:Poetic Edda
2244:Urðarbrunnr
2239:Mímisbrunnr
2171:Singasteinn
2101:Hindarfjall
2081:Gnipahellir
2061:Ginnungagap
2036:Fyrisvellir
2031:Fornsigtuna
1965:Vimur River
1955:Slidr River
1728:Jörmungandr
1138:Hrímgrímnir
767:Vili and Vé
542:D.S. Brewer
402:Mehet-Weret
386:, cow from
366:Gavaevodata
279:John Lindow
199:Auðhum(b)la
104:Vili and Vé
92:licked away
2668:Categories
2618:Viking Age
2593:Philosophy
2461:Sonargöltr
2346:Runestones
2338:Prose Edda
2283:Fimbulvetr
2234:Hvergelmir
2201:Valaskjálf
2161:Sessrúmnir
2131:Jötunheimr
2106:Hlidskjalf
2096:Himinbjörg
2066:Glaðsheimr
2051:Gastropnir
2006:Bilskirnir
1986:Amsvartnir
1899:Gjallarbrú
1882:Underworld
1838:Landvættir
1738:Loddfáfnir
1716:Svaðilfari
1701:Hófvarpnir
1646:Blóðughófi
1626:Hildisvíni
1502:Aurvandill
1263:Vafþrúðnir
1248:Þrúðgelmir
1108:Harðgreipr
474:References
251:Nafnaþulur
222:Nafnaþulur
217:Prose Edda
187:humble-cow
142:Prose Edda
109:Prose Edda
29:Prose Edda
2573:Mead hall
2507:Þorrablót
2361:Legendary
2256:Yggdrasil
2216:Víðbláinn
2211:Vanaheimr
2186:Þrymheimr
2181:Þrúðvangr
2176:Þrúðheimr
2146:Munarvágr
2136:Mímameiðr
2111:Hnitbjorg
2026:Fólkvangr
2011:Brávellir
1960:Vadgelmir
1945:Kerlaugar
1914:Niðafjöll
1874:Locations
1850:Valkyries
1798:Sæhrímnir
1686:Gulltoppr
1651:Falhófnir
1549:Einherjar
1532:Landdísir
1366:Mótsognir
1356:Hreiðmarr
1268:Víðblindi
1218:Sökkmímir
1208:Mögþrasir
1168:Hyrrokkin
1133:Hrímgerðr
1128:Hræsvelgr
1118:Helreginn
1113:Helblindi
1033:Bergelmir
697:Ítreksjóð
604:mythology
384:Kamadhenu
379:Einherjar
40:Stockholm
2636:See also
2558:Hamingja
2512:Vetrnætr
2497:Dísablót
2492:Álfablót
2298:Ragnarök
2206:Valhalla
2196:Útgarðar
2141:Myrkviðr
2126:Járnviðr
2121:Iðavöllr
2041:Gálgviðr
2021:Fensalir
1930:Élivágar
1904:Náströnd
1894:Éljúðnir
1763:Níðhöggr
1711:Sleipnir
1681:Gullfaxi
1581:Fimafeng
1497:Auðumbla
1316:Billingr
1243:Þrívaldi
1228:Suttungr
1183:Járnsaxa
1153:Hrungnir
1083:Gillingr
1078:Geirröðr
1058:Fárbauti
1048:Býleistr
1013:Angrboða
965:Gullveig
677:Heimdall
667:Dellingr
522:(2016).
501:(2001).
486:Everyman
335:Amalthea
329:See also
307:Germania
298:Germania
233:as king
155:Auðhumla
146:Auðumbla
56:Auðumbla
2588:Numbers
2568:Kenning
2441:Worship
2397:Society
2307:Sources
2226:Vingólf
2221:Vígríðr
2191:Uppsala
2156:Okolnir
2076:Glitnir
2046:Gandvik
2001:Bifröst
1991:Andlang
1909:Niflhel
1855:Völundr
1803:Skírnir
1743:Móðguðr
1539:Dragons
1522:Byggvir
1351:Gandalf
1336:Dvalinn
1306:Andvari
1143:Hrímnir
1098:Gunnlöð
1068:Fornjót
1063:Fjölvar
1043:Bölþorn
1018:Aurboða
1008:Alvaldi
960:Gersemi
777:Ásynjur
682:Hermóðr
672:Forseti
622:Deities
375:Heiðrún
311:Nerthus
290:Tacitus
164:Auðumla
2431:Horses
2270:Events
2251:Ýdalir
2230:Wells
2166:Sindri
2151:Nóatún
2016:Brimir
1981:Asgard
1940:Ífingr
1923:Rivers
1833:Vættir
1691:Gyllir
1601:Fylgja
1591:Fenrir
1544:Draugs
1480:Others
1403:Heroes
1386:Brokkr
1341:Fáfnir
1331:Dúrnir
1326:Durinn
1301:Alvíss
1293:Dwarfs
1278:Vörnir
1188:Laufey
1053:Eggþér
1038:Bestla
995:Jötnar
980:Njörðr
975:Kvasir
938:Freyja
890:Snotra
850:Njörun
805:Gefjon
762:Víðarr
702:Lóðurr
631:jötnar
627:dwarfs
548:
530:
513:
492:
393:Hathor
315:Hathor
273:, 1790
177:humala
162:, and
85:jötunn
2623:Völva
2613:Skald
2608:Seiðr
2603:Runes
2598:Rings
2563:Heiti
2548:Galdr
2543:Félag
2533:Death
2526:Other
2436:Hörgr
2351:Sagas
2091:Heiðr
2056:Gimlé
1996:Barri
1935:Gjöll
1860:Vörðr
1823:Troll
1808:Sköll
1768:Norns
1676:Grani
1671:Glenr
1661:Glaðr
1631:Hjúki
1606:Garmr
1559:Elves
1554:Eldir
1527:Dísir
1507:Beyla
1441:Hi–Hy
1391:Eitri
1376:Regin
1321:Dáinn
1273:Vosud
1253:Þrymr
1233:Þjazi
1223:Surtr
1193:Leikn
1163:Hymir
1158:Hrymr
1148:Hroðr
1123:Hljod
1103:Gymir
1093:Gríðr
1073:Gangr
1023:Baugi
970:Hnoss
953:Yngvi
943:Freyr
930:Vanir
910:Þrúðr
885:Skaði
880:Sjöfn
875:Sigyn
860:Rindr
845:Nanna
825:Iðunn
810:Gerðr
800:Fulla
795:Frigg
722:Mímir
717:Meili
692:Hœnir
662:Bragi
657:Baldr
235:Gylfi
2689:Ymir
2553:Goði
2538:Ergi
2517:Yule
2416:Blót
2324:Edda
1786:Nótt
1781:Elli
1776:Dagr
1723:Jörð
1666:Glær
1656:Gísl
1517:Búri
1512:Borr
1492:Auðr
1436:H–He
1361:Litr
1283:Ymir
1238:Þökk
1203:Logi
1198:Litr
1028:Beli
1003:Ægir
865:Sága
840:Lofn
835:Irpa
830:Ilmr
820:Hlín
752:Ullr
742:Thor
732:Odin
712:Máni
707:Loki
687:Höðr
644:Æsir
602:and
546:ISBN
528:ISBN
511:ISBN
490:ISBN
482:Edda
339:Zeus
323:Hera
319:Isis
303:name
267:Ymir
244:Búri
239:High
195:auðr
191:Auð-
173:auðr
136:Name
100:Odin
96:Búri
88:Ymir
25:Búri
2578:Nīþ
2421:Hof
1889:Hel
1621:Hel
1456:T–Y
1451:P–S
1446:I–O
1431:F–G
1426:D–E
1421:B–C
1371:Ótr
1173:Iði
920:Vör
915:Vár
900:Syn
895:Sól
870:Sif
855:Rán
815:Gná
790:Eir
785:Bil
747:Týr
737:Óðr
128:or
124:of
81:cow
50:In
2670::
2471:Vé
1178:Ím
629:,
624:,
544:.
540:.
509:.
505:.
488:.
484:.
357:El
153:,
132:.
102:,
54:,
1416:A
633:,
592:e
585:t
578:v
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
